GB992677A - Method of increasing the efficiency of nuclear reactors - Google Patents
Method of increasing the efficiency of nuclear reactorsInfo
- Publication number
- GB992677A GB992677A GB41966/62A GB4196662A GB992677A GB 992677 A GB992677 A GB 992677A GB 41966/62 A GB41966/62 A GB 41966/62A GB 4196662 A GB4196662 A GB 4196662A GB 992677 A GB992677 A GB 992677A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- glow discharge
- elements
- deposited
- cans
- coating
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/22—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the process of coating
- C23C14/24—Vacuum evaporation
- C23C14/32—Vacuum evaporation by explosion; by evaporation and subsequent ionisation of the vapours, e.g. ion-plating
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/06—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the coating material
- C23C14/14—Metallic material, boron or silicon
- C23C14/16—Metallic material, boron or silicon on metallic substrates or on substrates of boron or silicon
- C23C14/165—Metallic material, boron or silicon on metallic substrates or on substrates of boron or silicon by cathodic sputtering
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C3/00—Reactor fuel elements and their assemblies; Selection of substances for use as reactor fuel elements
- G21C3/02—Fuel elements
- G21C3/04—Constructional details
- G21C3/06—Casings; Jackets
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C3/00—Reactor fuel elements and their assemblies; Selection of substances for use as reactor fuel elements
- G21C3/02—Fuel elements
- G21C3/04—Constructional details
- G21C3/16—Details of the construction within the casing
- G21C3/20—Details of the construction within the casing with coating on fuel or on inside of casing; with non-active interlayer between casing and active material with multiple casings or multiple active layers
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
- Chemical Vapour Deposition (AREA)
Abstract
The surface of nuclear reactor structural components e.g. fuel cans is rendered corrosion resistant and capable of operating at high temperatures, by depositing on the surface one or more elements from a fine dispersion thereof in a gaseous atmosphere by electrical gas discharge e.g. a glow discharge. The elements specified are Si, C, Cr and Ni and are preferably atomized by cathodic disintegration, and the glow discharge intensity is maintained at a high level, e.g. 0.1 watts per cm.2, whereby the surface is heated, the deposited element diffuses into the surface, and the boundary layer on the surface assumes an ideal form of a regular crystal lattice. The cans may be made of zirconium or alloys thereof, but steel and aluminium may also be treated. A number of elements may be applied in succession, and a final coating of C formed from a carbon halide is preferred. Si may also be deposited from silicon halides. The surface may be connected as cathode for the glow discharge source, and an inert gas may also be present. Preferably the voltage for glow discharge is pulsed, and the surface is pre-cleaned by glow discharge, the ionized gas removing thereby the same amount of material as is subsequently deposited by the coating.
Applications Claiming Priority (7)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CH1287561A CH416853A (en) | 1961-11-06 | 1961-11-06 | Process for improving the efficiency of nuclear reactors |
| CH1287461 | 1961-11-06 | ||
| CH1287061A CH427453A (en) | 1961-11-06 | 1961-11-06 | Process for increasing the corrosion resistance of metal parts |
| CH1287361 | 1961-11-06 | ||
| CH1287161 | 1961-11-06 | ||
| CH1287261 | 1961-11-06 | ||
| CH1286961A CH416259A (en) | 1961-11-06 | 1961-11-06 | Process for increasing the corrosion resistance of parts, of nuclear reactors |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB992677A true GB992677A (en) | 1965-05-19 |
Family
ID=27561146
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB41966/62A Expired GB992677A (en) | 1961-11-06 | 1962-11-06 | Method of increasing the efficiency of nuclear reactors |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| GB (1) | GB992677A (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2174108A (en) * | 1985-04-04 | 1986-10-29 | Sharp Kk | Method for forming a polycrystalline silicon thin film |
| FR2607616A1 (en) * | 1986-12-01 | 1988-06-03 | Framatome Sa | NUCLEAR FUEL ASSEMBLY WITH COATED SHEATHES AND METHOD FOR COATING SUCH SHEATHES |
| ES2108599A1 (en) * | 1992-12-28 | 1997-12-16 | Gen Electric | Hot argon cleaning and protective coating of components made of metal or alloy |
| RU2495154C2 (en) * | 2012-01-10 | 2013-10-10 | Российская Федерация, от имени которой выступает Государственная корпорация по атомной энергии "Росатом" | Application method onto metal part of complex coating for protection of part against hydrogen corrosion, which consists of many microlayers |
-
1962
- 1962-11-06 GB GB41966/62A patent/GB992677A/en not_active Expired
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2174108A (en) * | 1985-04-04 | 1986-10-29 | Sharp Kk | Method for forming a polycrystalline silicon thin film |
| GB2174108B (en) * | 1985-04-04 | 1989-07-19 | Sharp Kk | Method for forming a polycrystalline silicon thin film |
| FR2607616A1 (en) * | 1986-12-01 | 1988-06-03 | Framatome Sa | NUCLEAR FUEL ASSEMBLY WITH COATED SHEATHES AND METHOD FOR COATING SUCH SHEATHES |
| EP0274297A1 (en) * | 1986-12-01 | 1988-07-13 | Framatome | Nuclear fuel assembly comprising coated rods, and method for coating such rods |
| US4849160A (en) * | 1986-12-01 | 1989-07-18 | Framatome | Nuclear fuel assembly with coated sheaths and a method of coating such sheaths |
| ES2108599A1 (en) * | 1992-12-28 | 1997-12-16 | Gen Electric | Hot argon cleaning and protective coating of components made of metal or alloy |
| RU2495154C2 (en) * | 2012-01-10 | 2013-10-10 | Российская Федерация, от имени которой выступает Государственная корпорация по атомной энергии "Росатом" | Application method onto metal part of complex coating for protection of part against hydrogen corrosion, which consists of many microlayers |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| DE3322680C2 (en) | ||
| US4490190A (en) | Process for thermochemical treatments of metals by ionic bombardment | |
| GB2322235A (en) | Metals removal process | |
| EP3102717B1 (en) | Protective layer for pecvd graphite boats | |
| DE1544190B2 (en) | Method for introducing imperfections in diamond | |
| GB992677A (en) | Method of increasing the efficiency of nuclear reactors | |
| JPS56155526A (en) | Method of forming film | |
| JPS55125267A (en) | Surface treating method of improving abrasion resistance and corrosion resistance of iron and steel | |
| US2831784A (en) | Gastinger | |
| JPS55151328A (en) | Method and apparatus for fabricating hydrogen-containing amorphous semiconductor film | |
| GB2078699A (en) | Coating of metallic substrates | |
| DE880244C (en) | Method and device for applying in particular metallic protective layers to preferably band-shaped carriers | |
| JPS5732643A (en) | Annealing method of compound semiconductor single crystal | |
| Drozhzhin et al. | Investigation of gas discharge parameters during the plasma-electrolyte process of forming chromium coatings | |
| Hay et al. | Nitride hardening of a molybdenum-titanium alloy by glow discharge | |
| JPS5467880A (en) | Nuclear fuel rod | |
| JP2765939B2 (en) | Semiconductor thin film deposition method | |
| JPS5690529A (en) | Treatment of semiconductor device | |
| JPS57104661A (en) | Method for coating of metallic carbide film | |
| JPS5913061A (en) | Boriding method of steel material | |
| JPS5627990A (en) | Formation of semiconductor ohmic electrode | |
| DE3038026A1 (en) | METHOD AND INSTALLATION FOR CARBON ENHANCING A METALLIC SURFACE BY MEANS OF ION DISCHARGE | |
| JPS5662959A (en) | Blackening method for surface of metal | |
| US3027449A (en) | Surface heating of metals | |
| JPS5562159A (en) | Vacuum carburizing method |