GB2610255A - In-situ drip infiltration reinforcement device and a drip infiltration reinforcement method for an earthen site - Google Patents
In-situ drip infiltration reinforcement device and a drip infiltration reinforcement method for an earthen site Download PDFInfo
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- GB2610255A GB2610255A GB2204493.7A GB202204493A GB2610255A GB 2610255 A GB2610255 A GB 2610255A GB 202204493 A GB202204493 A GB 202204493A GB 2610255 A GB2610255 A GB 2610255A
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- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 123
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 123
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 118
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 27
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 239000012744 reinforcing agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 96
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 66
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 48
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetraethyl orthosilicate Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)OCC BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- RQPZNWPYLFFXCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ba+2] RQPZNWPYLFFXCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910001863 barium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 16
- IYDGMDWEHDFVQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid;trioxotungsten Chemical compound O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.OP(O)(O)=O IYDGMDWEHDFVQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007596 consolidation process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920006289 polycarbonate film Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 16
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 12
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010952 in-situ formation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000620 organic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012779 reinforcing material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004901 spalling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D3/00—Improving or preserving soil or rock, e.g. preserving permafrost soil
- E02D3/12—Consolidating by placing solidifying or pore-filling substances in the soil
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D3/00—Improving or preserving soil or rock, e.g. preserving permafrost soil
- E02D3/02—Improving by compacting
- E02D3/10—Improving by compacting by watering, draining, de-aerating or blasting, e.g. by installing sand or wick drains
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D3/00—Improving or preserving soil or rock, e.g. preserving permafrost soil
- E02D3/11—Improving or preserving soil or rock, e.g. preserving permafrost soil by thermal, electrical or electro-chemical means
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Paleontology (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Consolidation Of Soil By Introduction Of Solidifying Substances Into Soil (AREA)
- Piles And Underground Anchors (AREA)
Abstract
An in-situ drip infiltration reinforcement device for an earthen site, comprising a drip tank 3, drip tubes 5, valves 6, a retractable bellows (fig. 3; 7), support rods 8, a flexible support frame 11, a plurality of rigid conduits 12; wherein the flexible support frame is a rectangle frame made of a flexible tube; each rigid conduit is arranged in parallel with each other within the frame of the flexible support frame, so both ends of each the rigid conduit are connected to the flexible support frame; the support rods have a plurality of rods and are divided into two groups and are mounted symmetrically on both sides of the flexible support frame, which is supported by each support rod and placed on a working surface; each support rod at the same side of the flexible support frame is hinged to the other by means of a folding guide rod 10, so that each support rod can be folded or opened; a plurality of retractable droppers 14 are mounted on the lower surface of each rigid conduit, and the centre distance between each adjacent retractable dropper is 10 cm; drip heads (fig. 5) are mounted at the lower end of each retractable dropper; the external drip tank is connected to the flexible support frame through a liquid guide tube 2; reinforcing agents in the drip tank are pumped into each rigid conduit connected to the flexible support frame through a liquid filling pump, and then liquid of reinforcing agents is fed into each retractable dropper, and the liquid is dripped and infiltrated to the ground through each drip head.
Description
In-situ Drip infiltration Reinforcement Device and a Drip infiltration Reinforcement Method for an Earthen Site
Technical field
The present invention relates to the field of heritage conservation, specifically to an in-situ drip infiltration reinforcement device and a drip infiltration reinforcement method for an earthen site in Northwest China.
Background
Earthen sites are ancient ruins using soil as the main building material, and are sites or places where human life, production, culture and religion have survived; they are immovable cultural relics and have extremely important historical, cultural and scientific values. The number of sites in China is large and widely distributed. In particular, the northwest region accounts for about 25% of the total number of earthen sites in the country; the scale, level and time span of the sites range from Neolithic to Tang, all of which are representative national treasure sites in China. Due to the climatic characteristics of aridity and low rainfall in the northwest, earthen sites have long been affected by sand and wind, concentrated heavy rainfall, rapid evaporation and huge temperature differences between day and night, and so on. This shows that the weathering issue is a research and research problem for the protection of earthen sites in the arid environment of northwest China.
Weathering protection and consolidation has always been a central issue in the conservation of earthen sites in the northwest. The most common and effective methods of weathering protection for earthen sites in the existing technology are mostly chemical reinforcement methods, in which inorganic, organic and organic-inorganic composites are chemically reinforced by drip infiltration and surface spraying to improve the resistance of the site soil to weathering. The strong weathering layer on the surface of the site can be 5-10cm thick, therefore, the reinforcement of the site soil requires the selection of a suitable in-situ drip infiltration and soil wetting and spraying process depending on the soil properties of the reinforced area of the site.
The existing technology usually uses drip infiltration and surface spraying to chemically reinforce the site soil, which simply cannot achieve effective reinforcement of the site soil to a sufficient depth. The reasons for this include the following two aspects: on the one aspect, anti-weathering reinforcement materials have been used to varying degrees in the conservation of Earthen sites, but each has its own drawbacks and limitations: inorganic reinforcement materials have the advantages of strong ageing resistance, long life and good compatibility, but in practice, as inorganic materials mostly choose water as the solvent, water-based solvents can easily produce a slab layer on the surface of the site due to drip infiltration or surface spraying under normal pressure on the surface of the site soil; at the same time, the inorganic reinforcing agent is in the form of ions in the water solution and has poor permeability. The solubility of frequently used trace inorganic salts is relatively low, and in order to improve its reinforcement effect it is often made into a suspension, which reduces the permeability of the reinforcing material and generates a local crust, and also causes obvious changes in the colour of the surface.
The use of organic polymer reinforcement materials, although the overall performance is excellent, with strong adhesive ability, water resistance, acid and alkali resistance and good permeability. However, such reinforcing agents use organic reagents as solvents, which are volatile and have a certain degree of permeability within the soil, but the faster volatility makes the interaction time with the soil insufficient. Although its short-term reinforcement effect is better than that of traditional materials, the infiltration depth has certain limitations, and the large stress difference between the reinforcement layer and the body layer will cause secondary damage such as cracking, spalling, deformation or even collapse of the soil site under long-term environmental temperature and humidity changes, which is not good for the long-term protection of the soil site. On the other hand, during the application of the reinforcing agent, the construction process has a strong influence on the reinforcement effect of the site itself. The traditional manual spraying cans are uneven, discontinuous, cover a small area and have a small depth of infiltration; while the normal pressure drip infiltration is a slow drip of the reinforcement solution into the soil using a small needle or a thin hose, and the amount and rate of drip infiltration are judged by manual experience, which can easily lead to uncontrollable implementation process and uneven treatment of the reinforced area; specific implementation processes have also been reported by using tools such as electric drills to create drip holes in the surface of the site soil and placing drip hoses inside the holes to increase their infiltration depth. However, this method on the one hand disturbs the site soil, in principle the method is irreversible and has a greater impact on the structural safety of the site soil, and the inappropriate location of the boreholes could cause the site to collapse, thus causing irreversible damage.
More importantly, the site soil in the northwest region was mainly selected for ramming with chalky clay or chalky sandy clay, or for direct excavation and construction with adobe masonry or slab masonry using raw clay, which is prone to disintegration in water. Based on the common characteristics of the soil materials in the northwest region and the fact that organic solvents are mostly used in the prior art as co-solvents to improve the permeability of the reinforcement materials, the organic solvents evaporate quickly, resulting in insufficient permeation depth. The uneven distribution of spraying or drip infiltration, the difference in the depth of spraying or drip infiltration, and the regional uneven reinforcement caused by superimposed infiltration are inevitable, making it difficult to achieve uniform reinforcement of the earthen site as a whole.
Content of the invention In order to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, such as uneven spraying or small drip area caused by manual spraying or drip infiltration; and uneven distribution of spraying or drip infiltration, differences in spraying or drip depth, and regional uneven reinforcement caused by superimposed infiltration, as well as the depth of infiltration caused by the fast evaporation of organic solvents, the invention proposes an in-situ drip infiltration reinforcement device and drip infiltration reinforcement method for an earthen site.
The proposed in situ drip infiltration reinforcement device for an earthen site, comprising a drip tank, drip tubes, valves, a retractable bellows, support rods, a flexible support frame, a plurality of rigid conduits; wherein the flexible support frame is a rectangle frame made of a flexible tube; each rigid conduit is arranged in parallel with each other within the frame of the flexible support frame, so both ends of each the rigid conduit are connected to the flexible support frame; the support rods have a plurality of rods and are divided into two groups and are mounted symmetrically on both sides of the flexible support frame, which is supported by each support rod and placed on a working surface; each support rod at the same side of the flexible support frame is hinged to the other by means of a folding guide rod, so that each support rod can be folded or opened; a plurality of retractable droppers are mounted on the lower surface of each rigid conduit, and the centre distance between each adjacent retractable dropper is 10 cm; drip heads are mounted at the lower end of each retractable dropper; the external drip tank is connected to the flexible support frame through a liquid guide tube; reinforcing agents in the drip tank are pumped into each rigid conduit connected to the flexible support frame through a liquid filling pump, and then liquid of reinforcing agents is fed into each retractable dropper, and the liquid is dripped and infiltrated to the ground through each drip head.
The drip head includes a conical guide tube, five valves and five drip tubes, the upper end of the conical guide tube is set in the lower end of the retractable dropper to interfere with each other; the five drip tubes, one drip tube is located in the centre of the lower end of the conical guide tube, the remaining four drip tubes are located on the circumference of the middle of the conical guide tube, so that there is an angle of 45° between the centre lines of the four drip tubes and the centre line of the conical guide tube; the centre distance between each adjacent drip tube outlet is 2-3 cm; a valve is installed on each the drip tube for adjusting the speed of dripping.
The retractable dropper includes the retractable bellows, a telescopic tube and a reservoir; the telescopic tube using existing technology, made of multiple sections of nested tubular rods, adjusting the distance between the drip head and the site surface by retracting/releasing each section of the rod; at the lower end of this telescopic tube there is the reservoir for collecting and storing the liquid flowing down from the telescopic tube; the upper end of the reservoir is fixedly connected to the telescopic tube through a connecting tube; the lower end of the reservoir has a connector for connecting to the conical guide tube on the drip head; the retractable bellows is mounted on the outer surface of the telescopic tube.
There are a plurality of the folding guide rods, hinged and mounted between the support rods by sliders; a base is mounted at the lower end of each support rod respectively.
There are a plurality of the sliders, respectively installed in the slots of each folding guide rod, the retraction and release of the in-situ drip infiltration reinforcement device is achieved through the sliding of each folding guide rod.
The anti-evaporation cover is made of a polycarbonate film, which is bonded to each support rod by Velcro to wrap each retractable dropper.
The present invention proposes the use of the drip infiltration reinforcement devices to implement drip reinforcement, in the following process: step 1, classifying the site soil geology and determining the thickness of the weathered layer of the site soil: the soil geology is divided into clay and sandy soils; the thickness of the weathered layer of the site soil is determined by measuring the thickness of the powder on the site surface; step 2, determining the depth of reinforcement infiltration: determining the depth of reinforcement infiltration D by equation (2) according to the determined degree of soil weathering D = d + j (2) where the unit of the depth D of the drip infiltration reinforcement is cm; d is the thickness of the weathered layer of the site soil; j is the thickness of the consolidation layer, j = 5 to 10 cm; step 3, determining the distance between the drip head outlet and the site surface at the location, when the site soil is sandy, the distance between the respective drip head outlet and the site surface is 1.5-2.5cm; when the site soil is sandy-clayey, the distance between the respective drip head outlet and the site surface is 1-2cm for clayey soil; step 4, cleaning the soil site surface; step 5, placing and adjusting drip infiltration reinforcement device; opening the drip infiltration reinforcement device and placing it on the site surface in the area to be drip reinforced; adjusting the distance between each drip head outlet and the site surface by adjusting the length of each retractable dropper according to the determined distance between the drip head outlet and the site surface; adjusting the valve on each drip tube according to the determined amount M of the reinforcing agents per hour to adjust the rate of dripping; attaching the anti-evaporation cover to each support rod; step 6, in-situ drip reinforcing of the site: dripping the reinforcing agents into the site soil using the drip infiltration reinforcement device to achieve solidification of the site soil; using an ethanol solution of oxalic acid and phosphotungstic acid, an ethanol solution of ethyl orthosilicate and an ethanol solution of barium hydroxide as reinforcing agents, which are dripped into the site sequentially through the in-situ drip infiltration reinforcement device for an earthen site; after completing the dripping, natural drying for 3 to 5 days, the first in-situ protective drip reinforcement is completed; repeating the process of the first in-situ protection drip infiltration reinforcement 2 to 3 times to complete the drip infiltration reinforcement of the site soil in the area.
The specific process of in-situ drip infiltration reinforcement is: adding the ethanol solution of oxalic acid and phosphotungstic acid to the drip tank; turning on the liquid filling pump and injecting the ethanol solution of oxalic acid and phosphotungstic acid into each rigid conduit, and into each reservoir through the retractable droppers, and then dripping through the drip heads onto the site surface; monitoring the reinforcement infiltration depth D of the ethanol solution of oxalic acid and phosphotungstic acid by sensors, and when the reinforcement infiltration depth D reaches the designed depth, turning off the liquid filling pump; the drip infiltration reinforcement of the ethanol solution of oxalic acid and phosphotungstic acid is completed; and adding the ethanol solution of ethyl orthosilicate to the drip tank; turning on the liquid filling pump and injecting the ethanol solution of ethyl orthosilicate into each rigid conduit, and into each reservoir through the retractable droppers, and then dripping through the drip heads onto the site surface; monitoring the reinforcement infiltration depth D of the ethanol solution of ethyl orthosilicate by sensors, and when the reinforcement infiltration depth D reaches the designed depth, turning off the liquid filling pump; the drip infiltration reinforcement of the ethanol solution of ethyl orthosilicate completed; and adding the ethanol solution of barium hydroxide to the drip tank; turning on the liquid filling pump and injecting the ethanol solution of barium hydroxide into each rigid conduit, and into each reservoir through the retractable droppers, and then dripping through the drip heads onto the site surface; monitoring the reinforcement infiltration depth D of the ethanol solution of barium hydroxide by sensors, and when the reinforcement infiltration depth D reaches the designed depth, turning off the liquid filling pump; the drip infiltration reinforcement of the ethanol solution of barium hydroxide is completed.
The present invention overcomes the defects of the prior art in the process of in-situ protection of Earthen sites, where the manual spraying or drip infiltration operation is uneven or the drip infiltration area is small, and solves the defects of uneven distribution of spraying or drip infiltration, differences in the depth of spraying or drip infiltration, and regional uneven reinforcement caused by superimposed infiltration, formed by operating time differences.
Compared to the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: the drip infiltration is uniform and controllable, the automated set-up saves labour and avoids the problems of uneven distribution of spraying or drip infiltration, differences in spraying or drip infiltration depth and regional uneven reinforcement caused by superimposed infiltration due to poor manual operation time. This allows the site to be covered by a controlled infiltration device, so that the reinforcement reagents can drip and infiltrate uniformly on the surface of the site, thus allowing the reinforcement material to drip and infiltrate evenly on the surface of the site and to fully interact with the soil; in addition, the evaporation cover of the drip and infiltration cover device can also control the evaporation rate of the reinforcement to a certain extent, ensuring the infiltration depth of the reinforcement material.
The invention achieves a comprehensive and effective uniform coverage of the reinforcement material on the surface of the site through a controlled infiltration device, ensuring uniform distribution of the reinforcement material on the surface of the site, while controlling the evaporation rate of the reinforcement agent to ensure deep infiltration of the reinforcement material. The feed system, in the form of alternating drops of infiltration, achieves the in-situ formation of a cross-linked reinforcement network on the site. The power system is based on solar panels and batteries, which enable the drip infiltration device to work on standby for long periods of time. The invention is simple to operate and improves the infiltration depth and in situ cross-linking of the reinforcement material by means of the drip infiltration device and the feed system, thus improving the reinforcement effect of the whole site.
Description of the attached drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the in-situ drip infiltration reinforcement device.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the in-situ drip infiltration reinforcement device with the evaporation hood removed.
Fig. 3 is a schematic Fig. 4 is a schematic Fig. 5 is a schematic Fig. 6 is a schematic Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram diagram diagram diagram diagram of the structure of the retractable dropper.
of the structure of the inner rod.
of the structure of the drip heads.
of the structure of the support rods.
of the structure of the sliders.
Fig. 8 is a drip infiltration reinforcement device with anti-evaporation cover.
In the figure: 1. anti-evaporation cover; 2. liquid guide tube; 3. drip tank; 4. base; 5. drip tube; 6. valve; 7. retractable bellows; 8. support rod; 9. slider; 10. folding guide rod 11. flexible support frame; 12. rigid conduit; 13. telescopic tube; 14. retractable dropper 15. conical guide tube; 16. reservoir.
Embodiments: The present invention is an in-situ drip infiltration reinforcement device for clay-like soil sites in the northwest, comprising an anti-evaporation cover 1, a drip tank 3, a drip tube 5, a valve 6, a retractable bellows 7, a support rod 8, a flexible support frame 11, and a plurality of rigid conduits 12. Said flexible support frame 11 is a rectangle frame, made of a flexible tube. Each said rigid conduit 12 is arranged in parallel with each other within the frame of the flexible support frame, and the ends of each the rigid conduit are connected to the flexible support frame. The support rods 8 have a plurality of rods and are divided into two groups and are mounted symmetrically on each side of the flexible support frame, which is supported by each support rod 8 and placed on a working surface; each support rod at the same side of the flexible support frame is hinged to the other by means of a folding guide rod 10, so that each support rod can be folded or opened; a plurality of retractable droppers 14 are mounted on the lower surface of each rigid conduit 12, and the centre distance between each adjacent retractable dropper is cm; drip heads are mounted at the lower end of each retractable dropper; the external drip tank 3 is connected to the flexible support frame 11 through a liquid guide tube 2; reinforcing agents in the drip tank are pumped into each rigid conduit 12 connected to the flexible support frame 11 through a liquid filling pump, and then liquid of reinforcing agents is fed into each retractable dropper, and the liquid is dripped and infiltrated to the ground through each drip head. To prevent evaporation, the anti-evaporation cover 1 is wrapped around the outer circumference of the flexible support frame 11; the cover is made of polycarbonate film, which is bonded to the support rods by Velcro, encasing the retractable droppers 14.
Each of said drip heads has the same structure. The drip head includes a conical guide tube 15, five valves 6 and five drip tubes 5, the upper end of the conical guide tube is set in the lower end of the retractable dropper 14 to interfere with each other; the five drip tubes, one drip tube is located in the centre of the lower end of the conical guide tube, the remaining four drip tubes are located on the circumference of the middle of the conical guide tube, so that there is an angle of 45° between the centre lines of the four drip tubes and the centre line of the conical guide tube 15; the centre distance between each adjacent drip tube outlet is 2-3 cm; a valve 6 is installed on each the drip tube for adjusting the speed of dripping.
The retractable dropper 14 includes the retractable bellows 7, a telescopic tube 13 and a reservoir 16; the telescopic tube using existing technology, made of multiple sections of nested tubular rods, adjusting the distance between the drip head and the site surface by retracting/releasing each section of the rod. In this embodiment, said telescopic tube consists of three sections. At the lower end of this telescopic tube there is the reservoir for collecting and storing the liquid flowing down from the telescopic tube; the upper end of the reservoir is fixedly connected to the telescopic tube through a connecting tube; the lower end of the reservoir has a connector for connecting to the conical guide tube on the drip head; the retractable bellows is mounted on the outer surface of the telescopic tube.
There are several folding guide rods 10, which are hinged and mounted between the support rods 8 by means of sliders 9 in the usual way. A base 4 is mounted at the lower end of each support rod respectively.
The slider 9 has a plurality of "T." shaped sliders, which are fitted in the middle of the slots of the folding guide rod 10, so that the sliding of the folding guide rod enables the in-situ drip reinforcement device to be retracted/retracted.
The invention also proposes a method for the drip infiltration reinforcement of an earthen site using the said in-situ drip infiltration reinforcement device, in the following method.
Step 1, classifying the site soil geology and determining the thickness of the weathered layer of the site soil: The soil geological classification of the drip infiltration area and the degree of weathering of the site soils are obtained by conventional methods. the soil geology is divided into clay and sandy soils; the thickness of the weathered layer of the site soil is determined by measuring the thickness of the powder on the site surface; step 2, determining the depth of reinforcement infiltration: determining the depth of reinforcement infiltration D by equation (2) according to the determined degree of soil weathering D = d + j (2) where the unit of the depth D of the drip infiltration reinforcement is cm; d is the thickness of the weathered layer of the site soil; j is the thickness of the consolidation layer, j = 5 to 10 cm; step 3, determining the distance between the drip head outlet and the site surface at the location, In order to avoid damage to the site surface by the erosion pits formed by the impact of the liquid, the distance between the drip head outlet and the site surface is required.
when the site soil is sandy, the distance between the respective drip head outlet and the site surface is 1.5-2.5cm; when the site soil is sandy-clayey, the distance between the respective drip head outlet and the site surface is 1-2cm for clayey soil; step 4, cleaning the soil site surface; using brushes to remove floating dust and impurities from the site surface. Step 5, placing and adjusting drip infiltration reinforcement device; opening the drip infiltration reinforcement device and placing it on the site surface in the area to be drip reinforced; adjusting the distance between each drip head outlet and the site surface by adjusting the length of each retractable dropper according to the determined distance between the drip head outlet and the site surface; adjusting the valve on each drip tube according to the determined amount M of the reinforcing agents per hour to adjust the rate of dripping; attaching the anti-evaporation cover to each support rod, to reduce the evaporation of the reinforcing agent during the drip infiltration process.
Step 6, in-situ drip reinforcing of the site: dripping the reinforcing agents into the site soil using the drip infiltration reinforcement device to achieve solidification of the site soil; using an ethanol solution of oxalic acid and phosphotungstic acid, an ethanol solution of ethyl orthosilicate and an ethanol solution of barium hydroxide as reinforcing agents, which are dripped into the site sequentially through the in-situ drip infiltration reinforcement device for an earthen site. There are three types of said reinforcing agents, namely an ethanol solution of oxalic acid and phosphotungstic acid, an ethanol solution of ethyl orthosilicate and an ethanol solution of barium hydroxide, all developed by Shaanxi Normal University for the conservation of earthen sites in the western region.
The reinforcing agents are disclosed in "A method of reinforcing high sand weight soil sites", publication number CN105604341A, and "Machine preparation and reinforcing method of anti-weathering reinforcing agent for loess sites", publication number CN101935531A.
Specifically.
adding the ethanol solution of oxalic acid and phosphotungstic acid to the drip tank; turning on the liquid filling pump and injecting the ethanol solution of oxalic acid and phosphotungstic acid into each rigid conduit, and into each reservoir through the retractable droppers, and then dripping through the drip heads onto the site surface; monitoring the reinforcement infiltration depth D of the ethanol solution of oxalic acid and phosphotungstic acid by sensors, and when the reinforcement infiltration depth D reaches the designed depth, turning off the liquid filling pump; the drip infiltration reinforcement of the ethanol solution of oxalic acid and phosphotungstic acid is completed; and adding the ethanol solution of ethyl orthosilicate to the drip tank; turning on the liquid filling pump and injecting the ethanol solution of ethyl orthosilicate into each rigid conduit, and into each reservoir through the retractable droppers, and then dripping through the drip heads onto the site surface; monitoring the reinforcement infiltration depth D of the ethanol solution of ethyl orthosilicate by sensors, and when the reinforcement infiltration depth D reaches the designed depth, turning off the liquid filling pump; the drip infiltration reinforcement of the ethanol solution of ethyl orthosilicate completed; and adding the ethanol solution of barium hydroxide to the drip tank; turning on the liquid filling pump and injecting the ethanol solution of barium hydroxide into each rigid conduit, and into each reservoir through the retractable droppers, and then dripping through the drip heads onto the site surface; monitoring the reinforcement infiltration depth D of the ethanol solution of barium hydroxide by sensors, and when the reinforcement infiltration depth D reaches the designed depth, turning off the liquid filling pump; the drip infiltration reinforcement of the ethanol solution of barium hydroxide is completed.
After completing the dripping, natural drying for 3 to 5 days, the first in-situ drip infiltration reinforcement is completed.
Repeating the process of the first in-situ protection drip infiltration reinforcement 2 to 3 times to complete the drip infiltration reinforcement of the site soil in the area, to increase the strength of the site soils.
Claims (9)
- Claims: 1. An in-situ drip infiltration reinforcement device for an earthen site, comprising a drip tank, drip tubes, valves, a retractable bellows, support rods, a flexible support frame, a plurality of rigid conduits; wherein the flexible support frame is a rectangle frame made of a flexible tube; each rigid conduit is arranged in parallel with each other within the frame of the flexible support frame, so both ends of each the rigid conduit are connected to the flexible support frame; the support rods have a plurality of rods and are divided into two groups and are mounted symmetrically on both sides of the flexible support frame, which is supported by each support rod and placed on a working surface; each support rod at the same side of the flexible support frame is hinged to the other by means of a folding guide rod, so that each support rod can be folded or opened; a plurality of retractable droppers are mounted on the lower surface of each rigid conduit, and the centre distance between each adjacent retractable dropper is 10 cm; drip heads are mounted at the lower end of each retractable dropper; the external drip tank is connected to the flexible support frame through a liquid guide tube; reinforcing agents in the drip tank are pumped into each rigid conduit connected to the flexible support frame through a liquid filling pump, and then liquid of reinforcing agents is fed into each retractable dropper, and the liquid is dripped and infiltrated to the ground through each drip head.
- 2. The in-situ drip infiltration reinforcement device for an earthen site of claim 1, wherein the drip head includes a conical guide tube, five valves and five drip tubes, the upper end of the conical guide tube is set in the lower end of the retractable dropper to interfere with each other; the five drip tubes, one drip tube is located in the centre of the lower end of the conical guide tube, the remaining four drip tubes are located on the circumference of the middle of the conical guide tube, so that there is an angle of 45° between the centre lines of the four drip tubes and the centre line of the conical guide tube; the centre distance between each adjacent drip head outlet is 2-3 cm; a valve is installed on each the drip tube for adjusting the speed of dripping.
- 3. The in-situ drip infiltration reinforcement device for an earthen site of claim 1, wherein the retractable dropper includes the retractable bellows, a telescopic tube and a reservoir; the telescopic tube using existing technology, made of multiple sections of nested tubular rods, adjusting the distance between the drip head and the site surface by retracting/releasing each section of the rod; at the lower end of this telescopic tube there is the reservoir for collecting and storing the liquid flowing down from the telescopic tube; the upper end of the reservoir is fixedly connected to the telescopic tube through a connecting tube; the lower end of the reservoir has a connector for connecting to the conical guide tube on the drip head; the retractable bellows is mounted on the outer surface of the telescopic tube.
- 4. The in-situ drip infiltration reinforcement device for an earthen site of claim 1, wherein there are a plurality of the folding guide rods, hinged and mounted between the support rods by sliders; a base is mounted at the lower end of each support rod respectively.
- 5. The in-situ drip infiltration reinforcement device for an earthen site of claim 1, wherein there are a plurality of the sliders, respectively installed in the slots of each folding guide rod, the retraction and release of the in-situ drip infiltration reinforcement device is achieved through the sliding of each folding guide rod.
- 6. The in-situ drip infiltration reinforcement device for an earthen site of claim 1, wherein there is an anti-evaporation cover wrapped around the outer circumference of the flexible support frame.
- 7. The in-situ drip infiltration reinforcement device for an earthen site of claim 6, wherein the anti-evaporation cover is made of a polycarbonate film, which is bonded to each support rod by Velcro to wrap each retractable dropper.
- 8. A method for drip infiltration reinforcement using the in-situ drip infiltration reinforcement device for an earthen site of claim 1, wherein the method comprises: step 1, classifying the site soil geology and determining the thickness of the weathered layer of the site soil: the soil geology is divided into clay and sandy soils; the thickness of the weathered layer of the site soil is determined by measuring the thickness of the powder on the site surface; step 2, determining the depth of reinforcement infiltration: determining the depth of reinforcement infiltration D by equation (2) according to the determined degree of soil weathering D = d + j (2) where the unit of the depth D of the drip infiltration reinforcement is cm; d is the thickness of the weathered layer of the site soil; j is the thickness of the consolidation layer, j = 5 to 10 cm; step 3, determining the distance between the drip head outlet and the site surface at the location, when the site soil is sandy, the distance between the respective drip head outlet and the site surface is 1.5-2.5cm; when the site soil is sandy-clayey, the distance between the respective drip head outlet and the site surface is 1-2cm for clayey soil; step 4, cleaning the soil site surface; step 5, placing and adjusting drip infiltration reinforcement device; opening the drip infiltration reinforcement device and placing it on the site surface in the area to be drip reinforced; adjusting the distance between each drip head outlet and the site surface by adjusting the length of each retractable dropper according to the determined distance between the drip head outlet and the site surface; adjusting the valve on each drip tube according to the determined amount M of the reinforcing agents per hour to adjust the rate of dripping; attaching the anti-evaporation cover to each support rod; step 6, in-situ drip reinforcing of the site: dripping the reinforcing agents into the site soil using the drip infiltration reinforcement device to achieve solidification of the site soil; using an ethanol solution of oxalic acid and phosphotungstic acid, an ethanol solution of ethyl orthosilicate and an ethanol solution of barium hydroxide as reinforcing agents, which are dripped into the site sequentially through the in-situ drip infiltration reinforcement device for an earthen site; after completing the dripping, natural drying for 3 to 5 days, the first in-situ drip infiltration reinforcement is completed; repeating the process of the first in-situ protection drip infiltration reinforcement 2 to 3 times to complete the drip infiltration reinforcement of the site soil in the area.
- 9. The method for drip infiltration reinforcement of claim 8, wherein the method of in situ drip infiltration reinforcement of the site comprises adding the ethanol solution of oxalic acid and phosphotungstic acid to the drip tank; turning on the liquid filling pump and injecting the ethanol solution of oxalic acid and phosphotungstic acid into each rigid conduit, and into each reservoir through the retractable droppers, and then dripping through the drip heads onto the site surface; monitoring the reinforcement infiltration depth D of the ethanol solution of oxalic acid and phosphotungstic acid by sensors, and when the reinforcement infiltration depth D reaches the designed depth, turning off the liquid filling pump; the drip infiltration reinforcement of the ethanol solution of oxalic acid and phosphotungstic acid is completed; and adding the ethanol solution of ethyl orthosilicate to the drip tank; turning on the liquid filling pump and injecting the ethanol solution of ethyl orthosilicate into each rigid conduit, and into each reservoir through the retractable droppers, and then dripping through the drip heads onto the site surface; monitoring the reinforcement infiltration depth D of the ethanol solution of ethyl orthosilicate by sensors, and when the reinforcement infiltration depth D reaches the designed depth, turning off the liquid filling pump; the drip infiltration reinforcement of the ethanol solution of ethyl orthosilicate completed; and adding the ethanol solution of barium hydroxide to the drip tank; turning on the liquid filling pump and injecting the ethanol solution of barium hydroxide into each rigid conduit, and into each reservoir through the retractable droppers, and then dripping through the drip heads onto the site surface; monitoring the reinforcement infiltration depth D of the ethanol solution of barium hydroxide by sensors, and when the reinforcement infiltration depth D reaches the designed depth, turning off the liquid filling pump; the drip infiltration reinforcement of the ethanol solution of barium hydroxide is completed.
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| CN202110965870.2A CN113565085B (en) | 2021-08-23 | 2021-08-23 | In-situ drip infiltration reinforcing device and method for earthen site |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| KR200325181Y1 (en) * | 2003-06-02 | 2003-08-30 | (주)동양공조 | A sprinkler |
| CN106638558A (en) * | 2016-11-18 | 2017-05-10 | 华北水利水电大学 | High-pressure jet grouting device for civil engineering |
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| GB1534300A (en) * | 1975-10-01 | 1978-11-29 | Int Synthetic Rubber | Machine and method for injection of stabilizing liquid into the surface of soil |
| US6305764B1 (en) * | 2000-03-27 | 2001-10-23 | Production Assembly Service, Inc. | Industrial component holder assembly and rack |
| US6796746B2 (en) * | 2002-10-22 | 2004-09-28 | Bachtel Bwxt Idaho, Llc | Subterranean drilling and in situ treatment of wastes using a contamination control system and methods relating thereto |
| JP2005282127A (en) * | 2004-03-30 | 2005-10-13 | Front Engineering Kk | Winder of flexible injection pipe, pull-up device and hoisting/pull-up device unit |
| KR20090094734A (en) * | 2008-03-03 | 2009-09-08 | 주식회사 세이프씨앤이 | The method of wall stability by extension of bond diameter |
| CN202007401U (en) * | 2011-03-21 | 2011-10-12 | 敦煌研究院 | Device for reinforcing earthen sites by means of PS (polystyrene) dripping permeation |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR200325181Y1 (en) * | 2003-06-02 | 2003-08-30 | (주)동양공조 | A sprinkler |
| CN106638558A (en) * | 2016-11-18 | 2017-05-10 | 华北水利水电大学 | High-pressure jet grouting device for civil engineering |
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| GB2610255B (en) | 2023-12-13 |
| CN113565085B (en) | 2022-11-29 |
| GB202204493D0 (en) | 2022-05-11 |
| CN113565085A (en) | 2021-10-29 |
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