GB2314557A - Plant nutrient formulations - Google Patents
Plant nutrient formulations Download PDFInfo
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- GB2314557A GB2314557A GB9713282A GB9713282A GB2314557A GB 2314557 A GB2314557 A GB 2314557A GB 9713282 A GB9713282 A GB 9713282A GB 9713282 A GB9713282 A GB 9713282A GB 2314557 A GB2314557 A GB 2314557A
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- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- plant nutrient
- nutrient formulation
- formulation according
- calcium
- plant
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 77
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycine Chemical compound NCC(O)=O DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- -1 amine compound Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000004471 Glycine Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000003501 hydroponics Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000001736 Calcium glycerylphosphate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- UHHRFSOMMCWGSO-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium glycerophosphate Chemical compound [Ca+2].OCC(CO)OP([O-])([O-])=O UHHRFSOMMCWGSO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229940095618 calcium glycerophosphate Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 235000019299 calcium glycerylphosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229940064002 calcium hypophosphite Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 235000019341 magnesium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethanolamine Chemical compound OCCN(CCO)CCO GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910001382 calcium hypophosphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- CNALVHVMBXLLIY-IUCAKERBSA-N tert-butyl n-[(3s,5s)-5-methylpiperidin-3-yl]carbamate Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CNC[C@@H](NC(=O)OC(C)(C)C)C1 CNALVHVMBXLLIY-IUCAKERBSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- LZZYPRNAOMGNLH-UHFFFAOYSA-M Cetrimonium bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)C LZZYPRNAOMGNLH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229960002798 cetrimide Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 159000000007 calcium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 150000003512 tertiary amines Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 150000003335 secondary amines Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- JLVVSXFLKOJNIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium ion Chemical compound [Mg+2] JLVVSXFLKOJNIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 32
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 13
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 description 9
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- ZCCIPPOKBCJFDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium nitrate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O ZCCIPPOKBCJFDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium nitrate Chemical compound [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000011550 stock solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical class [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 5
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-bromo-2-fluorophenyl)acetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC1=CC=CC(Br)=C1F PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- AWUCVROLDVIAJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-glycerophosphate Natural products OCC(O)COP(O)(O)=O AWUCVROLDVIAJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000000845 anti-microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000004323 potassium nitrate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000010333 potassium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 3
- AWUCVROLDVIAJX-GSVOUGTGSA-N sn-glycerol 3-phosphate Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)COP(O)(O)=O AWUCVROLDVIAJX-GSVOUGTGSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229930192334 Auxin Natural products 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 206010022971 Iron Deficiencies Diseases 0.000 description 2
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000006578 abscission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004599 antimicrobial Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002363 auxin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000013522 chelant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009920 chelation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ACVYVLVWPXVTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-M phosphinate Chemical compound [O-][PH2]=O ACVYVLVWPXVTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 230000008654 plant damage Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004383 yellowing Methods 0.000 description 2
- ZHJGWYRLJUCMRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-[6-[(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)methyl]benzimidazol-1-yl]-3-[1-[2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy]thiophene-2-carboxamide Chemical compound C=1C=CC=C(C(F)(F)F)C=1C(C)OC(=C(S1)C(N)=O)C=C1N(C1=C2)C=NC1=CC=C2CN1CCN(C)CC1 ZHJGWYRLJUCMRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101100453511 Danio rerio kazna gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 206010020649 Hyperkeratosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000010726 Vigna sinensis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000219994 Vigna unguiculata subsp. unguiculata Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003139 buffering effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- JZCCFEFSEZPSOG-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate Chemical group O.O.O.O.O.[Cu+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O JZCCFEFSEZPSOG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- HZKFXVSDNZJPND-UHFFFAOYSA-J dimagnesium disulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Mg+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O HZKFXVSDNZJPND-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000004209 hair Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000003898 horticulture Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- SEOVTRFCIGRIMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N indole-3-acetic acid Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(CC(=O)O)=CNC2=C1 SEOVTRFCIGRIMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011081 inoculation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000797 iron chelating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012669 liquid formulation Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011702 manganese sulphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000007079 manganese sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- ISPYRSDWRDQNSW-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(II) sulfate monohydrate Chemical compound O.[Mn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O ISPYRSDWRDQNSW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000024121 nodulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- ACVYVLVWPXVTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphinic acid Chemical class O[PH2]=O ACVYVLVWPXVTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003018 phosphorus compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000029553 photosynthesis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010672 photosynthesis Methods 0.000 description 1
- OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052939 potassium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001120 potassium sulphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011151 potassium sulphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011684 sodium molybdate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000015393 sodium molybdate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- TVXXNOYZHKPKGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium molybdate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Mo]([O-])(=O)=O TVXXNOYZHKPKGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RWVGQQGBQSJDQV-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;3-[[4-[(e)-[4-(4-ethoxyanilino)phenyl]-[4-[ethyl-[(3-sulfonatophenyl)methyl]azaniumylidene]-2-methylcyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene]methyl]-n-ethyl-3-methylanilino]methyl]benzenesulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].C1=CC(OCC)=CC=C1NC1=CC=C(C(=C2C(=CC(C=C2)=[N+](CC)CC=2C=C(C=CC=2)S([O-])(=O)=O)C)C=2C(=CC(=CC=2)N(CC)CC=2C=C(C=CC=2)S([O-])(=O)=O)C)C=C1 RWVGQQGBQSJDQV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003104 tissue culture media Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000017260 vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc sulfate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- RZLVQBNCHSJZPX-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc sulfate heptahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.O.[Zn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O RZLVQBNCHSJZPX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000011686 zinc sulphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000009529 zinc sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B15/00—Organic phosphatic fertilisers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C11/00—Other nitrogenous fertilisers
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
According to a first aspect, a plant nutrient formulation, and in particular a hydroponics formulation, comprises a synergistic mixture of: (1) An agriculturally acceptable surfactant, such as cetrimide, with either or both of the following components: (2) An amine compound selected from secondary amines, tertiary amines and hydroxylated amines, e.g. triethanolamine, (3) A branched chain amino compound, e.g. an amino acid such as glycine, together with other conventional plant nutrients and additives, as desired. In a second aspect, a plant nutrient formulation, and in particular a hydroponics formulation, comprises (1) magnesium sulphate and (2) a calcium salt being calcium glycerophosphate, calcium hypophosphite or a combination thereof, together with other conventional plant nutrients and additives, as desired.
Description
"PLANT NUTRIENT FORMULATIONS"
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to plant nutrient formulations for use in agriculture and horticulture, and in particular for use in relation to hydroponics.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Delivery of appropriate levels of nutrients such as minerals to plants can pose difficulties, especially in relation to hydroponics. Iron deficiency can be a particular problem, resulting in yellowing of foliage.
We have now found that particular combinations of compounds increase the efficiency of delivery of nutrients to the plants. Accordingly, in a hydroponics situation, lower concentrations of feed-stock can be used, and there is a lower run-off of waste. An added advantage is a decreased risk of disease or foliar damage, such as tipburn.
Amino acids have been used as a nitrogen source in plant nutrient formulations.
However, as far as the present inventor is aware, amino acids have not been used in such formulations in conjunction with compounds such as cetrimide, which are both wetting agents and antimicrobial agents.
Similarly, it is known to use glycerophosphate and hypophosphite salts of calcium in fertilizers (see eg "New Phospatic Fertilizers" by J R Ansiaux, FAO Soils Bulletin, 1978,No 37, pp 145-148; "Effect of inoculation and spraying with different phosphorus compounds on nodulation and yield of bush sitao (Vigna sinensis var.
sesquipedalis frunv)" by V Iswaran and C V Adajar, Philippine Journal of Plant Industry, 1974, vol 39(2), pp 115-118; USSR Patent Specification No 1368572 in the name of Kaza Phosphorus Ind (filed 1st July 1986)). However, it has not previously been known to combine those calcium salts with magnesium sulphate in one-part plant nutrient formulations.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
According to a first aspect of the invention, a plant nutrient formulation, and in particular a hydroponics formulation, comprises a synergistic mixture of: (1) An agriculturally acceptable surfactant, such as cetrimide,
with either or both of the following components: (2) An amine compound selected from secondary gamines, tertiary amines and
hydroxylated amines, (3) A branched chain amino compound,
together with other conventional plant nutrients and additives, as desired.
Preferably, all of components (1) to (3) are present.
Cetrimide is a quaternary ammonium cationic detergent, consisting principally of a mixture of alkyltrimethylammonium bromides. It is a known wetting agent, and has previously been utilised for its antimicrobial properties. However, it has not previously been used in fertilizers or plant nutrient formulations. In the compositions of the present invention, it is utilised for its nutrient dispersing properties, and to enhance absorption of nutrients in the composition by the root hairs of plants. Its antimicrobial properties are also of benefit, as the present compositions preferably comprise lower levels of sulphates than prior art compositions. The high levels of sulphates in prior art compositions have antimicrobial properties, whereas the lower levels in the present compositions require the presence of the added surfactant as an antimicrobial agent. The formulations of the present invention preferably comprise 50-150 mg/l cetrimide, and more preferably about 100 mg/l.
The amine compound (2) is preferably triethanolamine. Triethanolamine is an organic solvent and intermediate in the manufacture of surface active agents. It will preferably be present in a concentration of 4.5-6.5 mg/l, and more preferably in a concentration of about 5.5 mg/l.
Incorporation of triethanolamine in the hydroponics solutions of the present invention may have at least two advantageous effects. Firstly, it is capable of providing a buffer against pH change. At the concentrations existing in the final hydroponics solutions, it is expected to have a fairly small but still appreciable buffering effect. Secondly, it may reduce the rate of abscission (dropping) of young fruit. Minute amounts of the triethanolamine salt of a synthetic auxin (2,4,5-TP) are known to reduce abscission. If the triethanolamine in the present hydroponics formulations combines with auxins already in the plant, then a similar effect may be observed in fruiting plants.
The branched chain amino compound (3) is preferably an amino acid, in particular glycine. Glycine is a simple amino acid, which is known for use as a human and animal nutrient. Amino acids such as glycine can improve plant growth through their provision of nitrogen.
The concentrations of several amino acids, including glycine, increase in plant tissues during the initiation of shoots. This suggests that, after the glycine in the hydroponics solution is taken up by the plant, it could increase branching of shoots.
Furthermore, glycine is known to increase callus formation in tissue culture media.
The relevance of this to solutions around intact roots is uncertain, but the glycine may possibly have the effect of increasing root branching.
Glycine is also capable of forming chelation complexes with trace elements. This affords some protection against chemical reactions that would otherwise remove the trace elements from solution. This chelation effect is particularly useful with respect to iron.
The present formulations will preferably comprise 20-25 mg/ 1 of the branched chain amino compound such as glycine, and more preferably about 21 mg/l of glycine.
In the present formulations, the amine compound (2) and the branched chain amino compound (3) assist in bonding or chelating to metals, thus enhancing delivery of the metals to plants.
In compositions which have been utilised to date, a pH of about 5.5-6.5 is necessary for delivery of plant nutrients, in particular metals such as iron or magnesium. By utilising a branched chain amino compound and a secondary, tertiary or hydroxylated amine in the formulations, the nutrients in the formulation can be made available to plants over a far wider pH range.
The various components of the formulation (ie the surfactant; secondary, tertiary or hydroxylated amine; and branched chain amino compound) have a synergistic effect when used in combination, and greatly enhance the availability of nutrients to plants.
In particular, iron can be incorporated in the formulations in lower levels than previously, whilst still avoiding the foliage yellowing caused by iron deficiency.
Research has shown that spraying plant shoots with methanol/ glycine mixtures can lead to 100% increases in growth under high-light conditions. Apparently, methanol provides some carbon and the glycine is a nitrogen source. However, the effect may be even more specific, in that it lasts long after it would have been expected that the applied methanol and glycine would have been used up by the plant. When the same solution was applied to plants under artificial light, plant damage resulted.
This damage is preventable by including glycerophosphate in the solution.
Accordingly, a combination of glycine with glycerophosphate can increase plant growth in hydroponics solutions, whilst helping to prevent plant damage. Part of the increase in plant growth probably results from increase in the turgidity of the plant tissues under drying conditions. This increase in turgidity allows the stomata to remain open for longer and thus allows more carbon dioxide into the plant, hence allowing the production of greater quantities of photosynthesis products.
In a second aspect of the invention, a plant nutrient formulation, and in particular a hydroponics formulation, comprises (1) magnesium sulphate and (2) a calcium salt being calcium glycerophosphate, calcium hypophosphite or a combination thereof, together with other conventional plant nutrients and additives, as desired. Calcium and magnesium are important plant nutrients. In prior art compositions, magnesium is generally used in the form of magnesium sulphate, and calcium in the form of calcium nitrate. In order that these important plant nutrients can be delivered at the highest possible tolerance levels, they are delivered separately to prevent precipitation (in the form of gypsum).
In the present formulations, calcium is used in the form of calcium glycerophosphate or calcium hypophosphite. When combined with magnesium sulphate, there is no problem with gypsum formation. Accordingly, the magnesium and calcium components can be delivered together, in a single liquid formulation. All of the required plant nutrients are freely available in the one liquid.
The formulations of the present invention are well-balanced, and form very little (if any) precipitate. The amount of magnesium sulphate in the hydroponics formulation is preferably 200-300 mg/l, and in particular 250 mg/l. The calcium salt(s) are preferably present in amounts of 50-400 mg/l. Particularly preferred are formulations comprising both calcium glycerophosphate and calcium hypophosphite, the total amount of both salts being 125 to 350mg/l.
The invention will now be further described with respect to the following examples, which are illustrative but not restrictive of the present invention. Although not limited to such use, the BLOOM formulations of Examples 1 and 5 are specially formulated for plants at the flowering/fruiting stage, whereas the GROW formulations of Examples 2 and 4 are specially formulated for plants at the active growth stage.
EXAMPLE 1
BLOOM A:
To make 1000 litres of the concentrate, BLOOM A, the following amounts are dissolved in about 850 litres of warm water then, when all is in solution, made up to 1000 litres.
1.0 kg cetrimide 8.6 kg ammonium nitrate 20.2 kg potassium nitrate 130 kg calcium nitrate tetrahydrate 1.3 kg FeEDTA or 2.8 kg FeEDDHA (both of which are iron chelates)
On standing, this solution may throw a slight brown precipitate. This is easily resuspended by shaking.
BLOOM B:
To make 1000 litres of the concentrate, BLOOM B, the following amounts are dissolved in about 800 litres of warm water then, when all is in solution, made up to 900 litres.
1.0 kg cetrimide 20.2 kg potassium nitrate 79.0 kg monopotassium phosphate 34.8 kg potassium sulphate 50.7 kg magnesium sulphate heptahydrate
To this 900 litres of solution, 100 litres of Trace Element Concentrate (see Example 3) is added.
The BLOOM A formulation, and the BLOOM B plus Trace Element Concentrate formulation, are packaged separately, to be marketed as a two-component mix. In use, the two separate formulations are applied to the plants at around the same time, diluted by a factor of 50 ml BLOOM A plus 50 ml BLOOM B/Trace Element
Concentrate to 10 litres water.
EXAMPLE 2
GROW A:
To make 1000 litres of the concentrate, GROW A, the following amounts are dissolved in about 850 litres of warm water then, when all is in solution, made up to 1000 litres.
1.0 kg cetrimide 8.6 kg ammonium nitrate 55.6 kg potassium nitrate 130.0 kg calcium nitrate tetrahydrate 1.3 kg FeEDTA or 2.8 kg FeEDDHA (both of which are iron chelates)
On standing, this solution may throw a slight brown precipitate which is easily resuspended by shaking.
GROW B:
To make 1000 litres of the concentrate, GROW B, the following amounts are dissolved in about 800 litres of warm water then, when all is in solution, made up to 900 litres.
1.0 kg cetrimide 55.6 kg potassium nitrate 27.2 kg monopotassium phosphate 49.3 kg magnesium sulphate heptahydrate
To this 900 litres of solution, 100 litres of Trace Element Concentrate (see Example 3) is added.
The GROW A formulation, and the GROW B plus Trace Element Concentrate formulation, are packaged separately, to be marketed as a two-component mix. In use, the two separate formulations are applied to the plants at around the same time, diluted by a factor of 50 ml GROW A plus 50 ml GROW B/Trace Element
Concentrate to 10 litres water.
EXAMPLE 3
TRACE ELEMENT CONCENTRATE:
The following solution is designed for addition to either the BLOOM B or GROW B formulation. The Trace Element Concentrate is made up separately from the A and B solutions described in Examples 1 and 2, then added to each B solution (ie BLOOM B and GROW B) in the ratio of 1 volume to 9 volumes of B. The fully constituted B mix is filtered before packaging.
PART 1:
The following amounts are dissolved in about 85 litres of water.
310 gm manganese sulphate monohydrate 220 gm zinc sulphate heptahydrate 40 gm copper sulphate pentahydrate
PART 2:
The following amounts are added to about 10 litres of water.
25 gm sodium molybdate dihydrate with stirring then, when fully dissolved, ADD
110 gm triethanolamine
230 gm boric acid then stir until fully dissolved 420 gm glycine and stir until fully dissolved.
FINAL MIXTURE
Add all of PART 2 to PART 1, stir, then make up to 100 litres and stir again.
EXAMPLE 4
ONE-PART GROW FORMULATIONS:
The following stock solutions comprise a combination of magnesium sulphate and calcium glycerophosphate/hypophosphite. The formulations differ only in the form of iron used (FeEDTA or FeEDDHA). Any other iron chelate of similar composition can be used.
COMPONENT 1st FORMULATION 2nd FORMULATION
g/litre in stock (to be diluted 200 ml to 10L)
Magnesium sulphate 12.5 12.5 Calcium glycerophosphate 3.0 3.0 Calcium hypophosphite 3.6 3.6 Potassium nitrate 26 26 Calcium nitrate 24 24 Ammonium nitrate 5.8 5.8 Trace element mixture 0.7 0.7 (see Example 6) FeEDTA 0.33 FeEDDHA . ~ 0.7 The natural pH of the stock solution is close to neutral. The pH is lowered into the range 5 to 6 with the addition of nitric acid.
If desired, the GROW stock solutions can be doubled in strength.
EXAMPLE 5
ONE-PART BLOOM FORMULATIONS
Both of the following stock solutions comprise a combination of magnesium sulphate and calcium glycerophosphate/hypophosphite. These formulations have FeEDTA or FeEDDHA as the iron source. However, any other iron chelate of similar composition can be used.
When preparing the formulations, the calcium glycerophosphate and the calcium hypophosphite should be fully dissolved before addition of at least some of the other components. Preferably, the trace elements are dissolved first, before adding any other components.
COMPONENT AMOUNT
/litre in stock to be diluted 200 ml to 10L)
Magnesium sulphate Magnesium sulphate v .5 Calcium glycerophosphate 6.0 Calcium hypophosphite 11.4 Potassium nitrate 30 Calcium nitrate 10.4 Ammonium nitrate 1.7 Trace element mixture 0.7 (see Example 6) FeEDTA/ FeEDDHA 0.33/ 0.7 Potassium sulphate 6.0 There was a bit of precipitate in each stock solution, but this was easily resuspended before use.
The natural pH of the BLOOM stock solution is near neutral. The pH is lowered into the range 5 to 6 with the addition of nitric acid.
EXAMPLE 6 TRACE ELEMENT MIXTURE:
COMPONENT Amount (g) for 20 litres of stock Manganese sulphate 3.1 Zinc sulphate 2.2 Copper sulphate 0.4 Sodium molybdate 0.25 Boric acid 2.3 Triethanolamine 1.1 Glycine 4.2 Cetrimide 0.5 While the present invention has been described in terms of preferred embodiments in order to facilitate better understanding of the invention, it should be appreciated that various modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the invention, as defined in the following claims. Therefore, the invention should be understood to include all such modifications within its scope.
Claims (18)
1. A plant nutrient formulation comprising a synergistic mixture of:
(i) an agriculturally acceptable surfactant, with either or both of the following
components:
(ii) an amine compound selected from secondary amines, tertiary amines and
hydroxylated amines,
(iii) a branched chain amino compound,
together with other conventional plant nutrients and additives, as desired.
2. A plant nutrient formulation according to claim 1, comprising both an amine compound (ii) and a branched chain amino compound (iii).
3. A plant nutrient formulation according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the surfactant is a quaternary ammonium cationic detergent.
4. A plant nutrient formulation according to claim 3, wherein the surfactant is cetrimide.
5. A plant nutrient formulation according to any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising 50 to 150 mg/l of the surfactant.
6. A plant nutrient formulation according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the amine compound (ii) is triethanolamine.
7. A plant nutrient formulation according to any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising 4.5 to 6.5 mg/l of the amine compound (ii).
8. A plant nutrient formulation according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the branched chain amino compound (iii) is an amino acid.
9. A plant nutrient formulation according to claim 8, wherein the amino acid is glycine.
10. A plant nutrient formulation according to any one of claims 1 to 9, comprising 20 to 25 mg/l of the branched chain amino compound (iii).
11. A plant nutrient formulation comprising (i) magnesium sulphate and (ii) a calcium salt being calcium glycerophosphate, calcium hypophosphite or a combination thereof, together with other conventional nutrients and additives, as desired.
12. A plant nutrient formulation according to claim 11, comprising 200 to 300 mg/l of magnesium sulphate.
13. A plant nutrient formulation according to claim 11 or claim 12, comprising both calcium glycerophosphate and calcium hypophosphite.
14. A plant nutrient formulation according to any one of claims 11 to 13, comprising 50 to 400 mg/l of the calcium salt(s).
15. A plant nutrient formulation according to claim 13, comprising 125 to 350 mg/l of the calcium salts.
16. A plant nutrient formulation according to any one of claims 11 to 15, further comprising glycine.
17. A plant nutrient formulation according to any one of claims 1 to 16, being a hydroponics formulation.
18. A plant nutrient formulation substantially as described herein and with reference to any one of Examples 1 to 6.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AUPO0688A AUPO068896A0 (en) | 1996-06-27 | 1996-06-27 | Plant nutrient formulations |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB9713282D0 GB9713282D0 (en) | 1997-08-27 |
| GB2314557A true GB2314557A (en) | 1998-01-07 |
Family
ID=3795004
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB9713282A Withdrawn GB2314557A (en) | 1996-06-27 | 1997-06-25 | Plant nutrient formulations |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| AU (1) | AUPO068896A0 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2208922A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2314557A (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2826361A1 (en) * | 2001-06-26 | 2002-12-27 | Guy Parc | NOVEL CULTURE MEDIA OF PLANT VEGETABLES AND CELLS, FABRICS AND ORGANS INCLUDING ORGANIC NITROGEN SOURCE AND PHOSPHORIC ESTER SOURCE |
| RU2614778C1 (en) * | 2015-11-23 | 2017-03-29 | Федеральное Государственное бюджетное научное учреждение Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт мясного скотоводства | Aerohydroponic method of growing green fodder |
| US12221397B2 (en) | 2015-08-31 | 2025-02-11 | Lucas Tyree | Foliar feeding formulation and methods of use |
| US12221400B2 (en) | 2017-02-22 | 2025-02-11 | Lucas TYREE | Foliar feeding formulation and methods of use |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115428795A (en) * | 2021-05-28 | 2022-12-06 | 博白县三桦石柳生态农业开发有限责任公司 | Plant antifreezing agent, preparation method and application thereof |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4125393A (en) * | 1974-05-08 | 1978-11-14 | U.S. Philips Corporation | ULV pesticide containing fertilizer |
| EP0299654A2 (en) * | 1987-07-17 | 1989-01-18 | Imperial Chemical Industries Plc | Composition and use |
| EP0615683A1 (en) * | 1993-03-18 | 1994-09-21 | Societe Nationale D'exploitation Industrielle Des Tabacs Et Allumettes | Method for producing plants with the flotation system, particularly for transplanting for example plants of the genus Nicotiana |
| WO1995034521A1 (en) * | 1994-06-10 | 1995-12-21 | Pyrocap International Corporation | Odor-reducing, nutrient-enhancing composition and method for cultivating edible fungi |
| EP0702999A1 (en) * | 1994-09-26 | 1996-03-27 | C F P I | Anti-caking and hydrophobe compositions for salts and single or multinutrient fertilizers and method of use |
-
1996
- 1996-06-27 AU AUPO0688A patent/AUPO068896A0/en not_active Abandoned
-
1997
- 1997-06-25 GB GB9713282A patent/GB2314557A/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1997-06-26 CA CA002208922A patent/CA2208922A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4125393A (en) * | 1974-05-08 | 1978-11-14 | U.S. Philips Corporation | ULV pesticide containing fertilizer |
| EP0299654A2 (en) * | 1987-07-17 | 1989-01-18 | Imperial Chemical Industries Plc | Composition and use |
| EP0615683A1 (en) * | 1993-03-18 | 1994-09-21 | Societe Nationale D'exploitation Industrielle Des Tabacs Et Allumettes | Method for producing plants with the flotation system, particularly for transplanting for example plants of the genus Nicotiana |
| WO1995034521A1 (en) * | 1994-06-10 | 1995-12-21 | Pyrocap International Corporation | Odor-reducing, nutrient-enhancing composition and method for cultivating edible fungi |
| EP0702999A1 (en) * | 1994-09-26 | 1996-03-27 | C F P I | Anti-caking and hydrophobe compositions for salts and single or multinutrient fertilizers and method of use |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2826361A1 (en) * | 2001-06-26 | 2002-12-27 | Guy Parc | NOVEL CULTURE MEDIA OF PLANT VEGETABLES AND CELLS, FABRICS AND ORGANS INCLUDING ORGANIC NITROGEN SOURCE AND PHOSPHORIC ESTER SOURCE |
| WO2003004624A1 (en) * | 2001-06-26 | 2003-01-16 | Guy Parc | Culture media for plants and plant cells, tissues and organs containing an organic nitrogen source and a phosphorous ester source |
| US12221397B2 (en) | 2015-08-31 | 2025-02-11 | Lucas Tyree | Foliar feeding formulation and methods of use |
| RU2614778C1 (en) * | 2015-11-23 | 2017-03-29 | Федеральное Государственное бюджетное научное учреждение Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт мясного скотоводства | Aerohydroponic method of growing green fodder |
| US12221400B2 (en) | 2017-02-22 | 2025-02-11 | Lucas TYREE | Foliar feeding formulation and methods of use |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AUPO068896A0 (en) | 1996-07-18 |
| CA2208922A1 (en) | 1997-12-27 |
| GB9713282D0 (en) | 1997-08-27 |
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| Date | Code | Title | Description |
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| WAP | Application withdrawn, taken to be withdrawn or refused ** after publication under section 16(1) |