CA2426379A1 - Rechargeable battery - Google Patents
Rechargeable battery Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2426379A1 CA2426379A1 CA002426379A CA2426379A CA2426379A1 CA 2426379 A1 CA2426379 A1 CA 2426379A1 CA 002426379 A CA002426379 A CA 002426379A CA 2426379 A CA2426379 A CA 2426379A CA 2426379 A1 CA2426379 A1 CA 2426379A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- battery
- electrodes
- pair
- conductors
- energy storage
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003989 dielectric material Substances 0.000 claims 3
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- JBRZTFJDHDCESZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N AsGa Chemical compound [As]#[Ga] JBRZTFJDHDCESZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910001218 Gallium arsenide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- OJIJEKBXJYRIBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium nickel Chemical compound [Ni].[Cd] OJIJEKBXJYRIBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000481 chemical toxicant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000012790 confirmation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910002106 crystalline ceramic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011222 crystalline ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- UTVFAARNXOSXLG-UHFFFAOYSA-M iodo(sulfanylidene)stibane Chemical compound I[Sb]=S UTVFAARNXOSXLG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011244 liquid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052987 metal hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003440 toxic substance Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M14/00—Electrochemical current or voltage generators not provided for in groups H01M6/00 - H01M12/00; Manufacture thereof
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES OR LIGHT-SENSITIVE DEVICES, OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G4/00—Fixed capacitors; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G4/002—Details
- H01G4/018—Dielectrics
- H01G4/06—Solid dielectrics
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES OR LIGHT-SENSITIVE DEVICES, OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES OR LIGHT-SENSITIVE DEVICES, OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/004—Details
- H01G9/04—Electrodes or formation of dielectric layers thereon
- H01G9/048—Electrodes or formation of dielectric layers thereon characterised by their structure
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
- Cell Electrode Carriers And Collectors (AREA)
- Ceramic Capacitors (AREA)
- Fixed Capacitors And Capacitor Manufacturing Machines (AREA)
- Connection Of Batteries Or Terminals (AREA)
Abstract
There is disclosed a rechargeable battery comprising a solid state material (1) having formed therein a plurality of elongate holes with elongate conductors (2) located within the holes, a first pair of electrodes (3) formed or located on generally opposed sides of the solid state material (1) in a first spatial orientation and a second pair of electrodes (4) formed or located on generally opposed sides of the solid state material (1) in a second spatial orientation different from the first, such that when a DC voltage is applied across the first pair of electrodes (3), an electric field is formed and induces electrostatic charges in the elongate conductors (2), thereby generating a voltage across the second pair of electrodes (4).
Description
RECHARGEABLE BATTER7~' The present invention relates to a rechargeable battery, and in pauticular to a rechargeable battery incorporating a solid state material having longitudinally-S extending holes into which longitudinally extending conductors are formed or placed.
The present application is cross-referenced with a simultaneously-filed U'K
application entitled "Rechargeable Battez-y" and having the agents' reference CTV/P4S202.1 (please insert applicationlpublication number), the full disclosure of 1 U which is hereby incorporated into the present application by reFerence.
Various rechargeable batteries are known in the az-t. These include chemical accumulators based, for example, on nickel-cadmium or nickel-metal hydride systems. These battez'ies have a limited operational life due to izxeversible chemical 1S changes that gradually take place within the battery upon charging and discharging, and they are environmentally unfriendly in that they contain toxic chemicals.
An accumulator comprising a capacitoz~ having a pair of electrode plates, one on either side of a solid electrolyte is known From R~J 2070756. The battery is charged 20 by way of current flow through the electrolyte, An accumulator comprising a capacitor having a pair of electrode plates immersed in a liquid electrolyte is known from RL.~ 2132S8S. The battery is changed by way of cun-ent flow through the electrolyte.
A rechargeable battery comprising a piezoceramic component having a pair of attached electrodes is known from RU 2087066. '7°he battery is charged by heating the piezoceramic compo~~ent.
There is also known, from RU 207~~75, an accumulator comprising a capacitor bank which is charged by way of a dynamo.
CONFIRMATION COPY
All of these devices have an inadequate operational liFe and tend to be environmentally unfriendly, According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a rechargeable battery including an energy storage member in the form of a solid state dielectric or semiconductor material having formed therein a plurality of holes with elongate conductors located within the holes and contacting the energy storage member at least at one point along their lengths, a first pair of electrodes adapted to apply a DG
voltage therebetween and formed or located on generally opposed sides of the energy storage member in a first spatial orientation and a second pair of electrodes formed or located on generally opposed sides of the enez-gy storage member in a second spatial orientation diCfez°ent front the first, In operation, the application of a DC voltage across the first pair of electrodes Forms an electric weld across the solid state material which induces electrostatic charges in the elongate conductors, thereby generating a voltage across the second pair of electrodes.
Advantageously, at least some of the elongate conductors have substantially the same or similar spatial orientation to each other. 1n a particularly preferred embodiment, enough of tha conductors extend in substantially the same or similar direction so as to give the solid state material isotropic properties; that is to say, more conductors extend substantially in one given, predominant direction than in any other.
The conduclors and electrodes are preferably conFgured such chat an imaginary line drawl between the first pair of electrodes extends substantially perpendicular to the predominant conducfor direction and such that an imaginary line drawn between the second pair of electrodes extends substantially parallel to the predominant conductor dII'eGtloll.
According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a rechargeable battery comprising an energy storage positioned between two pairs of electrodes. The energy storage is made From solid-state dielectric or semiconductor material containing holes with elongate conductors located within the holes.
The elongate conductors are Founed so that they are attached to the solid state body at least at one point along their length. At least some of these conductors have substantially the same or similar spatial orientation to each other. A first pair of electrodes is located on generally opposed sides of energy storage in a first spatial orientation and is adapted to apply DC voltage there between. A second pair of 7 0 electrodes, being the output electrodes, is formed or located on generally opposed sides of the energy storage in a second spatial orientation different from the First one.
The conductors and electrodes are preferably conTigured such that an imaginary line drawn between the first pair of electrodes extends substantially pependicular to the predominant conductor direction and such that an imaginary line drawn between the second pair of electrodes extends substantially parallel to the predominant conductor direction.
The elongate conductors are formed so that they contact the solid state material at least at some point along their lengths.
Preferably, the first pair of electrodes is formed or located tightly against the solid state material.
Preferably, the second pair of electrodes is formed or located Tightly against The solid state material.
The electrodes may be electroFormed, electrodepositeci or sputtered onto the solid state material. Alternatively, the electrodes may be formed separately and clamped, 3U adhered or otherwise located on the solid state material.
The electrodes may be founed Pram metals such as gold, silver, platinum or copper or combinations thereof: Other metals may be used where appropriate.
The solid state material is a dielectric or semiconductor material, for example as described in the present applicant's copending International patent application WO
00/40506, the full disclosure of which is hereby incorporated into the present application by reference.
The solid state material may be a dielectric ceramic material such as a solid state crystalline ceramic material, including piezoceramic materials and solid eomposife mixtures of different ceramic materials. The solid state material may also be a semiconductor, such as silicon or gallium arsenide, among others. The solid state material may be a composite mixture of dielectric and semiconductor materials.
The solid state material may be manufactured in accordance with the manufacturing processes described in WO 00/4DSD6; that is to say, the holes may be formed by an electrical erosion process and the conductors may be formed by local ion precipitation within the holes.
The holes may be in the form o~f pores, and preferably have a diameter of up to 2pOnm, more preferably from l0nm to 200nm.
'fhe conductors may be formed from metals such as gold, silver, platinum or copper or combinations thereof Other metals may be used where appropriate. The conductors are preferably in the form of elongate Filaments or fibres, and one or more Olaments or fibres may be located within a given elongate hole.
The conductors preferably have a diameter of up to 200nm, more preferably from 1 Dnm to 200nm.
The holes and the canductors advantageously have a longitudinal length of 100nm to 1000nm, although lengths outside this range may be appropriate in particular circumstances.
When a DC voltage is applied across first pair of electrodes, a DC electric field is generated across the solid state material. 'this electric f eld causes electrostatic charges to be induced in the elongate conductors, and these charges will Then move under the influence oC the electric field so as to induce a potential difference across the second pair of electrodes. By applying a potential difference across the first pair of electrodes and connecting a load or other circuitry across the second pair, cuu-ent can be caused to flow through the load or other circuitry.
The rechargeable cell of the present invention does not include any chemically active components, and is thus environmentally friendly. Furthermore, because there is I ~ little or no mechanical or thermal degradation during recharging, the cell of the present invention has an improved operational life as compared to existing accumulators. In some embodiments, the present invention provides a 20°~Q
improvement in operational lime over existing rechargeable batteries.
~'or a better understanding of the present invention and to show how it rnay be carried into efFect, reference shall now be made by way of example to the accompanying drawing, in which:
FIGURI3 1 shows a solid state material provided with two pairs of electrodes.
Figure 1 shows a solid state ceramic block I having a plurality of elongate pores in which era formed a plurality of elongate conductive filaments 2 made out of silver.
'hl~e pores and the filaments 2 have a predominant longitudinal direction indicated by arrow 'A'. A Crst pair of silver electrodes 3 is electroformed, one on either side of the solid state material 1, such that an imaginary line drawn between the electrodes 3 is substantially perpendicular to the predominant direction ~A'. A second pair of silver electrodes 4 is electrofonned, one on either side of the solid state material 1, such that an imaginary line drawn between the electrodes 4 is substantially parallel to the predominant direction 'A'. A DC voltage applied across the electrodes 3 causes an electric field to be generated across the solid state material 1, The electric field induces electrostatic charges in the filaments 2, the charges then being caused to move along the filaments 2 under the influence of the electric field so as to generate a DC voltage across the electrodes 4, this voltage then being available to cause an electric current to pass through a load (not shown) connected across the electrodes 4.
Example 1. Piezoceramic material with metal filaments laid in pores.
I~Fanapores are formed on one of the end faces of a piezoceramic blank produced by standard technology (a pressed pieaoceramic charge with a binder is fired at a temperature of 1450°C and gradually cooled) by an electrical erosion method using a first probe of point diameter 20nm, made of antimony sulfoiodide (SSbI), by supplying pulses of negative polarity (pitch ol~ treatment - 600nm, moth tying voltage 4V; treatment time for each pare - 400nsee). A second probe, made of silver (point diameter l0nm) is then used, with pulses of positive polarity supplied, to form silver nanofilaments in the formed nanopores by a method of local ion precipitation (pitch of treatment - 600nm; modifying voltage 2V; treatment time for each pore 600nsec).
The positioning of the first and second probes is carried out with the aid of a scanning tunnel microscope, The concentration of pores averaged 3 pores per lam'.
A piezoceramic plate treated by the above method was subjected to study for strength (breaking strain). 'this was 3100I~llmm~. whereas the strength of an analogous plate which had not been subjected to this treatment was 2200N1mm~.
The electromechanical coupling coefficient, which is inversely proportional to the value of the acoustic lasses in the material, increased from 0.71 to 0.85.
The present application is cross-referenced with a simultaneously-filed U'K
application entitled "Rechargeable Battez-y" and having the agents' reference CTV/P4S202.1 (please insert applicationlpublication number), the full disclosure of 1 U which is hereby incorporated into the present application by reFerence.
Various rechargeable batteries are known in the az-t. These include chemical accumulators based, for example, on nickel-cadmium or nickel-metal hydride systems. These battez'ies have a limited operational life due to izxeversible chemical 1S changes that gradually take place within the battery upon charging and discharging, and they are environmentally unfriendly in that they contain toxic chemicals.
An accumulator comprising a capacitoz~ having a pair of electrode plates, one on either side of a solid electrolyte is known From R~J 2070756. The battery is charged 20 by way of current flow through the electrolyte, An accumulator comprising a capacitor having a pair of electrode plates immersed in a liquid electrolyte is known from RL.~ 2132S8S. The battery is changed by way of cun-ent flow through the electrolyte.
A rechargeable battery comprising a piezoceramic component having a pair of attached electrodes is known from RU 2087066. '7°he battery is charged by heating the piezoceramic compo~~ent.
There is also known, from RU 207~~75, an accumulator comprising a capacitor bank which is charged by way of a dynamo.
CONFIRMATION COPY
All of these devices have an inadequate operational liFe and tend to be environmentally unfriendly, According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a rechargeable battery including an energy storage member in the form of a solid state dielectric or semiconductor material having formed therein a plurality of holes with elongate conductors located within the holes and contacting the energy storage member at least at one point along their lengths, a first pair of electrodes adapted to apply a DG
voltage therebetween and formed or located on generally opposed sides of the energy storage member in a first spatial orientation and a second pair of electrodes formed or located on generally opposed sides of the enez-gy storage member in a second spatial orientation diCfez°ent front the first, In operation, the application of a DC voltage across the first pair of electrodes Forms an electric weld across the solid state material which induces electrostatic charges in the elongate conductors, thereby generating a voltage across the second pair of electrodes.
Advantageously, at least some of the elongate conductors have substantially the same or similar spatial orientation to each other. 1n a particularly preferred embodiment, enough of tha conductors extend in substantially the same or similar direction so as to give the solid state material isotropic properties; that is to say, more conductors extend substantially in one given, predominant direction than in any other.
The conduclors and electrodes are preferably conFgured such chat an imaginary line drawl between the first pair of electrodes extends substantially perpendicular to the predominant conducfor direction and such that an imaginary line drawn between the second pair of electrodes extends substantially parallel to the predominant conductor dII'eGtloll.
According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a rechargeable battery comprising an energy storage positioned between two pairs of electrodes. The energy storage is made From solid-state dielectric or semiconductor material containing holes with elongate conductors located within the holes.
The elongate conductors are Founed so that they are attached to the solid state body at least at one point along their length. At least some of these conductors have substantially the same or similar spatial orientation to each other. A first pair of electrodes is located on generally opposed sides of energy storage in a first spatial orientation and is adapted to apply DC voltage there between. A second pair of 7 0 electrodes, being the output electrodes, is formed or located on generally opposed sides of the energy storage in a second spatial orientation different from the First one.
The conductors and electrodes are preferably conTigured such that an imaginary line drawn between the first pair of electrodes extends substantially pependicular to the predominant conductor direction and such that an imaginary line drawn between the second pair of electrodes extends substantially parallel to the predominant conductor direction.
The elongate conductors are formed so that they contact the solid state material at least at some point along their lengths.
Preferably, the first pair of electrodes is formed or located tightly against the solid state material.
Preferably, the second pair of electrodes is formed or located Tightly against The solid state material.
The electrodes may be electroFormed, electrodepositeci or sputtered onto the solid state material. Alternatively, the electrodes may be formed separately and clamped, 3U adhered or otherwise located on the solid state material.
The electrodes may be founed Pram metals such as gold, silver, platinum or copper or combinations thereof: Other metals may be used where appropriate.
The solid state material is a dielectric or semiconductor material, for example as described in the present applicant's copending International patent application WO
00/40506, the full disclosure of which is hereby incorporated into the present application by reference.
The solid state material may be a dielectric ceramic material such as a solid state crystalline ceramic material, including piezoceramic materials and solid eomposife mixtures of different ceramic materials. The solid state material may also be a semiconductor, such as silicon or gallium arsenide, among others. The solid state material may be a composite mixture of dielectric and semiconductor materials.
The solid state material may be manufactured in accordance with the manufacturing processes described in WO 00/4DSD6; that is to say, the holes may be formed by an electrical erosion process and the conductors may be formed by local ion precipitation within the holes.
The holes may be in the form o~f pores, and preferably have a diameter of up to 2pOnm, more preferably from l0nm to 200nm.
'fhe conductors may be formed from metals such as gold, silver, platinum or copper or combinations thereof Other metals may be used where appropriate. The conductors are preferably in the form of elongate Filaments or fibres, and one or more Olaments or fibres may be located within a given elongate hole.
The conductors preferably have a diameter of up to 200nm, more preferably from 1 Dnm to 200nm.
The holes and the canductors advantageously have a longitudinal length of 100nm to 1000nm, although lengths outside this range may be appropriate in particular circumstances.
When a DC voltage is applied across first pair of electrodes, a DC electric field is generated across the solid state material. 'this electric f eld causes electrostatic charges to be induced in the elongate conductors, and these charges will Then move under the influence oC the electric field so as to induce a potential difference across the second pair of electrodes. By applying a potential difference across the first pair of electrodes and connecting a load or other circuitry across the second pair, cuu-ent can be caused to flow through the load or other circuitry.
The rechargeable cell of the present invention does not include any chemically active components, and is thus environmentally friendly. Furthermore, because there is I ~ little or no mechanical or thermal degradation during recharging, the cell of the present invention has an improved operational life as compared to existing accumulators. In some embodiments, the present invention provides a 20°~Q
improvement in operational lime over existing rechargeable batteries.
~'or a better understanding of the present invention and to show how it rnay be carried into efFect, reference shall now be made by way of example to the accompanying drawing, in which:
FIGURI3 1 shows a solid state material provided with two pairs of electrodes.
Figure 1 shows a solid state ceramic block I having a plurality of elongate pores in which era formed a plurality of elongate conductive filaments 2 made out of silver.
'hl~e pores and the filaments 2 have a predominant longitudinal direction indicated by arrow 'A'. A Crst pair of silver electrodes 3 is electroformed, one on either side of the solid state material 1, such that an imaginary line drawn between the electrodes 3 is substantially perpendicular to the predominant direction ~A'. A second pair of silver electrodes 4 is electrofonned, one on either side of the solid state material 1, such that an imaginary line drawn between the electrodes 4 is substantially parallel to the predominant direction 'A'. A DC voltage applied across the electrodes 3 causes an electric field to be generated across the solid state material 1, The electric field induces electrostatic charges in the filaments 2, the charges then being caused to move along the filaments 2 under the influence of the electric field so as to generate a DC voltage across the electrodes 4, this voltage then being available to cause an electric current to pass through a load (not shown) connected across the electrodes 4.
Example 1. Piezoceramic material with metal filaments laid in pores.
I~Fanapores are formed on one of the end faces of a piezoceramic blank produced by standard technology (a pressed pieaoceramic charge with a binder is fired at a temperature of 1450°C and gradually cooled) by an electrical erosion method using a first probe of point diameter 20nm, made of antimony sulfoiodide (SSbI), by supplying pulses of negative polarity (pitch ol~ treatment - 600nm, moth tying voltage 4V; treatment time for each pare - 400nsee). A second probe, made of silver (point diameter l0nm) is then used, with pulses of positive polarity supplied, to form silver nanofilaments in the formed nanopores by a method of local ion precipitation (pitch of treatment - 600nm; modifying voltage 2V; treatment time for each pore 600nsec).
The positioning of the first and second probes is carried out with the aid of a scanning tunnel microscope, The concentration of pores averaged 3 pores per lam'.
A piezoceramic plate treated by the above method was subjected to study for strength (breaking strain). 'this was 3100I~llmm~. whereas the strength of an analogous plate which had not been subjected to this treatment was 2200N1mm~.
The electromechanical coupling coefficient, which is inversely proportional to the value of the acoustic lasses in the material, increased from 0.71 to 0.85.
Claims (20)
1. A rechargeable battery including an energy storage member in the form of a solid state dielectric or semiconductor material having formed therein a plurality of holes with elongate conductors located within the holes and contacting the energy storage member at least at one point along their lengths, a first pair of electrodes adapted to apply a DC voltage therebetween and formed or located on generally opposed sides of the energy storage member in a first spatial orientation and a second pair of electrodes formed or located on generally opposed sides of the energy storage member in a second spatial orientation different from the first.
2. A battery as claimed in claim 1, wherein at least some of the holes and conductors extend in substantially one direction.
3. A battery as claimed in claim 2, wherein more of the holes and conductors extend substantially in a given direction than in any other direction.
4. A battery as claimed in claim 3, wherein an imaginary line drawn between the first pair of electrodes extends substantially perpendicular to the given direction.
5. A battery as claimed in claim 3 or 4, wherein an imaginary line drawn between the second pair of electrodes extends substantially parallel to the given direction.
6. A battery as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the first pair of electrodes is formed or located tightly against the energy storage member.
7. A battery as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the second pair of electrodes is formed or located tightly against the energy storage member.
8. A battery as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the holes are formed as pores.
9, A battery as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the energy storage member is formed from a dielectric material.
10. A battery as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the energy storage member is formed from a semiconductor material.
11. A battery as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the energy storage member is formed from a composite of a semiconductor material and a dielectric material.
12. A battery as claimed in claim 9 or 11, wherein the dielectric material is a ceramic material.
13. A battery as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein at least part of the conductors is formed from silver.
14. A battery as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein at least part of the conductors is formed from gold.
15. A battery as claimed in any one of claims 1 to l2, wherein at least part of the conductors is formed from platinum.
16. A battery as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein at least part of the conductors is formed from copper.
17. A battery as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the holes have a diameter of 10nm to 200nm.
18. A battery as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the conductors leave a diameter of 10nm to 200nm.
19. A battery as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the holes have a length of 10nm to 1000nm.
20. A battery as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the conductors have a length of 10nm to 1000nm.
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB0026393A GB2368465B (en) | 2000-10-28 | 2000-10-28 | Rechargeable battery |
| GB0026392A GB0026392D0 (en) | 2000-10-28 | 2000-10-28 | Rechargeable battery |
| GB0026392.1 | 2000-10-28 | ||
| GB0026393.9 | 2000-10-28 | ||
| PCT/GB2001/004765 WO2002035637A1 (en) | 2000-10-28 | 2001-10-29 | Rechargeable battery |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2426379A1 true CA2426379A1 (en) | 2002-05-02 |
Family
ID=26245208
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002426379A Abandoned CA2426379A1 (en) | 2000-10-28 | 2001-10-29 | Rechargeable battery |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1336217A1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2004512696A (en) |
| KR (1) | KR20030051743A (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1502142A (en) |
| AU (1) | AU2002210723A1 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2426379A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2002035637A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20110128727A1 (en) * | 2008-07-23 | 2011-06-02 | Nxp B.V. | Integrated seebeck device |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3426199C2 (en) * | 1984-07-17 | 1994-02-03 | Asea Brown Boveri | Bridging element |
| FI97921C (en) * | 1992-10-13 | 1997-03-10 | Nokia Mobile Phones Ltd | Integrated battery capacitor and its use |
| GB2365875B (en) * | 1998-12-30 | 2003-03-26 | Intellikraft Ltd | Solid state material |
-
2001
- 2001-10-29 EP EP01978626A patent/EP1336217A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2001-10-29 KR KR10-2003-7005711A patent/KR20030051743A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2001-10-29 JP JP2002538511A patent/JP2004512696A/en active Pending
- 2001-10-29 CA CA002426379A patent/CA2426379A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-10-29 AU AU2002210723A patent/AU2002210723A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-10-29 WO PCT/GB2001/004765 patent/WO2002035637A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2001-10-29 CN CNA018178138A patent/CN1502142A/en active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2004512696A (en) | 2004-04-22 |
| EP1336217A1 (en) | 2003-08-20 |
| AU2002210723A1 (en) | 2002-05-06 |
| CN1502142A (en) | 2004-06-02 |
| WO2002035637A1 (en) | 2002-05-02 |
| KR20030051743A (en) | 2003-06-25 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| FZDE | Discontinued |