GB2450776A

GB2450776A - Ventilation device controlling air flow into and out of a building

Info

Publication number: GB2450776A
Application number: GB0808797A
Authority: GB
Inventors: Aleksandr Turulov
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2007-07-06
Filing date: 2008-05-15
Publication date: 2009-01-07
Anticipated expiration: 2028-05-15
Also published as: GB0713133D0; GB2450776B; GB0802616D0; GB0808797D0

Abstract

A ventilation device to control the flow of air into and out of a building comprises an inner panel 2 located on an interior side of the building, an outer panel 5 located on an exterior side of the building, air vents 1,6,7 through the inner 2 and outer 5 panels each being opened and closed by a damper to permit air to pass from the interior to the exterior of the building. A screen (partition) is located between the inner 2 and outer 5 panels thereby defining a plurality of channels for the passage of the air. During cold periods (i.e. winter), the combination of opened air vents 1, 6 and two air channels creates a U-shaped movement of the air flow through the device that may be heated via a heat exchanger 3 that is heated by absorbing radiated heat. During warm periods (i.e. summer), the combination of opened air vents 7, 6 and only one of the air channels creates a Z-shaped movement of the air flow through the device that by-passes the heat exchanger 3. The screen 8 may be moved to affect the amount of ventilation. Heat exchanger 3 may be made of an air permeable porous material for reducing noise and function as a filter to clean the air from mechanical impurities. The device may function independently or together with a window.

Description

DEVICE FOR VENTILATION PREMISES

The proposed device is designed for the natural ventilation of premises owing to gravitational and wind pressure. It consists of three air vents, two air spaces and a heat exchanger installed in one of the air spaces.

This device is to improve heat technological, noise protection and ventilation characteristics of the window. Such device may function either independently or together with the window.

BACKGROUND

Field of the Invention

The proposed invention is related to the field of construction, in particular to the ventilation of buildings.

Prior Art

As a rule, devices for the natural ventilation of premises that are now used in construction do not ensure the air exchange required by the hygienic norms. They create discomforting temperature conditions in the space near the window and fail to provide noise protection during the ventilation.

The natural ventilation of premises is traditionally carried out through the air vents.

Modern hermetic windows are ventilated by slit airing when widow sashes are put into a certain position with a fixing rod. When the outdoor temperature is low, the buildings with air vents and slit airing lose heat excessively owing to the intensive air inflow into its premises, creating discomforting air movement and unfavorable temperature conditions inside the premises near the window.

At the present time, there appeared many different special ventilation devices that may be divided into the following groups: -different opening limiters with the use of devices for micro-airing in the assembly with the window fittings; -weather strips partially permeable to air; -air dampers and strips as well as air passages in the window profile; -airing devices; -mechanical ventilators that are set up in the window or in the external walls.

Ventilation at the expense of a partial weather strip removal between the window frame and the window sash and the use of perforated and brush seal instead of it does not provide the required air exchange in the premises. The volume of inflowing air does not exceed five cubic meters per hour while the necessary volume amounts to three cubic meters per hour for one square meter of the premises. In addition, such ventilation can hardly be regulated.

Numerous ways of airing with the use of various air dampers and strips in the window profile, for instance the Brugmann strip, practically does not differ from the slit airing.

The following window valves or airing devices have become popular in construction: -ABBKIV-125; -Aereco EHT-780; -KBE Clima Box and Riegel-Air; -DucoDicotor35; -Lunos Airing Device; -Taiton Airing Device; -Siegenia-Aubi Aeroflat; -Gelan Gesso Ventilation System; -Brevis Ventair 11 TR Automatique; -Siegenia-Aubi Aeromat and its Russian modifications UVSH-l (YBLIJ-I) and VSHK-1 (BulK-i) It should be noted that the work of all such valves is based on the same principle.

They are installed in the window block and the outdoor air passes through the valve passage. As a rule, the volume of inflowing air is regulated by hand by changing the square of the inlet hole. The passage walls are covered with sound absorption material for suppressing the noise.

The valve tests revealed the following shortcomings: -the lack of the necessary thermal protection and, consequently, the freezing of the valve body in winter; -low temperatures of the inflowing air and its discomforting impact on the temperature regime in the spaces near the window; -inadequate noise protection of the valve during the ventilation; -low capacity of the valves in the warm weather owing to a small thermal gradient between the indoor and outdoor air as well as to the prevailing calm weather conditions.

Objective assessment of the window noise protection should be carried out in the conditions of the natural ventilation of premises. Applying the above mentioned airing devices does not ensure the necessary noise protection. For instance, the Siegenia-Aubi Aeromat (Germany) coupled with the Karat Plus noise protection window' reduces the level of traffic noise only by 25 decibels while it is required to reduce the noise by 35-45 decibels.

In Europe with its plus air temperatures in the heating period, premises are ventilated by means of supply and exhaust mechanical ventilators such as Xpelair, Monrose, Sylavent, Ductex, etc. However, they are not suitable for ventilating the premises at minus temperatures of outdoor air because of their possible icing. It should be noted that such ventilators are noisy and consume a large amount of electric power, up to 7 kW per hour at a I 00-square meter flat. Moreover, the mechanical impact of the ventilator blades brings about the change in the air ion composition. At last, their arrangement on the building facades distorts the architecture of buildings.

ADVANTAGES -SUMMARY OF INVENTION

The proposed invention is aimed at creating a device for the natural ventilation of premises which excludes the discomforting air flows, raises the temperature of the inflowing air, reduces the level of noise and ensures the seasonal and individual regulation of the air exchange in the premises.

Such device is based on the author's idea in developing an airing device whose construction ensures the U-shaped air flow movement for the cold period and the Z-shaped air flow movement for the warm period of the year.

The U-air flow movement is caused by means of two communicating vertical air spaces and two air vents, situated on the same level.

The U-air flow movement gives an opportunity to use a heat exchanger for heating the inflowing air. Such air movement is effective during the cold period of the year when there is a sufficient energy potential of the ventilation pressure owing to a temperature gradient between the outdoor and indoor air as well as the wind.

Since the ventilation pressure decreases during the warm period of the year, the Z-air flow movement, a simpler one, is foreseen in the device. Two air vents situated on the different levels are used for this. Such construction creates an additional draft and allows the airflow to bypass the heat exchanger creating a significant resistance to it.

If the noise protection quality of the device is not important, its construction allows moving the frame-screen down in order to set the ventilation regime corresponding to the traditional airing directly through the air vents 1 and 6 as well as the hole 4 (in this case the hole will be in the upper zone).

Windows produced by the Karat Plus Company, a Russian joint stock company in the Saratov Region Air permeable heat conducting material is used as a heat exchanger to heat the inflowing air. It is placed in the air space facing the premises.

Warm air flows in the premises rise from the heating devices and envelop the inner glazing of the device, thus heating it. The glass transfers heat to the heat exchanger which in turn transfers heat to the incoming air passing through it. The outdoor air heated in the heat exchanger gives out its heat in the premises, providing at the same time favorable temperature conditions in the space near the window.

Apart from its main function, the heat exchanger absorbs the sound energy of the air flow. If the porous material is used in the heat exchanger, it also cleans the air from mechanical impurities.

INTRODUCTION TO DRAWINGS

The design diagram of the device is shown on Figure 1 (a, b).

Figure la shows the diagram of the device and its function during the cold period when the incoming air flow makes the U-shaped movement.

Figure 1 b shows the diagram of the device and its function during the warm period when the incoming air flow makes the Z-shaped movement.

The device consists of the main frame to which two sashes, the inner 2 and the outer 5, are fixed. The mobile frame-screen 8 is set between the sashes 2 and 5 in order to create two air spaces. The air spaces communicate with each other through the hole 4.

To carry out the air exchange, the upper part of the device has the air vents 1 and 6 and its lower part facing the premises has the air vent 7. The air vent I is hanged horizontally by lower hinges while the air vents 6 and 7 are hanged by upper hinges.

The heat exchanger 3 with its proper aerodynamic resistance as well as heat and physical characteristics is installed in the air space facing the premises. Heat and physical characteristics of the heat exchanger should provide the effective heat transfer from the glazing of the sash 2 to the incoming air. The aerodynamic resistance of the element 3 is determined by calculation and depends on the weather conditions on the construction site, the number of stories of the building, the town planning situation and the requirements for the premises air exchange. The use of the air permeable heat conducting material as a heat exchanger allows cleaning the incoming air from mechanical impurities and ensuring the additional noise protection during the ventilation.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DEVICE

This device functions in two regimes.

The U-shaped movement of the incoming air flow during the cold period is shown on Figure la.

In this case, air vents 1 and 6 are opened. Cold air comes in through the air vent 6, goes down the air space and, passing through the hole 4, changes its direction.

Further on, it rises along the second air space where, passing through the heat exchanger 3, it is heated and enters the upper zone of the premises through the air vent 1. The aerodynamic resistance of the heat exchanger in the cold period reduces the speed of the air flow down to the limit set by the hygienic norms.

During the warm period, the air exchange in the premises should be increased. In this case, the lower air vent 7 and the air vent 6 are opened while the air vent 1 is closed, thus the Z-movement of the incoming air flow is put into operation (Fig. Ib). Since the opened air vents 6 and 7 are on different levels, an additional draft is created. Such movement of the air flow bypasses the heat exchanger, thus significantly activating the ventilation process. The device design allows lowering the frame-screen 8, thus moving the hole 4 in the upper zone. In such positions, the opened air vents 1 and 6 as well as the hole 4 can ensure the traditional air vent airing.

Claims

The following is claimed and desired to be secured by the U.K. letters patent: 1. A fully independent ventilation device designed for the use both together with the window and as an independent element.
2. The device supplies and exhausts the air from the premises owing to an energetic potential between the gravitational and wind pressure.
3. This device has two air spaces connected with each other and three air vents regulating the volume of inflowing and drawing air.
4. A mobile frame-screen is foreseen for creating two connecting air spaces between the outer and inner sashes of the device.
5. The device design provides the U-and Z-shaped movements of the incoming air flow which are put into operation depending on the weather conditions.

The U-shaped movement of the incoming air flow is reserved for the cold periods while the Z-shaped movement for the warm periods.
6. The mobile frame-screen gives the possibility to provide the premises with the traditional air vent airing.
7. The heat exchanger is installed in the air space in order to heat the incoming air passing through it making the U-movement in the device. As a result, the heat is utilized, thus ensuring the favorable temperature conditions in the premises space near the window during the cold period.
8. The heat exchanger installed in the air space of the device ensures an additional noise protection during the premises ventilation.
9. The heat exchanger made of the air permeable porous material serves as a course filter for the incoming air.