HRP20000152A2 - Ballastless railway system - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a top machine without gravel with precast concrete bearing plates, which carry rails, which are longer in the longitudinal direction than in the transverse direction of the top machine.

Rail transport has a special significance both for the transport of goods and also for the transport of people. In addition to structural improvements on the rolling stock, the upper track machine is of particular importance both for higher speeds and also for increased driving comfort. Furthermore, it is necessary to limit the maintenance time of the upper track machine as much as possible, as well as to make disturbances quickly rectifiable. Further development of the so-called top track machine without gravel was aimed at these tasks. With different constructions, different tasks have to be solved. Since the rails must be replaceable, provision must be made for detachable joints with rail supports. These rail supports can be sleeper grids or concrete slabs limited in length. The sleeper grid can be placed, for example, in unbonded concrete, where the rails must be precisely arranged to enable the exact position of the rails. A further possibility exists in providing support plates with which the rails are also releasably connected. For the exact adjustment in the longitudinal and transverse direction of the rails, for this purpose, for example, semicircular cavities at the ends of the plates can be provided, which work together with the corresponding circular cylinders, which are placed vertically from the base. Conversely, circular cylinders in the base can also be extracted here, into which the circular partial cylinders that extend roughly downwards then protrude. Such cylindrical holding devices do not provide any precise adjustment, because movement can occur along the cylindrical surfaces. In the case of a break of the extension or shingle, which goes from the bottom up, that end of the plate is without any reinforcement.

A further possibility for fixing such supporting plates on the base is that. to provide cavities in the supporting plates, especially cavities that go all the way to the end, for example rectangular cavities, whereby the necessary precision can be implemented both in the longitudinal and also in the transverse direction. Particularly large forces can be withstood if several large surface cavities are provided in the supporting plate. A further advantage is that the weight of the supporting plates can also be significantly reduced.

A further important task, which must also be solved with the top machine without gravel, consists in the fact that the top machine must not behave like a rigid body under load, but must elastically federate under load. A shock absorber of this type must be located in the area of several millimeters. In the case of a gravel substrate, this elastic federation is achieved by compressing the gravel substrate, which expands again after unloading. These procedures condition the wear of the gravel substrate, while at the same time the gravel corners under the thresholds are pushed out of that area, so that regular maintenance is necessary, namely the clogging of the gravel substrate, especially under the thresholds. In the case of the upper machine without gravel, as a rule, a single structural element is foreseen for this federation. For this purpose, layers that can be elastically deformed are placed under the threshold grid or also under the supporting plates.

From EP 0 516 612 B1, an upper machine without gravel is known, which has a base plate, which is made in situ. This base plate can also be made in the form of a trough. On that base plate, over the base mortar, a concrete bearing plate is laid, which, if necessary, also has steel reinforcement, with which the two rails are releasably connected. To fix the position of that concrete slab, the mortar of the base can protrude into the rectangular, uninterrupted cavities of the supporting slab. Furthermore, there is a possibility that at each end of the supporting plate, in relation to the longitudinal direction of the upper machine, projections are provided that protrude downwards, and that protrude into the cavities of the base plate, whereby the space in between is also filled with base mortar. In rectangular cavities, between the base mortar, which has penetrated into them, and the supporting plate, a rubber-like elastic layer can also be provided. In any case, these rubber-elastic layers correspond exactly to the outer dimensions of the supporting plates. For acoustic improvement, such bearing plate structures may have a single layer on their air-facing surfaces. Such a construction proved to be good, however, it must be done with extraordinary precision, and in order to achieve the desired properties, any damage to the layers must be avoided.

From AT 390 976 B, which is the state of the art from which the proposed invention is based, a process for building an upper machine without gravel is known, as well as the upper machine produced according to this process. Here, the pre-cast concrete bearing slabs are held at a distance from the base by means of spindles arranged in their corners. The supporting plates have all the holes pierced. On the surfaces facing the substrate, and also in the cavities of the supporting plates, they can have a layer of elastic material, for example polyurethane, which is applied in a liquid state and then allowed to harden. Another possibility is that these rubber-like elastic layers are pre-made and applied to the supporting panels exactly corresponding to its dimensions. Then the substrate mortar is introduced through its own injection holes and also through the holding holes. When it hardens, the supports can be removed. Then the rails can be fixed separately using screws that work together with the plastic pins provided in the support plate. The disadvantage of such a procedure is that it has to be worked with particularly high precision so that the entire lower surface of the support plate lies securely only over the rubber-like elastic plate on the base mortar and that there are no areas where the base mortar is in direct contact with the base plate.

The aim of the proposed invention is to create an upper machine without gravel, which has concrete bearing plates that can be easily prepared beforehand and which have a low weight, and which can be placed exactly in the fixing position, which guarantee an even federation of the bearing plate on the mortar of the base and which allow to avoid sound bridges between the substrate and the supporting plates.

The top machine without gravel according to the invention, with precast concrete bearing plates that carry rails and which are longer in the longitudinal direction than in the transverse direction of the top machine, with at least two, especially symmetrically distributed cavities, which if necessary go all the way from top to bottom and which are polygonal, especially quadrangular and open downwards, with sides of different lengths provided, and the longer sides run in the longitudinal direction of the upper machine, whereby the base mortar, standing on the base, e.g. concrete, leveled stone, extends at least in two cavities, and between the pre-made concrete support slabs and the base mortar, on the lower side of the concrete support slab there is primarily a rubber-like elastic layer, especially from granulates as a rubber-elastic material, whereby the concrete support slabs are arranged so that they are spaced from each other at on its front sides, consists mainly in the fact that, like rubber, an elastic layer, of uniform thickness, overhangs the tone bearing plate on its lower side, preferably for at least the height of its thickness multiplied by 0.02 to 0.5, along at least one side, and especially along three sides, preferably along its entire circumference, and that there is a joint without concrete between the front sides , which, if necessary, has an elastic layer like rubber, whereby the width of this joint is preferably equal to the thickness of the concrete supporting plate multiplied by 0.02 to 0.5.

With pre-made concrete support plates, with which the rails are demountably fixed, any structural parts of the above machine can be produced without gravel, which must have a particularly high precision, not at the assembly site, but by factory production. By predicting the cavities in the concrete supporting plate, especially the cavities that go all the way to the end, its weight can be significantly reduced without significantly affecting the load-bearing strength, while with polygonal, especially rectangular cavities, it is especially advantageous to precisely set the supporting plates on the base itself, especially with higher load. By placing elastic layers like rubber between the base mortar, which is on a leveled surface, such as concrete, and the concrete support plate, the desired federation of the upper track machine can be achieved, whereby sound bridges can be avoided at the same time with accurate adjustment. Since the supporting concrete slabs are spaced apart, they can be kept at a wide range of temperatures without mutual influence.

By having the rubber elastic layer stick out over the side edges of the concrete support plate, it is possible to avoid any direct contact between the base mortar and the concrete support plate, because the remaining rubber edges of the elastic layer condition the sealing of the support plate, so that the intermediate space from one sides can be reliably filled with the substrate mortar, and on the other hand, direct connection of the substrate mortar to the concrete support plate can be avoided in a simple and reliable way. By having the elastic layers stick out like rubber on at least one side, namely on the front side, which is adjacent to the next concrete support plate, sealing of the gap between two concrete support plates can be achieved in a simple and effective way, which can be avoided without additional measures penetration of the substrate mortar into the joint. When the bearing plates are constructed in the form of a trough, it is possible to prevent the non-sealing of the concrete bearing plates / against each other and towards the trough, whereby with an excess of rubber-like elastic layers on three sides, sufficient sealing can already be achieved towards the trough, and also towards the adjacent concrete supporting plates. If a joint without concrete is foreseen between the front sides of the concrete bearing plates, which is also covered on the upper side, then the thermal expansion of the concrete bearing plates can be taken into account particularly easily, whereby surface water can also be led through the joint.

If the base for the joint is made with the remaining rubber-like elastic layer, then it is particularly easy to avoid penetration of the substrate mortar into the joint, while the free movement of the concrete bearing plates is guaranteed, for example due to thermal expansion.

If there is a remaining area at the base of the joint, or if the remaining areas are like the rubber of the elastic layer of two suspended concrete supporting plates directed downwards and if necessary connected to the substrate mortar, then on the one hand the joint between the two plates is sealed so much that the substrate mortar is more it does not penetrate upwards. Furthermore, there is the possibility of inserting a protective insert into the joint already during production, with which the elastic layer (or layers) is pressed down like rubber. When the base mortar has solidified, the protective insert can be removed, and if necessary, an elastic layer (or layers) is connected to the base mortar as rubber. This results in a joint, which, depending on the protective insert, has a predetermined width and is therefore particularly suitable for draining surface water.

If the joint above is covered with a profile or with a slat made of metal, plastic or the like, then undisturbed stretching of the concrete slabs can be guaranteed for a long time, so that damages caused by thermal stretching can simply be avoided.

If, like rubber, the elastic joint on the underside of the concrete support plates leaves free cavities exactly to measure, then the layers have cavities that exactly correspond to the cavities in the concrete carrier plate, so that the layers can in any case be placed especially precisely on the side walls of the cavities and no gaps, into which the mortar of the base eventually penetrates, and thus a material connection is formed between them and the concrete supporting slabs, which on the one hand creates sound bridges, and on the other hand disrupts the necessary spring properties.

If there is an elastic layer on the walls of the cavity, preferably previously produced as rubber, which covers the elastic layer on the underside in the area of the cavity like rubber, then a particularly secure cover of the concrete bearing plate is obtained, which allows that nothing from the mortar of the substrate can reach directly contact with it in the indentation area.

If the concrete bearing plate has a longitudinal and transverse unstressed armor, which leaves the cavities free, then a concrete bearing plate of particularly light weight can be produced, so that on the one hand easy handling is enabled, and on the other hand the inertia of the upper machine that exists in large concrete bearing slabs.

If the cavity walls are glued only with a previously made layer of rubber-like elastic material, then cracks in the corner areas of the cavities can also be avoided. Such wall cladding can have thicknesses of material corresponding to the corners of the cavities, so that it can simply be glued into the respective corners.

If the base mortar and the concrete support plate are at least partially located on a concrete slab or in a concrete trough/provisioned on the base, then it can be achieved that not only the forces from the base mortar are transferred to the base via the side walls of the trough, but also additionally the forces from the concrete supporting plates, i.e. an additional structural element is obtained for uniform transfer of force to the base.

If the concrete trough or concrete bearing plate is located on the surface above as a rubber elastic bearing, mostly with a full surface, then especially in the case of various constructions, such as bridges, tunnels and the like, the transmission of vibrations can be avoided in a particularly simple way, that is, the transmission of vibrations can be weakened, and also the sound conditioned by it.

If, like rubber, the elastic bearings are made of at least two profiles, which go in the longitudinal direction of the upper machine, then they can be replaced especially easily, while the exact adjustment of the trough can be done with the simplest means.

If a concrete trough or a concrete bearing plate rests on the base above a plurality of rubber-like elastic bearings, then the transfer of vibrations of the concrete bearing plate to the base can be easily controlled, for example, with the mutual spacing of the bearings. With different distances, it is possible to prevent vibrations of a certain frequency from being transmitted to the ground, primarily from concrete bearing plates.

If between the concrete bearing plate and the side walls of the concrete trough there is an elastic layer like rubber that is attached to the concrete plate, then it is possible to act directly on the effect of the force, however due to the elastic layer there is an equalization, whereby the sound remains still, only muffled .

If there is a release agent, especially wax, on the downward-facing surface such as rubber of the elastic layer, then the concrete bearing plates can be replaced particularly easily, because there is no material connection between the rubber of the elastic layer and the substrate mortar.

In the following, the invention will be explained in more detail with the help of drawings. Thereby,

figure 1 shows the upper track machine according to the invention viewed from above,

Figure 2 shows a section along line II-II from Figure 1,

Figure 3 shows the detachable rail attachment,

Figure 4 shows the spindle for fine adjustment of the concrete support plate,

Figure 5 shows a section of a concrete bearing plate in the cavity area,

Figure 6 shows a rubber-like elastic liner for the cavity, i

Figure 7 shows the connection between two concrete support plates.

Figure 1 shows two concrete support plates, which have cavities 2 going from top to bottom and through injection openings 3.

Rails 5 are demountably fixed with concrete bearing plates. There are threads 5 on the four corners of the concrete support plates, which work together with the spindles to adjust the height of the concrete support plates. The supporting plates have dimensions of 2400 mm by 5160 mm. Common measurements range from 2000 mm to 2700 mm by 3000 mm to 7000 mm. Their thickness is between 140 mm and 250 mm, and in the proposed case 160 mm. Cavities 2 are made rectangular, with the longer sides of the rectangle running parallel to the upper track machine and their length is 900 mm, while their width is 600 mm.

The concrete bearing plates lie above the base mortar 6 on the base, which can be seen particularly clearly in Figure 2, on the bottom of the concrete trough 7. That concrete trough 7, for its part, rests above like a rubber of elastic profile 8 on the leveled base 9. Instead of the concrete trough, a concrete slab can also be provided. Furthermore, instead of a profile, a continuous, rubber-like elastic layer can be provided. In the case of particularly high vibration loads, the concrete trough or concrete slab can be laid on a number of individual elastic rubber-like bearings on the base. This achieves, on the one hand, that vibrations can be transmitted to the base only in separate places, while there is a possibility that, further, with different distances between the bearings, it is avoided that vibrations of a certain frequency are transmitted to the base first. There is also the possibility that the mutual distances of the individual bearings are determined in such a way that, for example, only vibrations with a slight intensity are transmitted or that no anticipated vibrations are transmitted at all. The concrete supporting plates 1 have unstressed reinforcement 10, which on one side ends in front of the cavity 2, and on the other side goes longitudinally and transversely in the direction of the upper machine. The concrete cover is at least 25 mm. On the side of the concrete slab facing the base, there is a precast layer (11), 30 mm thick, which protrudes over the outer contours of the concrete bearing slab 1. This layer is topped with rubber parts of an average size of 15 mm to 20 mm, which are connected with a polyurethane binder. Injection-molded plastic film is also suitable. In relation to the width, it protrudes at least 5 mm beyond the width of the concrete bearing plate, while in the longitudinal direction of the rails, like rubber, the elastic layer protrudes over the concrete bearing plate by 2.5 cm, and this if this layer protrudes over the concrete plate on each of its front faces side. If it is given that this layer protrudes over the concrete bearing plate only on three sides, then the layer overhangs the joint. If the concrete bearing plate, on the other hand, is not located in the trough, but only on another concrete plate, or on a leveled base above the base mortar, then it is sufficient to seal the joint between the two bearing plates. This sealing of the joint can be done by means of the provided surplus as rubber of the elastic layer only on one support plate or by means of the surplus as rubber of the elastic layer on both front sides of the support plates.

The base mortar 6 also protrudes into the cavity 2 of the concrete bearing plate, whereby the side walls of the concrete bearing plate also have a rubber-like elastic layer 12. In the base mortar 6, one reinforcement 13 reaches into the depressions, so that the base mortar with its prominent parts can also better accept tensile stresses.

As can be seen particularly clearly in Figure 3, the rail 4 is connected releasably to the concrete support plate. The base plate has an elevation of 14, so that the rails are elevated in relation to the remaining area of the base plate. Pins 15 are provided in the concrete support plate, which work together with screws 16, which releasably connect the rail 4 to the concrete support plate by means of clamping plates 17, washers 18 and elastic intermediate plates 19 as rubber.

Figure 4 shows a cross-section of the corner area of the concrete support plate 1. In this corner area, a plastic thread 5 is cut, which works together with the thread of the spindle 20. The spindle 20 has an eyelet 21 that serves for easier handling of the spindle. When injecting the mortar of the substrate 6, the only procedure is to accurately position the concrete support plate with four spindles, set at each of its corners, on the substrate 9 or at the bottom of the concrete trough 7. The concrete support plate with a thickness of 160 mm carries the previously made layer 11 made of rubber with a hardness of 65 Shore A. After the correct adjustment of the concrete bearing plate, the substrate mortar can be injected through the cavity 2, but also through the injection opening 3. The layer 11 reaches out over the contours of the concrete bearing plate, which is particularly clearly visible, and is connected on the wall 28 of the concrete trough 7. Then, like rubber, the elastic layer 27 is fixed on the concrete support plate and placed between the wall 28 and the concrete support plate 1. The mortar base has a thickness d1 of 100 mm (between 3 cm and 20 cm). On the lower surface, facing the bottom of the trough, the rubber-like elastic layer 11 has a separating agent, namely wax. In this way, it can be easily removed during repairs, i.e. changing the concrete supporting slab.

Figure 5 shows the area of the concrete bearing plate with a cavity, where it is clearly seen that the rubber elastic layer 11 exactly corresponds to the shape of the concrete bearing plate, while the previously made rubber elastic layer 12 also covers the cross-sectional surface 22 like the rubber of the elastic layer 11.

As shown in figure 6, the layer 12 can be made in one piece, where in the areas 23, which areas correspond to the respective corners of the cavity, material thinning is provided, so that a simple folding of the previously made layer into a rectangle can be easily performed.

Figure 7 shows two concrete support plates 1, between which a joint 24 is provided. In this joint 24 there is an insert 25 that can be removed after the mortar has hardened. Layer 11 continues over the contours of the concrete bearing slab in the joint area for approx. 2.5 cm and is pressed down with an insert 25. This creates a groove that is deeper than the bottom surface of the concrete support plate, through which surface water can go. The cover 26 for the joint 24, which can be, for example, made of plastic, is indicated by a line. Rubber granulate or other compressive mass can also be placed in the joint without concrete.

Claims (14)

1. Upper machine without gravel with pre-made concrete bearing plates (1), which carry rails, which are longer in the longitudinal direction than in the transverse direction of the upper machine, with at least two, specially symmetrically distributed cavities (2), which go from top to bottom, as needed all the way to the end, and they are made polygonal and are open downwards, with specially designed sides of different lengths and the longer sides going in the longitudinal direction of the upper machine, whereby the mortar of the base (6), which stands on the base (9) , e.g. concrete, leveled stone, extends into at least two recesses (2), and between the pre-made concrete bearing plates (1) and the base mortar (6), on the lower side of the concrete bearing plate, there is a pre-manufactured rubber elastic layer ( II), especially from granulates like rubber of elastic material, whereby the concrete supporting plates (1) are arranged so that they are spaced from each other on their front sides, indicated by the fact that the rubber-like elastic layer (11), of uniform thickness, overhangs e concrete bearing plate (1) on its lower surface at least for its thickness multiplied by 0.02 to 0.5, along at least one side, and especially along three sides, preferably along its entire circumference, and that there is a joint between the front sides without concrete, which, if necessary, has a rubber-like elastic layer, where, in particular, the width of this joint is equal to the thickness of the concrete supporting plate multiplied by 0.02 to 0.5. 2. Upper machine without gravel according to claim 1, characterized in that the bottom for the connection (24) is made by means of the elastic layer (11) remaining as rubber. 3. Upper machine without gravel according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by the fact that the rubber-like area of the elastic layer (11) remaining on the basis of the connection (24) of two adjacent concrete support plates (1) is directed downwards and is connected to the mortar if necessary the base (6), or the rubber-like areas of the elastic layer (11) remaining on the basis of the joint (24) of two adjacent concrete support plates (1) are directed downwards and are connected to the base mortar (6) as necessary. 4. Upper machine without gravel according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the joint (24) is covered above with a profile or slat (24) made of metal, plastic or the like. 5. The upper machine without gravel according to one of the claims 1 to 4, characterized by the fact that the rubber-like elastic layer (11) on the lower side of the concrete support plate leaves exactly the free cavity (2) of the concrete support plate (1). 6. The top machine without gravel according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the walls of the cavities (2) have, preferably pre-made, a rubber-like elastic layer (Figure 6), which covers the rubber-like elastic layer (11) on the lower side in the cavity area (2) . 7. The top machine without gravel according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the concrete supporting plate (1) has longitudinal and transverse unstressed reinforcement (10), which leaves the cavities (2) free. 8. The upper machine without gravel according to one of the claims 1 to 7, characterized by the fact that the walls of the cavities (2) are glued with only one, previously prepared layer of rubber-like elastic material (Figure 6) that passes through these cavities. 9. Upper machine without gravel according to one of the claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the mortar base (6) and the concrete support plate (1) are located at least partially on one concrete plate/. that is, in the concrete trough (7), provided, or provided on the foundation. 10. The top machine without gravel according to claim 9, indicated by the fact that the concrete trough (7) or the concrete supporting plate (1) rests on the base, especially over the entire surface, above it like a rubber elastic bearing. 11. Upper machine without gravel according to claim 10, indicated by the fact that the rubber-like elastic bearing (7) is made of at least two profiles that run in the longitudinal direction of the upper machine. 12. The upper machine without gravel according to claim 10, characterized by the fact that the concrete trough (7) or concrete supporting plate (1) rests on the base above several elastic bearings separated from each other like rubber. 13. The upper machine without gravel according to one of the claims 1 to 12, characterized in that between the concrete supporting plate (1) and the side walls (28) of the concrete trough (7) there is a rubber-like elastic layer (27) which is fixed to the concrete carrier plate. 14. The upper machine without gravel according to one of the claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the rubber surface of the elastic layer (11), which faces downwards, has a separating agent, especially wax.