GB992677A - Method of increasing the efficiency of nuclear reactors - Google Patents

Method of increasing the efficiency of nuclear reactors

Info

Publication number
GB992677A
GB992677A GB41966/62A GB4196662A GB992677A GB 992677 A GB992677 A GB 992677A GB 41966/62 A GB41966/62 A GB 41966/62A GB 4196662 A GB4196662 A GB 4196662A GB 992677 A GB992677 A GB 992677A
Authority
GB
United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
glow discharge
elements
deposited
cans
coating
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
GB41966/62A
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Elektrophysikalische Anstalt Bernhard Berghaus
Original Assignee
Elektrophysikalische Anstalt Bernhard Berghaus
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from CH1287561A external-priority patent/CH416853A/en
Application filed by Elektrophysikalische Anstalt Bernhard Berghaus filed Critical Elektrophysikalische Anstalt Bernhard Berghaus
Publication of GB992677A publication Critical patent/GB992677A/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23CCOATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C14/00Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
    • C23C14/22Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the process of coating
    • C23C14/24Vacuum evaporation
    • C23C14/32Vacuum evaporation by explosion; by evaporation and subsequent ionisation of the vapours, e.g. ion-plating
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23CCOATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C14/00Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
    • C23C14/06Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the coating material
    • C23C14/14Metallic material, boron or silicon
    • C23C14/16Metallic material, boron or silicon on metallic substrates or on substrates of boron or silicon
    • C23C14/165Metallic material, boron or silicon on metallic substrates or on substrates of boron or silicon by cathodic sputtering
    • GPHYSICS
    • G21NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21CNUCLEAR REACTORS
    • G21C3/00Reactor fuel elements and their assemblies; Selection of substances for use as reactor fuel elements
    • G21C3/02Fuel elements
    • G21C3/04Constructional details
    • G21C3/06Casings; Jackets
    • GPHYSICS
    • G21NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21CNUCLEAR REACTORS
    • G21C3/00Reactor fuel elements and their assemblies; Selection of substances for use as reactor fuel elements
    • G21C3/02Fuel elements
    • G21C3/04Constructional details
    • G21C3/16Details of the construction within the casing
    • G21C3/20Details of the construction within the casing with coating on fuel or on inside of casing; with non-active interlayer between casing and active material with multiple casings or multiple active layers
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E30/00Energy generation of nuclear origin
    • Y02E30/30Nuclear fission reactors

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
  • Chemical Vapour Deposition (AREA)

Abstract

The surface of nuclear reactor structural components e.g. fuel cans is rendered corrosion resistant and capable of operating at high temperatures, by depositing on the surface one or more elements from a fine dispersion thereof in a gaseous atmosphere by electrical gas discharge e.g. a glow discharge. The elements specified are Si, C, Cr and Ni and are preferably atomized by cathodic disintegration, and the glow discharge intensity is maintained at a high level, e.g. 0.1 watts per cm.2, whereby the surface is heated, the deposited element diffuses into the surface, and the boundary layer on the surface assumes an ideal form of a regular crystal lattice. The cans may be made of zirconium or alloys thereof, but steel and aluminium may also be treated. A number of elements may be applied in succession, and a final coating of C formed from a carbon halide is preferred. Si may also be deposited from silicon halides. The surface may be connected as cathode for the glow discharge source, and an inert gas may also be present. Preferably the voltage for glow discharge is pulsed, and the surface is pre-cleaned by glow discharge, the ionized gas removing thereby the same amount of material as is subsequently deposited by the coating.
GB41966/62A 1961-11-06 1962-11-06 Method of increasing the efficiency of nuclear reactors Expired GB992677A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH1287561A CH416853A (en) 1961-11-06 1961-11-06 Process for improving the efficiency of nuclear reactors
CH1287461 1961-11-06
CH1287061A CH427453A (en) 1961-11-06 1961-11-06 Process for increasing the corrosion resistance of metal parts
CH1287361 1961-11-06
CH1287161 1961-11-06
CH1287261 1961-11-06
CH1286961A CH416259A (en) 1961-11-06 1961-11-06 Process for increasing the corrosion resistance of parts, of nuclear reactors

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
GB992677A true GB992677A (en) 1965-05-19

Family

ID=27561146

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
GB41966/62A Expired GB992677A (en) 1961-11-06 1962-11-06 Method of increasing the efficiency of nuclear reactors

Country Status (1)

Country Link
GB (1) GB992677A (en)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2174108A (en) * 1985-04-04 1986-10-29 Sharp Kk Method for forming a polycrystalline silicon thin film
FR2607616A1 (en) * 1986-12-01 1988-06-03 Framatome Sa NUCLEAR FUEL ASSEMBLY WITH COATED SHEATHES AND METHOD FOR COATING SUCH SHEATHES
ES2108599A1 (en) * 1992-12-28 1997-12-16 Gen Electric Hot argon cleaning and protective coating of components made of metal or alloy
RU2495154C2 (en) * 2012-01-10 2013-10-10 Российская Федерация, от имени которой выступает Государственная корпорация по атомной энергии "Росатом" Application method onto metal part of complex coating for protection of part against hydrogen corrosion, which consists of many microlayers

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2174108A (en) * 1985-04-04 1986-10-29 Sharp Kk Method for forming a polycrystalline silicon thin film
GB2174108B (en) * 1985-04-04 1989-07-19 Sharp Kk Method for forming a polycrystalline silicon thin film
FR2607616A1 (en) * 1986-12-01 1988-06-03 Framatome Sa NUCLEAR FUEL ASSEMBLY WITH COATED SHEATHES AND METHOD FOR COATING SUCH SHEATHES
EP0274297A1 (en) * 1986-12-01 1988-07-13 Framatome Nuclear fuel assembly comprising coated rods, and method for coating such rods
US4849160A (en) * 1986-12-01 1989-07-18 Framatome Nuclear fuel assembly with coated sheaths and a method of coating such sheaths
ES2108599A1 (en) * 1992-12-28 1997-12-16 Gen Electric Hot argon cleaning and protective coating of components made of metal or alloy
RU2495154C2 (en) * 2012-01-10 2013-10-10 Российская Федерация, от имени которой выступает Государственная корпорация по атомной энергии "Росатом" Application method onto metal part of complex coating for protection of part against hydrogen corrosion, which consists of many microlayers

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
DE3322680C2 (en)
US4490190A (en) Process for thermochemical treatments of metals by ionic bombardment
GB2322235A (en) Metals removal process
EP3102717B1 (en) Protective layer for pecvd graphite boats
DE1544190B2 (en) Method for introducing imperfections in diamond
GB992677A (en) Method of increasing the efficiency of nuclear reactors
JPS56155526A (en) Method of forming film
JPS55125267A (en) Surface treating method of improving abrasion resistance and corrosion resistance of iron and steel
US2831784A (en) Gastinger
JPS55151328A (en) Method and apparatus for fabricating hydrogen-containing amorphous semiconductor film
GB2078699A (en) Coating of metallic substrates
DE880244C (en) Method and device for applying in particular metallic protective layers to preferably band-shaped carriers
JPS5732643A (en) Annealing method of compound semiconductor single crystal
Drozhzhin et al. Investigation of gas discharge parameters during the plasma-electrolyte process of forming chromium coatings
Hay et al. Nitride hardening of a molybdenum-titanium alloy by glow discharge
JPS5467880A (en) Nuclear fuel rod
JP2765939B2 (en) Semiconductor thin film deposition method
JPS5690529A (en) Treatment of semiconductor device
JPS57104661A (en) Method for coating of metallic carbide film
JPS5913061A (en) Boriding method of steel material
JPS5627990A (en) Formation of semiconductor ohmic electrode
DE3038026A1 (en) METHOD AND INSTALLATION FOR CARBON ENHANCING A METALLIC SURFACE BY MEANS OF ION DISCHARGE
JPS5662959A (en) Blackening method for surface of metal
US3027449A (en) Surface heating of metals
JPS5562159A (en) Vacuum carburizing method