GB2450777A

GB2450777A - Ventilation device controlling air flow into and out of a building

Info

Publication number: GB2450777A
Application number: GB0808801A
Authority: GB
Inventors: Aleksandr Turulov
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2007-07-06
Filing date: 2008-05-15
Publication date: 2009-01-07
Anticipated expiration: 2028-05-15
Also published as: GB0808801D0; GB2450777B

Abstract

A ventilation device to control the flow of air into and out of a building comprises an inner panel 1 located on an interior side of the building, an outer panel 7 located on an exterior side of the building, air vents 2,3,6 through the inner 1 and outer 7 panels each being opened and closed by a damper to permit air to pass from the interior to the exterior of the building. A screen (partition) 5 is located between the inner 1 and outer 7 panels thereby defining a plurality of channels for the passage of the air. Inner panel 1 comprises of multiple glass panes with a hole at a lower part of a first inner pane 15 and a hole at an upper part of a second pane 14 to permit air to pass through an air space between the panes of glass. A filter 8 may be located below or above the screen 5 (fig 5). The air flow may also be regulated via a jalousie (vanes) 10 located below the screen 5. A capsule filled with an airproof porous material 9 may be located between the inner panel 1 and screen 5 and is used to increase air flow resistance during severe weather. Screen 5 may be made from heat absorbing glass. The device may reduce noise through the window.

Description

WINDOW FOR PREMISES VENTILATION

BACKGROUND

1.Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to the fields of construction (ventilation of buildings) and municipal hygiene.

2. Description of the Related Art

Natural ventilation of buildings is traditionally carried out through air vents in the window blocks while in modern windows it is done by putting a window element in a certain position with the help of special locks. During the ventilation of premises with such constructions in winter, cold air enters the premises owing to the air temperature differences between indoors and outdoors and wind pressure, especially in high buildings, thus bringing about heat discomfort and excessive cooling of the environment.

There has already been suggested the ventilation of premises through the air space of the window block. But such windows should have three panes and the buildings should be equipped with a mechanical supply and exhaust ventilation (Other References 4). The design of a noise proof and energy efficient window block for ventilating the premises is also known. The air in such window gets into the ventilation device from the space between the panes through the joining elements in the vertical impost. This device is designed for absorbing noise, cannot be regulated and has a complex hydraulic solution (Other References 6).

In March 1986, Howe Jr., a US inventor, registered his patent on Energy Efficient Window and Skylight Assemblies under No 4577619, proposing to ventilate the space between the panes where the jalousie exposed to the sun rays heats the air.

The fan blows the air from this space through the accumulator into the premises or outside. This device is mainly designed for using the window as a sun light collector with heat transfer agent to be carried away by the fan.

Lately various firms, including Aereco (France), GU and KBE (Germany), Renson (Belgium), Aeromat (Russia), have manufactured devices and valves for ventilating the premises. However, none of them may be regulated regarding the weather conditions and sanitary hygienic requirements or prevent the inflow of cold air.

Supply and exhaust ventilation devices of such companies as Xpelair, Manrose, Silavent and Ductex are widely used for ventilating the premises in the weather conditions with the yearly mild outdoor air temperature, as for instance in England.

While they ensure the necessary air exchange rate in the premises and air purification, it should be recognized that they are unsuitable in the cold outdoor air temperatures due to icing. In addition, there should be mentioned their noise in operation, their large total energy consumption (up to 7 kWh in a 100-square meter flat) and the change in the ion air composition due to the fan mechanical impact as well as the serious claims to the building appearance because they are usually installed in the windows or outside walls.

In September 1997, a group of Russian citizens, including Savin, registered their patent No 2091557 on the invention of the Window with Enhanced Heat Shield Properties. The space between the panes of this window has a transparent screen half the height of the window as an additional heat shield.

In September 2004, Savin also registered his patent No 2235842 on the invention of Light Transparent Constructions. Air spaces in such construction are ventilated by outdoor air in order to prevent condensation.

The information and patent materials indicated above have been taken into account by the author at the development of the proposed invention.

ADA VANTAGES -SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

This invention is aimed at creating a ventilation device on the basis of the system of gravitational and wind pressure dampers and stabilizers.

The device and its modifications are a window element or a window itself whose construction ensures different ventilation regimes in the premises with the necessary volume of incoming air.

The base model of the device is a traditional window with two panes and a frame-screen in the space between them. The frame-screen divides this space into two air subspaces connected with each other.

The lower part of the frame-screen, where the air subspaces are connected, has the filter-diaphragm whose aerodynamic characteristics correspond to the weather conditions and the requirements to the air exchange in the premises.

The main object of the invention is a translucent device in which the system of air channels together with elements of different aerodynamic characteristics ensures the necessary air exchange rate in the premises at the different gravitational and wind pressures.

The use of the filter-diaphragm for purif'ing the incoming air is a good feature of the invention.

In addition, the design of the device allows utilizing the heat of the air re-circulated in the premises for heating the incoming air.

The system of air channels, the filter-diaphragm, the jalousie and the capsule with porous material ensures noise protection of the window.

These and other properties of the window are ftilly described and illustrated below.

INTRODUCTION TO DRAWINGS

The window is shown on structural and technological diagrams in two modifications.

The first modification of the window is illustrated on FIG. I, FIG.2 and FIG.3. It is designed for supplying air into the building equipped with the central air exhaust system at any weather conditions.

The second modification of the window is shown on FIG. 4 and FIG. 5. It is designed for both supplying and exhausting air in the premises at outdoor air temperatures above zero in the cold period of the year.

FIGURE 1 The design diagram of the supplying window ventilation device for buildings with the central air exhaust system at any weather conditions FIGURE 2 The air movement pattern in the window supply ventilation device in the cold period FIGURE 3 The air movement pattern in the window supply ventilation device in the mild period FIGURE 4 The design diagram of the window supply and exhaust ventilation system for outdoor air temperatures above zero in the cold period FIGURE 5 The air movement pattern in the window supply and exhaust ventilation device

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The base modification of the window for buildings with the general exhaust ventilation is represented on FIGURE 1.

This window consists of the main window frame 4, the height of which is comparable with the window height. Two flaps, the inner flap 1 and the outer flap 2, are attached to it. The lower and upper parts of the flap 1 have air vents 2 and 3 revolving on the horizontal upper axle into the premises. The flap 1 has a multiple glass unit with holes at the lower part of the first inner pane 15 and at the upper part of the second pane 14 enabling the inner air to go through the air space of the multiple glass unit.

The air vent 6 that is opened horizontally out is located above the outer flap 7.

The main element of the window is the frame-screen 5 with an opening of the air vent height in its lower part reserved for the filter-diaphragm 8. The revolving jalousie 10 is attached to the frame at this place.

In accordance with the hydraulic calculation, the capsule filled with airproof porous material 9 is foreseen in the device for its use in the cold and windy weather conditions. This capsule is to create additional aerodynamic resistance.

The frame-screen is fixed in the middle of the window main frame 4 from inside or attached to the flap 1 with brackets to form inside the frame two air spaces communicating with each other.

When it is cold, this modification of the window functions in the following way (FIGURE 2). Outdoor air flows through the open air vent 6 under the gravitational and wind pressure, and moves down in the outer air space. On reaching its bottom the air flow makes a 180 turn and goes through the filter-diaphragm 8, the jalousie and the capsule 9. Their aerodynamic resistance reduces the mass volume of the incoming air to the calculated value. Further on, the air moves up and mixes with the air that enters through the opening 15, passes through the air space of the multiple glass unit 1 and goes out through the upper openings 14. The outdoor air mixed with the warm inner air enters the premises through the air vent 2.

When it is warm, the window works mainly due to the wind pressure. Since this period does not require the volume of incoming air to be limited, the ventilation rate may be increased by means of opening the inside lower air vent 3, closing the upper air vent 3 (FIGURE 3) and taking off the filter-diaphragm, thus reducing the aerodynamic resistance of the construction. As a result, the gravitational draught is created due to the height difference between the air vents 3 and 6.

The supply-exhaust modification of the window designed for the weather conditions with outdoor air temperatures above zero somewhat differs from the base modification when used in the cold period (FIGURE 4).

Blowing and drawing air flows are divided in this modification. For this, upper (12) and lower (II) plugs are foreseen and the filter-diaphragm is moved to the upper part of the frame-screen.

FIGURE 5 shows how this modification works. To ensure the balance between the drawing and blowing air flows, the supply air channel is placed in the upper part of the construction. The air enters the premises through the open air vent 6, going through the filter-diaphragm 8 but passing the air vent 2. The incoming air is being purified at that and its volume is regulated by the corresponding aerodynamic resistance of the filter-diaphragm 8. In addition, such placement of the incoming air channel also allows arranging the heating zone by mixing the outdoor air with the air inside the premises. The warm inside air, passing through the air space of the multiple glass unit 1 and the opening 14 because of the gravitational pressure, heats the outdoor air.

The air supply channel, passing through the open vent 3, the regulated jalousie 10 and the outer air space, goes into the open air vent 13. The air drawing flow is regulated by openings of the air vents 3 and 13 as well as the jalousie 10.

The proposed window has the following advantages over the numerous devices for ventilating the premises mentioned above.

1. This window and the most of its area is translucent.

2. The construction of the window base modification allows its using as a full window block.

3. The system of the window elements (the filter-diaphragm, the capsule filled with air-proof porous material, the air vents, the jalousie and the arrangement of the air paths) ensure the required air exchange rate in the premises without applying the mechanical ventilation means.

4. The system of the window elements indicated in Item 3 allows ensuring a wide range of seasonal and individual regulations of the air volume entering the premises.

5. The multiple glass unit applied in the window as an internal glazing allows re-circulating the inner air and mixing it with the cold air. As a result, the incoming air temperature will be raised thus utilizing the heat of the drawing air.

6. The arrangement of the air channels and the use of filters and porous materials enhance the noise-proof qualities of the window.

7. The use of gravitational and wind pressure in the window as a propelling force instead of mechanical ventilators excludes the additional noise and expenditure of electric power.

8. The inner air recirculation utilizes the heat of the inner air and the joint use of the multiple glass unit and the frame-screen reduces the loss of heat in the device by 30-40%.

9. The steady supply of fresh, heated and clean air into the premises at the required volume thus excluding the traditional occasional ventilation is the main advantage of this device.

10. In addition, translucence, noiselessness and noise-proofing of the device and the possibility of its use as a window element or a window itself without changing the building appearance are also very important features of the device.

Claims

The following is claimed and desired to be secured by U.K. letters patent: 1. Window for premises ventilation to be used in conjunction with a traditional window block or as a window itself.
2. Air movement in the premises through the ventilation device is caused by air temperature differences between indoors and outdoors (gravitational pressure) as well as by wind pressure.
3. The device has two modifications: the first modification ensures air supply into the premises equipped with the central air exhausting system and is designed for any weather conditions; the second one ensures both supply and exhaust of the air, and may be used only in weather conditions with outdoor temperatures above zero.
4. The device heats the inflow ing air by its re-circulation in the premises.
5. The recirculation of the indoor air is accomplished through the air spaces of the multiple glass units that are used as inside glazing of the premises.
6. The air recirculation holes are foreseen on the inner pane lower part and the outer pane upper part of the multiple glass units.
7. The device has a diaphragm with mechanical, absorbent and antibacterial filters for purifying the inflow ing air.
8. The device lowers the level of outside noise by means of two air spaces, the filter-diaphragm, the jalousie and the capsule with porous material.
9. The main element of the device is a frame-screen that is anchored to the window frame or attached to the inner frame by brackets.
10. The frame-screen is situated between the inner and outer panes, and divides the air space between them into two subspaces through which the ventilated air flows.
11. The frame-screen pane is made of usual or special glass.
12. Depending on the modification, some parts of the frame-screen, below or above, are left without glass, a place reserved for the filter-diaphragm holder.
13.One of the air spaces in the device is to contain a capsule with airproof porous material to increase aerodynamic resistance of the air blowing device in the severe weather conditions.
14. The modification of the device with blowing and drawing ventilation is to have four air vents, two of them are located on the inner side of the premises and the other two on the outer side.
15. The device with blowing ventilation is to have three air vents, two of them face the inner side of the premises and one is placed on the outer side.
16. The volume of inflowing outdoor air is regulated by means of varying the opening of the air vents and jalousies as well as the characteristics of the filter-diaphragm and the capsule with airproof material.
17. If the windows face the sunny side of the horizon, the frame-screen pane may be made of special (heat absorbing) glass that is designed to activate the ventilation process and increase the energy effectiveness of the device.