BG66548B1 - A complex liquid fertilizer - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention is related to the field of production and use of liquid complex nitrogen-phosphorous-potassium fertilizers, and may be used for raising the yields and quality of the agricultural crops. The complex liquid fertilizer contains nitrogen, phosphorous, and potassium in proportion N: P205: K20 = 1 : 1 : 1, presented in the form of ammonium phosphate, ammonium nitrate, potassium chloride, and carbamide, which in mass % proportions are as follows: N-P-K component 3-25, carbamide 4-20, water - up to 100. The complex fertilizer represents a durable and balanced system that distinguishes with valuable agrochemical properties. The basic nutrient substances are almost entirely assimilated by the plants. The use of the complex liquid fertilizer additionally allows diminish the norm of pesticides application, without losing from the yield of agricultural crops.

Description

Field of technology

The invention relates to the field of complex liquid fertilizers intended for soil or foliar feeding of agricultural crops.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Complex mineral fertilizers are concentrated and fast-acting chemical compounds, which usually contain several nutrients and contribute to the rapid growth of biomass and increase the resistance of plants to pests and diseases.

In recent years, the production and use of liquid fertilizers, also called water-soluble fertilizers, has increased. They are especially suitable for foliar feeding. It has been established that the nutrients are absorbed faster and more fully when applied to the surface of the leaf mass. When feeding with liquid fertilizers provides general stimulation of plant development during the vegetative phase. In the composition of such fertilizers can be included in the main nutrients, the so-called. macronutrients, and micronutrients in complex or chelated form. Foliar fertilizers can also be mixed with plant protection products and growth regulators.

European patent application EP 0107450 describes a liquid fertilizer composition suitable for houseplants, containing a source of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium together with trace elements and additionally gibberellinic acid or its salt. In addition, it may additionally contain alpha-naphthalene acetic acid. Trace elements include divalent and trivalent iron, manganese, monovalent and divalent copper, zinc, cobalt, molybdenum (6+) or boron as borate or a mixture thereof. It additionally contains a polymeric flocculant.

Patent BG 63533 describes a complex nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium (NPK) liquid fertilizer with microelements, a product of the interaction of urea, phosphoric acid and potassium hydroxide, containing by weight. %: from 9 to 12M, from9 to 11 P ₂ O ₅ , from 9 to 11 K ₂ O, and at least one of the following trace elements: B, Co, Cu, Fe, Μη, Mo, Zn and an effective amount of at least one of the following chelating agents - sodium, potassium or ammonium salts of EDTA, DPTA, EDDHA, HEEDTA, EDDHMA, EDDCHA or the acids themselves. The complex liquid fertilizer is intended for foliar and root feeding of vegetable, grain, fruit, citrus and technical crops, vines, flowers and ornamental shrubs during their vegetation. These compositions are multicomponent. The content of microelements complicates the production of fertilizers and their application - the contingent of plant species on which they can be applied is limited, the soils on which the plants are grown, as well as the stages of development in which the application of a fertilizer is appropriate.

The main difficulty in the development of liquid fertilizers, and in particular for foliar fertilization, is the finding of such nutrients and their content in the complex fertilizer that at nutrient-effective concentrations and doses of fertilizer does not burn the leaves of 25 plants.

Technical essence of the invention

The aim of the present invention is to provide a complex liquid fertilizer that increases the yield and quality of crops grown, which is balanced in terms of essential nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium) and nitrogen is present in 35 forms, most - better absorbed by the plants, with stability of the liquid form without the use of additional stabilizing substances, which does not cause burning of the leaves of plants and at the same time has good adhesion properties.

The aim is achieved with a complex liquid fertilizer containing nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium), in the form of ammonium phosphate (NH ₄ H ₂ PO ₄ ), ammonium nitrate (NH ₄ NO ₃ ) and potassium chloride (KS!) In quantities providing nutrients in the ratio N: P ₂ O ₅ : K ₂ O = 1: 1: 1 and urea at the following percentages by weight:

N-P-K - component 3-25

Urea 4-20

Water up to 100

It was found experimentally that the proposed ratio between the components

66548 B1 provides a liquid fertilizer comprising the required amount of nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium) in a form accessible to plants, without undesirable impurities. Within the proposed limits of the amounts of the components and in compliance with the indicated concentrations, the liquid fertilizer according to the invention has no harmful effect on the leaves of the plants. Good adhesion properties have been established. The fertilizer is simplified। θ composition, easy to obtain, allows for mixing with various trace elements, growth regulators and pesticides for application at the most appropriate time of plant development.

The proposed ratio between the components is optimal. Changing the intervals of the indicated values is inexpedient, as it leads to deterioration of the soil environment and reduction of the yield of the treated crops.

The fertilizer according to the invention is a stable balanced system, which is distinguished by valuable agrochemical properties, thanks to the optimal nitrogen content in ammonium 25 (ΝΗ ₄ ), nitrate (ΝΟ ₃ ) and amide (ΝΗ ₂ ) forms, as well as the optimal phosphorus content. and potassium. Nutrients are almost completely absorbed by plants. The complex liquid fertilizer according to the invention provides a reduction in the doses of fertilizer introduced into the soil and leads to an increase in the economic effect. Expands the range of complex mineral fertilizers. In addition, the use of the fertilizer according to the invention makes it possible to reduce the rate of pesticide application without reducing yields.

Exemplary implementations

The method for obtaining complex fertilizer consists in the following.

In 1 t ^{3 of} water is poured 150 kg (11.3 wt.%) Ready mixture from the sources of nutrients: ΝΗ, Η, ΡΟ ,, NH.NO, and КС1, in proportions providing N: Р ₂ О ₅ : K ₂ O = 1: 1: 1, with stirring until completely dissolved. 180 kg (13.5% by weight) of urea are then added with stirring until completely dissolved. The resulting mixture was allowed to stand until a precipitate fell and the solution was clarified. The clear solution is the finished complex fertilizer containing nutrients in the final product: nitrogen N = 106.8 kg, phosphorus, calculated as P ₂ O ₅ = 18 kg, potassium calculated as K ₂ O = 24 kg. The practical phosphorus losses in the clarified solution, calculated as P ₂ O _5, are 25%.

Table 1 gives examples of a specific liquid fertilizer obtained at different ratios of components.

Table 1

Characters- <Composition,% .. wt.

stick ί N-P-K-component: urea: water

I.

3: 4: 93 25:20:55 . 3:20:77 25: 4: 71 8: 9: 83 Temperature of the solution after complete dissolution of the urea, ° C +12 -10: -15 +2 +2 Quantity of sediment after sedimentation,% Quantity of 2.7 22 2.1 13.5 the ultimate product, % 97.3 78 97.9 86.5

66548 Bl

Examples of use of the fertilizer according to the invention

Plantations with winter wheat, summer barley, corn and sunflower were treated with fertilizers according to the invention for 3 years. The following Table 2 shows the yields obtained as well as those obtained in the untreated plots.

Table 2 Characters I stick

Winter wheat

Summer barley

Corn

Sunflower

2009 2Ο1θΈθ11 2009 ^ 2010 2011 2009 201012011 2009 2010 12011 '

Yield control plot, c / ha

46.1 | 37.8

49.3

27.3 39.8

68.3! 49.5; 74.4 23.4

17.2 1 25.7

Yield using 55.2 55.3 and 43.7 34.6 46.6! ; I I!

torus, in c / ha I, j ¹ !

76.5! 59.4 82.5 28.5 | 21.5 29.3

Increase

And the yield! 19.7 23; On 1 ha,%

12.1 I 15 26.7 17 12

10.8! 21.7 25 14! !!

As can be seen from the results given in the table, for three years in 4 crops there was an increase in yield: winter wheat - from 12.1 to 23%, summer barley - from 15 to 26.7%, corn - from 10.8 up to 20%, sunflower - from 14 to 25%.

When applying the complex liquid fertilizer according to the invention to the experimental plots together with pesticides, the amount of pesticides is reduced by 10-15%. No difference in yield was found between the control plot and the mixtures treated with the mixture. It follows that the application of a mixture of the fertilizer according to the invention and the pesticides enhances the action of the pesticides, which makes it possible to reduce the amounts of pesticides used.

Claims (1)

Patent claims Complex liquid fertilizer based on nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium mixture in the ratio Ν: P ₂ O ₅ : K ₂ O = 1: 1: 1, characterized in that nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are in the form of ammonium phosphate (ΝΗ ₄ Η ₂ ΡΟ ₄ ), ammonium nitrate (ΝΗ ₄ ΝΟ ₃ ) and potassium chloride (КС1), as the fertilizer also contains urea and water at the following weight ratios. %: Ν-Ρ-Κ mixture 3-25 urea 4-20 water to 100. Publication of the Patent Office of the Republic of Bulgaria 1113 Sofia, 52-B GM Dimitrov Blvd. Expert: A. Koleva Cf. № 68688