CA1199809A - Process and composition for controlled nourishing of agricultural plants - Google Patents
Process and composition for controlled nourishing of agricultural plantsInfo
- Publication number
- CA1199809A CA1199809A CA000421963A CA421963A CA1199809A CA 1199809 A CA1199809 A CA 1199809A CA 000421963 A CA000421963 A CA 000421963A CA 421963 A CA421963 A CA 421963A CA 1199809 A CA1199809 A CA 1199809A
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- plants
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
- C05D9/02—Other inorganic fertilisers containing trace elements
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N57/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic phosphorus compounds
- A01N57/18—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic phosphorus compounds having phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
- A01N57/20—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic phosphorus compounds having phosphorus-to-carbon bonds containing acyclic or cycloaliphatic radicals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C9/00—Fertilisers containing urea or urea compounds
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Dentistry (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
A b s t r a c t The invention relates to the intensification of cultivation of agricultural plants and to their controlled nourishing by a combination of a chemical treatment and a suitable cultivation technology. Agricultural plants are treated with a composition containing 2-chloroethane-phosphonic acid, micro elements and additives, in a certain stage of their development, in the vegeta-tive phase, nitrogen fertilizer is applied to the plants simultaneously with or prior to the chemical treatment and a fungicidal treatment is carried out, if desired the number of stocks is increased, nitrogen fertilizer is applied in more portions and other technological measures are employed to increase the efficiency of the compositions. The invention provides and excellent possibi-lity for increasing the value of plants and the crop yield.
Description
The invention relates to a process and a composition by which the cultivation of agricultural plants can be intensified and their nourishing can be controlled.
In the cultivation of agricultural plants the planified influence of the biological state of plants plays a more and more important role. There are numerous compositions known for this purpose, including for example 2-chloroethane-phosphonic acid and derivatives thereof as active ingredient. 2-Chloroethane-phosphonic acid is disadvantageous in that if it is applied at a rela~ively late stage and under bad weather conditions, for examplc in drought, there is a danger of overdosing, which may cause in certain cases a depression of plant growth and a de-crease of the crop yield.
According to the Published German Patent Application
In the cultivation of agricultural plants the planified influence of the biological state of plants plays a more and more important role. There are numerous compositions known for this purpose, including for example 2-chloroethane-phosphonic acid and derivatives thereof as active ingredient. 2-Chloroethane-phosphonic acid is disadvantageous in that if it is applied at a rela~ively late stage and under bad weather conditions, for examplc in drought, there is a danger of overdosing, which may cause in certain cases a depression of plant growth and a de-crease of the crop yield.
According to the Published German Patent Application
2,6~0,223 a combination of 2-chloroethane-phosphonic acid and one of the following compounds: N-[~trichloromethyl~-thio]-phthalimide, cis-N-[~trichloromethyl)-thio]-4-cyclo-hexene-l-dicarboximide, cis-N-[(1,2,2-tetrachloromethyl)-thio]-~-cyclohexene-1,2-dicarboxamide, iron~III)-di-.~
~ 2 meth~yl~dithiooarbama te, man,gane~e~e1;hylene~b:1s-di~
thiocarbamate9 æinc~ ethy:t~ae~urelc acid eth:yleater and tetrachl)roi~opht:tlalic acid dinitrils 1 e~ployed to accelerate pl~nt gro~thO
In the Publi~lhed G~rma~ Pat~t Appllc~t:Lon 25,2079575 N9N-dimeth~l-piperidiniu3a ~alt~ and i~ 1;h~
Publl~hed German Paten,t Applicatio~ 361,410 a combina~
tlon OI ~ trimeth~l-N-~-chloroethyl~-ammo~ium chlor:i de and 2-chloroethane-pho~pho~ic ac~d i~
disclo~ed a~ plant grqwth ac~elerating agent~ Accord-ing to the Publi~hed Germarl Pate~t Applicatlon the ~,N-dimethyl-piperidinium 9alt9 0~ 2-chloroetha~e~
phQ~phonic aGid can also be emplo~ed a~ plan~ gro~th r~gulators.
Certain 3yn~hetlc plant growth regulating agents, ~uch a~ chlorocholi~e chloride, ~uccinic acid dimethylhydrazide~ maleic acid hydra~ide~ di phenylurea/ 2,4-dichlorobenzyl~tributyl-pho~phonium chloride) phenoxyi~obutyric acid, atc. are al~o ~own 2~ in the art. 2 Chloroethane-pho~phonic acld a~d ite derivatives~ e~gO anhydride3 9 esters 9 salt3 ~nd acid chloride~ in addit~on to their plant growth regulating e~ect, according to the B.rltish Pstent Speci~ication 1~3349850 impr~ve the re~i~tance o~
cultivated plant~ against certain plant di~ea~eb~
The preparation o~ 2-chloroetha~e~phospho~ic acid i9 disclosed in the United State~ Patsnt Spe-ci~ication 3D7879486. The a~ication of thi~ compound is performed using an aqueous solution by which the whole surface of plants or seedlings is wetted. The solution contains 10 5000 ppm, in particular 100-1000 ppm of active ingredient.
According to -the state of art it is generally advantageous to add micro- and mesoelements (e.g. calcium, magnesium, iron, manganese, copper, zinc, molybdenum, cobalt and boron (alternatively referred -to herein as "bor") in the form of soluble salts or chelates) as leaf-ertilizers, since they improve the crop yield. It has further been found that the nutrients administered through the leaves affect the metabolism of plants directly, which has par-ticular advant-ages when the absorption of nu-trien-ts via the roots is inhibited for some reason.
The lack of microelements results in disorders in the vital process of plants.
The supply of microelements should suit local circumstances, which is an import-ant fac-tor to be taken into account when selecting the appropriate compositions and route of application.
Generally speaking, it can be concluded -that -there have been numerous aktempts to keep the crop yield at a stable high level by using various formulat-ions and employing different methods, but none of them could so Ear guarantee full security. To gain a sa-tisfactory control over the complicated vital proces-ses of plants complex measures or active ingredient combinations having a complex effect on the essential fac-tors affecting the crop yields are required.
The elimination of the fluctua-tion of crop yields and the increase of crop yields are among the most important goals in agriculture and require the harmonization of a large number of different factors, such as improving plant varieties, combining various chemical -treatments, use of appropria-te cultivation parameters, etc.
The invention relates to a process and composition for controlling nou-rishment of agricultural plants and which improves the capacity of plants to adapt f~
to a given soil, or weather and rainfall conditions.
We have recognized that composi-tions containing a combina-tion of cert-ain complexes of the salts of microelements, mesoelements, urea and 2-chloroe-th-ane-phosphonic acid or a derivative thereof effectively increase the crop yields of agricultural plants and reduces harmful side~effects, such as depression, etc., can min;m;~e the losses due -to uncertain and variable cultivation conditions, show little or no toxicity and fit well into conventional cultivation procedure.
The effect of the compositions containing more active ingredients surpasses the effect shown by its components separately, if the compositions are applied in certain stages of the development of the agricultural plants (in the vegetative phase), nitrogen artificial fertilizer is added sirnultaneously or before their applica-tion, they are combined with a fungicidal treatment and, if desired, the number of stocks in -the row is increased, the quantity of nitrogen fertilizer is partitioned, and optionally deep fertilization is performed.
The compositions according to the invention contain a combination of the following components, in an aqueous solution or suspension:
a) 0.1 to 80 % by mass of a combination of meso- and microelements (expressed in -the mass of elements) in the form of complexes of the salts of said meso- and microelements, which contains at least 5.10 % by mass of zinc, 5~].0 % by mass oE boron, 1.10 % by mass of copper, 1.10 % by mass of magnesium, 1.10 % by mass oE iron, 1.10 % by mass of finely divided sulfur;
b) 0.01 to 25 % by mass of 2-chloroethane-phosphonic acid, esters or salts thereof;
8~5~
c) 1.0 to 20.0 % by mass o:E urea.
The complexes of the salts of microelements are preferably metal chel-ates, more preEexably monochela-tes, which can be prepared from said salts wi-th citric acid, acetic acid, glycine, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and salts thereof, nitrilotriacetic acid and/or a mixture thereof, in a known manner. The total active ingredient concentration in the compositions amounts to 1 to 95 % by mass. The pH of the aqueous compositions is adjusted to preferably less than 4, more preferably 3.5 to 4Ø The finely divided sulfur, used as a mesoelement, preferably has a grain size below 5 microns.
The compositions can be prepared by more alternative methods. Accord-ing to a variant, the monochela-tes of the salts o E microelements are first prep-ared, 2-chloroethane-phosphonic acid is added, the pH is adjusted to 2 to 2.1, sulfur and conventiona] additives are added, the crude suspension obtained is dispersed in a colloidal mill or any other humid grinding equipment, and as soon as the required dispersity grade is achieved, urea is added.
According to another embodiment, to a solution of microelements and 2-chloroethane-phosphonic acid, -the pH of which is adjusted to 2 to 2.5, sulfur, urea and the required additives are added prior -to application.
According -to a third method, the chelates of microelements and 2-chloro-ethane-phosphonic acid are added to a concentrated suspension of finely divided sulfur, the pH is adjusted to 2.1 to 2.5 and urea and further addi-tives are added to the diluted composition.
According to a fourth method, 2-chloroethane-phosphonic acld i~ added to the chelate~ and the~inely divided 3ul~ur suspe~aiorl~ the pH i~ ad~u~ted to 2 to 205~ and a portion o~ ur~a i9 added~ The remaining portion of ~ulfur su~pen~ion and u.rea a~
well as the fur-ther ~dditives are added after tha final dilutionQ
Accordi~ to a fifth method9 the ~alt~ o~
microelement~ are aclded to -the dilutsd~ colloidal ~ulfur ~uspension7 in the 801ution Obt,airled complexeg are fo~med~ by adding the tetrasodium salt of eth~lenediaminetetraace-tic acid3 and the pH i9 ad~u~ted -to 6~5 to 7~0 by hydrochloric acidO llo ths diluted compo~ition 2-chloroetha~e~phosphonic acid, colloidal sulfur su~lpen~ion and urea are added, taking care tha.t the pH should not exceed 4.5~ Finall~, the composition is suppleme~ted with -the conYentional furthe:r additivesO
In addition to -the above methods there are numerous further method~, by which the composi-tions according to -the invention csn be preparedO
2-Chloroethane-phQsphonic ac.Ld is employed as an aqueous solution containing 40 to 50 % by mas~
of active ingredientO The sulfur ~u~pension used preferably contains 900 g./lit. of ~ulfur, in the form of a colloidal sulfur vvith a grain size below 5 micronsO Suitable compositions include Sulfur P~3 900 W (Budapesti Veg.yimiivek); Thiovit (Sandoz AG~, Sofril (Rhone Poulenc)~ Kumulu~ S WP (BAS~)~ etc~
The microelements zinc~ magnesiu~7 bor~
copper~ iron are employed in a ~uitable form~ for example a~3 concentrated ~oluti.Qn~s containing glycine and~or citric acid, but comple~es wLth nitri'lotri-acetic acid are al90 guitableO
.Pre~erred .representative~ of the derivatives of 2~chloroethRne-phospho~ic acid include anh.ydride~
acid chloride~ mono 2;chloroethyl ester and further e~ter~
Urea i9 employed as a concentrated aqueou~
solution or in the form of a cr.ystalline 9 commercially available composition.
Due to the aci dic pH o:E the compositions ~
pre~erably wetting agents with a pH of 2 to 4 are 5 emplo.yed~ They are generally prepared by combini.ng s~/t p~Q ~f~ra 6 f~ q~
the ~ollowing cornponent~: alkylbenzenesulfonic acid~
calcium ~alt, a.Lkylphenolpolyglycol ether and propylene~
oxide eth,yleneoxide condensate. A suitable commercial product i9 for example Te~siofix B 7416~ Combination~
o~ oxethylated alkylphenolpho~phate esters and alkyl benzenesul~onic acid calcium salt are also suitable.
The solid pha~e can generally be disper~ed by the aid o~ mixtures of anioni.c and non-ionic additivesO
The compo~itions are preferably applied to the plants by a-lr, in an amount of 50 to 80 lit./hectare, but I'or example in the ca~e of grains conventional ground agricultural machines can also be emplo~ed, and the amount o~ tank mixture is about 200 to 400 ~,d~ ~ Q~ k 38~
lit~ha.
The compositions according to the invention are particularly suitable for the controlled nourishment of agricultural plants, such as cereals, maize and sunflower.
In case of cereals the compositions are employed when the plan-ts are in a vege-tative stage or about the end of the period when the plants grow thick (in the F-G and J stage according to Keller-Baggiolini), in an amount of 7 to 15 lit./ha, using 50 to 80 lit./ha of tank mixture in the case of cereal application and 200 to 350 lit./ha of tank mixture in the case of ground application. Treat-ment is preferably combined wi-th the application of fungicides and insec-ticides.
If desired, the -treatment is repeated, ; ~ tely after the appearance of the second nodus of the plant (stage J according to Keller-Baggiolini). 20 -to 30 mass parts of -the N-fertilizer required is applied in autumn, while the r: ;n;ng portion in spring, top dressing is repeated 2-3 times.
In the case of short-s-tem wheat varieties 5-12 lit./ha, for int~r~ te stem lengths 7-14 lit./ha, for high lengths 8-15 li-t./ha doses are employed by air, applying 50 to 80 lit./ha of spray on the plants. Ground application is also possible. The treatment improves the stem strength.
If the stems are short, the culture is thin (below 500 plants/m ) and under dry wea-ther conditions ~ 9 _ no second treatment is necessary, otherwise it is advisable to repeat the treat-ment. A nutrient supply corresponding to the level of crop yield oE the cul-ture treated and a balanced nitrogen supply should be ensured.
If herbicides with a hormone effect are employed, the herbicidal treatment should be carried out 8 days before or after the application of the regulator. In the latter case, about 70 % of the prescribed dose should be employed.
In maize cultures, on soils having a good nutrient level the treat-ment should be carried out on 60 to 100-cm. plants, in a dose of 6-14 lit./ha., using 250 to 350 lit~/ha. of tank mixture by air or 50 to 80 lit./ha. on the ground.
If the area is deep, with internal water and the soil is impermeable, maize should be treated in a 60-80-cm. stage, in a dose of 4-14 lit./ha., pre-ferably 6 lit./ha.
A nutrient supply corresponding to the crop yield level of the treated culture and a balanced nitrogen supply should be ensured. The number of stocks is about 65-120000 pieces/ha., depending on the required level of crop yield and the moisture. 0 to 40 parts of the required nitrogen fertilizer is applied in autumn, and the r ~;ning part in spring, in one or two portions.
Top dressing is also performed.
When choosing the most suitable variety and 8~
; j,,~, hybrid, those tolerating a more dense cultivation are preferred.
Sunflower is treated in a 10-12-leaf stage (50 - 60 cm) by ground or aerial technique, using 250 - 350 lt./ha. and 50 - 80 lit./ha. of tank mixture respectively as follows:
In case of hybrids with a short stem length 6 - 10 lit./ha., for intermediate stem lengths 8 - 10 lit./ha.
and for long-stem plants 10 - 15 lit./ha. doses of the composition are applied.
A nutrient supply corresponding to the level of crop yield of the culture treated and a balanced nitrogen supply should be ensured. The total amount of nitrogen fertilizer required is applied in spring.
The denseness of the plants should exceed the conventional value by 10 to 25%, depending on the crop yield required. Accordingly, varieties and hybrids tolerating a more dense cultivation are preferred.
The following technological conditions are required:
- nutrient supply (macro- and microelements) corresponding to the desired crop yield, /o _ -~ _ in a suitable quantity, quality, variety and timing;
- deep fertilization, due to deep roots of plants;
- in case of maize and sunflower a 20-30 % increase of plants, al-ready at seeding, in case of cereals control of the period when the plants grow thick;
- a proper selection of row and stock distance, since shorter plants require a smaller cultivation area;
- motorization corresponding to the altered technology.
Under the above conditions the average crop yields are increased by about 20-40 % related to the control, and the nutritive value of the plants re-mains unchanged or even improves.
The increase of crop yields and the improvement of the quality of the crop is due to the following factors:
- increase of the stamina of plants (resistance to lodging and stem-breaking);
- increase of drought tolerance, increase of the root surface and the depth of growth, acceleration of the mechanism or the respiratory ; holes;
- decrease of the harmful side-effects of nitrogen excess (loosening of tissues, lodging, susceptibility to plant diseases, etc.) as a result of which the crop yield increasing and quality improving effects of nitrogen can be made use of;
- the treated plants show and improved resistance to impermeable soils, which are temporarily covered by water;
- due to the substantial root remedies the humus content of the soil can be preserved or even increased;
- by improving the nutrient uptake capacity oE the plants the nutrient supply can also be increased;
35~
- the resistance to facultative parasites causing necrosis is in-creased (e.g. various fungi);
- due to morphological grounds the plants show an increased resist-ance to maize moth;
- the quality and value of the products (e.g. beakery value, protein content, etc.) are substantially improved;
- nutrients can be better absorbed through leaves;
- a more balanced plant culture is obtained;
- the energy required to keep the treated plants in life is lower than usual;
- the efficiency of the photosynthesis is improved.
The results obtained by the cultivation technology according to the invention and the specific technological steps are set forth in the following tables.
~able 1 Change of the nutritive v~lue of wheat 8-10 days after treatment on soils with a good and medium Dutrient supply expressed in the average of 3 ye~rs lreatment N P ~ Na Mg Ca Cu Fe ~n Zn E S04 Cor.trol - _ _ 2-chloroethyl- in the strong decrease strong strong increase decrease very strong decrease strong decrease strong phosphonic acid leaves decrease decrease increase strong decrease decrease decrease ~, corresponding decrease to the composi- I
tion of Example the slight slight slight strong increase slight constant constant decrease increase increase constant
~ 2 meth~yl~dithiooarbama te, man,gane~e~e1;hylene~b:1s-di~
thiocarbamate9 æinc~ ethy:t~ae~urelc acid eth:yleater and tetrachl)roi~opht:tlalic acid dinitrils 1 e~ployed to accelerate pl~nt gro~thO
In the Publi~lhed G~rma~ Pat~t Appllc~t:Lon 25,2079575 N9N-dimeth~l-piperidiniu3a ~alt~ and i~ 1;h~
Publl~hed German Paten,t Applicatio~ 361,410 a combina~
tlon OI ~ trimeth~l-N-~-chloroethyl~-ammo~ium chlor:i de and 2-chloroethane-pho~pho~ic ac~d i~
disclo~ed a~ plant grqwth ac~elerating agent~ Accord-ing to the Publi~hed Germarl Pate~t Applicatlon the ~,N-dimethyl-piperidinium 9alt9 0~ 2-chloroetha~e~
phQ~phonic aGid can also be emplo~ed a~ plan~ gro~th r~gulators.
Certain 3yn~hetlc plant growth regulating agents, ~uch a~ chlorocholi~e chloride, ~uccinic acid dimethylhydrazide~ maleic acid hydra~ide~ di phenylurea/ 2,4-dichlorobenzyl~tributyl-pho~phonium chloride) phenoxyi~obutyric acid, atc. are al~o ~own 2~ in the art. 2 Chloroethane-pho~phonic acld a~d ite derivatives~ e~gO anhydride3 9 esters 9 salt3 ~nd acid chloride~ in addit~on to their plant growth regulating e~ect, according to the B.rltish Pstent Speci~ication 1~3349850 impr~ve the re~i~tance o~
cultivated plant~ against certain plant di~ea~eb~
The preparation o~ 2-chloroetha~e~phospho~ic acid i9 disclosed in the United State~ Patsnt Spe-ci~ication 3D7879486. The a~ication of thi~ compound is performed using an aqueous solution by which the whole surface of plants or seedlings is wetted. The solution contains 10 5000 ppm, in particular 100-1000 ppm of active ingredient.
According to -the state of art it is generally advantageous to add micro- and mesoelements (e.g. calcium, magnesium, iron, manganese, copper, zinc, molybdenum, cobalt and boron (alternatively referred -to herein as "bor") in the form of soluble salts or chelates) as leaf-ertilizers, since they improve the crop yield. It has further been found that the nutrients administered through the leaves affect the metabolism of plants directly, which has par-ticular advant-ages when the absorption of nu-trien-ts via the roots is inhibited for some reason.
The lack of microelements results in disorders in the vital process of plants.
The supply of microelements should suit local circumstances, which is an import-ant fac-tor to be taken into account when selecting the appropriate compositions and route of application.
Generally speaking, it can be concluded -that -there have been numerous aktempts to keep the crop yield at a stable high level by using various formulat-ions and employing different methods, but none of them could so Ear guarantee full security. To gain a sa-tisfactory control over the complicated vital proces-ses of plants complex measures or active ingredient combinations having a complex effect on the essential fac-tors affecting the crop yields are required.
The elimination of the fluctua-tion of crop yields and the increase of crop yields are among the most important goals in agriculture and require the harmonization of a large number of different factors, such as improving plant varieties, combining various chemical -treatments, use of appropria-te cultivation parameters, etc.
The invention relates to a process and composition for controlling nou-rishment of agricultural plants and which improves the capacity of plants to adapt f~
to a given soil, or weather and rainfall conditions.
We have recognized that composi-tions containing a combina-tion of cert-ain complexes of the salts of microelements, mesoelements, urea and 2-chloroe-th-ane-phosphonic acid or a derivative thereof effectively increase the crop yields of agricultural plants and reduces harmful side~effects, such as depression, etc., can min;m;~e the losses due -to uncertain and variable cultivation conditions, show little or no toxicity and fit well into conventional cultivation procedure.
The effect of the compositions containing more active ingredients surpasses the effect shown by its components separately, if the compositions are applied in certain stages of the development of the agricultural plants (in the vegetative phase), nitrogen artificial fertilizer is added sirnultaneously or before their applica-tion, they are combined with a fungicidal treatment and, if desired, the number of stocks in -the row is increased, the quantity of nitrogen fertilizer is partitioned, and optionally deep fertilization is performed.
The compositions according to the invention contain a combination of the following components, in an aqueous solution or suspension:
a) 0.1 to 80 % by mass of a combination of meso- and microelements (expressed in -the mass of elements) in the form of complexes of the salts of said meso- and microelements, which contains at least 5.10 % by mass of zinc, 5~].0 % by mass oE boron, 1.10 % by mass of copper, 1.10 % by mass of magnesium, 1.10 % by mass oE iron, 1.10 % by mass of finely divided sulfur;
b) 0.01 to 25 % by mass of 2-chloroethane-phosphonic acid, esters or salts thereof;
8~5~
c) 1.0 to 20.0 % by mass o:E urea.
The complexes of the salts of microelements are preferably metal chel-ates, more preEexably monochela-tes, which can be prepared from said salts wi-th citric acid, acetic acid, glycine, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and salts thereof, nitrilotriacetic acid and/or a mixture thereof, in a known manner. The total active ingredient concentration in the compositions amounts to 1 to 95 % by mass. The pH of the aqueous compositions is adjusted to preferably less than 4, more preferably 3.5 to 4Ø The finely divided sulfur, used as a mesoelement, preferably has a grain size below 5 microns.
The compositions can be prepared by more alternative methods. Accord-ing to a variant, the monochela-tes of the salts o E microelements are first prep-ared, 2-chloroethane-phosphonic acid is added, the pH is adjusted to 2 to 2.1, sulfur and conventiona] additives are added, the crude suspension obtained is dispersed in a colloidal mill or any other humid grinding equipment, and as soon as the required dispersity grade is achieved, urea is added.
According to another embodiment, to a solution of microelements and 2-chloroethane-phosphonic acid, -the pH of which is adjusted to 2 to 2.5, sulfur, urea and the required additives are added prior -to application.
According -to a third method, the chelates of microelements and 2-chloro-ethane-phosphonic acid are added to a concentrated suspension of finely divided sulfur, the pH is adjusted to 2.1 to 2.5 and urea and further addi-tives are added to the diluted composition.
According to a fourth method, 2-chloroethane-phosphonic acld i~ added to the chelate~ and the~inely divided 3ul~ur suspe~aiorl~ the pH i~ ad~u~ted to 2 to 205~ and a portion o~ ur~a i9 added~ The remaining portion of ~ulfur su~pen~ion and u.rea a~
well as the fur-ther ~dditives are added after tha final dilutionQ
Accordi~ to a fifth method9 the ~alt~ o~
microelement~ are aclded to -the dilutsd~ colloidal ~ulfur ~uspension7 in the 801ution Obt,airled complexeg are fo~med~ by adding the tetrasodium salt of eth~lenediaminetetraace-tic acid3 and the pH i9 ad~u~ted -to 6~5 to 7~0 by hydrochloric acidO llo ths diluted compo~ition 2-chloroetha~e~phosphonic acid, colloidal sulfur su~lpen~ion and urea are added, taking care tha.t the pH should not exceed 4.5~ Finall~, the composition is suppleme~ted with -the conYentional furthe:r additivesO
In addition to -the above methods there are numerous further method~, by which the composi-tions according to -the invention csn be preparedO
2-Chloroethane-phQsphonic ac.Ld is employed as an aqueous solution containing 40 to 50 % by mas~
of active ingredientO The sulfur ~u~pension used preferably contains 900 g./lit. of ~ulfur, in the form of a colloidal sulfur vvith a grain size below 5 micronsO Suitable compositions include Sulfur P~3 900 W (Budapesti Veg.yimiivek); Thiovit (Sandoz AG~, Sofril (Rhone Poulenc)~ Kumulu~ S WP (BAS~)~ etc~
The microelements zinc~ magnesiu~7 bor~
copper~ iron are employed in a ~uitable form~ for example a~3 concentrated ~oluti.Qn~s containing glycine and~or citric acid, but comple~es wLth nitri'lotri-acetic acid are al90 guitableO
.Pre~erred .representative~ of the derivatives of 2~chloroethRne-phospho~ic acid include anh.ydride~
acid chloride~ mono 2;chloroethyl ester and further e~ter~
Urea i9 employed as a concentrated aqueou~
solution or in the form of a cr.ystalline 9 commercially available composition.
Due to the aci dic pH o:E the compositions ~
pre~erably wetting agents with a pH of 2 to 4 are 5 emplo.yed~ They are generally prepared by combini.ng s~/t p~Q ~f~ra 6 f~ q~
the ~ollowing cornponent~: alkylbenzenesulfonic acid~
calcium ~alt, a.Lkylphenolpolyglycol ether and propylene~
oxide eth,yleneoxide condensate. A suitable commercial product i9 for example Te~siofix B 7416~ Combination~
o~ oxethylated alkylphenolpho~phate esters and alkyl benzenesul~onic acid calcium salt are also suitable.
The solid pha~e can generally be disper~ed by the aid o~ mixtures of anioni.c and non-ionic additivesO
The compo~itions are preferably applied to the plants by a-lr, in an amount of 50 to 80 lit./hectare, but I'or example in the ca~e of grains conventional ground agricultural machines can also be emplo~ed, and the amount o~ tank mixture is about 200 to 400 ~,d~ ~ Q~ k 38~
lit~ha.
The compositions according to the invention are particularly suitable for the controlled nourishment of agricultural plants, such as cereals, maize and sunflower.
In case of cereals the compositions are employed when the plan-ts are in a vege-tative stage or about the end of the period when the plants grow thick (in the F-G and J stage according to Keller-Baggiolini), in an amount of 7 to 15 lit./ha, using 50 to 80 lit./ha of tank mixture in the case of cereal application and 200 to 350 lit./ha of tank mixture in the case of ground application. Treat-ment is preferably combined wi-th the application of fungicides and insec-ticides.
If desired, the -treatment is repeated, ; ~ tely after the appearance of the second nodus of the plant (stage J according to Keller-Baggiolini). 20 -to 30 mass parts of -the N-fertilizer required is applied in autumn, while the r: ;n;ng portion in spring, top dressing is repeated 2-3 times.
In the case of short-s-tem wheat varieties 5-12 lit./ha, for int~r~ te stem lengths 7-14 lit./ha, for high lengths 8-15 li-t./ha doses are employed by air, applying 50 to 80 lit./ha of spray on the plants. Ground application is also possible. The treatment improves the stem strength.
If the stems are short, the culture is thin (below 500 plants/m ) and under dry wea-ther conditions ~ 9 _ no second treatment is necessary, otherwise it is advisable to repeat the treat-ment. A nutrient supply corresponding to the level of crop yield oE the cul-ture treated and a balanced nitrogen supply should be ensured.
If herbicides with a hormone effect are employed, the herbicidal treatment should be carried out 8 days before or after the application of the regulator. In the latter case, about 70 % of the prescribed dose should be employed.
In maize cultures, on soils having a good nutrient level the treat-ment should be carried out on 60 to 100-cm. plants, in a dose of 6-14 lit./ha., using 250 to 350 lit~/ha. of tank mixture by air or 50 to 80 lit./ha. on the ground.
If the area is deep, with internal water and the soil is impermeable, maize should be treated in a 60-80-cm. stage, in a dose of 4-14 lit./ha., pre-ferably 6 lit./ha.
A nutrient supply corresponding to the crop yield level of the treated culture and a balanced nitrogen supply should be ensured. The number of stocks is about 65-120000 pieces/ha., depending on the required level of crop yield and the moisture. 0 to 40 parts of the required nitrogen fertilizer is applied in autumn, and the r ~;ning part in spring, in one or two portions.
Top dressing is also performed.
When choosing the most suitable variety and 8~
; j,,~, hybrid, those tolerating a more dense cultivation are preferred.
Sunflower is treated in a 10-12-leaf stage (50 - 60 cm) by ground or aerial technique, using 250 - 350 lt./ha. and 50 - 80 lit./ha. of tank mixture respectively as follows:
In case of hybrids with a short stem length 6 - 10 lit./ha., for intermediate stem lengths 8 - 10 lit./ha.
and for long-stem plants 10 - 15 lit./ha. doses of the composition are applied.
A nutrient supply corresponding to the level of crop yield of the culture treated and a balanced nitrogen supply should be ensured. The total amount of nitrogen fertilizer required is applied in spring.
The denseness of the plants should exceed the conventional value by 10 to 25%, depending on the crop yield required. Accordingly, varieties and hybrids tolerating a more dense cultivation are preferred.
The following technological conditions are required:
- nutrient supply (macro- and microelements) corresponding to the desired crop yield, /o _ -~ _ in a suitable quantity, quality, variety and timing;
- deep fertilization, due to deep roots of plants;
- in case of maize and sunflower a 20-30 % increase of plants, al-ready at seeding, in case of cereals control of the period when the plants grow thick;
- a proper selection of row and stock distance, since shorter plants require a smaller cultivation area;
- motorization corresponding to the altered technology.
Under the above conditions the average crop yields are increased by about 20-40 % related to the control, and the nutritive value of the plants re-mains unchanged or even improves.
The increase of crop yields and the improvement of the quality of the crop is due to the following factors:
- increase of the stamina of plants (resistance to lodging and stem-breaking);
- increase of drought tolerance, increase of the root surface and the depth of growth, acceleration of the mechanism or the respiratory ; holes;
- decrease of the harmful side-effects of nitrogen excess (loosening of tissues, lodging, susceptibility to plant diseases, etc.) as a result of which the crop yield increasing and quality improving effects of nitrogen can be made use of;
- the treated plants show and improved resistance to impermeable soils, which are temporarily covered by water;
- due to the substantial root remedies the humus content of the soil can be preserved or even increased;
- by improving the nutrient uptake capacity oE the plants the nutrient supply can also be increased;
35~
- the resistance to facultative parasites causing necrosis is in-creased (e.g. various fungi);
- due to morphological grounds the plants show an increased resist-ance to maize moth;
- the quality and value of the products (e.g. beakery value, protein content, etc.) are substantially improved;
- nutrients can be better absorbed through leaves;
- a more balanced plant culture is obtained;
- the energy required to keep the treated plants in life is lower than usual;
- the efficiency of the photosynthesis is improved.
The results obtained by the cultivation technology according to the invention and the specific technological steps are set forth in the following tables.
~able 1 Change of the nutritive v~lue of wheat 8-10 days after treatment on soils with a good and medium Dutrient supply expressed in the average of 3 ye~rs lreatment N P ~ Na Mg Ca Cu Fe ~n Zn E S04 Cor.trol - _ _ 2-chloroethyl- in the strong decrease strong strong increase decrease very strong decrease strong decrease strong phosphonic acid leaves decrease decrease increase strong decrease decrease decrease ~, corresponding decrease to the composi- I
tion of Example the slight slight slight strong increase slight constant constant decrease increase increase constant
3 roots increase increase increase increase increase ~
Composition in the constant slight constant medium increase constant slight constant slight increase constant constant ~Jf of Example 3 leaves increase increase decrease decre~se in a dose of 9 lit./ha. in the increase slight medium increase increase increase medium increase increase increase increase increase roots increase incre~se increase Unable to recognize this page.
The biological results obta:ined according to the invention are further illustrated by the following Examples.
Preparation of compositions Example 1 An aqueous suspension containing the necessary additives in addition to the active ingredients is prepared. The composition is generally applied by plane or ground technique, in 50 and 300 lit. of water, respectively. When applied as a tank mixture the composition can be supplemented with urea. The volume weight of the composition is adjusted to 1.65-1.70.
Components Concentration (w/w %) in the compositionin a tank mixture (ground applica-tion) Zn 0.128 0.0060 B 0.024 0.0008 Cu 0.145 0.005 Mg 0.145 0.005 Fe 0.210 0.008 2-chloroethane-phosphonic acid0.500 0.025 elementary sulfur 66.600 2.360 urea - 1.260 ethyleneglycol3.600 0.13 Ultrasin* NA 1.8 0.06 Rodopol* 23 0.12 0.0044 Tensiofix XN6 0.54 0.020 To prepare 1 lit. of the above composition 8.4 g. of citric acid and 25 ml. of a 96 % acetic acid are employed. 2-chloroethane-phosphonic acid is *Trade Mark .~
added to the solution after the addition of the complex-forming acids, where-upon the pH of the solution is adjusted to 2-2.5 by ammonium hydroxide. There-after sulfur is added in a crude disperse form, followed by the addition of the further additives, and the final volume is made up to 1 lit. The obtained crude dispersion is dispersed in a colloidal mi]l or any other wet m;ll ing equipment until the grain size of sulfur is suitable.
Example 2 An aqueous suspension having the fo]lowing composition is prepared:
Components Concentration (w/w %) in the co-m-position in a tank mixture (ground application) Zn 1.15 0.03 B 0.38 0.01 Cu 1.15 0.03 Mg 0.72 0.02 Fe 1.18 0.035 2-chloroethane-phosphonic acid 15.20 0.500 elementary sulfur - 2.400 urea - 1.200 Ultrasin NA - 0.23 Tensiofix XH6 - 0.002 volume weight: 1.31 First the citric acid/acetic acid complexes of the microelements are prepared as described in Example 1. Instead of the salts of the microelements zinc and iron an equivalent amount of Sequestren Na2Zn (powder, chelate formed with ethylenediamine-tetraacetic acid, containing 6 mass % of zinc) or 8~1 Sequestren 330 Fe (contain:ing 10 mass % of iron) in the form of ethylenediamine-tetraacetic acid chelate, Ciba Geigy, Switzerland) and also be employed. There-after 2-chloroethane-phosphonic acid is added to the composition, and the pH is adjusted to 2.1 by ammonium hydroxide. To the tank mixture the necessary amounts of sulfur (Sulfur 900 FW) and urea are added.
Example 3 An aqueous suspension having the following composition is prepared:
Components Concentration (w/w %) in the compositionin a tank mixture (ground applica-tion) Zn 0.81 0.023 B 0.08 0.0023 Cu 0.54 0.015 Fe 0.63 0.020 2-chloroethane-phosphonic acid7.23 0.21 elementary sulEur 31.60 0.90 Mg 0.54 0.015 urea - 0.17 Ultrasin ~A 6.9 0.17 Rodopol 23 0.47 0.13 Tensiofix XN6 1.0 0.28 volume weight: 1.3 To prepare 1 lit. of the above composition 150 ml. of water are added to 456 ml. of an aqueous sulfur suspension~ whereupon the citric acid/acetic acid complexes of the microelements are prepared as described in Example 1. As a complexing agent 26.5 g. of citric acid, 80 ml. of a 96 % acetic acid and 12.1 g. of ethylenediamine-tetraacetic acid-sodium are employed. Instead of the salts of iron and ~inc the Sequestren compos:itions given in Example 2 may also be used. To the composition obtained 94.1 g. of 2-chloroethane-phosphonic acid are added, and the pH of the suspension is adjusted to 2.1-2.4 with aqueous ammonium hydroxide. The volume of the suspension is made up to 1 lit. with water, and in case of tank mixture the necessary urea is added separately.
Example 4 An aqueous dispersion of the following composition is prepared:
Components Concentration ~w/w %) in the compositionin a tank mixture (ground applica-tion) Zn 0.58 0.015 B 0.16 0.004 Cu 0.42 0.011 Mg 0.65 0.020 Fe 0.50 0.013 2-chloroethane-phosphonic acid 12.20 0.330 elementary sulfur8.13 0.91 urea 16.30 1.20 Ultrasil NA 7.3 0.17 Rodopol 23 0.5 0.13 Tensiofix XN6 1.05 0.28 volume weight: 1.23 To prepare 1 lit. of the above composition 250 ml. of water are added to 110 ml. of an aqueous sulfur suspension, followed by the addition of the citric acid/acetic acid complexes of the microelements. As a complexing agent 21 g. of citric acid, 6~ ml. of a 96 % acetic acid and 8.8 g. of ethylenediamine-tetraacetic acid-Na are employed. Thereafter 150 g. of 2-chloroethane-phosphonic acid is added, and the pH is adjusted to 2.0-2.1 by aqueous ammonium hydroxide. To the composition 200 g. of urea are added, and it is made up to 1 lit. with water.
To a tank mixture sulfur and a further portion of urea are also added to ensure the required concentrations.
Example 5 An aqueous dispersion having the following composition is prepared;
Components Concentration (w/w %) in the compositionin a tank mixture (ground applica-tion) Zn 0.57 0.015 B 0.13 0.004 Cu 0.41 0.011 Mg 0.64 0.020 Fe 0.49 0.013 2-chloroethane-phosphonic acid - 0.33 elementary sulfur8.00 0.91 urea - 1.20 Ultrasin NA 4.80 0.12 Rodopol 23 0.50 0.013 TensioEix XN6 1.04 0.028 volume weight: 1.25 To prepare 1 lit. of the above composition 250 ml. water are added to 110 ml. of an aqueous sulfur suspension, and the salts of the microelements are dissolved in the suspension obtained~ The salts of the microelements are con-verted into the corresponding complexes by ethylenediamine-tetraacetic acid-Na.
The pH is adjusted to 6.5 to 7.0 by hydrochloric acid of technical grade.
To prepare a tank mixture to the necessary amount of 2-chloroethane-phosphonic acid the above suspension is added, followed by the addition the necessary amounts of colloidal sulfur and urea. The pH of the tank mixture is about 4.5.
Biological Examples Example 6 The composition according to Example 3 was employed to increase the crop yield of autumn wheat. 4-9 lit./ha. doses of the composition were applied to the plants in the stage F-G and J, by spraying twice.
Phosphorus and potassium fertilizers should be applied in autumn, in an amount corresponding to the desired crop yield. In fields where the Zn and Cu concentration oE soil is low, these and if desired, further microelements should be supplemented by a single fertilization, in an amount corresponding to the desired crop yield. If the Zn and Cu concentration is extremely low, they can be supplemented also in spring by leaf-fertilization.
About 20 to 30 ~ of the nitrogen corresponding to the desired crop yield should be applied to the fields as a basis-fertilizer. After papil-ionaceae this treatment can be omitted, while after maize and sunflower the nitrogen amount required to decompose the r~;n;ng organic materials is advant-ageously added in autumn.
On impermeable and sandy soils, to avoid denitrification and washing off, nitrogen is preferably applied in the autumn, in the form of urea (nitrogen stabilizers are preferably also employed, e.g. N-Serve,* DOW Chemical, USA).
The nutrient supply of the deeper layers of soil and deep fertiliza-*Trade Mark ~, tion are of utmost importance. It is further important that the desired crops yields can be increased by 10 to 30 %, preferably 20 to 25 % related to the usual levels. On good soil having a high nutrient concentration, when a variety providing a good crop yield is selected, even a yield of 10 tones/ha.
can be achieved for 950 stocks/m2.
The rr~;n;ng portion of nitrogen fertilizer is applied in spring, as a top dressing. The first top dressing should be carried out several days be-fore the start of the spring vegetation, depending on the number of stocks which have lived through the winter and the nitrogen supply of the soil:
- in a thin culture (3-4.5 millions of stocks/ha.) about 40 to 45 %
of the total calculated nitrogen amount should l,e applied, depending on the nitrogen supply of the soil;
- at a stock number of 4.5 to 6.0 millions/ha. 35 to 40 % of the total nitrogen demand should be applied;
- over a stock number of 6.0 millions/ha. 30-36 % of the calculated nitrogen demand ~ ~y 't ~hould be applied to th0 plant~0 l'he ~iret chemical treatment ~ith a compo~
sition according to Example 3 ~hould be oarrled out in the E~G ~tage accordi~g to ~eller~Baggiolini~
aiter the ~ir~t top dre3e~ng~ u~ing 7~12, pre~era~l~
9.0 lit./ha. o~ the compo~ition (or a corre~pond~ng amount of active ingredlent~)l The compo~ltio~ can be applied to the plan-te by ground or areal techni~l~e a~
well, u~ing 2Q0~300 and 5-90 lit~ha~ ta~k mixture, reepectively.
~ he eecond top dres~ing i~ per~ormed in the ~tage I of the wheat development acoording to Keller~
Baggiolini, be~ore the ~econd chemical treatmentO ~y -thie second top dre~ing the remaining~portion o~ the total nitrogen amount reguired i~ applied~
The ~econd chemical -treatment can be carried out directly af-ter the appeara~ce of the ~econd nodue o~ wheat, when the small, opened ear o~ corn i6 about 1.5~2.0 cm. (accordi~g to Keller~aggiolini in the J
Z0 ~tage of wheat development) 4-9, pre~erably 5-lit~/ha~
do~e~ are employed.
For varieties with a 3hort etem length onl~
the ~ir~t treatment i~ nece~ar~.
~ or varieties with a medium ~tem length, over " .
600 earJmC~ in rainy weather~ for rich ~oil with a good nitro~en eupply two chemic~L treatment~ are nece~ar~.
In ca~e of varietiee with a l~ng 3tem length t, :`- 9 ~`
the ~3econd chemical treatment ~hould be omit-ted only in extrem drou~ht. The compo~ition ~hould be applied b~ air, u~ing 50~90 lit./ha~ o~ a tank mixture b~t grou~d techniques c~n al~o be emplo~edg It i~ very ~dvantageou~ to carxy out thi~
treatment directl~ a~ter a bigger rain~all.
The third top dre~.sing i~ carried out in -the K-L tage o~ the development o~ wheat (Kellerlw Baggiolini); -taking lnto accoun-t the nitrogen supply~
dense~e~ and crop yield about 30~35 kg.~ha~ o~
nitrogen are employed, over the calculated value, i~ the nitrogen ~uppl~ o~ the eoil i3 not sati~actory for ~ome rea~on~
~h~ plant protection is carxied out accord~
ing to modern agricultural technique~, corre~ponding to -the ~it~ation and the number of weedeO I~ a hormon!-like herbicide i~ employed, the chemical weed~killing i~ per~ormed 7 days before or a~ter treatment with the compo3ition according to E~ample 3~ I~ the herbicide treatment is carried out after the treatment with the compoeition of Example 3, about 70 % o~ the usual herbicide doee ~hould be employed.`
Protection again~t pathogenes, in particular milc~ew, ~usarium and rusts shoul.d be carried out wit~
special care~ On ~ield~, wher~ wheat is cultivated in more ~ubsequent year~, a ~enomyl~containing tank mixture or any other fun~icide generally u~ed ~or ~, .~ .. ~ ,.
this purpo~e ~hould be emplo~ed~ whan the plant~ ~row thick~
The nece~arV ~ungicide and i~acticide trea-tment~ can be ¢arried out ~imultaneou~ly wl~h -the compo~ition o~ E~ample ~ It i~, howe~er9 advisable to investigate be~cre admix-ture~ ~hether the variou~
component~ are freely a~mi~ible~
~he re~ult~ are illustrated in Table 3.
Tab le 3 Increase in crop yield~ of autumn wheat Variety Txeated Co~trol area ~ha) average crop area~ha~ average yield çrop yiel~
(tones~ha) (tones~a) Szava 3+3 7.23 3~3 6.10 GK~Szeged 3~3 7~30 3~3 5.60 Example 7 The compo~ition according to ~xample 3 wa~
emplo~ed to i~crease the crop yield of autumn barley~
The barley wa~ treated in the ~tage~ F-G and J, u~ing the prescribed dose~.
The P and K fer-tilizers were applied in an amount corre~ponding to the de~ired crop yialdg as a basic ~ertilizer. On ~ield~, where the ~oil ha~ a low ~n and ~u concentration, the~e and further nece~sary microelement~ ~hould be supplemented, ~imultaneou~ly with -the basic ~ertilization~ in an amount harmonized with the de~ired crop ~ield. If the ~oil ha~ a great Zn and Cu deficiency, the demand of plants can be met in springtime, in the form of leaf-fertilization.
20-30 % of nitrogen necessary to achieve the desired crop yield is applied a]so as a basic fertiliæer. After papilionaceae this treatment can be omitted, but after maize or sunflower a nitrogen amount required to decompose the remaining organic materials, should also be added in autumn.
On impermeable or sandy soils, due to the danger of denitrification and washing off, nitrogen is preferably applied in autumn, in the form of urea (the use of nitrogen stabilizers, e.g. N-Serve,*DOW Chemical, USA is advisable).
The deeper layers of soil should preferably have a good nutrient sup-ply, which can be improved by deep fertilization. In this manner crop yields exceeding the conventional results by ]0-30 %, preferably 20-35 % can be achieved. On rich soils, using carefully selected varieties, ensuring a good yield, even crop yields exceeding the above limits can be achieved.
The re~ in-ing portion of nitrogen is applied in spring, as a top dressing.
The first top dressing should be carried out several days before the start of the spring vegetation, depending on the number of stocks which have lived through the winter, and the nitrogen supply of the soil:
- in a thin culture (3-4.5 millions of stocks/ha.) about 40-45 % of the total calculated nitrogen amount should be applied, depending on the nitrogen supply of the soil;
- at a stock number of 4.5 to 6.0 millions/ha. 35 to 40 % of the total nitrogen demand should be applied;
- over a stock number of 6.0 millions/ha. 30 to 36 % of the calculated nitrogen demand should be applied to the plants.
The first chemical treatment with a composition according to Example 3 *Trade Mark should be carried out in the E-G stage according to Keller-Baggiolini, after the first top dressing, using 8-12, preferably 8-9 lit./ha. of the composition (or a corresponding amount of active ingredients). The composition can be applied to the plants by ground technique or by air as well, using 200-300 and 50-90 lit./ha. tank mixture, respectively.
The second top dressing is performed in the I stage of barley develop-ment, according to Keller-Baggio]ini, before the second chemical treatment. By this second top dressing the r~ ~;ning portion of the total nitrogen amount re-quired is applied.
The second chemical treatment with the composition according to Example 3 is carried out directly after the appearance of the second nodus of barley, when the small, opened ear of corn is about 2.0 to ~ 7 2~5 cm ~stage J acco:rding to Keller~Bagglollni)~
Composition in the constant slight constant medium increase constant slight constant slight increase constant constant ~Jf of Example 3 leaves increase increase decrease decre~se in a dose of 9 lit./ha. in the increase slight medium increase increase increase medium increase increase increase increase increase roots increase incre~se increase Unable to recognize this page.
The biological results obta:ined according to the invention are further illustrated by the following Examples.
Preparation of compositions Example 1 An aqueous suspension containing the necessary additives in addition to the active ingredients is prepared. The composition is generally applied by plane or ground technique, in 50 and 300 lit. of water, respectively. When applied as a tank mixture the composition can be supplemented with urea. The volume weight of the composition is adjusted to 1.65-1.70.
Components Concentration (w/w %) in the compositionin a tank mixture (ground applica-tion) Zn 0.128 0.0060 B 0.024 0.0008 Cu 0.145 0.005 Mg 0.145 0.005 Fe 0.210 0.008 2-chloroethane-phosphonic acid0.500 0.025 elementary sulfur 66.600 2.360 urea - 1.260 ethyleneglycol3.600 0.13 Ultrasin* NA 1.8 0.06 Rodopol* 23 0.12 0.0044 Tensiofix XN6 0.54 0.020 To prepare 1 lit. of the above composition 8.4 g. of citric acid and 25 ml. of a 96 % acetic acid are employed. 2-chloroethane-phosphonic acid is *Trade Mark .~
added to the solution after the addition of the complex-forming acids, where-upon the pH of the solution is adjusted to 2-2.5 by ammonium hydroxide. There-after sulfur is added in a crude disperse form, followed by the addition of the further additives, and the final volume is made up to 1 lit. The obtained crude dispersion is dispersed in a colloidal mi]l or any other wet m;ll ing equipment until the grain size of sulfur is suitable.
Example 2 An aqueous suspension having the fo]lowing composition is prepared:
Components Concentration (w/w %) in the co-m-position in a tank mixture (ground application) Zn 1.15 0.03 B 0.38 0.01 Cu 1.15 0.03 Mg 0.72 0.02 Fe 1.18 0.035 2-chloroethane-phosphonic acid 15.20 0.500 elementary sulfur - 2.400 urea - 1.200 Ultrasin NA - 0.23 Tensiofix XH6 - 0.002 volume weight: 1.31 First the citric acid/acetic acid complexes of the microelements are prepared as described in Example 1. Instead of the salts of the microelements zinc and iron an equivalent amount of Sequestren Na2Zn (powder, chelate formed with ethylenediamine-tetraacetic acid, containing 6 mass % of zinc) or 8~1 Sequestren 330 Fe (contain:ing 10 mass % of iron) in the form of ethylenediamine-tetraacetic acid chelate, Ciba Geigy, Switzerland) and also be employed. There-after 2-chloroethane-phosphonic acid is added to the composition, and the pH is adjusted to 2.1 by ammonium hydroxide. To the tank mixture the necessary amounts of sulfur (Sulfur 900 FW) and urea are added.
Example 3 An aqueous suspension having the following composition is prepared:
Components Concentration (w/w %) in the compositionin a tank mixture (ground applica-tion) Zn 0.81 0.023 B 0.08 0.0023 Cu 0.54 0.015 Fe 0.63 0.020 2-chloroethane-phosphonic acid7.23 0.21 elementary sulEur 31.60 0.90 Mg 0.54 0.015 urea - 0.17 Ultrasin ~A 6.9 0.17 Rodopol 23 0.47 0.13 Tensiofix XN6 1.0 0.28 volume weight: 1.3 To prepare 1 lit. of the above composition 150 ml. of water are added to 456 ml. of an aqueous sulfur suspension~ whereupon the citric acid/acetic acid complexes of the microelements are prepared as described in Example 1. As a complexing agent 26.5 g. of citric acid, 80 ml. of a 96 % acetic acid and 12.1 g. of ethylenediamine-tetraacetic acid-sodium are employed. Instead of the salts of iron and ~inc the Sequestren compos:itions given in Example 2 may also be used. To the composition obtained 94.1 g. of 2-chloroethane-phosphonic acid are added, and the pH of the suspension is adjusted to 2.1-2.4 with aqueous ammonium hydroxide. The volume of the suspension is made up to 1 lit. with water, and in case of tank mixture the necessary urea is added separately.
Example 4 An aqueous dispersion of the following composition is prepared:
Components Concentration ~w/w %) in the compositionin a tank mixture (ground applica-tion) Zn 0.58 0.015 B 0.16 0.004 Cu 0.42 0.011 Mg 0.65 0.020 Fe 0.50 0.013 2-chloroethane-phosphonic acid 12.20 0.330 elementary sulfur8.13 0.91 urea 16.30 1.20 Ultrasil NA 7.3 0.17 Rodopol 23 0.5 0.13 Tensiofix XN6 1.05 0.28 volume weight: 1.23 To prepare 1 lit. of the above composition 250 ml. of water are added to 110 ml. of an aqueous sulfur suspension, followed by the addition of the citric acid/acetic acid complexes of the microelements. As a complexing agent 21 g. of citric acid, 6~ ml. of a 96 % acetic acid and 8.8 g. of ethylenediamine-tetraacetic acid-Na are employed. Thereafter 150 g. of 2-chloroethane-phosphonic acid is added, and the pH is adjusted to 2.0-2.1 by aqueous ammonium hydroxide. To the composition 200 g. of urea are added, and it is made up to 1 lit. with water.
To a tank mixture sulfur and a further portion of urea are also added to ensure the required concentrations.
Example 5 An aqueous dispersion having the following composition is prepared;
Components Concentration (w/w %) in the compositionin a tank mixture (ground applica-tion) Zn 0.57 0.015 B 0.13 0.004 Cu 0.41 0.011 Mg 0.64 0.020 Fe 0.49 0.013 2-chloroethane-phosphonic acid - 0.33 elementary sulfur8.00 0.91 urea - 1.20 Ultrasin NA 4.80 0.12 Rodopol 23 0.50 0.013 TensioEix XN6 1.04 0.028 volume weight: 1.25 To prepare 1 lit. of the above composition 250 ml. water are added to 110 ml. of an aqueous sulfur suspension, and the salts of the microelements are dissolved in the suspension obtained~ The salts of the microelements are con-verted into the corresponding complexes by ethylenediamine-tetraacetic acid-Na.
The pH is adjusted to 6.5 to 7.0 by hydrochloric acid of technical grade.
To prepare a tank mixture to the necessary amount of 2-chloroethane-phosphonic acid the above suspension is added, followed by the addition the necessary amounts of colloidal sulfur and urea. The pH of the tank mixture is about 4.5.
Biological Examples Example 6 The composition according to Example 3 was employed to increase the crop yield of autumn wheat. 4-9 lit./ha. doses of the composition were applied to the plants in the stage F-G and J, by spraying twice.
Phosphorus and potassium fertilizers should be applied in autumn, in an amount corresponding to the desired crop yield. In fields where the Zn and Cu concentration oE soil is low, these and if desired, further microelements should be supplemented by a single fertilization, in an amount corresponding to the desired crop yield. If the Zn and Cu concentration is extremely low, they can be supplemented also in spring by leaf-fertilization.
About 20 to 30 ~ of the nitrogen corresponding to the desired crop yield should be applied to the fields as a basis-fertilizer. After papil-ionaceae this treatment can be omitted, while after maize and sunflower the nitrogen amount required to decompose the r~;n;ng organic materials is advant-ageously added in autumn.
On impermeable and sandy soils, to avoid denitrification and washing off, nitrogen is preferably applied in the autumn, in the form of urea (nitrogen stabilizers are preferably also employed, e.g. N-Serve,* DOW Chemical, USA).
The nutrient supply of the deeper layers of soil and deep fertiliza-*Trade Mark ~, tion are of utmost importance. It is further important that the desired crops yields can be increased by 10 to 30 %, preferably 20 to 25 % related to the usual levels. On good soil having a high nutrient concentration, when a variety providing a good crop yield is selected, even a yield of 10 tones/ha.
can be achieved for 950 stocks/m2.
The rr~;n;ng portion of nitrogen fertilizer is applied in spring, as a top dressing. The first top dressing should be carried out several days be-fore the start of the spring vegetation, depending on the number of stocks which have lived through the winter and the nitrogen supply of the soil:
- in a thin culture (3-4.5 millions of stocks/ha.) about 40 to 45 %
of the total calculated nitrogen amount should l,e applied, depending on the nitrogen supply of the soil;
- at a stock number of 4.5 to 6.0 millions/ha. 35 to 40 % of the total nitrogen demand should be applied;
- over a stock number of 6.0 millions/ha. 30-36 % of the calculated nitrogen demand ~ ~y 't ~hould be applied to th0 plant~0 l'he ~iret chemical treatment ~ith a compo~
sition according to Example 3 ~hould be oarrled out in the E~G ~tage accordi~g to ~eller~Baggiolini~
aiter the ~ir~t top dre3e~ng~ u~ing 7~12, pre~era~l~
9.0 lit./ha. o~ the compo~ition (or a corre~pond~ng amount of active ingredlent~)l The compo~ltio~ can be applied to the plan-te by ground or areal techni~l~e a~
well, u~ing 2Q0~300 and 5-90 lit~ha~ ta~k mixture, reepectively.
~ he eecond top dres~ing i~ per~ormed in the ~tage I of the wheat development acoording to Keller~
Baggiolini, be~ore the ~econd chemical treatmentO ~y -thie second top dre~ing the remaining~portion o~ the total nitrogen amount reguired i~ applied~
The ~econd chemical -treatment can be carried out directly af-ter the appeara~ce of the ~econd nodue o~ wheat, when the small, opened ear o~ corn i6 about 1.5~2.0 cm. (accordi~g to Keller~aggiolini in the J
Z0 ~tage of wheat development) 4-9, pre~erably 5-lit~/ha~
do~e~ are employed.
For varieties with a 3hort etem length onl~
the ~ir~t treatment i~ nece~ar~.
~ or varieties with a medium ~tem length, over " .
600 earJmC~ in rainy weather~ for rich ~oil with a good nitro~en eupply two chemic~L treatment~ are nece~ar~.
In ca~e of varietiee with a l~ng 3tem length t, :`- 9 ~`
the ~3econd chemical treatment ~hould be omit-ted only in extrem drou~ht. The compo~ition ~hould be applied b~ air, u~ing 50~90 lit./ha~ o~ a tank mixture b~t grou~d techniques c~n al~o be emplo~edg It i~ very ~dvantageou~ to carxy out thi~
treatment directl~ a~ter a bigger rain~all.
The third top dre~.sing i~ carried out in -the K-L tage o~ the development o~ wheat (Kellerlw Baggiolini); -taking lnto accoun-t the nitrogen supply~
dense~e~ and crop yield about 30~35 kg.~ha~ o~
nitrogen are employed, over the calculated value, i~ the nitrogen ~uppl~ o~ the eoil i3 not sati~actory for ~ome rea~on~
~h~ plant protection is carxied out accord~
ing to modern agricultural technique~, corre~ponding to -the ~it~ation and the number of weedeO I~ a hormon!-like herbicide i~ employed, the chemical weed~killing i~ per~ormed 7 days before or a~ter treatment with the compo3ition according to E~ample 3~ I~ the herbicide treatment is carried out after the treatment with the compoeition of Example 3, about 70 % o~ the usual herbicide doee ~hould be employed.`
Protection again~t pathogenes, in particular milc~ew, ~usarium and rusts shoul.d be carried out wit~
special care~ On ~ield~, wher~ wheat is cultivated in more ~ubsequent year~, a ~enomyl~containing tank mixture or any other fun~icide generally u~ed ~or ~, .~ .. ~ ,.
this purpo~e ~hould be emplo~ed~ whan the plant~ ~row thick~
The nece~arV ~ungicide and i~acticide trea-tment~ can be ¢arried out ~imultaneou~ly wl~h -the compo~ition o~ E~ample ~ It i~, howe~er9 advisable to investigate be~cre admix-ture~ ~hether the variou~
component~ are freely a~mi~ible~
~he re~ult~ are illustrated in Table 3.
Tab le 3 Increase in crop yield~ of autumn wheat Variety Txeated Co~trol area ~ha) average crop area~ha~ average yield çrop yiel~
(tones~ha) (tones~a) Szava 3+3 7.23 3~3 6.10 GK~Szeged 3~3 7~30 3~3 5.60 Example 7 The compo~ition according to ~xample 3 wa~
emplo~ed to i~crease the crop yield of autumn barley~
The barley wa~ treated in the ~tage~ F-G and J, u~ing the prescribed dose~.
The P and K fer-tilizers were applied in an amount corre~ponding to the de~ired crop yialdg as a basic ~ertilizer. On ~ield~, where the ~oil ha~ a low ~n and ~u concentration, the~e and further nece~sary microelement~ ~hould be supplemented, ~imultaneou~ly with -the basic ~ertilization~ in an amount harmonized with the de~ired crop ~ield. If the ~oil ha~ a great Zn and Cu deficiency, the demand of plants can be met in springtime, in the form of leaf-fertilization.
20-30 % of nitrogen necessary to achieve the desired crop yield is applied a]so as a basic fertiliæer. After papilionaceae this treatment can be omitted, but after maize or sunflower a nitrogen amount required to decompose the remaining organic materials, should also be added in autumn.
On impermeable or sandy soils, due to the danger of denitrification and washing off, nitrogen is preferably applied in autumn, in the form of urea (the use of nitrogen stabilizers, e.g. N-Serve,*DOW Chemical, USA is advisable).
The deeper layers of soil should preferably have a good nutrient sup-ply, which can be improved by deep fertilization. In this manner crop yields exceeding the conventional results by ]0-30 %, preferably 20-35 % can be achieved. On rich soils, using carefully selected varieties, ensuring a good yield, even crop yields exceeding the above limits can be achieved.
The re~ in-ing portion of nitrogen is applied in spring, as a top dressing.
The first top dressing should be carried out several days before the start of the spring vegetation, depending on the number of stocks which have lived through the winter, and the nitrogen supply of the soil:
- in a thin culture (3-4.5 millions of stocks/ha.) about 40-45 % of the total calculated nitrogen amount should be applied, depending on the nitrogen supply of the soil;
- at a stock number of 4.5 to 6.0 millions/ha. 35 to 40 % of the total nitrogen demand should be applied;
- over a stock number of 6.0 millions/ha. 30 to 36 % of the calculated nitrogen demand should be applied to the plants.
The first chemical treatment with a composition according to Example 3 *Trade Mark should be carried out in the E-G stage according to Keller-Baggiolini, after the first top dressing, using 8-12, preferably 8-9 lit./ha. of the composition (or a corresponding amount of active ingredients). The composition can be applied to the plants by ground technique or by air as well, using 200-300 and 50-90 lit./ha. tank mixture, respectively.
The second top dressing is performed in the I stage of barley develop-ment, according to Keller-Baggio]ini, before the second chemical treatment. By this second top dressing the r~ ~;ning portion of the total nitrogen amount re-quired is applied.
The second chemical treatment with the composition according to Example 3 is carried out directly after the appearance of the second nodus of barley, when the small, opened ear of corn is about 2.0 to ~ 7 2~5 cm ~stage J acco:rding to Keller~Bagglollni)~
4~109 pre~erablg 5~6 lit~/ha9 do~e~ are employed~
u~in~ 50 to 90 lit4~ha. o~ tank mixture when applied by air.
~en spraying the soil should be hu~id anoughO It is there~ore advantageous to carry out ~he treatment after a bigger rai~all~
~he -third top dres~ing i9 carried o~lt i~ the K L staee o~ developme~t (KellerwBa~giolini); taking into account the nitrogen supply, dense~ess and crop yield about 30-35 kgO/ha. of nitrGgen are employed, over the calculated value, i~ the nitrogen suQply of the soil is ~t satiæ~ac-tory for some rea~on~
Plant protection is carried out according to modern agricultural methods, corre~ponding to the situation a~d the number o~ weeds.
If a herbicide is employed, the chemicai ~eea-kllling is per~ormed 7 days be~ore or a~ter the treatment with a compo~itlon accoxdîn~ to 20 Example 3D, I~ the herbicide treatment is carried out af-ter the tre~tment with the compoYition o~ Example 3, abbut 70 ~ of the usual herbicide dose should be employed from a hormone-like herbicide.
Protection a~ainst patho~enes, in particular mildeYl ~hould be carried out with ~pecial care.
The necessar~ ~un~icide and insecticide trea-tment~ can be carried o~t simultaneously with the chemical trcatmen-ts~ It is, however, advi~able 2 ~
-to e3tal~ 3h 'oefore adMi~tllre 7 th~t the variou~3 componen-t~3 are ~reely admiscibleO
The result~ are ~hown in Table 4 Table ~
Increa~e in crop yield~ o~ autumn barley Variety ~reated Control area (ha) average crop area (ha) average crop yie~d ~ield (tone~/ha) (tone~ha) early "Kompolti" 3+3 8050 50 602 x ~ barle~ has ~hown a ~trong lodging Example 8 ~ composition according to EXample 3 was employed to increa~e the crop ~iel~ o~ maize. Maize wa~
treated with a 9 lit./ha~ do~e o~ the compo~i.tion in a 10-leaf ~tage~ The number of ~tock~ wa~ adjus-ted to 65000 120000/ha~
~he crop yield can be adjus-ted to 7-17 tone~g depending on the 3tock number, variety or h~brid, ~ertility o~ the ~oil and the emploged cultivation technologyO
A8 a basic fertillzer P and K fertilizers are u~ed in an amount, corre~ponding to the de~ired crop yieldO They are applied in autumnO On ~ields with a medîum Zn and Cu supply or a low Zn and Cu concentration due -to the N~Cu and P Zn ion antagoni~m, Zn and ~u i~ supplemented parallel with the ba~ic fertilization.
0-40 % of the total N-demand should be applied as a basic fertilizer, either in the form of area or as ammonium nitrate. (On the basis of soil investigations also other nitrogen fertilizers can be employed.) After maize or sunflower it is advisable to carry out a basic fertilization with nitrogen in autumn. Deep fertilization has an important role, too.
The remaining portion (100-60 %) of the nitrogen fertilizer can be applied in one portion, in spring. To ensure a continuous nitrogen supply nitrogen stabilizators (e.g. N-serve) are preferably employed.
It is advisable to apply the spring nitrogen in two portions, a largerer portion before sowing and the remaining portion when the maize plants are 50-70 cm. high.
Maize is treated with the composition according to Example 3, taking into account the type of the soil, the nutrient supply of soil, plant variety or hybrid, stock number and the desired crop yield, in a dose or 5-12 lit./ha.;
preferably 6-8 lit./ha., in a 5-10-leaf stage.
The treatment was combined with the use of a 46 % urea, in an amount of 5 kg./ha.
Treatment can be performed by air or by ground techniques. The uni-form distribution is an important requirement~
The xe~lt~ ob-tained ~re illu~trated b~
Table 50 TabLe 5 I~crea~e in the ¢rop ~ieJ.d of maiZG
Variet~ Treated Co~trol area (ha~ average yi~ld area (ha3 a~erage (~o~ h~ ld (tone~jha~
M~5~0 0~5 8~20 1~ 6040X
U~53V 0~5 ~.20 1~0 ~0 x = ~erlou~ly in~ected wi-th ~u~arium Example 9 The composition accordi.ng to E~ample 3 wa~
u~ed to increa~e the crop yield o~ ~unflowerO 50~60~cm~
~u~lower plants wexe spra~ed with a do~e o~ 11 li-t~/ha~
Stock numbex i~ adju3ted to 5000C~800Q0/ha.
~he desired crop yield can be between 205 a~d 4,5 tone~, dependi.ng on the stoc~ numbsr9 varie~ or h~brid, fertility o~ the ~oil and the cultivation technology employedO
Basic ~ertiliæation ~P and K~ i~ applied in autumn, in an amount corresponding to the desired crop yield.
A~ a ~pring basic ~ertilizer nitrogen i~
applied in a do~e of 80-150 kg./~a. o~ active in~
gredient, depending o~ the ni-troge~ ~uppl~ o~ the ~oil r~/
and t he de~:lr0d crop yis ld O II ~it ro~all ~upp ly 1 poor or the de~irad crop ~ield i~ hi~" 150 kg./ha~
amollnt ~ are u~ed.
On imparmeable ~oil~ nitroge~ i ~ preier~bl~
employed in the :eorm of urea or a~ ~nmo~lum nitrataO
C~emical treatmant vilith the co~poaltl~n accoxding to E~ample 3 i8 per:~ormed on 50-60 cmO high au~lo~er plants (4-9 palr~ OI developed l~ave~
a d~e o:~ 5-11 lit ~/ha. by air o:r by grou~d technique~
It i3 importa~t to en~ljare a uni~orm dl~trlbutio~ oi tha t a~k mi~t ure o ~reatment i~ carried ollt by appl~ing nitroge~
i~ an amount o~ 5 kg.:Jha~ 9 preferabl~ in the form o~
urea and 1-2 lit~ of a ~ul~ur compo~ition in the ~orm 0~ eul.~ate ~eOg~ ~itohorm 325) or 2 ~. or lit. Gr a compo~ition containing elementary ~ul~ur, ~imultanaous~
ly in the form o~ a tank mi~ture.
The reoults are set ~orth in Table 60 Table 6 Increa~e in the crop ~ield o~ sun~lower Variety . Treated Control area (ha) average yi~ld area (ha~ average ~l~ld (tone~Jha.J (tone~/ha.) Sorem 80 3 2040 60 ~070 2 ~ 2 2060 6 1080 Example 10 The compo~ition according to E~ample 5 wa~
ueèd to increa~e the crvp gield o~ autumn barley~
~ ~5 ~
;, Plan-ts were -treated in the stage~ F~G and J, wlth a do~e o~ 10 litg~haO twise 7 Other~i~e the procedure described in Ex~mple 7 wa~ ~o-llowed~ ~he re~ult~
obtained are summarlæed ~n ~abl.e 7 Table 7 Increase 5f crop yield o~ aut~mn barleg Variet~ reated Control are~ ~verage yi~ld are~ average ~ie~d (ha~ (tone~/haOJ (ha) ~tcnes/ha~
"Eompolti"
early 100 6060g 6 5 o2~
x = the cont~ol plant~ lodged in the m~ddle of May, the treated ones a-t the beginning oX June Example 11 The composition according to F~ample 5 ~a~
emplo~ed to increase the crop yield of autum~ whea-t~
Szava and GI~-Szeged varieties were treated in a do~e of 2 ~ 8 litO/ha.~ Partixanka in a do~e o~ 2 ~ 9 lit-~ha~, ~rv~8 ~ir~t with a dose o~ 9 lit O/ha- and then 8 lit./ha~ in ~tage~ ~G and JO Otherwi~ the procedure described in E~ample 6 wa~ ~ollowed~ The results are shown in ~able 8.
8~
~'ab le 8 I~crea~e 1~ crop yield of alltu~n ~heat Variet~ ~reated Control ~re~ ~verage g,7i~1d ~re~ a~erage ~le~d ~ ha) ~ t one ~ha " ) ( ha~ ( t One8/ha o Szava 43 8~12U 104 6~80 8~ 1 6.9 16 ~3 ~50 2 5 ~
~ Szeged 8 .8,30 40 7010 P~rtizanka 11 7 ,,30 ~ 5 ~40 32 7 . 25 17 5 ~. 2 3 ~ 3 , 9.50 6 6~
.
- the plants lodgsd in e~rl~ D~a;?
E~amp le 12 ~he compo~ition according to E~ample 3 wa~
employed to increa~e the crop yield OI mai~e. ~aize plant~ were treated in a 10-leaf ~tage, u~i~g a 12 lit~/ha. doseO Otherwi~e the procedure de~crlbed in Example 8 wa~ ~ollowed. ~he re.~ult~ ob-tain~d are ~0 ~ho~n in Table 9.
~lab le 3 Increaee in crop yield o~ maize Variety l'reated Control area (haO) verage ~i)eld area ~haO ) av~ra~e ~ one~/ha. ~eld (tone~/~a~ 3 Pionir 3709X 3+3~3 31 3-~3-~3 g.70 111 8~90 3+3+3 71 -- 3~ 9~
Table 9 (continuecl) Variety Treated Control area average yield area average yield (ha.) (tones/ha.) (ha.) (tones/ha.) Pionir 3 8.80 6 8.20 U_530X 1+1 9.60 42 9.10 J~-92 1+1 10.30 9.60 Pionir 3732 3+3 13.40 57 10.40 x = harvesting with combine Example 13 By the composition according to Example 3 50-60-cm. sunflower plants were treated in a dose of 11 lit./ha. Otherwise the procedure described in Example 9 was followed. The results obtained are shown in Table 10.
Table 10 Increase in crop yield of sunflower Variety Treated Control area average yieldarea average yield (ha.) (tones/ha.) (ha.) (tones/ha.) NSH-27 2+2 2.70 20 1.80 2+2 2.40 28 1.70 Iregi striped 1-~1 2.60 40 1.90 Example 14 Autumn wheat was treated with the composition according to Example 5 in a stage defined in the previous examples. For comparison in a test only ;;~ $
7 ~ n~
~ 3~ ~
2~chloroethane~pho~phonic ac1d wa~ emplo~ed~ a do~e corre~pot~ding to the c,ompo~:itio~ accordi~g E~ampl~ 5O The re~ult~ obtained ar~ ~how~ ln l!able 11 T~ble 11
u~in~ 50 to 90 lit4~ha. o~ tank mixture when applied by air.
~en spraying the soil should be hu~id anoughO It is there~ore advantageous to carry out ~he treatment after a bigger rai~all~
~he -third top dres~ing i9 carried o~lt i~ the K L staee o~ developme~t (KellerwBa~giolini); taking into account the nitrogen supply, dense~ess and crop yield about 30-35 kgO/ha. of nitrGgen are employed, over the calculated value, i~ the nitrogen suQply of the soil is ~t satiæ~ac-tory for some rea~on~
Plant protection is carried out according to modern agricultural methods, corre~ponding to the situation a~d the number o~ weeds.
If a herbicide is employed, the chemicai ~eea-kllling is per~ormed 7 days be~ore or a~ter the treatment with a compo~itlon accoxdîn~ to 20 Example 3D, I~ the herbicide treatment is carried out af-ter the tre~tment with the compoYition o~ Example 3, abbut 70 ~ of the usual herbicide dose should be employed from a hormone-like herbicide.
Protection a~ainst patho~enes, in particular mildeYl ~hould be carried out with ~pecial care.
The necessar~ ~un~icide and insecticide trea-tment~ can be carried o~t simultaneously with the chemical trcatmen-ts~ It is, however, advi~able 2 ~
-to e3tal~ 3h 'oefore adMi~tllre 7 th~t the variou~3 componen-t~3 are ~reely admiscibleO
The result~ are ~hown in Table 4 Table ~
Increa~e in crop yield~ o~ autumn barley Variety ~reated Control area (ha) average crop area (ha) average crop yie~d ~ield (tone~/ha) (tone~ha) early "Kompolti" 3+3 8050 50 602 x ~ barle~ has ~hown a ~trong lodging Example 8 ~ composition according to EXample 3 was employed to increa~e the crop ~iel~ o~ maize. Maize wa~
treated with a 9 lit./ha~ do~e o~ the compo~i.tion in a 10-leaf ~tage~ The number of ~tock~ wa~ adjus-ted to 65000 120000/ha~
~he crop yield can be adjus-ted to 7-17 tone~g depending on the 3tock number, variety or h~brid, ~ertility o~ the ~oil and the emploged cultivation technologyO
A8 a basic fertillzer P and K fertilizers are u~ed in an amount, corre~ponding to the de~ired crop yieldO They are applied in autumnO On ~ields with a medîum Zn and Cu supply or a low Zn and Cu concentration due -to the N~Cu and P Zn ion antagoni~m, Zn and ~u i~ supplemented parallel with the ba~ic fertilization.
0-40 % of the total N-demand should be applied as a basic fertilizer, either in the form of area or as ammonium nitrate. (On the basis of soil investigations also other nitrogen fertilizers can be employed.) After maize or sunflower it is advisable to carry out a basic fertilization with nitrogen in autumn. Deep fertilization has an important role, too.
The remaining portion (100-60 %) of the nitrogen fertilizer can be applied in one portion, in spring. To ensure a continuous nitrogen supply nitrogen stabilizators (e.g. N-serve) are preferably employed.
It is advisable to apply the spring nitrogen in two portions, a largerer portion before sowing and the remaining portion when the maize plants are 50-70 cm. high.
Maize is treated with the composition according to Example 3, taking into account the type of the soil, the nutrient supply of soil, plant variety or hybrid, stock number and the desired crop yield, in a dose or 5-12 lit./ha.;
preferably 6-8 lit./ha., in a 5-10-leaf stage.
The treatment was combined with the use of a 46 % urea, in an amount of 5 kg./ha.
Treatment can be performed by air or by ground techniques. The uni-form distribution is an important requirement~
The xe~lt~ ob-tained ~re illu~trated b~
Table 50 TabLe 5 I~crea~e in the ¢rop ~ieJ.d of maiZG
Variet~ Treated Co~trol area (ha~ average yi~ld area (ha3 a~erage (~o~ h~ ld (tone~jha~
M~5~0 0~5 8~20 1~ 6040X
U~53V 0~5 ~.20 1~0 ~0 x = ~erlou~ly in~ected wi-th ~u~arium Example 9 The composition accordi.ng to E~ample 3 wa~
u~ed to increa~e the crop yield o~ ~unflowerO 50~60~cm~
~u~lower plants wexe spra~ed with a do~e o~ 11 li-t~/ha~
Stock numbex i~ adju3ted to 5000C~800Q0/ha.
~he desired crop yield can be between 205 a~d 4,5 tone~, dependi.ng on the stoc~ numbsr9 varie~ or h~brid, fertility o~ the ~oil and the cultivation technology employedO
Basic ~ertiliæation ~P and K~ i~ applied in autumn, in an amount corresponding to the desired crop yield.
A~ a ~pring basic ~ertilizer nitrogen i~
applied in a do~e of 80-150 kg./~a. o~ active in~
gredient, depending o~ the ni-troge~ ~uppl~ o~ the ~oil r~/
and t he de~:lr0d crop yis ld O II ~it ro~all ~upp ly 1 poor or the de~irad crop ~ield i~ hi~" 150 kg./ha~
amollnt ~ are u~ed.
On imparmeable ~oil~ nitroge~ i ~ preier~bl~
employed in the :eorm of urea or a~ ~nmo~lum nitrataO
C~emical treatmant vilith the co~poaltl~n accoxding to E~ample 3 i8 per:~ormed on 50-60 cmO high au~lo~er plants (4-9 palr~ OI developed l~ave~
a d~e o:~ 5-11 lit ~/ha. by air o:r by grou~d technique~
It i3 importa~t to en~ljare a uni~orm dl~trlbutio~ oi tha t a~k mi~t ure o ~reatment i~ carried ollt by appl~ing nitroge~
i~ an amount o~ 5 kg.:Jha~ 9 preferabl~ in the form o~
urea and 1-2 lit~ of a ~ul~ur compo~ition in the ~orm 0~ eul.~ate ~eOg~ ~itohorm 325) or 2 ~. or lit. Gr a compo~ition containing elementary ~ul~ur, ~imultanaous~
ly in the form o~ a tank mi~ture.
The reoults are set ~orth in Table 60 Table 6 Increa~e in the crop ~ield o~ sun~lower Variety . Treated Control area (ha) average yi~ld area (ha~ average ~l~ld (tone~Jha.J (tone~/ha.) Sorem 80 3 2040 60 ~070 2 ~ 2 2060 6 1080 Example 10 The compo~ition according to E~ample 5 wa~
ueèd to increa~e the crvp gield o~ autumn barley~
~ ~5 ~
;, Plan-ts were -treated in the stage~ F~G and J, wlth a do~e o~ 10 litg~haO twise 7 Other~i~e the procedure described in Ex~mple 7 wa~ ~o-llowed~ ~he re~ult~
obtained are summarlæed ~n ~abl.e 7 Table 7 Increase 5f crop yield o~ aut~mn barleg Variet~ reated Control are~ ~verage yi~ld are~ average ~ie~d (ha~ (tone~/haOJ (ha) ~tcnes/ha~
"Eompolti"
early 100 6060g 6 5 o2~
x = the cont~ol plant~ lodged in the m~ddle of May, the treated ones a-t the beginning oX June Example 11 The composition according to F~ample 5 ~a~
emplo~ed to increase the crop yield of autum~ whea-t~
Szava and GI~-Szeged varieties were treated in a do~e of 2 ~ 8 litO/ha.~ Partixanka in a do~e o~ 2 ~ 9 lit-~ha~, ~rv~8 ~ir~t with a dose o~ 9 lit O/ha- and then 8 lit./ha~ in ~tage~ ~G and JO Otherwi~ the procedure described in E~ample 6 wa~ ~ollowed~ The results are shown in ~able 8.
8~
~'ab le 8 I~crea~e 1~ crop yield of alltu~n ~heat Variet~ ~reated Control ~re~ ~verage g,7i~1d ~re~ a~erage ~le~d ~ ha) ~ t one ~ha " ) ( ha~ ( t One8/ha o Szava 43 8~12U 104 6~80 8~ 1 6.9 16 ~3 ~50 2 5 ~
~ Szeged 8 .8,30 40 7010 P~rtizanka 11 7 ,,30 ~ 5 ~40 32 7 . 25 17 5 ~. 2 3 ~ 3 , 9.50 6 6~
.
- the plants lodgsd in e~rl~ D~a;?
E~amp le 12 ~he compo~ition according to E~ample 3 wa~
employed to increa~e the crop yield OI mai~e. ~aize plant~ were treated in a 10-leaf ~tage, u~i~g a 12 lit~/ha. doseO Otherwi~e the procedure de~crlbed in Example 8 wa~ ~ollowed. ~he re.~ult~ ob-tain~d are ~0 ~ho~n in Table 9.
~lab le 3 Increaee in crop yield o~ maize Variety l'reated Control area (haO) verage ~i)eld area ~haO ) av~ra~e ~ one~/ha. ~eld (tone~/~a~ 3 Pionir 3709X 3+3~3 31 3-~3-~3 g.70 111 8~90 3+3+3 71 -- 3~ 9~
Table 9 (continuecl) Variety Treated Control area average yield area average yield (ha.) (tones/ha.) (ha.) (tones/ha.) Pionir 3 8.80 6 8.20 U_530X 1+1 9.60 42 9.10 J~-92 1+1 10.30 9.60 Pionir 3732 3+3 13.40 57 10.40 x = harvesting with combine Example 13 By the composition according to Example 3 50-60-cm. sunflower plants were treated in a dose of 11 lit./ha. Otherwise the procedure described in Example 9 was followed. The results obtained are shown in Table 10.
Table 10 Increase in crop yield of sunflower Variety Treated Control area average yieldarea average yield (ha.) (tones/ha.) (ha.) (tones/ha.) NSH-27 2+2 2.70 20 1.80 2+2 2.40 28 1.70 Iregi striped 1-~1 2.60 40 1.90 Example 14 Autumn wheat was treated with the composition according to Example 5 in a stage defined in the previous examples. For comparison in a test only ;;~ $
7 ~ n~
~ 3~ ~
2~chloroethane~pho~phonic ac1d wa~ emplo~ed~ a do~e corre~pot~ding to the c,ompo~:itio~ accordi~g E~ampl~ 5O The re~ult~ obtained ar~ ~how~ ln l!able 11 T~ble 11
5 E~ ect o:~ a compo~ition according to the i~vention th0 i~crea~e in crop a~ield O:e autumn whe~
Treatme~t~ Do~e Time o~ ~pra9in~ ~eragc crop ~lit"~ha4~ 1~ 2. yield ~ on~ a~ ) Control ,- ~O7 2-chloroetha~e~ 3~0 Aprll 3 ~q~ 6 6,.6 pho~phoniG acid compo~it ion accordin~ to 9.O April 3 Ma~ 6 706 Examp le 5 Example 15 ~he growt~ o~ maize waa e~amlned under tha e~ect o~ 2-chl~roethane~phusphonic acid alone or in a compo~ition according to Examp7e 5~ The re~ult~
obtained are ~hown in Table 12.
Table 12 Effect of a composition according to the invention on the growth of maiæe Treatments Dose Tim~ of Average Remark (lit./ha.) spraying crop yield (tones/
ha.) Control - - 9.6 2-chloroethane-phosphonic acid 3.0 June 18 9.8 the stock number was 105 thousands when using the com-position of Example 5 and 85 thousands for the control Composition of Example 5 11.5 Jlme 18 11.9 The trial was performed on plots of 3 hectares, in one repetition.
Example 16 The effect of the composition according to Example 4 on the crop yield of sunflower was compared to the effect of an equivalent dose of 2-chloroethane-phosphonic acid. Sunflowers were sprayed with the corresponding compositions in a stage described in the previous example. The results ob-tained are shown in Table 13.
9~(~9 Table 13 ~rhe efIect OI a compo~:it:ion acco~dir~g to the invent~on on th0 crop ~ield o:f ~unIlowe~
Treatment~ Do~e ! ~:ime o~ ~pra~ring hvera~e (lit z/ha~ ) crop yiel~
( ~ on~ 9 3 Control a~ ~ 18,.5 2--chloroethane~
phoephonic ~cid 3 . 0 June 14 20 composit ion of Exan~ple 4 8~0 June 14 24~6 The trial1 were per~ormed on p lot ~ o~ 3 hectare~, in two :repetitio~sO
Treatme~t~ Do~e Time o~ ~pra9in~ ~eragc crop ~lit"~ha4~ 1~ 2. yield ~ on~ a~ ) Control ,- ~O7 2-chloroetha~e~ 3~0 Aprll 3 ~q~ 6 6,.6 pho~phoniG acid compo~it ion accordin~ to 9.O April 3 Ma~ 6 706 Examp le 5 Example 15 ~he growt~ o~ maize waa e~amlned under tha e~ect o~ 2-chl~roethane~phusphonic acid alone or in a compo~ition according to Examp7e 5~ The re~ult~
obtained are ~hown in Table 12.
Table 12 Effect of a composition according to the invention on the growth of maiæe Treatments Dose Tim~ of Average Remark (lit./ha.) spraying crop yield (tones/
ha.) Control - - 9.6 2-chloroethane-phosphonic acid 3.0 June 18 9.8 the stock number was 105 thousands when using the com-position of Example 5 and 85 thousands for the control Composition of Example 5 11.5 Jlme 18 11.9 The trial was performed on plots of 3 hectares, in one repetition.
Example 16 The effect of the composition according to Example 4 on the crop yield of sunflower was compared to the effect of an equivalent dose of 2-chloroethane-phosphonic acid. Sunflowers were sprayed with the corresponding compositions in a stage described in the previous example. The results ob-tained are shown in Table 13.
9~(~9 Table 13 ~rhe efIect OI a compo~:it:ion acco~dir~g to the invent~on on th0 crop ~ield o:f ~unIlowe~
Treatment~ Do~e ! ~:ime o~ ~pra~ring hvera~e (lit z/ha~ ) crop yiel~
( ~ on~ 9 3 Control a~ ~ 18,.5 2--chloroethane~
phoephonic ~cid 3 . 0 June 14 20 composit ion of Exan~ple 4 8~0 June 14 24~6 The trial1 were per~ormed on p lot ~ o~ 3 hectare~, in two :repetitio~sO
Claims (23)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. Composition for controlled nourishing of agricultural plants, and for the intensification of their cultivation, which comprises in an aqueous solution or suspension a combination of a) 0.1 to 80 % by mass of a mixture of meso- and microelements in the form of the complexes of their salts, expressed in elements, which contains at least 5.10 3 % by mass of zinc, 5.10 % by mass of boron, 1.10 % by mass of copper, 1.10 % by mass of magnesium, 1.10 % by mass of iron, 1.10 % by mass of finely divided sulfur;
b) 0.01 to 25 % by mass of 2-chloroethane-phosphonic acid or an ester or salt thereof; and c) 1.0 -to 20.0 % by mass of urea, in a total amount of 1.0 to 95.0 % by mass, in admixture with additives suitable for the flotation and/or dispersion of the solid phase and wetting agents.
b) 0.01 to 25 % by mass of 2-chloroethane-phosphonic acid or an ester or salt thereof; and c) 1.0 -to 20.0 % by mass of urea, in a total amount of 1.0 to 95.0 % by mass, in admixture with additives suitable for the flotation and/or dispersion of the solid phase and wetting agents.
2. A composition according to claim 1, which comprises as complexes of the salts of microelements metal chelates.
3. A composition as claimed in claim 2, which comprises chelates prepared from microelement salts with citric acid, acetic acid, glycine, ethylenediamine-tetraacetic acid or a salt thereof, nitrilotriacetic acid and/or a mixture there-
4. A composition according to claim 1, which comprises as complexes of the salts of microelements metal monochelates.
5. A composition as claimed in claim 1, in which the pH of the aqueous composition is below 4Ø
6. A composition as claimed in claim 1, in which the grain size of the finely divided sulfur is below 5 microns.
7. A composition as claimed in claim 1, in which the additive suitable for dispersing is acidic.
8. A composition as claimed in claim 1, in which the additive suitable for dispersing is an alkylbenzenesulfonic acid salt, alkylphenol-polyglycol ether or ethyleneoxide-propyleneoxide condensate.
9. Process for the controlled nourishment of agricultural plants, and for the intensification of their cultivation, which comprises treating the agricultu-ral plants with a composition according to claim 1, wherein the composition is applied in an amount of 50 to 80 lit./hectare when applied by air and 200 to 400 lit./hectare when applied to the ground, in the vegetative phase, in a selected stage of development.
10. A process for the controlled nourishment of agricultural plants, and for the intensification of their cultivation, which comprises treating the agri-cultural plants with a composition according to claim 2, wherein the composition is applied in an amount of 50 to 80 lit./hectare when applied by air and 200 to 400 lit./hectare when applied to the ground, in the vegetative phase, in a selec-ted stage of development.
11. A process for the controlled nourishment of agricultural plants, and for the intensification of their cultivation, which comprises treating the agri-cultural plants with a composition according to claim 3, wherein the composition is applied in an amount of 50 to 80 lit./hectare when applied by air and 200 to 400 lit./hectare when applied to the ground, in the vegetative phase, in a selec-ted stage of development
12. A process for the controlled nourishment of agricultural plants, and for the intensification of their cultivation, which comprises treating the agri-cultural plants with a composition according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the compo-sition is applied in an amount of 50 to 80 lit./hectare when applied by air and 200 to 400 lit./hectare when applied to the ground, in the vegetative phase, in a selected stage of development.
13. A process for the controlled nourishment of agricultural plants, and for the intensification of their cultivation, which comprises treating the agri-cultural plants with a composition according to claim 6 or 7, wherein the composi-tion is applied in an amount of 50 to 80 lit./hectare when applied by air and 200 to 400 lit./hectare when applied to the ground, in the vegetative phase, in a selected stage of development.
14. A process according to claim 9 further comprising adding a nitrogen fertilizer and carrying out a fungicidal treatment simultaneously with or prior to the chemical treatment.
15. A process according to claim 10 further comprising adding a nitrogen fertilizer and carrying out a fungicidal treatment simultaneously with or prior to the chemical treatment.
16. A process according to claim 11 further comprising adding a nitrogen fertilizer and carrying out a fungicidal treatment simultaneously with or prior to the chemical treatment.
17. A process according to claim 14, 15 or 16 further comprising increasing the stock number of the plants to be cultivated and applying the total quantity of the nitrogen fertilizer in two or more portions.
18. A process according to claim 14, 15 or 16 further comprising increasing the stock number of the plants to be cultivated and applying the total quantity of the nitrogen fertilizer in two or more portions and carrying out a deep ferti-lization.
19. A process according to claim 9, 10 or 11, wherein the plants are cer-eal, maize or sunflower plants.
20. A process as claimed in claim 9, 10 or 11 for the cultivation of wheat or autumn barley, in which 20-30 mass parts of the nitrogen fertilizer to be emp-loyed are added in autumn, while the remaining portion is applied in spring, top dressing is repeated two or three times, the plants are chemically treated in a stage E-G and J (according to Keller-Baggiolini) once or twice.
21. A process as claimed in claim 9, 10 or 11 for the cultivation of wheat or autumn barley, in which 20-30 mass parts of the nitrogen fertilizer to be emp-loyed are added in autumn, while the remaining portion is applied in spring, top dressing is repeated two or three times, the plants are chemically treated in a stage E-G and J (according to Keller-Baggiolini) once or twice and the plants are chemically treated in combination with a fungicidal and insecticidal treatment.
22. A process as claimed in claim 9, 10 or 11 for the cultivation of maize, in which 0-40 mass parts of the nitrogen fertilizer are applied in autumn and the remaining portion in spring, the stock number of the plants is adjusted to 65-120 thousand/ha., top dressing is carried out and the maize is chemically treated in a 5-10-leaf stage.
23. A process as claimed in claim 9, 10 or 11 for the cultivation of sun-flower, in which the total amount of the nitrogen fertilizer is applied to the soil in spring, the stock number is adjusted by an increase of 10-25 % and the plants are chemically treated in a stage when they have 4 to 9 pairs of leaves.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| HU82517A HU184506B (en) | 1982-02-19 | 1982-02-19 | Method for intensifying the growing of plough-land plants |
| HU2415/82 | 1982-02-19 | ||
| HU517/82 | 1982-02-19 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1199809A true CA1199809A (en) | 1986-01-28 |
Family
ID=10949949
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000421963A Expired CA1199809A (en) | 1982-02-19 | 1983-02-18 | Process and composition for controlled nourishing of agricultural plants |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0101467A4 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPS59500214A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1199809A (en) |
| HU (1) | HU184506B (en) |
| IN (1) | IN160363B (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1983002877A1 (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA83918B (en) |
Families Citing this family (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0673198B1 (en) * | 1992-12-10 | 1999-09-01 | Entek Corporation | Plant growth regulators |
| EP2629606B1 (en) | 2010-10-18 | 2017-06-28 | Ceradis B.V. | Novel biosulfur formulations |
| CN103130558A (en) * | 2011-11-25 | 2013-06-05 | 施可丰化工股份有限公司 | Fertilizer special for cold region saline-alkali soil sunflower |
| CN102885082B (en) * | 2012-11-05 | 2014-08-06 | 四川省农业科学院生物技术核技术研究所 | Synergistic water-soluble gibberellins powder |
| RU2555007C2 (en) * | 2013-09-02 | 2015-07-10 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение "Сибирский научно-исследовательский институт земледелия и химизации сельского хозяйства" (ФГБНУ "СибНИИЗиХ") | Method of use of organo-mineral fertiliser for foliar treatment of crops |
| WO2016097378A1 (en) * | 2014-12-19 | 2016-06-23 | Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. | Process for preparing a sulphur-containing soil improver |
| CN105746028A (en) * | 2016-01-22 | 2016-07-13 | 杭州富阳飞博科技有限公司 | Straw decomposing field-returning method capable of effectively reducing environmental pollution |
| WO2019215631A1 (en) * | 2018-05-10 | 2019-11-14 | Sawant Arun | Novel crop nutrition and fortification composition |
| CN115104395A (en) * | 2021-12-17 | 2022-09-27 | 云虹农业发展(文山)有限公司 | Method for improving continuous cropping soil of panax notoginseng |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DD122462A1 (en) * | 1975-07-09 | 1976-10-12 | ||
| CA1082941A (en) * | 1975-09-08 | 1980-08-05 | Han S. Ku | Increasing chloroethylphosphonic acid-induced ethylene response in plants |
-
1982
- 1982-02-19 HU HU82517A patent/HU184506B/en unknown
-
1983
- 1983-02-10 ZA ZA83918A patent/ZA83918B/en unknown
- 1983-02-10 IN IN156/CAL/83A patent/IN160363B/en unknown
- 1983-02-17 JP JP58500701A patent/JPS59500214A/en active Pending
- 1983-02-17 EP EP19830900651 patent/EP0101467A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1983-02-17 WO PCT/HU1983/000008 patent/WO1983002877A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1983-02-18 CA CA000421963A patent/CA1199809A/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO1983002877A1 (en) | 1983-09-01 |
| EP0101467A4 (en) | 1986-01-07 |
| JPS59500214A (en) | 1984-02-16 |
| HU184506B (en) | 1984-09-28 |
| IN160363B (en) | 1987-07-11 |
| ZA83918B (en) | 1983-11-30 |
| EP0101467A1 (en) | 1984-02-29 |
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