GB2467845A - Apparatus and method of marine based carbon sequestration - Google Patents
Apparatus and method of marine based carbon sequestration Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2467845A GB2467845A GB1002474A GB201002474A GB2467845A GB 2467845 A GB2467845 A GB 2467845A GB 1002474 A GB1002474 A GB 1002474A GB 201002474 A GB201002474 A GB 201002474A GB 2467845 A GB2467845 A GB 2467845A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- light
- energy
- marine
- emitting light
- harvester
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 230000009919 sequestration Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 14
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229930002875 chlorophyll Natural products 0.000 description 4
- 235000019804 chlorophyll Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- ATNHDLDRLWWWCB-AENOIHSZSA-M chlorophyll a Chemical compound C1([C@@H](C(=O)OC)C(=O)C2=C3C)=C2N2C3=CC(C(CC)=C3C)=[N+]4C3=CC3=C(C=C)C(C)=C5N3[Mg-2]42[N+]2=C1[C@@H](CCC(=O)OC\C=C(/C)CCC[C@H](C)CCC[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)[C@H](C)C2=C5 ATNHDLDRLWWWCB-AENOIHSZSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000029553 photosynthesis Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010672 photosynthesis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001932 seasonal effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 241000195493 Cryptophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000002835 absorbance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005431 greenhouse gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000011785 micronutrient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013369 micronutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000002639 sodium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004936 stimulating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013517 stratification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002352 surface water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000032258 transport Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B41/00—Equipment or details not covered by groups E21B15/00 - E21B40/00
- E21B41/005—Waste disposal systems
- E21B41/0057—Disposal of a fluid by injection into a subterranean formation
- E21B41/0064—Carbon dioxide sequestration
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G33/00—Cultivation of seaweed or algae
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/42—Coupling light guides with opto-electronic elements
- G02B6/4298—Coupling light guides with opto-electronic elements coupling with non-coherent light sources and/or radiation detectors, e.g. lamps, incandescent bulbs, scintillation chambers
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02C—CAPTURE, STORAGE, SEQUESTRATION OR DISPOSAL OF GREENHOUSE GASES [GHG]
- Y02C20/00—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases
- Y02C20/40—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases of CO2
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Seaweed (AREA)
- Physical Water Treatments (AREA)
Abstract
Apparatus for marine-based carbon sequestration comprises a device301comprising an energy source307, an energy conduit308for transferring energy from the source to a deeper marine level, and means309for emitting light from the conduit at a deeper marine level powered by the energy source307whereby to provide a light zone for promoting organic growth305. The energy source307may be a solar cell array energy harvester. The light may be provided at or below a thermocline320. The method comprises the steps of providing a solar light harvester, an electrical conduit for transferring energy from the harvester and providing means for emitting light at a deeper marine level.
Description
Improvements in or Relating to Carbon Sequestration The present invention relates generally to improvements in or relating to carbon sequestration and particularly to a marine-based carbon sequestration device and a marine-based method of carbon sequestration.
Increasing levels of the greenhouse gas, carbon dioxide, are a major cause of climate change on Earth. There is therefore an urgent need to find innovative and novel methods for increased carbon sequestration. This involves taking carbon dioxide from the atmosphere or the ocean and incorporating the carbon into materials into which it will be securely bound for many years.
Plants remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and/or the oceans through photosynthesis, which is the basis of their life and growth. This form of carbon sequestration is very important but is in general relatively short-lived. For example, the woody material of trees may exist for one hundred years but then the material rots and releases carbon dioxide back into the atmosphere. In the oceans, sequestration through phytoplankton production is limited by the availability of nutrients and by the continuous recycling of organic material in the mixed layer of the photic zone at or close to the water surface.
Various marine-based solutions have previously been proposed, including the pumping of nutrient rich water from the deep ocean up to the photic zone, or tertilising the photic zone with limiting micronutrients (such as iron). In both cases the intention is to stimulate the growth of phytoplankton and in doing so to increase the uptake of carbon dioxide for sequestration. However, the increased phytoplankton growth occurs at or towards the surface of the water and a high proportion of the carbon dioxide is respired back into the atmosphere.
The present invent ion seeks to address the problems with known carbon sequestration techniques.
According to a first aspect of the present invention there is provided a marine-based carbon sequestration device comprising: an energy source; an energy conduit for transferring energy from the source to a deeper marine level; and means for emitting light from the conduit at the deeper marine level powered by the energy source whereby to provide a light zone for promoting organic growth.
According to a second aspect of the present invention there is provided a marine-based method of carbon sequestration, comprising the steps of: providing a light harvester; providing an electrical conduit for transferring energy from the harvester to a deeper marine level; and providing means for emitting light at the deeper marine tevel powered by the transferred energy whereby to provide a light zone for promoting organic growth.
The present invention is based on the concept that in order to provide an environmental benefit not only must primary production be promoted, but the results of the production must lead to long-term sequestration. Production can be increased by providing something which is limiting, and the present invention provides a light zone away from the photic zone of a marine environment where a naturally nutrient rich environment can support increased primary production. Furthermore, rather than enhancing production in the photic zone within reach of the surface where by being consumed or metabolised the carbon may return to the atmosphere. by stimulating the production in the deep sea a large proportion of the resulting organic material will sink to greater depths. The organic material will then be incorporated into deep seabed sediments and remain sequestered fOr thousands if not millions of years. The recycling time may be on a geological scale, for example with the seabed being subducted into volcanoes.
The intention of the present invention is therefore to create a sink in deep marine environments which will draw carbon dioxide down from the atmosphere through the photic zone and into a phytoplankton bloom stimulated by an artificial light zone.
The device may further comprise light filtering means. The present invention encompasses both unfiltered and filtered light. However, filtered light may provide certain advantages.
The approximate absorbance maxima of green chlorophyll are 430nm and 662nm and therefore light in the region of these values may be filtered for emission to promote photosynthesis.
Blue light may be preferred for some applications and the filtering means may provide light wavelengths selected from the range 400 to 550nm for emission.
The filtering means may remove red light to stop localised warming of the water.
Ultraviolet light may also be removed.
The depth of emission may be variable. This could be particularly useful if the optimum depth for a light zone is not constant.
The depth of emission may be varied in response to changes in temperature, light intensity or pressure. In some embodiments an array of temperature sensors are provided on the device and a feedback loop is used to adjust the emission depth to optimise production and sequestration.
The harvester may be positioned above, at or in the vicinity of the water surface. This may necessitate some means of preventing accumulation of sea salt spray. such as a cover or canopy.
The harvester may comprise or form part of a buoy. A floating device would be simple to install and could be tethered or untethered.
The means for emitting light may comprise a point source, or may comprise a diffuser.
This may be dependant on the type of organic growth which is to be promoted.
Biofouling is the undesirable accumulation of microorganisms, plants, algae, and animals on submerged structures. The device may comprise anti-biofouling means.
This could be particularly relevant for the emission means to prevent intensity reduction or loss of the light zone. Various coatings are known (such as copper and copper-based compounds) which could be used, or a regular cleaning programme could be established.
It is noted that stratified marine environments may be particularly well suited to the present invention. Stratified environments include a thermocline, which is a thin but distinct layer in a large body of water, such as an ocean, sea or lake, in which the temperature changes more rapidly with depth than it does in the layers above or below. The thermocline may be thought of as an invisible blanket or barrier which separates an upper mixed layer from a calm deep layer below. Depending largely on season, latitude and turbulent mixing by wind, thermoclines may be a permanent or semi-permanent feature of the body of water in which they occur, or they may form temporarily in response to phenomena such as the radiative heating/cooling of surface water during the day/night. Factors that affect the depth and thickness of a thermocline include seasonal weather variations, latitude and local environmental conditions, such as tides and currents.
Thermoclines are a barrier to mixing between the upper mixed layer and the calm deep layer and thus primary production stimulated below a thermocline is more tikely to lead to organic material which sinks and becomes incorporated into sea sediment.
It is considered that the range +/-30° latitude represents a good area for stable thermoclines. Temperate oceans display more seasonal stratification and may be useful for different applications of the present invention.
The means for emitting light may be adapted to provide the light zone at between 50 to 200m below the water surface.
Thermoclines often form at around 100 to l5Orn below the surface. The means for emitting light may be adapted to provide the light zone at or below a thermocline, for example at up to lOOm below a thermocline.
The deep chlorophyll maximum (DCM) is a sub-surface maximum in the concentration of chlorophyll in the ocean or other bodies of water. The means for emitting light may be adapted to provide the light zone in the region of the DCM.
Although it may not be possible in all circumstances, a device with no moving parts is considered to be particularly advantageous because of the reduction in potential for breakdown and damage, and because of the removal or reduction of maintenance required.
An array or flotilla of devices may be deployed effectively to create an enlarged light zone. This reduces the chances of ocean currents moving phytoplankton away from the light zone.
The present invention will now be more particularly described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: Figure 1 is a schematic overview of the sequestration method of the present invention; Figure 2 is a schematic representation of a sequestration device formed according to a first aspect of the present invention; Figure 3 is a schematic representation of a sequestration device formed according to an alternative embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention; Figure 4 is a schematic representation of a sequestration device formed according to a further embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention; and Figure 5 is a schematic representation of a sequestration device formed according to a third aspect of the present invention.
Referring first to Figure 1 there is shown a marine environment, in this case an oceanic region, generally indicated 10. The region 10 includes a thermocline 20 which separates the region into a mixed layer 30 and a below mixed layer 40. A deep chlorophyll maximum region 50 is present in the region of the thermocline 20.
On the left hand side of the Figure the natural state of the region 10 is illustrated, with the mixed layer 30 characterised by a photic zone with high light levels, low nutrients and low primary production; and the below mixed layer 40 characterised by low or no light, high nutrients and no or low primary production. The result is that carbon export from the below mixed layer to the seabed is low.
On the right hand side of the Figure some of the principles of the present invention are illustrated. A light catcher 60 is provided for collecting solar light and reflecting it info a light conduit 70 which transports captured light through the mixed layer 30 and below the thermocline 20 whereupon it is emitted to form a light zone 80 resulting in increased primary production and consequential increase in carbon export to the sea bed. The thermocline acts as a barrier to prevent exchange of material back into the mixed layer and accordingly carbon dioxide passes from the atmosphere into the mixed layer, through the thermocline and is used in the primary production in the light zone 80 so that the light zone 80 effectively becomes a carbon sink.
The organic material in the bloom 50 will die or be respired. A large proportion of the material may fall directly to the ocean bed whilst some may be recycled but also eventually sequestered into deep ocean sediment.
Referring now to Figure 2 there is shown a carbon sequestration device generally indicated 1. The device 1 comprises a floating light collector 2 which receives sunlight and channels it into a light conduit 3. The conduit 3 comprises a fibre optic cable which transmits the light by total internal reflection to a diffuser 4 which then emits the light to promote a phytoplankton bloom 5.
Referring now to Figure 3 there is shown a carbon sequestration device 101 formed according to an alternative embodiment. The device 101 is very similar to the device 1 shown in Figure 2 except that instead of a single light pipe, the light conduit 103 comprises a plurality of fibre optic cables which are protected and constrained by a sheath 103a along their length until they reach the required light zone at which point they are no longer constrained and thus fan out to create a light emitting array.
Referring now to Figure 4 there is shown a sequestration device 201 formed according to an alternative embodiment. The device 201 is very similar to the device 1 shown in Figure 2 except that in this embodiment the diffuser 204 can be lowered or raised fo alter the depth of the light zone. The light conduit 203 is composed of a plurality of flexible fibre optic cables and is provided with a plurality of temperature sensors 206 along its length. In this embodiment the system is configured to position the light diffuser a set distance below the thermocline 220 and accordingly the sensors 206 are used to determine the current position of the diffuser 204 with respect to the thermocline 220. If the position of the thermocline changes the diffuser 204 is raised or lowered accordingly. For this purpose the cables of the light conduit 203 are held on a rotatable drum which can be wound or unwound to alter the position of the diffuser 204.
Referring now to Figure 5 there is shown a carbon sequestration device 301 formed according to an embodiment of an alternative aspect. In this embodiment the sunlight is not collected and transferred but rather is used as a power source harvested by a solar cell array 307. Power from the array 307 is transmitted via an electrical conduit 308 to a light source 309 which provides the light zone for the phytoplankton bloom 305.
The same principles apply for this embodiment as for the embodiments shown in Figures 1 to 4 in that the intention is for primary production to be enhanced at or below the thermocline 320 so that there is high carbon export to the sea bed.
Claims (16)
- CLAIMS1. A marine-based carbon sequestration device comprising: -an energy source; -an energy conduit for transferring energy from the source to a deeper marine level; and -means for emitting light from the conduit at the deeper marine level powered by the energy source whereby to provide a light zone for promoting organic growth.
- 2. A device as claimed in Claim 1, in which the energy source comprises an energy harvester.
- 3. A device as claimed in Claim 2, in which the energy harvester comprises a solar cell array.
- 4. A device as claimed in any preceding claim, in which the depth of emission is variable.
- 5. A device as claimed in Claim 4, in which the depth of emission is varied in response to changes in temperature.
- 6. A device as claimed in any preceding claim, in which the energy source is positioned at or in the vicinity of the water surface.
- 7. A device as claimed in any preceding claim, in which the energy source comprises or forms part of a buoy.
- 8. A device as claimed in any preceding claim, in which the means for emitting light comprise a point source.
- 9. A device as claimed in any of Claims 1 to 7, in which the means for emitting light comprise a diffuser.
- 10. A device as claimed in any preceding claim, in which the device comprises anfi-biofouling means.
- 11. A device as claimed in any preceding claim, in which the means for emitting light is adapted to provide the light zone at between 100 to 200m below the water surface.
- 12. A device as claimed in any preceding claim, in which the means for emitting light is adapted to provide the light zone at or below a thermocline.
- 13. A device as claimed in any preceding claim, in which the means for emitting light is adapted to provide the light zone at up to lOOm below a thermocline.
- 14. A marine-based method of carbon sequestration, comprising the steps of: -providing a light harvester: -providing an electrical conduit for transferring energy from the harvester to a deeper marine level: and -providing means for emitting light at the deeper marine level powered by the transferred energy whereby to provide a light zone for promoting organic growth.
- 15. A marine-based carbon sequestration device substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to, and as shown in, the accompanying drawings.
- 16. A marine-based method of sequestration device substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to, and as shown in, the accompanying drawings.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB1002474A GB2467845B (en) | 2008-09-15 | 2008-09-15 | Device and method for marine carbon sequestration |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB0816859A GB2462865B (en) | 2008-09-15 | 2008-09-15 | Improvements in or relating to carbon sequestration |
| GB1002474A GB2467845B (en) | 2008-09-15 | 2008-09-15 | Device and method for marine carbon sequestration |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB201002474D0 GB201002474D0 (en) | 2010-03-31 |
| GB2467845A true GB2467845A (en) | 2010-08-18 |
| GB2467845B GB2467845B (en) | 2010-11-17 |
Family
ID=39930179
Family Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB0816859A Expired - Fee Related GB2462865B (en) | 2008-09-15 | 2008-09-15 | Improvements in or relating to carbon sequestration |
| GB1002474A Expired - Fee Related GB2467845B (en) | 2008-09-15 | 2008-09-15 | Device and method for marine carbon sequestration |
Family Applications Before (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB0816859A Expired - Fee Related GB2462865B (en) | 2008-09-15 | 2008-09-15 | Improvements in or relating to carbon sequestration |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| GB (2) | GB2462865B (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2010029285A2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2477181A (en) * | 2010-01-22 | 2011-07-27 | Plymouth Marine Lab | Marine based carbon sequestration device and methods |
| CN105494183B (en) * | 2015-12-04 | 2019-03-01 | 华东师范大学 | A kind of enhancing marine carbon converges method and artificial flowing device |
| GB2601135A (en) | 2020-11-18 | 2022-05-25 | Desmond Fitzgerald Calum | Carbon sequestration apparatus |
| CN114573110B (en) * | 2021-11-30 | 2023-01-06 | 中国科学院南京地质古生物研究所 | Carbon sequestration capacity reinforcing system for aquatic organisms |
Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2709984A (en) * | 1950-09-08 | 1955-06-07 | American Inst Of Radiation | Electric fish screen electrode incorporating a self-contained light source |
| US4699086A (en) * | 1984-11-09 | 1987-10-13 | Kei Mori | Underwater fish feeding plant |
| WO1991018970A1 (en) * | 1990-06-06 | 1991-12-12 | Ingenieursbureau D. Kuiper B.V. | Method of cultivating a phototrophic aquatic organism |
| US6203170B1 (en) * | 1999-05-07 | 2001-03-20 | Paul H. Patrick | Fish attracting or repelling device comprising diode array |
| DE10322111A1 (en) * | 2003-05-10 | 2004-12-02 | Backhaus, Jan O., Prof. Dr. | Marine photo-bioreactor for production of phototropic organisms in tropical or sub-tropical waters |
| ES2238011A1 (en) * | 2004-01-29 | 2005-08-01 | Diseño Industrial Del Noroeste, S.L. | Protective device for use during breeding of mussels, has battery that supplies power to electronic card, lamps interconnected inside waterproof box, sealing unit connected to box, and plug provided on bottom part of transparent base tube |
| WO2005090860A1 (en) * | 2004-03-19 | 2005-09-29 | John Mcfadden | An underwater lamp |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4815815A (en) * | 1979-11-13 | 1989-03-28 | Kei Mori | Device and a method of directing light energy to a predetermined area in the sea |
| JPS58102904A (en) * | 1981-12-16 | 1983-06-18 | Nippon Sheet Glass Co Ltd | Underwater natural lighting device |
| JPS61124333A (en) * | 1984-11-22 | 1986-06-12 | 清水建設株式会社 | Ocean fishery production field apparatus |
| JPH02117331A (en) * | 1988-10-27 | 1990-05-01 | Takashi Mori | Organism-growing system in seawater |
| ES2307510T3 (en) * | 1999-05-04 | 2008-12-01 | Greensea Venture, Inc. | CARBON DIOXIDE SEQUEST PROCEDURE. |
| US8470584B2 (en) * | 2006-05-10 | 2013-06-25 | Ohio University | Apparatus and method for growing biological organisms for fuel and other purposes |
-
2008
- 2008-09-15 GB GB0816859A patent/GB2462865B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2008-09-15 GB GB1002474A patent/GB2467845B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2009
- 2009-09-07 WO PCT/GB2009/002136 patent/WO2010029285A2/en active Application Filing
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2709984A (en) * | 1950-09-08 | 1955-06-07 | American Inst Of Radiation | Electric fish screen electrode incorporating a self-contained light source |
| US4699086A (en) * | 1984-11-09 | 1987-10-13 | Kei Mori | Underwater fish feeding plant |
| WO1991018970A1 (en) * | 1990-06-06 | 1991-12-12 | Ingenieursbureau D. Kuiper B.V. | Method of cultivating a phototrophic aquatic organism |
| US6203170B1 (en) * | 1999-05-07 | 2001-03-20 | Paul H. Patrick | Fish attracting or repelling device comprising diode array |
| DE10322111A1 (en) * | 2003-05-10 | 2004-12-02 | Backhaus, Jan O., Prof. Dr. | Marine photo-bioreactor for production of phototropic organisms in tropical or sub-tropical waters |
| ES2238011A1 (en) * | 2004-01-29 | 2005-08-01 | Diseño Industrial Del Noroeste, S.L. | Protective device for use during breeding of mussels, has battery that supplies power to electronic card, lamps interconnected inside waterproof box, sealing unit connected to box, and plug provided on bottom part of transparent base tube |
| WO2005090860A1 (en) * | 2004-03-19 | 2005-09-29 | John Mcfadden | An underwater lamp |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2010029285A2 (en) | 2010-03-18 |
| GB2462865A (en) | 2010-02-24 |
| WO2010029285A3 (en) | 2011-05-19 |
| GB201002474D0 (en) | 2010-03-31 |
| GB0816859D0 (en) | 2008-10-22 |
| GB2467845B (en) | 2010-11-17 |
| GB2462865B (en) | 2010-08-11 |
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