GB396744A - Improvements in methods of and apparatus for assisting chemical reaction between gases and liquids - Google Patents

Abstract

In preparing mono-chlorhydrins from gaseous unsaturated hydrocarbons and hypochlorous acid, the fluids are supplied to a reaction chamber under pressure through one or more preliminary chambers of successively enlarged and reduced form, the pressure of each fluid being so proportioned relatively to its density that all the fluids traverse the reaction chamber at the same speed. The reaction chamber <PICT:0396744/IV/1> should be of even cross-section throughout or designed so that no eddies occur, and should be horizontal or nearly so to prevent gravitational effects, and may be surrounded by a suitable jacket to maintain the optimum temperature for the reaction. If the pressures used are sufficiently great to neglect the effect of gravity, the reaction chamber may be in a vertical position. According to the arrangement shown in the Figure, carbon dioxide, hypochlorous acid and an olefine are passed under pressure from the containers 4, 1, 4<1> into the preliminary chamber 6, the relative pressures, recorded on the manometers M, M<1>, M<11>, being regulated in accordance with the specific gravities of the fluids, and the supply of each being regulated by the valves R in stoichiometrical proportions. Intimate mixing of the fluids takes place in the chambers 7 and the mixture then passes through the reaction chamber 8 into a collecting vessel 9. If the reaction cannot be completed in a single reaction chamber as shown, owing to excess of one reactant or insufficient period of contact, continuous operation can be carried out in a series of such apparatus in which the unreacted component is passed through the reaction chambers in series and a fresh supply of the other component or components is introduced at each stage. Specifications 311,494, [Class 1 (i), Chemical processes &c.], and 340,503, [Group III], are referred to.ALSO:<PICT:0396744/III/1> In carrying out chemical reactions between gases and liquids, the fluids are supplied to a reaction chamber under pressure through one or more preliminary chambers of successively enlarged and reduced form, the pressure of each fluid being so proportioned relatively to its density that all the fluids traverse the reaction chamber at the same speed. The reaction chamber should be of even cross section throughout or designed so that no eddies occur, and should be horizontal or nearly so to avoid gravitational effects, and may be surrounded by a suitable jacket to maintain the optimum temperature for the particular reaction. If the pressures used are sufficiently great to neglect the effect of gravity, the reaction chamber may be in a vertical position. According to the arrangement shown in the Figure for the saturation of gaseous unsaturated hydrocarbons by hypochlorous acid, carbon dioxide, hypochlorous acid and an olefine are passed under pressure from the containers 4, 1 and 4<1> into the preliminary chamber 6, the relative pressures, recorded on the monometers M, M<1>, M<11> being regulated in accordance with the specific gravities of the fluids, and the supply of each being regulated by the valves R in strichiometric proportions. Intimate mixing of the fluids takes place in the chambers 7 and the mixture then passes through the reaction chamber 8 into a collecting vessel 9. If the reaction cannot be completed in a single reaction chamber as shown, owing to excess of one reactant or insufficient period of contact, continuous operation can be carried out in a series of such apparatus in which the unreacted component is passed through the reaction chambers in series and a fresh supply of the other component or components is introduced at each stage. Specifications 311,494, [Class 1 (i), Chemical processes &c.], and 340,503 are referred to.