GB360002A - Improvements in the manufacture and production of wetting, washing, emulsifying and dispersing agents - Google Patents

Abstract

Emulsifying agents are prepared by using more than one equivalent proportion of sulphur trioxide for the sulphonation of the destructive oxidation products of difficulty volatile, non-aromatic hydrocarbons, consisting of or containing mainly constituents having at least eight carbon atoms in the molecule, or fractions of such oxidation products, or products obtained therefrom by catalytic reduction, or by removing water and/or carbon dioxide. The products may be neutralized with alkali, ammonia, amines or other bases, e.g. mono-, di-, or tri-ethanolamines, cyclohexyldiethanolamine, dicyclo-hexylmonoethanolamine or pyridine. As starting materials are mentioned, the products obtained by oxidation with air, oxygen or nitrogen oxides, hard or soft paraffin wax, ceresin, heavy or middle oils, paraffin oils, petroleum or tar fractions, naphthenes and the products of the destructive hydrogenation of coal, brown coal, petroleums or tars. The oxidation products consist of high molecular alcohols, carboxylic acids, hydroxycarboxylic acids together with esters, lactones, and olefines obtained therefrom by splitting off water. In examples, the following starting materials are used for the sulphonation with sulphur trioxide, carbontetrachloride being used as a diluent in some cases: a mixture of olefines and alcohols obtained by oxidation of paraffin hydrocarbons containing at least ten carbon atoms such as a middle oil or a naphthene fraction, the mixture of alcohols, calculated to contain 10-20 carbon atoms in the molecule obtained by removing with soda the saponifiable matter from oxidized paraffin wax, a mixture of high molecular alcohols, carboxylic acids and oxycarboxylic acids obtained by oxidizing a middle oil, a mixture of high molecular carboxylic acids obtained by oxidizing paraffin wax, a mixture of high molecular alcohols obtained from oxidized difficultly volatile hydrocarbons by catalytic reduction according to Specifications 352,537 and 356,731 and olefines obtained according to Specification 347,620, [Group IV], by the distillation of hydroxycarboxylic acids formed by oxidation of a soft paraffin wax containing mineral oil. The use as starting materials of the fractions of the oxidized products according to Specifications 303,281, [Class 2 (iii), Dyes, &c.], and 352,512 is referred to. Specification 307,709, [Class 2 (iii), Dyes, &c.] also is referred to.ALSO:More than one equivalent proportion of sulphur trioxide is used for the sulphonation of the destructive oxidation products of difficulty volatile, nonaromatic hydrocarbons, consisting of or containing mainly constituents having at least eight carbon atoms in the molecule, or fractions of such oxidation products, or products obtained therefrom by catalytic reduction, or by removing water and/or carbon dioxide. The sulphonation may be effected in the presence of diluents, e.g. ether, chloroform, carbontetrachloride, ethylenechloride, trichlorethylene or nitrobenzene or of known sulphonation catalysts or surface active catalysts such as active carbon, silica gel or diatomaceous earth. The products may be neutralized with alkali, ammonia, amines or other bases, e.g. mono-, di-, or triethanolamines, cyclohexyldiethanolamine, dicyclohexylmonoethanolamine, prepared by condensing ethylene oxide with dicyclohexylamine according to Specification 297,484, [Class 2 (iii), Dyes, &c.], or pyridine. As starting materials are mentioned, the products obtained by oxidation with air, oxygen or nitrogen oxides, hard or soft paraffin wax, ceresin, heavy or middle oils, paraffin oils, petroleum or tar fractions, naphthenes, and the products of the destructive hydrogenation of coal, brown coal, petroleums or tars. The oxidation products consist of high molecular alcohols, carboxylic acids, hydroxycarboxylic acids together with esters, lactones and olefines obtained therefrom by splitting off water. In examples, the following starting materials are used for the sulphonation with sulphur trioxide, carbontetrachloride being used as a diluent in some cases: a mixture of olefines and alcohols obtained by oxidation of paraffin hydrocarbons containing at least ten carbon atoms such as a middle oil or a naphthene fraction, the mixture of alcohols, calculated to contain 10-20 carbon atoms in the molecule, obtained by removing with soda the saponifiable matter from oxidized paraffin wax, a mixture of high molecular alcohols, carboxylic acids and oxycarboxylic acids obtained by oxidizing a middle oil, a mixture of high molecular carboxylic acids obtained by oxidizing paraffin wax, a mixture of high molecular alcohols obtained from oxidized difficultly volatile hydrocarbons by catalytic reduction according to Specifications 352,537 and 356,731, and olefines obtained according to Specification 347,620 by the distillation of hydroxycarboxylic acids formed by oxidation of a soft paraffin wax containing mineral oil. In further examples, the sulphonated products derived from a mixture of olefines and alcohols obtained by oxidation of paraffin hydrocarbons are bleached with zinc dust and also with sodium hypochlorite. The use as starting materials of the fractions of the oxidized products obtained according to Specifications 303,281, [Class 2 (iii), Dyes, &c.], and 352,512 is referred to. The products are wetting, washing, emulsifying and dispersing agents, and may be used in the textile industry, e.g. in washing wool, carbonizing, mercerizing, dyeing, impregnating textiles, softening artificial silk and reserving wool and for making spinning melts and dyepastes. Specification 307,709, [Class 2 (iii), Dyes, &c.], also is referred to.