GB2334971A

GB2334971A - Method of finishing a yarn

Info

Publication number: GB2334971A
Application number: GB9814943A
Authority: GB
Inventors: Helmut Ritter; Patrick Buechmueller; Gotthilf Bertsch; Erwin Schwarz
Original assignee: Heberlein Fasertechnologie AG
Current assignee: Heberlein AG
Priority date: 1998-03-03
Filing date: 1998-07-09
Publication date: 1999-09-08
Also published as: GB9814943D0; WO1999045182A1; WO1999045185A1; DE19809600C1

Abstract

A method of finishing a yarn comprises subjecting it to a compressed air stream in a texturing (101) or interlacing (110) nozzle and heating the yarn, e.g. in a steam chamber (DK 1 or DK 2 ) before and/or after passing through the nozzle. The texturing nozzle may have a supersonic airflow. The nozzle may be made in two parts held together by pins and by clamping means.

Description

Method of finishing yarn and yarn finishing arrangement The invention relates to a method of finishing yarn, consisting of a plurality of continuous filaments using at least one yarn finishing nozzle, and to a yarn finishing arrangement.

The finishing of continuous filament yarn has two main functions. On the one hand, a textile character and also technological textile properties are to be imparted to the yarn produced from industrially generated filaments. On the other hand, the yarn is to be finished to impart specific quality features to the end product, which are very often not attainable in products produced using natural fibres. The main fields of application are in the industrial processing of textiles, for example for the building sector, the automotive industry, for carpet production or for special textile products in the context of the sports and leisure industry.

The aim is no longer to process natural products with specific preparations for best possible industrial manufacture.

Rather, the aim is to optimize the manufacturing process for industrially produced filaments and the yarns and fabrics generated from them. Optimization here denotes the obtaining of or increase in specific quality criteria and reduction of the production costs. As known, production costs can be reduced in various ways: - The most obvious way is to increase the flow rate in a given production plant but with optimum use of energy.

- A second possibility resides in process engineering which does not necessarily involve an increase in the flow rate, but ensures specific quality criteria even with high yarn flow rates.

- A third way involves increasing the service life of wearing parts.

The textile industry is one of the most complex branches of industry insofar as several independent branches of trade and industry participate, from the raw material, particularly in the case of continuous filaments, to the finished fabric.

None of the branches is completely autonomous, but a manufacturing chain is involved, in which each processing change in one stage can influence the following or preceding stages. However, it is undecided whether the final consumer accepts or rejects the product, as changes in quality properties often occur as a result of new processes.

In some product sectors, particularly in the context of filament spinning, the finishing of yarn via yarn finishing nozzles is the most important section. The structural change from smooth yarn to a textured or interlaced yarn is produced merely by mechanical pneumatic forces, an air stream being generated in the ultrasonic range in the first case and a double vortex in the second case. All former tests have shown that the texturing or interlacing effect is barely affected by using hot air for the air stream. The simplest explanation is that, in both cases, the compressed air suddenly expands and simultaneously cools. The heating effect of heated compressed air is substantially eliminated during expansion or the corresponding cooling.

Relaxation in the context of a stretching process is a known application of hot steam. Very high requirements are imposed on the yarn finishing arrangements when hot steam is used.

The yarn treatment members are always produced from highly wear resistant material as the shelf life of a yarn treatment nozzle would otherwise be much too short. One of the main causes of problems for yarn treatment nozzles lies in preparation. The yarn is provided with protective materials immediately after the spinning process, that is the generation of individual filaments. The protective materials should predominantly assist subsequent manufacture in that the yarn itself is subjected to a corresponding preparation. The substances used for preparation also have a predominantly oily lubricating property so the sliding friction of the yarn throughout the course of manufacture can be kept as low as possible, the risk of damaging the yarn can be reduced and abrasion on the sliding faces of the conveying and processing units can be minimized. However, there is a number of other factors which are favourably influenced by the preparation or the preparation agents, for example static charges.

Protection of the yarn against fungal attack during storage between the various stages of processing is a broad area. The factors discussed give an impressive picture of the practical conditions for yarn finishing arrangements. The cooperation of pressure, heat, moisture and a plurality of chemical substances during preparation cause very aggressive local conditions not only for the material of the yarn treatment members but also for each connecting means for the individual parts of the yarn treatment members. A distinction is made between open and closed constructions of yarn treatment nozzles. In the case of open nozzles, the running yarn can be inserted into or removed from the yarn duct via a threading slot. Depending on the field of application, two-part yarn treatment nozzles are also opened for threading by means of a sliding plate, for example according to DE 195 43 631. It is also possible to protect the opening movement by a tilting movement according to EPA 338 980. In both these cases, the yarn treatment nozzle consists of two parts, a nozzle member with air supply and with the yarn treatment duct as well as a covering plate which is designed only as a flat plate. No precision is demanded of the position of the flat plate apart from the fact that the surfaces come to rest flat and tightly on one another after each opening and closure. The connecting means of two-part yarn treatment members represent a further problem. This applies quite particularly if each part has recesses which have to fit exactly when assembled so lateral sliding movements with respect to the yarn path cannot be applied owing to the exact positioning.

It is accordingly an aim of the invention to optimize the manufacturing process during the finishing of yarn by, for example, allowing higher yarn conveyance rates without a loss in quality and also developing a connection between single-, dual- or multi-part yarn treatment members or nozzles for the apparatus, which are insensitive toward the preparation and allow precise positioning, in particular with respect to the use of hot air and steam. Furthermore, it should be possible to produce the yarn treatment members from highly wear resistant materials such as ceramic, in particular for use with hot steam, for example superheated steam at 10 bar and higher, for example for relaxation after a preceding operation.

A method according to the invention is characterized in that the yarn finishing process comprises, in combination, - a yarn treatment main stage of utilizing the mechanical effect of a compressed air stream in a yarn treatment nozzle, and - a heat treatment preceding and/or following the yarn treatment main stage by heating of the yarn, to provide thermal assistance for the mechanical effect of the compressed air stream.

Reference is made to claims 2 to 10 for particularly advantageous embodiments of the method. The invention also relates to a yarn finishing arrangement with at least one yarn finishing nozzle consisting of a feed unit 1 for feeding the yarn, a texturing nozzle with compressed air supply with a yarn duct designed as an ultrasonic duct and a feed unit 2 directly after the texturing nozzle, the ultrasonic duct having a length more than 11A times the diameter at the beginning of the acceleration duct and a total opening angle (a2) greater than 100 and smaller than 40 , and is characterized in that a yarn heating arrangement is disposed directly after the texturing nozzle, before the feed unit 2 and/or directly before the texturing nozzle after the feed unit 1. Particularly advantageous embodiments are described in claims 12 to 16.

The invention also relates to a yarn finishing arrangement with pin connection for single-, dual- or multi-part treatment members made of highly wear-resistant, in particular ceramic material, and is characterized in that the pin connection has at least two locating pins parallel to the axis which are held in a first part of the member by mechanical clamping means and are guided through a locating bore in a second part of the member, for positioning and installation/removal in the axial direction of the locating pins. Reference is made to claims 17 to 25 for particularly advantageous embodiments. The inventors have recognized that, with respect to the treatment members, connecting means only remain reliable in operation if they cannot be influenced by heat, steam or chemical substances. The efforts, for example, with glued joints could not satisfactorily solve all practical problems. Furthermore, glued joints can only be investigated if the practical conditions are already known. However, the composition of glued joint cannot be determined with respect to the attack by unknown future chemicals, possibly with additional heat and moisture. Many other types of joint have been tested. With the first pin connections according to the invention it was surprisingly found that the nozzle members could be produced in a noticeably much smaller miniaturized form in relation to the state of the art. The pitch between two yarn paths can be selected to be smaller when using a plurality of nozzles next to one another. This sometimes even has repercussions on the machine size in some applications. Owing to miniaturization, additional yarn paths can be provided on one and the same machine size and the total output of the machine increased accordingly. This means that the connecting means otherwise formerly used in the clock-making industry affords unexpected advantages at quite different levels. The cohesion of the parts in terms of force can successfully be ensured by a conventional screw connection. The invention allows a number of advantageous embodiments. Substantially identical locating bore may be disposed in two treatment members or nozzle members to be connected and one locating bore as a slot-like locating bore in a nozzle member. As known, the highly wear-resistant materials, particularly ceramic, are not only very difficult to process but also expand to different extents relative to normal metallic materials under the influence of temperature. The clamping means or holding means for the locating pins can be a tensioning spring or an open tensioning ring. In an embodiment, it is proposed that, on the locating pins for a respective tensioning ring, a corresponding groove be disposed in such a way that the tensioning ring diameter can be reduced by an external force during installation and removal of the locating pins. A portion of the pins may be designed to be compressible, for example owing to different hardness, rather than using a tensioning spring, so that mechanical compression can be employed instead of a tensioning spring. The locating pins are preferably miniaturized in diameter or are needle-shaped in design. The locating pin has a mere positioning function. For positioning purposes, the locating pin only has to be sufficiently thick in size, not to be damaged during assembly of the parts, and no forces act upon the locating pins during the yarn manufacturing process.

The connection produced by force is preferably produced by a screw connection.

According to a further embodiment, with the nozzle member, in which the locating pin is held by the clamping means, there is disposed an entry cone which leads into a clearance for the clamping means and a tensioning ring as holding shoulder, for longitudinal positioning of the locating pin. With the preferred solution, the nozzle is designed in two parts, as nozzle plate and covering plate, the locating pins preferably being rotatably fixable with the clamping means in the nozzle plate. For this purpose, the covering plate has a blind bore with slightly enlarged diameter at the bore end and a locating bore for the locating pin in the bore entry part. The connection particularly preferably consists of two locating pins which can also have slight play in the locating bore in the installed state such that the locating pins are at least theoretically still rotatable. It is also possible to arrange the locating pins so that they project slightly on one side of a nozzle member in such a way that the nozzle members can be plugged onto one another on a base plate in the manner of Lego and also in any number. The use of two locating pins has the great advantage that the connection is exactly defined geometrically with respect to positioning. This does not apply when using only one locating pin. Drawbacks relating to the problem of expansion as well as the precision of production arise when using more than two locating pins.

In most applications, at least one nozzle part or treatment member part, but preferably both parts7 are of ceramic material and the locating pins of high strength steel or ceramic.

Embodiments of the present invention will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: Figure 1 gives an overall view of the various stages of the process.

Figure 2a is section I-I through Figure 2b of a yarn treatment member with steam chamber.

Figure 2b is section II-II from Figure 2a.

Figures 3a to 3e show the state of the art with respect to texturing.

Figure 4 shows a solution according to the invention for the texturing of yarn.

Figures 5a to Sd show different variations of heat treatments.

Figure 6 shows the possible stages of performance of the various embodiments.

Figure 7a shows the assembly of a two-part air treatment member.

Figure 7b shows a pin connection according to the invention between two parts according to Figure 7a.

Figure 8a is section III-III from Figure 8b.

Figure 8b is section IV-IV from Figure 8a.

Figure 9 shows a further embodiment of the pin connection.

Figure 10a shows the positioning and fastening of an air treatment nozzle.

Figure 10b shows the positioning and assembly of two air treatment nozzles.

Reference will accordingly be made hereinafter to Figure 1 which shows an overall view of an air finishing stage. A texturing process is shown in the central portion of the figure from top to bottom on the left and an interlacing process to the right of it. In the texturing process, reference is made to WO 97/30200, whose contents form an integral part of the present patent application. Smooth yarn 100 is guided from the top via a first feed unit LW1 at a given conveying velocity V1 to a texturing nozzle 101 and through the yarn duct 104. Highly compressed air is blown via compressed air ducts 103 connected to a compressed air source PL, at an angle a in the conveying direction of the yarn into the yarn duct 104. The yarn duct 104 opens ,conically immediately thereafter such that an ultrasonic flow, preferably higher than Mach 2, is adjusted in the conical portion 102. The surges generate the actual texturing, as described in detail in the aforementioned WO 97/30200. The first portion from the air intake point 105 into the yarn duct 104 into the first portion of the conical enlargement 102 serves to loosen and open the smooth yarn so the individual filaments are exposed to the ultrasonic flow. Depending on the level of the available air pressure (9... 12 to 14 bar and higher), texturing takes place either still within the conical part 102 or in the outlet region. There is direct proportionality between Mach number and texturing. The higher the Mach number, the stronger the surge and the more intensive the texturing. The productivity is affected by two critical parameters: the desired quality standard and the flapping which leads to the collapse of texturing during a further increase in the velocity of conveyance.

The productivity could be increased to 1,500 m/min without collapse of texturing during the tests described in W097/30200.

Best texturing qualities could be achieved at production rates of up to over 800 m/min. The inventors have surprisingly discovered one or two completely new quality parameters if the above-mentioned formula (higher Mach number = greater surge = more intensive texturing) could be confirmed in all tests.

The discovered parameter(s) lie in a heat treatment which precedes and/or follows the main stages of yarn treatment (texturing in this case). a) Thermal after-treatment A person skilled in the art assesses an important quality criterion during texturing by means of the yarn tension of the yarn issuing from the texturing nozzle which is also recognized as a gauge of the intensity of texturing. The yarn tension is adjusted on the textured yarn 106 between the texturing nozzle (TD) and a feed unit 2 (LW2). In this region, the tensioned yarn was subjected to a heat treatment.

The yarn was heated to about 1800C. First tests could be carried out successfully both with a hot pin or heated rollers and with a hot plate (without contact), with the surprising result that the quality limit could be raised significantly with respect to the velocity of conveyance. It is assumed at present that the described thermal after-treatment exerts a fixing and simultaneous shrinkage effect on the textured yarn and thereby assists texturing. b) Thermal pretreatment Even more surprisingly, the thermal pretreatment similarly has a positive effect on the texturing process. The combined effect of shrinkage and yarn opening in the portion between the air intake point into the yarn duct and the first portion of the conical enlargement, in the region of the ultrasonic velocity, is the reason for the success. Tests with both a hot plate and a hot pin as sources of heat could be carried out successfully here. A negative cooling effect owing to the expansion of air can possibly be avoided with the thermal pretreatment of the yarn and texturing can therefore be improved in the heated yarn.

A further successful test could be carried out in the context of an interlacing process. Yarn interlacing is a quite different procedure. Ultrasound is not generated in an interlacing nozzle, at least owing to the duct geometry. On the other hand, the double vortex typical of this method is generated. The result is continuous knot formation in the yarn, as shown in the right-hand part of the figure. The yarn 100 is supplied by a feed unit 1 (LW1) to an interlacing nozzle VWD 110. The characteristic feature accordingly resides in the double vortex 111 within the interlacing nozzle, knots 112 being formed continuously. Nothing apparently changes with respect to the knots and the interlaced yarn 113 up to the feed unit LW2.

During texturing, loops are formed on the individual filaments and are bound so strongly into the yarn that the loops cannot be removed merely by pulling. On the other hand, in the case of interlaced yarn, the knots can be eliminated again by repeated pulling. Knot formation has nowhere near the same binding strength as texturing. After interlacing, the yarn was accordingly subjected to a thermal after-treatment with hot steam 114 (D) in a steam chamber 41. The hot steam has several effects. On the one hand, the very intensive heating effect due to the hot steam has a relaxing effect. However, as no direct mechanical forces of the air stream act in the steam chamber, there are no negative influences on the interlacing knots. Rather, knot formation is assisted in a positive manner. The described manufacturing processes, that is texturing as well as interlacing, are based on a significant discovery. If the effect of a processing medium, whether hot air, hot steam or another hot gas, is maximized, the additional thermal process steps should be separated in position and preferably carried out directly in succession on the running yarn. To optimize the process, they should be carried out not in isolation but in a common portion of the process under the same yarn tensions, particularly preferably between two feed units. The thermal treatment is carried out under the tensions in the filaments or in the yarn generated mechanically by the compressed air.

Figures 2a and 2b show a thermal treatment member 40 comprising two through-chambers 41, 41a specially for the treatment of yarn with hot steam. The through-chamber has a yarn inlet 42, a yarn outlet 43 and a medium feed orifice 44 in the central region. If the medium is hot steam, extremely aggressive conditions are created as a drawback in conjunction with preparation. The illustrated example is of particular interest insofar as the two through-chambers have a noticeably great length L which is demanded by the operating procedure and has to be determined in each individual case. As shown in Figure 2b, the yarn treatment member 40 has not only one but two through-chambers 41 and 41a. According to an advantageous embodiment of the connecting means, the two chambers can be constructed particularly closely to one another. This is particularly advantageous if many parallel yarn paths are required as the pitch T between the yarn paths can be extremely small. The locating pin and screw connection described hereinafter are preferably disposed on a line parallel to the yarn path. A second yarn treatment nozzle is shown in dot dash lines in Figure 2b, a respective yarn path being designated by fl, f2, f3. The illustrated treatment member 40 is symmetrical in design so the direction of yarn travel is immaterial. The medium supplied via the feed orifice 44 leaves the through steam chamber via the yarn inlet 42 and the yarn outlet 43. The quantity of steam is still small and can issue into the room if the single steam treatment position is used. However, if many steam positions are used in the same room, the hot steam has to be collected and discharged from the through-chamber 41, 41a. This can be effected via steam outlet bores 44, 44' and a steam collecting line 45.

One or more positions are advantageously surrounded by a common steam collecting housing 46. The control of medium into the through-chamber, but also out of the through-chamber, is a very important aspect. The characteristic feature of a conventional yarn finishing nozzle is that the compressed air is bundled into a strong air jet and guided into the yarn duct for generating a quite specific flow. The situation is quite different in the thermal treatment member according to the invention. A jet effect is to be avoided here. The chamber length is designated by KL and the length of the medium feed orifice 44 by DZL in Figure 2b. In the example illustrated, the length DZL is more than one third of the length KL. The steam can also be supplied via several bores. It is important to avoid an orientated jet effect caused by the thermal medium during the thermal treatment, whether hot air, hot steam or any hot mixture of media which may also contain, for example, preparation agents.

Figures 3a to 3e show the typical state of the art solutions, examples of textured yarns being shown in Figure 3d and a conventional texturing nozzle in Figure 3e. Figure 3a shows the known individual or parallel processing of FOY (fully oriented yatn) yarn schematically. Figure 3b shows the parallel processing of FOY and POY (partially or preoriented yarn) yarn. Figure 3c shows the processing of POY yarn with core and effect yarn.

Figure 4 shows schematically the use of the solution according to the invention during texturing. In contrast to the illustration in Figure 1, the so-called hot plate is shown for the heat treatment, i.e. contact-free heating ducts, of the type used in Figures 3b and 3c. The air finishing stage is designated by LvSt in Figure 4, as in Figure 1. Figure 4 shows a thermal pretreatment 120 as well as a thermal aftertreatment 121 with the most important process data concerning air pressure, temperature and yarn velocities. After the air finishing stage, the yarn is usually drawn by a few more percent (1 to 2%) or subjected to a stretching process. The yarn is then guided over a heater again which can also be a steam chamber according to the invention. If hot steam is used at one point for the heat treatment, it may be advisable to design the other heating positions also with hot steam.

Figures 5a to 5d show the use of the so-called heated and driven rollers for the heat treatment in the most important applications.

The temperature detail shows whether the position is heated in each case. A hot plate or a steam through-chamber according to the invention can accordingly also be used in each case in all illustrations.

Figure 6 shows the velocity ranges diagramatically, the possible increase in the productivity being shown in each case for an identical quality of texturing. The illustrated blocks show, from bottom to top, the various texturing facilities according to Figures 4 and 5 with the increase in output or productivity achieved in each case while maintaining a specific predetermined yarn quality.

Block 500 shows the state of the art with a texturing nozzle according to Figure 3c.

Block 150 shows a texturing nozzle according to WO 97/30200.

Block 100 additionally shows a set heater (according to Figure 4).

Block 250 additionally shows a thermal after-treatment (Figure 5a).

Block 200 additionally shown a thermal pretreatment (Figure 5d).

In the case of texturing, the increase in output with constant quality was of interest only with a texturing nozzle according to WO 97/30200 with more than Mach 2 in the ultrasonic duct.

Figures 7a and 7b are sections through a dual part air treatment nozzle 1 consisting of a nozzle plate 3 and a covering plate 2. The two parts can be rigidly connected to the air treatment nozzle 1 by a screw 4 (Figure lib). For exact positioning, in particular as an aid to installation, the nozzle plate 3 and the covering plate 2 are secured by two locating pins 5, 5' against displacement in a plane (designated by X-X) in the direction of the arrow 6. In the example illustrated, the locating pins 5, 5' have a double role. In addition to positioning nozzle plate and covering plate relative to one another, they also fix the entire air treatment nozzle 1 in position on a processing machine 7 (not shown). The locating pins 5, 5' are installed in one of the nozzle parts by the manufacturer. It is important not to depend on a glued, welded or soldered joint but that the mechanical clamping means act or are secured directly within the nozzle material itself. The air treatment side of the two air nozzle parts is designated by Lv and the machine installation side by Mm. The locating pins have a locating shank 8 and an impact end 9. In Figures la and lb, a tensioning spring or tensioning ring 10 forms the mechanical clamping means. For the tensioning ring 10 together with a clearance 11, a clearance 11 similar in shape to the tensioning means adjoins an entry cone 12. The entry cone 12 facilitates automatic installation of the locating pins. The nozzle plate 3 has two locating bores 13. The locating pin 5 can also be introduced into the through bore 14 by hand until the tensioning ring 10 is at the narrow point of the entry cone. The remaining movement for insertion of the locating pin 5 can be achieved by a light impact, for example by a rubber hammer, so the tensioning spring 10 jumps into the clearance. In the installed state, the locating pin 5 projects on either side, as designated by PD (positioning of nozzle parts) and PM (positioning on machine). The counterpart to the nozzle plate 3 is the covering plate 2 which has two locating bores 15 and 16 parallel to the axis with identical spacing A. The locating bore 15 can be a normal cylindrical bore of diameter D whereas the second is preferably designed as a slot DL with longitudinal play in the direction of the dimension A for expansion of the bodies under the influence of heat. The two parts 2, 3 are assembled for the first time by the manufacturer. At the user's works, for example for cleaning the parts after releasing the screw 4, the parts can be taken apart in the axial direction of the locating pins. A further great advantage of the proposed solution is that subsequent recycling is improved by the ease of separation of the parts and each material can be processed individually. This is also important because the yarn treatment nozzles are wearing parts.

Figures 8a and 8b show a special form of yarn duct 20 for the interlacing of yarn. The position for a compressed air connection is marked by DL, the compressed air at, for example, 1 to 6 bar, being introduced via a compressed air feed bore 21 into the yarn duct 20. The two locating pins 5, 5' are preferably arranged on a common straight line 22 together with the screw 4. The fitting connection as well as the force connection are optional and allow a particularly close pitch (Figure 6).

Figure 9 shows a further embodiment of the pin connection. On the left-hand side of the drawing, the locating pin 5 projects as a variation corresponding to Figure 1. The locating bore 15 ends with a blind hole 30 which serves as a defined embodiment of the locating bore 15. On the left-hand side of the drawing, the locating pin 5 is flush with the corresponding nozzle part in the region of the impact point as a second variation. Depending on the requirements, one or other or the other hand, can be manufactured as inexpensive parts of various lengths for the respective application.

Figure 10a shows the positioning of a dual-part air treatment nozzle and the fixing in position on a machine 7.

Figure 10b shows an example of how two yarn treatment nozzles 1.40 can be mounted symmetrically on a base carrier 7.

Claims

Claims 1. Method of finishing yarn consisting of a plurality of continuous filaments with at least one treatment nozzle designed as a yarn finishing nozzle, characterized in that the yarn finishing process comprises, in combination, - a yarn treatment main stage of utilizing the mechanical effect of a compressed air stream in a yarn treatment nozzle, and - a heat treatment preceding and/or following the yarn treatment main stage by heating of the yarn, to provide thermal assistance for the mechanical effect of the compressed air stream.
2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the yarn treatment main stage in the yarn finishing nozzle is a yarn texturing process with an ultrasonic stream at the outlet of the texturing nozzle or a yarn interlacing process.
3. Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the yarn finishing process forms an air finishing stage which is limited by a feed unit (1) at the outlet and a feed unit (2) at the end of the air finishing stage, and the thermal effect of a hot gaseous medium is utilized for the thermal yarn treatment.
4. Method according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that hot steam is employed for utilizing the thermal effect.
5. Method according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the thermal yarn finishing process takes place in a treatment member with a closed through steam chamber with a steam feed duct having a large cross section.
6. Method of finishing yarn with a texturing nozzle with a continuous yarn duct at one end of which the yarn is supplied and at the other end of which the textured yarn is discharged, compressed air being supplied into the yarn duct with feed pressure higher than 8 bar in a central portion and the air jet being accelerated to an ultrasonic speed higher than Mach 2 in a widening acceleration duct and the yarn conveyance velocity being higher than 400 m/min, according to claim 1, characterized in that the yarn is heated to higher than 900C, preferably to about 150 to 2000C immediately after and/or before texturing.
7. Method according to claim 6, characterized in that the feed pressure for texturing is higher than 10 bar, preferably 12 to 14 bar or higher.
8. Method according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that the conveyance velocity for texturing is 600 to 800, preferably 800 to 1200, particularly preferably 1000 m/min or higher.
9. Method according to one of claims 6 to 8, characterized in that the yarn is heated directly after texturing and is guided over a heater between a feed unit (2) and a further following feed unit and is stretched by about 1 to 3%.
10. Method according to one of claims 6 to 9, characterized in that the yarn is stretched and is preferably simultaneously heated between feed unit (1) and a further feed unit arranged before it, prior to texturing.
11. Yarn finishing arrangement with at least one yarn finishing nozzle, in particular according to claim 6, consisting of a feed unit (1) for feeding the yarn, a texturing nozzle with compressed air supply with a yarn duct designed as an ultrasonic duct and a feed unit (2) directly after the texturing nozzle, the ultrasonic duct having a length more than times the diameter at the beginning of the acceleration duct and a total opening angle (a2) greater than 100 and smaller than 400, characterized in that a yarn heating arrangement is disposed directly after the texturing nozzle, before the feed unit (2) and/or directly before the texturing nozzle after the feed unit (1).
12. Yarn finishing arrangement for carrying out the method according to claim 1, characterized in that, for the heat treatment, it has a treatment member with a closed through steam chamber with a yarn inlet and yarn outlet orifice for the free yarn passage, as well as a steam supply duct having a large cross section.
13. Yarn finishing arrangement according to claim 12, characterized in that the yarn supply duct extends as a slot over at least 20t of the length of the steam chamber.
14. Yarn finishing arrangement according to claim 12 or 13, characterized in that a steam aspiration orifice separated from the yarn inlet and yarn outlet orifice is disposed in one or both end regions of the steam chamber
15. Yarn finishing arrangement according to one of claims 12 to 14, characterized in that the treatment nozzle and/or the through steam chamber is designed in two parts, the through steam chamber being substantially identical in design roughly symmetrically in the two nozzle halves in the two parts.
16. Yarn finishing arrangement with pin connection for single-, dual- or multi-part treatment members made of highly wear-resistant, in particular ceramic material, in particular for carrying out the method according to claim 1, characterized in that the pin connection has at least two locating pins parallel to the axis which are held in a first part of the member by mechanical clamping means and are guided through a locating bore in a second part of the member, for positioning and installation/removal in the axial direction of the locating pins.
17. Yarn finishing arrangement according to claim 16, characterized in that a respective substantially identical locating bore is disposed in the two actual treatment members to be connected and a second slot-like locating bore is disposed in a nozzle member.
18. Yarn finishing arrangement according to one of claims 16 to 17, characterized in that the clamping means have a tensioning spring and an open tensioning ring or a compression zone.
19. Yarn finishing arrangement according to one of claims 16 to 18, characterized in that the locating pins are miniaturized in diameter or are needle-shaped in design.
20. Yarn finishing arrangement according to one of claims 16 to 19, characterized in that, on the locating pins for a respective tensioning ring, a corresponding groove is disposed in such a way that the tensioning ring diameter can be reduced by an external force during installation and removal of the locating pins.
21. Yarn finishing arrangement according to one of claims 16 to 20, characterized in that, with the treatment member in which the locating pin is held by the clamping means there is disposed an entry cone which leads into a clearance for the clamping means and a tensioning ring as holding shoulder, for longitudinal positioning of the locating pin.
22. Yarn finishing arrangement according to one of claims 16 to 21, characterized in that the treatment member is designed in two parts, as nozzle plate and covering plate, the locating pins preferably being fixable in the nozzle plate with the clamping means, particularly preferably in a rotatable manner.
23. Yarn finishing arrangement according to one of claims 16 to 22, characterized in that the covering plate has a blind bore with an easily enlarged diameter at the bore end and a locating bore for the locating pin in the bore entry part.
24. Yarn finishing arrangement according to one of claims 16 to 23, characterized in that the connection consists of two locating pins, the two locating pins preferably projecting on one side of the yarn treatment nozzle for a second positioning function.
25. Yarn finishing arrangement according to one of claims 16 to 24, characterized in that at least one part of the treatment member, preferably both parts of the treatment member, are of ceramic material and the locating pins are of high strength steel or ceramic.
26. Apparatus for treating a multi-filament yarn comprising means for subjecting the yarn to an air or gas stream to alter the relationship between the filaments of the yarn; and means for subjecting the yarn to a heat treatment before or after or both before and after treatment in the air or gas stream.
27. Apparatus according to claim 26, wherein the means for subjecting the yarn to an air or gas stream comprises a yarn texturing nozzle.
28. Apparatus according to claim 27, wherein the nozzle has an ultrasonic duct having a length more than one and a half times the diameter of its entrance and an opening angle greater than 100 and smaller than 400.
29. Apparatus for treating a yarn wherein the apparatus comprises a treatment chamber, for example an air treatment nozzle, having component parts held together by locating pins and a clamping arrangement.
30. Apparatus according to claim 26, 27 or 28, wherein the means for subjecting the yarn to a gas or air treatment comprises a treatment chamber defined by component parts held together by locating pins and a clamping arrangement.
31. Apparatus for treating a multi-filament yarn substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to any one or more of Figures 2, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9 and 10 of the accompanying drawings.
32. Apparatus for treating a yarn wherein the apparatus comprises a treatment chamber, for example an air treatment nozzle, having component parts held together by locating pins and a clamping arrangement substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to any one or more of Figures 7, 8, 9 and 10 of the accompanying drawings.
33. A method of treating a multi-filament yarn comprising subjecting the yarn to an air or gas stream to alter the relationship between the filaments of the yarn; and subjecting the yarn to a heat treatment before or after or both before and after treatment in the air or gas stream.
34. A method according to claim 33, which comprises subjecting the yarn to an air or gas stream by passing it through a yarn texturing nozzle.
35. A method of treating a multi-filament yarn substantially as hereinbefore described.