BG111063A - A complex liquid fertilizer - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention is related to the field of production and use of liquid complex nitrogen-phosphorous-potassium fertilizers, and may be used for raising the yields and quality of the agricultural crops.The complex liquid fertilizer contains nitrogen, phosphorous, and potassium in proportion N: P205: K20 = 1 : 1 : 1, presented in the form of ammonium phosphate, ammonium nitrate, potassium chloride, and carbamide, which in mass % proportions are as follows: N-P-K component 3-25, carbamide 4-20, water - up to 100. The complex fertilizer represents a durable and balanced system that distinguishes with valuable agrochemical properties. The basic nutrient substances are almost entirely assimilated by the plants. The use of the complex liquid fertilizer additionally allows diminish the norm of pesticides application, without losing from the yield of agricultural crops.

Description

The invention relates to the field of complex liquid fertilizers intended for soil and / or foliar nutrition of crops.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Complex mineral fertilizers are concentrated and high-speed chemical compounds containing, as a rule, several nutrients and contributing to the rapid growth of biomass and increasing the resistance of plants to pests and diseases.

The production and use of liquid fertilizers, also called water-soluble fertilizers, has increased in recent years. They are especially suitable for leaf feeding. It has been found that the nutrients are absorbed more quickly and fully when applied to the surface of the leaf mass. When fertilized with liquid fertilizers, a general stimulation of plant development during the vegetative phase is provided. In the composition of such fertilizers can be included in the basic nutrients, etc. trace elements, and trace elements in complex or chelated form. Leaf fertilizers can also be mixed with plant protection products and growth regulators.

European Patent Application EP 0107450 describes a composition of a liquid fertilizer suitable for houseplants containing a source of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium together with trace elements and additionally gibberellic acid or a salt thereof. It may additionally contain alpha-naphthaleneacetic acid. Trace elements include ferrous and ferrous iron, manganese, monovalent and divalent copper, zinc, cobalt, molybdenum (6+) or boron as borate or a mixture thereof. Additionally contains a polymer flocculant.

Patent BG 63533 discloses a complex nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium (N-PK) trace element liquid fertilizer, a product of the reaction of urea, phosphoric acid and potassium hydroxide, containing by weight: 9 to 12 N, 9 to 11 P2O5 , from 9 to 11 K2O, and at least one of the following trace elements: B, Co, Cu, Fe, Μη, Mo, Zn and an effective amount of at least one of the following chelating agents, the sodium, potassium or ammonium salts of EDTA, DPTA, EDDHA, HEEDTA, EDDHMA, EDDCHA or the acids themselves. The complex liquid fertilizer is intended for foliage and root nutrition of vegetables, grains, fruit, citrus and industrial crops, vineyards, flowers and ornamental shrubs during their growing season.

These formulations are multicomponent. The content of trace elements complicates the production of fertilizers and their application - they limit the contingent of plant species to which they can be applied, the soil on which the plants are grown, and the stages of development at which the application of a fertilizer is appropriate.

A major difficulty in the development of liquid fertilizers and especially for foliar nutrition is to find such nutrients and their contents in the complex fertilizer that no nutrition of the leaves of the plants is obtained at nutritional concentrations and doses of the fertilizer.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

It is an object of the present invention to provide a complex liquid fertilizer that maximizes the yield and quality of cultivated crops, which is balanced with respect to essential nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium), with nitrogen present in forms, preferably absorbed by the plants, with the stability of the liquid form without the use of additional stabilizing agents, which does not cause the leaves of the plants to burn and at the same time have good adhesion properties.

The objective is achieved with a complex liquid fertilizer containing ammonium phosphate (NH4H2PO4), ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) and potassium chloride (KC1) in quantities providing a ratio of N: P2O5: K ₂ O = 1: 1: 1 and urea at the following mass percentages :

N-P-K - Component 3-25

Urea 4-20

Water up to 100

It has been experimentally found that the proposed component ratio provides for the production of liquid fertilizer including the required amount of nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium) in a plant-accessible form, without undesirable impurities. Within the proposed range of component quantities and subject to the indicated concentrations, the liquid fertilizer according to the invention has no detrimental effect on the leaves of the plants. Good adhesion properties have been identified. The fertilizer has a simple, easy-to-prepare composition, allowing it to be mixed with various trace elements, growth regulators and pesticides for application at the most appropriate time of plant development.

The proposed ratio of components is optimal.

Changing the intervals of these values is inappropriate as it leads to a deterioration of the soil environment and a decrease in the yield of the treated crops.

Fertilizer according to the invention is a stable balanced system that has valuable agrochemical properties due to the optimum content of nitrogen in ammonium NH4), nitrate (bH ₃ ) and amide (NH ₂ ) forms, as well as the optimum content of phosphorus and potassium. The nutrients are almost completely absorbed by the plants. The complex liquid fertilizer according to the invention provides a reduction in the dosage of fertilizer introduced into the soil and increases the economic effect. Expands the range of complex mineral fertilizers. In addition, the use of the fertilizer according to the invention allows to reduce the rate of pesticide application without reducing the yields.

Exemplary embodiments

The method for preparing the complex fertilizer is as follows: 150 kg (11.3 wt.%) Of a mixture of NH ₄ H ₂ PO ₄ , NH ₄ NO ₃ and KCl with composition N: P ₂ O are poured into 1 m ^{3 of} water. ₅ : K ₂ O = 1: 1: 1 with stirring until completely dissolved. 180 kg (13.5% by weight) of urea are then added with stirring until complete dissolution. The resulting mixture was allowed to stand at rest until precipitation and clarification of the solution, until a precipitate had settled and the solution clarified. The clear solution is the finished complex fertilizer containing the nutrients in the final product: nitrogen N = 106,8 kg, phosphorus calculated as P ₂ O ₅ = 18 kg, potassium calculated as K ₂ O = 24 kg. The practical losses of phosphorus in the clarified solution, calculated as P ₂ 0s, are 25%.

Table 1 gives examples of specific liquid fertilizer obtained at different component ratios.

Table 1

Characteristics Composition,% by mass N-P-K component: urea: water 3: 4: 93 25:20:55 3:20:77 25: 4: 71 8: 9: 83 Solution temperature after complete dissolution of urea, ° C +12 -10.-15 +2 +2 Amount of sludge after precipitation,% 2.7 22 2.1 13.5 Quantity of final product,% 97.3 78 97.9 86.5

Examples of the use of the fertilizer according to the invention.

Fertilizers according to the invention were cultivated for 3 years with winter wheat, summer barley, corn and sunflower. The following Table 2 shows the yields obtained and those obtained from untreated sections.

Table 2

Joint characteristics Wheat winter Barley summer Maize Sunflower 2009 2010 2011 2009 2010 2011 2009 2010 2011 2009 2010 2011 Yield control 46,1 37,8 49,3 38 27.3 39,8 68,3 49.5 74,4 23.4 17.2 25.7 plot, m / ha Yield at using 55,2 46.5 55,3 43,7 34.6 46.6 76,5 59,4 82.5 28.5 21.5 29.3 fertilizer, in c / ha Increase of extraction 19.7 23 12,1 15 26.7 17 12 20 10.8 21.7 25 14 At 1 ha,%

As can be seen from the results given in the table, for three years an increase in yield was obtained in 4 crops: winter wheat - from 12.1 to 23%, summer barley - from 15 to 26.7%, maize - from 10.8 to 20%, sunflower - from 14 to 25%.

ί A.

In the application of the complex liquid fertilizer according to the invention of the experimental sections together with pesticides, the amount of pesticides is reduced by 10-15%. There was no difference in yield between the control area and the treated sections. It follows that the application of a mixture of fertilizer according to the invention and pesticides, is

J achieves enhanced pesticide action, which allows pesticide use to be reduced.

i

I

......

Claims (4)

Complex liquid fertilizer based on nitrogen-containing, phosphorus-containing and potassium-containing components with composition N: P ₂ Os: K ₂ O = 1: 1: 1, characterized in that it contains nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the form of ammonium phosphate (NH4H 2PO4), ammonium nitrate (NH4NO 3) and potassium chloride (KCl) and additionally contains urea at the following proportions by weight: N-β-K component of urea 3-25 4-20 water to 100