GB2309710A - Concentrations of security elements, and method for making same - Google Patents
Concentrations of security elements, and method for making same Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2309710A GB2309710A GB9707858A GB9707858A GB2309710A GB 2309710 A GB2309710 A GB 2309710A GB 9707858 A GB9707858 A GB 9707858A GB 9707858 A GB9707858 A GB 9707858A GB 2309710 A GB2309710 A GB 2309710A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- security elements
- paper
- ply
- particles
- concentrations
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H21/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties
- D21H21/14—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties characterised by function or properties in or on the paper
- D21H21/40—Agents facilitating proof of genuineness or preventing fraudulent alteration, e.g. for security paper
- D21H21/44—Latent security elements, i.e. detectable or becoming apparent only by use of special verification or tampering devices or methods
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H13/00—Pulp or paper, comprising synthetic cellulose or non-cellulose fibres or web-forming material
- D21H13/36—Inorganic fibres or flakes
- D21H13/46—Non-siliceous fibres, e.g. from metal oxides
- D21H13/48—Metal or metallised fibres
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Paper (AREA)
- Credit Cards Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
Paper comprising particulate security elements is disclosed. The pair consists of at least one ply and the particles are arranged within the body of the ply at predetermined variable concentrations (C). The particles are preferably arranged in separate regions (D 1 , D 2 , D 3 and D n ), the average particle concentration (C 1 , C 2 , C 3 and C n ) in each region being predetermined. The average concentrations (C 1 , C 2 , C 3 and C n ) are distributed along a curve such as a sine curve. The security elements are metal fibres. Said paper may be used in banknotes.
Description
PAPER COMPRISING VARIABLE AND CONTROLLED CONCENTRATIONS
OF SECURITY ELEMENTS AND ITS PROCESS OF MANAFACTRE The invention relates to a paper, more particularly a security paper, for example a paper for banknotes, for cheques, for visas, passports, credit cards, and the like.
Such papers are, in a known manner, securityprotected using security elements.
These elements may, for example, be shiny, fluorescent, luminescent, metal, magnetic, thermochromic, photochromic, iridescent fibres or flakes or platelets, etc.
Document FR-A-2,425,937 has described a fibrous structure comprising metal fibres and its process of manufacture.
These metal fibres are incorporated into the coherent structure in a controllable way, that is to say at limited points and with predetermined concentrations, either on the surface or within the body of the structure, for example in the form of strips. Surface deposition in strips is achieved by provision of a secondary head box containing a dispersion of metal fibres above the wet end of the papermaking machine and extending over part of the width of the paper. Thus the final paper includes a strip in which the fibres are distributed randomly since an aqueous suspension of metal fibres is deposited, the concentration of fibres in the strip having a constant average value.
These fibres may be incorporated into the body of the structure. When it is desired to deposit them in the body of the structure, a dispersion containing cellulose fibres and metal fibres with the desired concentration is formed by papermaking means, and then this fibrous sheet is covered with sheets having no metal fibres. This combining may take place either on a machine having several wire tables or outside the papermaking machine, by lamination.
Thus, such a sheet is called a "multi-ply sheet, namely it is composed of several layers. In addition, the fibre concentration is either zero, at the point where the metal-fibre-containing layer does not exist, or constant, at the point where the fibre-containing layer does exist. If the fibres are detected by means of a detector, this will transmit a signal equal either to O [sic] (zero fibre concentration) or to 1 (average fibre concentration C) . Consequently, a counterfeiter could deposit fibres at a certain point, this deposition possibly being either constant or random. At the points where there would be no deposition, the detector would indicate an 0 lsic] signal. At the points where there would be deposition, the detector would indicate a 1 signal, whether the deposition is constant or random, in the end the fibre concentration having a constant average value even in the case of random deposition.
Thus, a detector would not be able to distinguish between authentic papers and counterfeit papers.
In addition, the process for manufacturing such a paper is expensive, since it requires several steps or several wire tables in the papermaking machine. Finally, such a process does not enable a sheet to be obtained on a so-called "mould cylinder papermaking machine.
Document US-A-59281 has described a papermanufacturing process which consists in adding metal powder or fillers to the pulp. This process essentially consists in introducing the metal elements randomly, for example using a perforated cylinder containing the perforated elements which fall under gravity onto the sheet of paper being formed.
Document GB-A-696 673 has described a process and an apparatus for shooting out elements, for example metal powder, just before formation of the sheet of paper. The elements may be introduced in the form of lines of points or lines in a sinusoidal or cycloidal curve. The apparatus for depositing the elements may be controlled using beta rays, but the concentrations are random.
The object of the invention is therefore to produce, in a simple manner, a sheet in the form of a fibrous structure which includes particulate security elements arranged within the body of the fibrous structure.
By fibrous structure is meant any structure obtained by papermaking means from an aqueous composition of cellulose fibres, optionally synthetic fibres, fillers and any other additive used in the papermaking industry.
Another object of the invention is to produce a sheet in the form of a fibrous structure which includes particulate elements allowing differentiated variances in recognition signals.
For this purpose, the invention relates to a paper which includes security elements in the form of particles, characterized in that it consists of at least one ply, the particles being arranged in the body of the ply with predetermined variable concentrations C over the entire surface or in strips.
The sheet is single-ply. In addition, the particles are particles of any shape, such as fibres, flakes or platelets, for example metal fibres.
Preferably, the particles are arranged in the separate regions D1, D2, D3, Dnw the average particle concentration C1, C2, C3, Cn in each region being predetermined.
the particles are arranged in the separate regions D1, D2, D3, Dn the average particle concentration
C1, C2, C3, Cn in each region being predetermined. [sic]
The regions D1, D2, D3, Dn are separated from one another, their separation being predetermined.
The average concentrations C1, C2, C3, Cn are distributed in a curve, for example in a sinusoid.
The security elements emit detectable physical signals, especially optical, magnetic or electrical signals.
According to the invention, the security elements may have an average concentration C1 at one point, C2 at another point and C3 at another point, so that C1 < C2 <
C3. The signal is therefore encrypted and decrypted on reading.
The invention furthermore relates to a process for producing such a sheet.
Document WO 94/11577 (TUMBA) has described a process for producing bounded regions in the paper, consisting in preventing dewatering of the paper at one or more points on the wire of the machine, during formation of a sheet of paper on the machine, and by depositing, at these points, a special composition containing fibres which are different from the other fibres deposited on the wire.
In order to prevent dewatering of the paper, namely to prevent deposition of fibres, a nozzle is used which has a lip which rests against the wire of the cylinder mould, the nozzle having a part which delivers the special composition in the part which is called the "bared" part. A paper is thus obtained which includes transparent parts, these parts having, however, all the other physical properties which are the same as that of the paper.
Document US-A-4,437,935 (CRANE) has described a process enabling security elements to be introduced onto the surface of the paper. This process consists in arranging security elements on a water-dispersible strip, in placing the strip in a predetermined position on the surface of the sheet of paper and in dispersing the strip. It is also possible to introduce the strip into the paper. However, this process does not envisage modifying the concentration of the security elements as, on the contrary, it enables a paper to be produced which has security elements at precise points in all directions.
The process according to the present invention consists in depositing or introducing the particles when part of the ply of paper has been formed on the wire, preferably when the ply has been half-formed. The security elements are introduced by means of a fluid whose flow rate is regulated.
Document US-A-4,437,935 (CRANE) has described a process enabling security elements to be introduced onto the surface of the paper. This process consists in arranging security elements on a water-dispersible strip, in placing the strip in a predetermined position on the surface of the sheet of paper and in dispersing the strip. It is also possible to introduce the strip into the paper. However, this process does not envisage modifying the concentration of the security elements as, on the contrary, it enables a paper to be produced which has security elements at precise points in all directions. tsic] According to the invention, the particles are deposited by introducing them using a device, for example a rigid or flexible tube which does not touch the wire mesh of the papermaking machine.
The following description, with regard to the drawings appended by way of non-limiting examples, will make it possible to understand how the invention may be put into practice.
Figure 1 is an exploded view of a sheet produced according to Document FR-A-2,425,937.
Figure 2 is an exploded view of a sheet produced according to Document US-A-4,437,935.
Figure 3 is a view of a sheet produced according to the present invention.
Figure 4 is a sectional view on the line AA of the sheet in Figure 3.
Figure 5 is a view of the signal transmitted to a detector.
Figure 6 is a view of the device used to produce the sheet according to Figure 3.
Figure 7 is a perspective view of another embodiment of the device for producing the sheet according to the invention.
The sheet 1 shown in Figure 1 is formed by three plys. The outer plys 2 and 3 are, for example, fibrous structures obtained on a wire table or cylinder mould from an aqueous suspension of cellulose fibres, option ally mixed with synthetic fibres, fillers and other additives well known to the person skilled in the art.
The internal sheet 4 is a fibrous structure obtained from an aqueous suspension containing cellulose fibres, security elements 5, optionally synthetic fibres and other additives. The security elements are more particularly metal or magnetic fibres. Because they are introduced in the aqueous suspension, they are distributed randomly. In addition, the final sheet consists of three plys.
Figure 2 shows a sheet 6 formed by two plys 7 and 8. Between these two plys is introduced, during their formation by papermaking means, a water-soluble strip 9 which includes security elements which are separated from one another. These security elements are placed equal distances apart. Their concentration is constant.
Figure 3 shows a sheet 11 according to the invention.
The sheet 11 according to the invention is such that it comprises security elements 12 in the form of particles. By particles is meant any element of whatever shape, for example fibres a few tenths of a millimetre in length, flakes or platelets. These security elements may be metallic or magnetic. The particulate elements 12 are arranged within the body of the sheet 11, as shown in
Figure 4. Preferably, the elements 12 lie substantially half way through the thickness e of the sheet 11.
According to the invention, the sheet 11 is single-ply and the particles 12 are arranged so that their concentrations are variable but predetermined. By predetermined variable concentrations is meant that, at a given point in the sheet, the concentration C of the particles 12 is regulated.
Thus, referring to the figures, the particle concentration is C1 in the region D1, it is C2 in the region D2, it is C3 in the region D3 and the particle concentration is Cn in the region Dn.
It is possible to regulate the concentrations C1,
C2, C3, Cn so that these concentrations increase and then decrease. For example:
C1 < C2 < C3
C3 > C4 > C6, etc.
The signals transmitted by the particles will therefore follow the same modifications. Thus, if the concentrations C follow a sinusoidal curve, the signals transmitted will have a sinusoidal profile.
Of course, it is possible to regulate the concentrations C so that the signals transmitted have the desired configuration.
Figure 5 shows a sinusoidal signal S obtained from metal fibres having increasing and then decreasing concentrations. Depending on the average separation d between the various regions D1, D2, D3, Dnt it is possible to regulate the pitch of the curve of the signal S.
Figure 6 shows a device enabling the particle deposition process to be carried out. A papermaking machine in the form of a cylinder mould has been shown, but it is possible, of course, to use the same process on a wire table.
The cylinder-mould machine shown at 13 consists of a cylinder 14 formed by a wire which is embossed in order to form a watermark in the paper. The cylinder 14 rotates in an aqueous suspension of cellulose fibres, optionally synthetic fibres and other known additives.
The fibres are deposited on the cylinder 14 in order to form a ply 15 of paper. According to the invention, a flexible or rigid tube 16 is arranged [sic], the end 17 of which is placed just at the point where the ply 15 starts to be formed. Particles are introduced via this tube 16, the rate of flow of which particles is controlled so that the concentration of particles reaching the end 17 of the tube 16 is regulated. Preferably, the particles are deposited at the point where the ply of paper has been half-formed.
The flow rate of particles is regulated, for example, by means of a valve 18. The particles are deposited with a higher or lower concentration depending on whether the flow rate is higher or lower. The particles may be supplied by means of a fluid such as compressed air or water.
When the particles are deposited on the ply when it is half formed or being formed, the ply continues to be formed because of the rotation of the cylinder 14 and it is picked up by means of a pick-up felt, shown at 19, in order subsequently to move to a drying section or to any other subsequent treatment of the ply of paper.
A whole series 16a, 16b, 16c of tubes 16 may be provided, the ends of which are placed in the vicinity of the wire of the cylinder, as shown in Figure 7.
The ends 17a, 17b, 17c of the tubes are placed above the wire of the cylinder, without touching this wire.
The distance between the ends 17a, 17b, 17c of the tubes and the surface of the wire 14 is regulated so that the particles are placed within the ply 15 being formed.
Various particle flow rates may be provided in the tubes. Likewise, the separations between the tubes may differ, so as to alter the concentrations of the particles and the location of the regions D1, D2, D3 with respect to one another.
Claims (10)
1. Paper which includes security elements in the form of particles, characterized in that it consists of at least one ply, the particles (12) being arranged in the body of the ply with predetermined variable concentrations C.
2. Paper according to Claim 1, characterized in that the particles (12) are arranged in the separate regions
D1, D2, D3, Dn the average particle concentration C1, C2,
C3, Cn in each region being predetermined.
3. Paper according to Claim 2, characterized in that the regions D1, D2, D3, Dn are separated from one another, their separation d being predetermined.
4. Paper according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the average concentrations C1, C2,
C3, Cn are distributed in a curve.
5. Paper according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the average concentrations C1, C2,
C3, Cn are distributed in a sinusoid.
6. Paper according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the security elements emit detectable physical signals, especially optical, magnetic or electrical signals.
7. Paper according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the security elements are metal fibres.
8. Process for manufacturing a paper according to any one of the preceding claims, consisting in forming, in a papermaking machine, a ply (15) on the wire (14) of the machine from an aqueous suspension containing at least cellulose fibres and then in drying it, characterized in that security elements (12) are introduced when part of the ply (15) has formed on the wire.
9. Process according to Claim 8, characterized in that the security elements (12) are introduced when the ply (15) is half-formed.
10. Process according to Claims 8 or 9, characterized in that the security elements (12) are introduced by means of a fluid, the flow rate of the fluid being regulated.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR9413115A FR2726586B1 (en) | 1994-11-03 | 1994-11-03 | PAPER COMPRISING VARIABLE CONCENTRATIONS, CONTROLLED SECURITY ELEMENTS AND MANUFACTURING METHOD THEREOF |
| PCT/FR1995/001405 WO1996014469A1 (en) | 1994-11-03 | 1995-10-24 | Paper containing variable controlled concentrations of security elements, and method for making same |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB9707858D0 GB9707858D0 (en) | 1997-06-04 |
| GB2309710A true GB2309710A (en) | 1997-08-06 |
| GB2309710B GB2309710B (en) | 1998-07-22 |
Family
ID=9468454
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB9707858A Expired - Fee Related GB2309710B (en) | 1994-11-03 | 1995-10-24 | Paper comprising variable and controlled concentrations of security elements and its process of manufacture |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| BR (1) | BR9509557A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE19581817B4 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2138892B1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2726586B1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2309710B (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1281007B1 (en) |
| NL (1) | NL1001577C2 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1996014469A1 (en) |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2002071345A2 (en) * | 2001-03-01 | 2002-09-12 | WHD elektronische Prüftechnik GmbH | Security strips |
| WO2005003458A1 (en) * | 2003-07-07 | 2005-01-13 | Landqart | Security paper and method for the production thereof |
| WO2005105902A1 (en) * | 2004-04-29 | 2005-11-10 | Nv Bekaert Sa | Integrating security particles in value documents or value products |
| US6974623B2 (en) | 1999-12-23 | 2005-12-13 | Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh | Antifalsification paper provided with applied coding consisting of luminescent mottled fibers |
| GB2531584B (en) * | 2014-10-23 | 2019-07-10 | Portals De La Rue Ltd | Improvements in security papers and documents |
Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| TR199901293T2 (en) | 1996-12-12 | 2000-02-21 | N.V. Bekaert S.A. | Evraklar�n tan�nmas� ve kontrol� |
| US5992741A (en) * | 1996-12-12 | 1999-11-30 | Robertson; Paul Andrew | Magnetic detection of security articles |
| DE19836503B4 (en) * | 1998-08-12 | 2007-09-20 | WHD elektronische Prüftechnik GmbH | Method for producing a security feature |
| DE19826800A1 (en) * | 1998-06-16 | 1999-12-23 | Frank Puttkammer | Special paper for securities and banknotes etc. |
| DE19843062A1 (en) † | 1998-09-19 | 2000-03-23 | Meto International Gmbh | Process for the production of security elements for electronic article security |
| DE19928060A1 (en) * | 1999-06-15 | 2000-12-21 | Whd Elektron Prueftech Gmbh | Optically variable security feature and process for its manufacture |
| FR2901286B1 (en) * | 2006-05-19 | 2011-08-19 | Arjowiggins | METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING SHEET MATERIAL COMPRISING AT LEAST ONE FIBROUS LAYER AND SECURITY AND / OR DECORATIVE ELEMENTS |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US59281A (en) * | 1866-10-30 | Improvement in the manufacture of paper | ||
| GB696673A (en) * | 1949-09-29 | 1953-09-09 | John Knaggs | Manufacture of paper |
| FR2425937A1 (en) * | 1978-05-17 | 1979-12-14 | Arjomari Prioux | FIBROUS STRUCTURE CONTAINING METAL FIBERS, ITS PREPARATION PROCESS, AND ITS APPLICATION ESPECIALLY IN THE PAPER INDUSTRY |
| GB2103669A (en) * | 1981-06-03 | 1983-02-23 | Crane Co | Identifiable papers for example banknoted and methods and apparatus for producing them |
| WO1994011577A1 (en) * | 1992-11-11 | 1994-05-26 | Ab Tumba Bruk | A method of producing visible, continuous streaks and/or delimited fields in paper |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| IT1222851B (en) * | 1987-10-08 | 1990-09-12 | Mantegazza A Arti Grafici | MAGNETICALLY DETECTABLE IDENTIFICATION CODE TO MARK PRODUCTS, DOCUMENTS AND SIMILAR |
-
1994
- 1994-11-03 FR FR9413115A patent/FR2726586B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1995
- 1995-10-24 BR BR9509557A patent/BR9509557A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-10-24 WO PCT/FR1995/001405 patent/WO1996014469A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1995-10-24 GB GB9707858A patent/GB2309710B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-10-24 DE DE19581817T patent/DE19581817B4/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-10-24 ES ES009650014A patent/ES2138892B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-11-02 IT IT95TO000879A patent/IT1281007B1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1995-11-03 NL NL1001577A patent/NL1001577C2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US59281A (en) * | 1866-10-30 | Improvement in the manufacture of paper | ||
| GB696673A (en) * | 1949-09-29 | 1953-09-09 | John Knaggs | Manufacture of paper |
| FR2425937A1 (en) * | 1978-05-17 | 1979-12-14 | Arjomari Prioux | FIBROUS STRUCTURE CONTAINING METAL FIBERS, ITS PREPARATION PROCESS, AND ITS APPLICATION ESPECIALLY IN THE PAPER INDUSTRY |
| GB2103669A (en) * | 1981-06-03 | 1983-02-23 | Crane Co | Identifiable papers for example banknoted and methods and apparatus for producing them |
| WO1994011577A1 (en) * | 1992-11-11 | 1994-05-26 | Ab Tumba Bruk | A method of producing visible, continuous streaks and/or delimited fields in paper |
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6974623B2 (en) | 1999-12-23 | 2005-12-13 | Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh | Antifalsification paper provided with applied coding consisting of luminescent mottled fibers |
| WO2002071345A2 (en) * | 2001-03-01 | 2002-09-12 | WHD elektronische Prüftechnik GmbH | Security strips |
| WO2002071345A3 (en) * | 2001-03-01 | 2003-12-31 | Whd Elektron Prueftech Gmbh | Security strips |
| WO2005003458A1 (en) * | 2003-07-07 | 2005-01-13 | Landqart | Security paper and method for the production thereof |
| CH696744A5 (en) * | 2003-07-07 | 2007-11-15 | Landqart | Security paper and method for its production. |
| WO2005105902A1 (en) * | 2004-04-29 | 2005-11-10 | Nv Bekaert Sa | Integrating security particles in value documents or value products |
| GB2531584B (en) * | 2014-10-23 | 2019-07-10 | Portals De La Rue Ltd | Improvements in security papers and documents |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB2309710B (en) | 1998-07-22 |
| FR2726586B1 (en) | 1996-12-06 |
| NL1001577C2 (en) | 1997-06-10 |
| DE19581817T1 (en) | 1997-10-16 |
| IT1281007B1 (en) | 1998-02-11 |
| ES2138892B1 (en) | 2000-08-16 |
| NL1001577A1 (en) | 1996-05-03 |
| ITTO950879A1 (en) | 1997-05-02 |
| DE19581817B4 (en) | 2007-09-27 |
| WO1996014469A1 (en) | 1996-05-17 |
| ES2138892A1 (en) | 2000-01-16 |
| GB9707858D0 (en) | 1997-06-04 |
| FR2726586A1 (en) | 1996-05-10 |
| BR9509557A (en) | 1997-09-16 |
| ITTO950879A0 (en) | 1995-11-02 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 20121024 |