JPH08301679A - Fertilizer composition and its application - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: To obtain a fertilizer composition capable of facilitating the stable coexistence of its ingredients, enabling the uptake of the sufficient amount of N and Ca to plants, and not killing plants in the case of spraying it as a foliar spraying preparation by containing a specific urea-calcium chloride salt as an active ingredient. CONSTITUTION: This fertilizer composition contains a stabilized urea-calcium chloride salt obtained by a reaction at 50-100 deg.C as an active ingredient. The salt is formed by blending urea and calcium chloride in water at 50-100 deg.C, or adding calcium chloride to an aqueous urea solution heated at 50-100 deg.C. It is preferably to blend urea with calcium chloride in an approximate molar ratio of (1-1/4):1, and further preferable to blend urea of about 1/2 which is a theoretical amount or 5% excess.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a fertilizer composition and a method for applying the same.

[0002]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION It has been well known that urea can be used as a fertilizer.
It is also widely known that urea is decomposed into ammonia in soil, which is further converted into a nitrate body and absorbed by the plant body to be a nutrient useful for plant growth. However, at this time, since ammonia generated in the middle has volatility,
It has been proposed to use various additives in order to prevent the volatilization and efficiently obtain ammonia nitrogen. US Pat. No. 4,559,076 discloses a method of adding a salt of a water-soluble alkali metal or a water-soluble alkaline earth metal as an additive to an ammoniacal fertilizer to prevent volatilization.

On the other hand, it is well known that when the urea fertilizer is sprayed on the leaves, ammonia produced by decomposition of urea on the leaves adversely affects the plants and causes them to die. In order to solve such problems, WO90 / 1
In 1262, a foliar spray fertilizer containing stabilized urea as a main component is proposed. Urea and 2 in the publication
It has been proposed to use a liquid fertilizer containing a salt composed of a monovalent cation and a monovalent anion (for example, calcium chloride) as a foliar spray.

Although the fertilizer composition according to the above-mentioned prior art has an effect of contributing to the improvement of the fertilizer effect and the reduction of the adverse effect on the plants at the time of foliar application, the effect is not yet sufficient. US Patent No. 4559076 and WO90 /
Japanese Patent No. 11262 describes that urea and a salt composed of a divalent cation and a monovalent anion are mixed with stirring in water, and although it is expected that both salts are formed in the liquid, The conventional manufacturing method has poor stability such as precipitation during storage.
Further, according to the description of the publication, when the fertilizer is applied as a foliar spray, the effects of plant death are mitigated, but the nitrogen and calcium uptake into the plant is significantly different from the urea-only fertilizer as a control. It does not necessarily mean that it contributes to healthy growth and harvest of high quality crops.

[0005]

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION The object of the present invention is to allow both components of urea and calcium chloride to coexist in a stable manner, and to have sufficient nitrogen and calcium uptake into plants, and to further provide a foliar spray agent. It is to provide a fertilizer composition containing a urea-calcium chloride salt which does not kill plants when sprayed as.

[0006]

The present invention has a temperature range of 50 ° C to 100 ° C.
The fertilizer composition is characterized in that it contains, as an active ingredient, a stabilized urea-calcium chloride salt obtained by reacting at a temperature of ° C. The present invention also relates to the fertilizer composition produced by mixing urea and calcium chloride salt in water at a temperature of 50 ° C to 100 ° C. The present invention also relates to the fertilizer composition produced by adding calcium chloride to an aqueous urea solution heated to 50 ° C to 100 ° C. The present invention also relates to a method for growing a high-quality crop, which comprises applying the fertilizer composition obtained by the above method to the leaf surface of a plant and applying the fertilizer composition. Further, the present invention relates to a method for producing a healthy seedling, which comprises applying the fertilizer composition obtained by the above-mentioned method to a cultivation bed during seeding to seedling stage in the cultivation of seedlings. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a high-quality field characterized in that the fertilizer composition according to claims 1 to 3 is applied to a part or all of the natural grass portion in a field having at least a part of the natural grass portion.

The present inventors have improved the compounding method of urea and calcium chloride so that both components can coexist in a stable manner and nitrogen and calcium uptake into plants is sufficient. As a result of continuing earnest research, it was found that the urea-calcium chloride salt fertilizer composition produced by a specific production method has an extremely excellent effect, and the present invention was completed. Furthermore, the present inventor has conducted extensive research to find an excellent method for applying the obtained fertilizer composition to plants and completed the method. In the present invention, other alkaline earth metal chlorides such as magnesium chloride may be used instead of part of calcium chloride. In the production method of the present invention, a method of mixing urea and calcium chloride in water at a temperature of 50 ° C to 100 ° C can be adopted. Furthermore, in the present invention, a method of adding calcium chloride and / or calcium chloride aqueous solution to the urea aqueous solution, a method of adding urea and / or urea aqueous solution to the calcium chloride and / or calcium chloride aqueous solution, and the like can be adopted, but the reaction temperature described below is used. It is preferable to add a calcium chloride aqueous solution to the urea aqueous solution because it can be easily secured.

Regardless of which method is used, the temperature of the mixed aqueous solution is preferably in the range of 50 ° C to 100 ° C.
If it is produced at a temperature of less than 50 ° C, the desired fertilizer composition cannot be obtained and the biological effect and stability are poor, which is not preferable. On the other hand, it is possible to produce at a temperature of more than 100 ° C, but water vaporization is not possible. This is not preferable because it causes problems such as concentration change and excessive energy consumption.

The mixing molar ratio of urea and calcium chloride is preferably about 1 to 1/4 of calcium chloride with respect to 1 of urea, more preferably about 1/2 which is the theoretical amount or 5 of urea. It is preferable to make the amount excessive in about%. With such a formulation, stability and absorbability into plants are improved. The mixing time is about 5 minutes to 24 hours, and usually about 1 to 2 hours is sufficient. The composition obtained as described above did not deposit a precipitate even after being stored for a long period of time, and it was recognized that the composition was significantly improved by comparing the biological effect with the composition produced by the conventional technique.

In applying the fertilizer composition of the present invention to plants, foliar application, application to soil, depending on the intended plant,
Any method such as addition to the liquid by solution cultivation can be used. As a method of applying the fertilizer composition of the present invention to a plant, a method of being particularly useful as compared with various conventional fertilizer compositions includes a method of applying it to the leaf surface of the plant. Further, when the fertilizer composition of the present invention is subjected to a cultivation bed treatment during seeding of plants to growth of seedlings, it is possible to obtain extremely remarkable effects on good growth thereafter and improvement of the quality of harvested products. Such a preferable effect is obtained because the nitrogen component and the calcium component in the present composition are in a state where they are extremely easily absorbed by the plant, and therefore the absorption of ammonia nitrogen fertilizer into the plant is increased. Increase fertilizer effect,
It is considered that this is because it is possible to obtain a preferable effect such as the healthyness of the plant body by appropriately permeating the calcium component into the plant body. Further, according to such a treatment, it is possible to absorb a sufficient amount of nutrients and calcium components into the target plant to form a healthy cell wall, and to impart resistance to diseases and insect damage that easily occur in the seedling stage of the plant. Is obtained. The fertilizer composition of the present invention comprises 5-60% urea-calcium chloride salt.
It is preferable to adjust the solution to be used before use, and the salt produced in the aqueous solution can be used as it is as a fertilizer composition.

The fertilizer composition of the present invention contains a phosphorus compound, a calcium compound such as calcium carbonate, a potassium compound such as potassium sulfate, magnesium chloride, magnesium nitrate, magnesium sulfate, etc. within a range that does not impair the effects of the fertilizer composition of the present invention. Magnesium compounds such as, silicates, iron and the like can be appropriately mixed. Further, to the fertilizer composition of the present invention, a spreading agent, a surfactant, a pH adjusting agent and other additives generally used for agriculture may be appropriately added for the purpose of further improving the effect. In addition, pesticides such as bactericides and insecticides and other fertilizers can be added, but it is preferable to use water-soluble ones.

When the composition is applied to plants, it can be applied to any crop. Above all, it is extremely excellent in promoting the growth of seedlings of rice, vegetables, fruits and vegetables, making them healthy, making seedlings resistant to pests, making healthy leaves of turf, strengthening foliage of flowers and preventing calcium deficiency of fruit trees. However, the application of the present composition is not limited to these. A high quality field can be obtained by applying the composition of the present invention to a part or all of the natural turf portion of the field having at least a part of the natural turf portion. Examples of the field include a garden, golf, baseball, soccer, tennis, and the like.

[0013]

EXAMPLES Examples of the present invention, comparative examples and test examples will be shown below for further detailed description.

Example 1 60 g of urea was added to 100 ml of water, and the mixture was heated and stirred at 80 ° C. To this aqueous solution, an aqueous solution prepared by dissolving 55 g of calcium chloride in 100 ml of water was added dropwise, and after completion of the addition, the mixture was further stirred for 1 hour. After stirring, the mixture was cooled to room temperature to obtain a transparent aqueous solution. Example 2 A transparent aqueous solution was obtained by the same method as in Example 1 except that the heating temperature was 50 ° C. and the heating time was 2 hours.

Comparative Example 1 At room temperature (20 ° C.), 60 g of urea and 55 g of calcium chloride were added to 200 ml of water, and mixed by stirring. After stirring for 5 hours,
A clear aqueous solution was obtained. Comparative Example 2 At 40 ° C., 60 g of urea and 55 g of calcium chloride were added to 200 ml of water, and mixed by stirring. After stirring for 5 hours, a transparent aqueous solution was obtained.

Test Example 1 Storage stability test 100 g of the aqueous solution obtained in Examples 1 and 2 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2.
Was left at room temperature for 1 week and 1 month, and the amount of precipitate in the composition was measured. As a result, in Examples 1 and 2, no precipitate was observed at all under any conditions and the transparent state remained.
In contrast, the compositions prepared in Comparative Examples 1 and 2 have room temperature of 1
Suspensions and precipitates formed at week and month. When the precipitate was filtered and dried, and its weight was measured, it was 1.2 g and 4.1 g in Comparative Example 1 and 0.9 g and 3.2 g in Comparative Example 2, respectively.

Test Example 2 Healthy Rice Seedling Growth Test A composition diluted to a predetermined concentration during the hardening period (10 days after sowing) of rice (cultivar: Koshihikari) grown in a rice seedling raising box was used.
The seedlings were sprayed at a rate of 500 ml per one box, and thereafter grown in a normal growth state. Rice was collected 10 days after spraying, and dry weight, plant height, and leaf color were investigated, and TR (Trunk
-Root) ratio and solidity were calculated. The results are shown in Table 1. Leaf color is a value measured by a chlorophyll meter, and a larger value indicates a stronger green color.

[0018]

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[0019]

[Table 1]

From the above results, the composition plots produced in the examples show considerably better values than the composition plots and the untreated plots produced in the comparative examples, and more healthy rice seedlings can be obtained. it is obvious.

Test Example 3 Quality Improvement Test of Turf A composition of a predetermined concentration was sprayed twice on a lasso (Pencloth bentgrass grass) at a golf course at a rate of 1 l / m ² for 2 weeks, and 3 weeks after spraying. Sampled, dry matter weight,
The plant height was measured. Furthermore, the growth conditions of the above-ground part and the below-ground part were investigated by visual observation. At the same time, the rolling easiness of the golf ball was also measured. The height of the grass (cm) and the rollability of the ball were measured as shown in Figs. The results are shown in Table 2. The treatment amount in the table is the treatment amount per time, and the dry matter weight is 10 cm x 1
The dry weight of 0 cm of grass is shown.

[0022]

[Table 2]

From the above results, it is clear that the composition section of the present invention is a good quality grass having good rooting, hard and turf leaves.

Test Example 4 Prevention test of tomato scorching disease Tomato (variety: Momotaro) was sprayed with a composition diluted to a predetermined concentration of 150 l per 10a, 6 times at 10-day intervals from 11 days after planting. After spraying, 1- to 3-stage fruit clusters were harvested, and the occurrence rate of shingles was investigated. The results are shown in Table 3.

[0025]

[Table 3]

[0026]

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY According to the present invention, both components of urea and calcium chloride are allowed to coexist in a stable manner, and the amount of nitrogen and calcium incorporated into the plant is sufficient. A fertilizer composition containing a urea-calcium chloride salt that does not kill plants can be obtained.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing measurement of plant height.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing measurement of rolling easiness of a ball.

Claims (6)

[Claims] 1. A fertilizer composition comprising, as an active ingredient, a stabilized urea-calcium chloride salt obtained by reacting at a temperature of 50 ° C. to 100 ° C. 2. Urea and calcium chloride in water at 50 ° C.
The fertilizer composition according to claim 1, which is produced by mixing at a temperature of -100 ° C. 3. The fertilizer composition according to claim 1, which is produced by adding calcium chloride to an aqueous urea solution heated to 50 ° C. to 100 ° C. 4. A method for growing a high-quality crop free from calcium deficiency, which comprises applying the fertilizer composition according to claim 1 to the leaf surface of a plant and applying the fertilizer composition. 5. A method for producing a healthy seedling, which comprises applying the fertilizer composition according to any one of claims 1 to 3 to a cultivation bed during seeding to seedling cultivation in the cultivation of seedlings. 6. A high-quality field, wherein the fertilizer composition according to claims 1 to 3 is applied to a part or all of the natural grass portion in a field having a natural grass portion at least in part.