GB2368465A - Rechargeable battery - Google Patents
Rechargeable battery Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2368465A GB2368465A GB0026393A GB0026393A GB2368465A GB 2368465 A GB2368465 A GB 2368465A GB 0026393 A GB0026393 A GB 0026393A GB 0026393 A GB0026393 A GB 0026393A GB 2368465 A GB2368465 A GB 2368465A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- battery
- conductors
- electrodes
- pair
- energy storage
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003989 dielectric material Substances 0.000 claims 3
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- JBRZTFJDHDCESZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N AsGa Chemical compound [As]#[Ga] JBRZTFJDHDCESZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910001218 Gallium arsenide Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910002106 crystalline ceramic Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000011222 crystalline ceramic Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- OJIJEKBXJYRIBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium nickel Chemical compound [Ni].[Cd] OJIJEKBXJYRIBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000481 chemical toxicant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- UTVFAARNXOSXLG-UHFFFAOYSA-M iodo(sulfanylidene)stibane Chemical compound I[Sb]=S UTVFAARNXOSXLG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011244 liquid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052987 metal hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003440 toxic substance Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M14/00—Electrochemical current or voltage generators not provided for in groups H01M6/00 - H01M12/00; Manufacture thereof
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Cell Electrode Carriers And Collectors (AREA)
Abstract
A rechargeable battery comprising a solid state dielectric (e.g. crystalline ceramic, piezoceramic) or semiconductor (e.g. silicon/gallium arsenide) material 1 having formed therein a plurality of elongate holes with elongate conductors 2 located within the holes, a first pair of electrodes 3 formed or located on opposed sides of the solid state material in a first spatial orientation and a second pair of electrodes 4 formed or located on opposed sides of the solid state material in a second spatial orientation different from the first, such that when a DC voltage is applied across the first pair of electrodes, an electric field is formed and induces electrostatic charges in the elongate conductors thereby generating a voltage across the second pair of electrodes. The conductors have diameter 10-200nm, length 100-1000nm and conductors and electrodes are of Au, Ag, Cu or Pt.
Description
RECHARGEABLE BATTERY
The present invention relates to a rechargeable battery, and in particular to a rechargeable battery incorporating a solid state material having longitudinallyextending holes into which longitudinally extending conductors are formed or placed.
The present application is cross-referenced with a simultaneously-filed UK application entitled"Rechargeable Battery"and having the agents'reference
CTV/P45202.1 (please insert application/publication number), the full disclosure of which is hereby incorporated into the present application by reference.
Various rechargeable batteries are known in the art. These include chemical accumulators based, for example, on nickel-cadmium or nickel-metal hydride systems. These batteries have a limited operational life due to irreversible chemical changes that gradually take place within the battery upon charging and discharging, and they are environmentally unfriendly in that they contain toxic chemicals.
An accumulator comprising a capacitor having a pair of electrode plates, one on either side of a solid electrolyte is known from RU 2070756. The battery is charged by way of current flow through the electrolyte.
An accumulator comprising a capacitor having a pair of electrode plates immersed in a liquid electrolyte is known from RU 2132585. The battery is charged by way of current flow through the electrolyte.
A rechargeable battery comprising a piezoceramic component having a pair of attached electrodes is known from RU 2087066. The battery is charged by heating the piezoceramic component.
There is also known, from RU 2074475, an accumulator comprising a capacitor bank which is charged by way of a dynamo.
All of these devices have an inadequate operational life and tend to be environmentally unfriendly. According to the present invention, there is provided a rechargeable battery including an energy storage member in the form of a solid state dielectric or semiconductor material having formed therein a plurality of holes with elongate conductors located within the holes and contacting the energy storage member at least at one point along their lengths, a first pair of electrodes adapted to apply a DC voltage therebetween and formed or located on generally opposed sides of the energy storage member in a first spatial orientation and a second pair of electrodes formed or located on generally opposed sides of the energy storage member in a second spatial orientation different from the first.
In operation, the application of a DC voltage across the first pair of electrodes forms an electric field across the solid state material which induces electrostatic charges in the elongate conductors, thereby generating a voltage across the second pair of electrodes.
Advantageously, at least some of the elongate conductors have substantially the same or similar spatial orientation to each other. In a particularly preferred embodiment, enough of the conductors extend in substantially the same or similar direction so as to give the solid state material isotropic properties; that is to say, more conductors extend substantially in one given, predominant direction than in any other. The conductors and electrodes are preferably configured such that an imaginary line drawn between the first pair of electrodes extends substantially perpendicular to the predominant conductor direction and such that an imaginary line drawn between the second pair of electrodes extends substantially parallel to the predominant conductor direction.
The elongate conductors are formed so that they contact the solid state material at least at some point along their lengths. Preferably, the first pair of electrodes is formed or located tightly against the solid state material.
Preferably, the second pair of electrodes is formed or located tightly against the solid state material.
The electrodes may be electroformed, electrodeposited or sputtered onto the solid state material. Alternatively, the electrodes may be formed separately and clamped, adhered or otherwise located on the solid state material.
The electrodes may be formed from metals such as gold, silver, platinum or copper or combinations thereof. Other metals may be used where appropriate.
The solid state material is a dielectric or semiconductor material, for example as described in the present applicant's copending International patent application WO 00/40506, the full disclosure of which is hereby incorporated into the present application by reference.
The solid state material may be a dielectric ceramic material such as a solid state crystalline ceramic material, including piezoceramic materials and solid composite mixtures of different ceramic materials. The solid state material may also be a semiconductor, such as silicon or gallium arsenide, among others. The solid state material may be a composite mixture of dielectric and semiconductor materials.
The solid state material may be manufactured in accordance with the manufacturing processes described in WO 00/40506 ; that is to say, the holes may be formed by an electrical erosion process and the conductors may be formed by local ion precipitation within the holes.
The holes may be in the form of pores, and preferably have a diameter of up to 200nm, more preferably from I Onm to 200nm. The conductors may be formed from metals such as gold, silver, platinum or copper or combinations thereof. Other metals may be used where appropriate. The conductors are preferably in the form of elongate filaments or fibres, and one or more filaments or fibres may be located within a given elongate hole.
The conductors preferably have a diameter of up to 200nm, more preferably from 1 Omn to 200nm.
The holes and the conductors advantageously have a longitudinal length of 100nm to 1000nm, although lengths outside this range may be appropriate in particular circumstances.
When a DC voltage is applied across first pair of electrodes, a DC electric field is generated across the solid state material. This electric field causes electrostatic charges to be induced in the elongate conductors, and these charges will then move under the influence of the electric field so as to induce a potential difference across the second pair of electrodes. By applying a potential difference across the first pair of electrodes and connecting a load or other circuitry across the second pair, current can be caused to flow through the load or other circuitry.
The rechargeable cell of the present invention does not include any chemically active components, and is thus environmentally friendly. Furthermore, because there is little or no mechanical or thermal degradation during recharging, the cell of the present invention has an improved operational life as compared to existing accumulators. In some embodiments, the present invention provides a 20% improvement in operational life over existing rechargeable batteries.
For a better understanding of the present invention and to show how it may be carried into effect, reference shall now be made by way of example to the accompanying drawing, in which:
FIGURE 1 shows a solid state material provided with two pairs of electrodes.
Figure 1 shows a solid state ceramic block 1 having a plurality of elongate pores in which are formed a plurality of elongate conductive filaments 2 made out of silver.
The pores and the filaments 2 have a predominant longitudinal direction indicated by arrow'A'. A first pair of silver electrodes 3 is electroformed, one on either side of the solid state material 1, such that an imaginary line drawn between the electrodes 3 is substantially perpendicular to the predominant direction'A'. A second pair of silver electrodes 4 is electroformed, one on either side of the solid state material 1, such that an imaginary line drawn between the electrodes 4 is substantially parallel to the predominant direction'A'. A DC voltage applied across the electrodes 3 causes an electric field to be generated across the solid state material 1. The electric field induces electrostatic charges in the filaments 2, the charges then being caused to move along the filaments 2 under the influence of the electric field so as to generate a
DC voltage across the electrodes 4, this voltage then being available to cause an electric current to pass through a load (not shown) connected across the electrodes 4.
Example 1. Piezoceramic material with metal filaments laid in pores.
Nanopores are formed on one of the endfaces of a piezoceramic blank produced by standard technology (a pressed piezoceramic charge with a binder is fired at a temperature of 1450OC and gradually cooled) by an electrical erosion method using a first probe of point diameter 20nm, made of antimony sulfoiodide (SSbI), by supplying pulses of negative polarity (pitch of treatment-600nm, modifying voltage 4V ; treatment time for each pore-400nsec). A second probe, made of silver (point diameter 10nm) is then used, with pulses of positive polarity supplied, to form silver nanofilaments in the formed nanopores by a method of local ion precipitation (pitch
of treatment-600nm ; modifying voltage 2V ; treatment time for each pore 600nsec). The positioning of the first and second probes is carried out with the aid of a 2 scanning tunnel microscope. The concentration of pores averaged 3 pores per flm2. A piezoceramic plate treated by the above method was subjected to study for strength (breaking strain). This was 3100N/mm2, whereas the strength of an analogous plate which had not been subjected to this treatment was 2200N/mm2.
The electromechanical coupling coefficient, which is inversely proportional to the value of the acoustic losses in the material, increased from 0.71 to 0.85.
Claims (21)
1. A rechargeable battery including an energy storage member in the form of a solid state dielectric or semiconductor material having formed therein a plurality of holes with elongate conductors located within the holes and contacting the energy storage member at least at one point along their lengths, a first pair of electrodes adapted to apply a DC voltage therebetween and formed or located on generally opposed sides of the energy storage member in a first spatial orientation and a second pair of electrodes formed or located on generally opposed sides of the energy storage member in a second spatial orientation different from the first.
2. A battery as claimed in claim 1, wherein at least some of the holes and conductors extend in substantially one direction.
3. A battery as claimed in claim 2, wherein more of the holes and conductors extend substantially in a given direction than in any other direction.
4. A battery as claimed in claim 3, wherein an imaginary line drawn between the first pair of electrodes extends substantially perpendicular to the given direction.
5. A battery as claimed in claim 3 or 4, wherein an imaginary line drawn between the second pair of electrodes extends substantially parallel to the given direction.
6. A battery as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the first pair of electrodes is formed or located tightly against the energy storage member.
7. A battery as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the second pair of electrodes is formed or located tightly against the energy storage member.
8. A battery as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the holes are formed as pores.
9. A battery as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the energy storage member is formed from a dielectric material.
10. A battery as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the energy storage member is formed from a semiconductor material.
11. A battery as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the energy storage member is formed from a composite of a semiconductor material and a dielectric material.
12. A battery as claimed in claim 9 or 11, wherein the dielectric material is a ceramic material.
13. A battery as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein at least part of the conductors is formed from silver.
14. A battery as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein at least part of the conductors is formed from gold.
15. A battery as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein at least part of the conductors is formed from platinum.
16. A battery as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein at least part of the conductors is formed from copper.
17. A battery as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the holes have a diameter of 1 Onm to 200nm.
18. A battery as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the conductors have a diameter of 10nm to 200nu.
19. A battery as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the holes have a length of10nmto1000nm.
20. A battery as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the conductors have a length of 1 One to 1000nm.
21. A rechargeable battery substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the accompanying drawing.
Priority Applications (11)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB0026393A GB2368465B (en) | 2000-10-28 | 2000-10-28 | Rechargeable battery |
| AU2002210723A AU2002210723A1 (en) | 2000-10-28 | 2001-10-29 | Rechargeable battery |
| JP2002538511A JP2004512696A (en) | 2000-10-28 | 2001-10-29 | Rechargeable battery |
| CNA018178138A CN1502142A (en) | 2000-10-28 | 2001-10-29 | Rechargeable battery |
| PCT/GB2001/004765 WO2002035637A1 (en) | 2000-10-28 | 2001-10-29 | Rechargeable battery |
| EP01978626A EP1336217A1 (en) | 2000-10-28 | 2001-10-29 | Rechargeable battery |
| CA002426379A CA2426379A1 (en) | 2000-10-28 | 2001-10-29 | Rechargeable battery |
| KR10-2003-7005711A KR20030051743A (en) | 2000-10-28 | 2001-10-29 | Rechargeable battery |
| TW091101235A TW548864B (en) | 2000-10-28 | 2002-01-25 | Rechargeable battery |
| HK02103774.4A HK1041977B (en) | 2000-10-28 | 2002-05-21 | Rechargeable battery |
| US10/424,663 US6943526B2 (en) | 2000-10-28 | 2003-04-26 | Rechargeable battery |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB0026393A GB2368465B (en) | 2000-10-28 | 2000-10-28 | Rechargeable battery |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB0026393D0 GB0026393D0 (en) | 2000-12-13 |
| GB2368465A true GB2368465A (en) | 2002-05-01 |
| GB2368465B GB2368465B (en) | 2003-01-22 |
Family
ID=9902127
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB0026393A Expired - Fee Related GB2368465B (en) | 2000-10-28 | 2000-10-28 | Rechargeable battery |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| GB (1) | GB2368465B (en) |
| HK (1) | HK1041977B (en) |
| TW (1) | TW548864B (en) |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2000040506A1 (en) * | 1998-12-30 | 2000-07-13 | Intellikraft Limited | Solid-state material |
-
2000
- 2000-10-28 GB GB0026393A patent/GB2368465B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2002
- 2002-01-25 TW TW091101235A patent/TW548864B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-05-21 HK HK02103774.4A patent/HK1041977B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2000040506A1 (en) * | 1998-12-30 | 2000-07-13 | Intellikraft Limited | Solid-state material |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| HK1041977A1 (en) | 2002-07-26 |
| GB0026393D0 (en) | 2000-12-13 |
| GB2368465B (en) | 2003-01-22 |
| HK1041977B (en) | 2003-04-25 |
| TW548864B (en) | 2003-08-21 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 20051028 |