GB2280215A - Reinforced concrete retaining wall structure - Google Patents

Reinforced concrete retaining wall structure Download PDF

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Publication number
GB2280215A
GB2280215A GB9414376A GB9414376A GB2280215A GB 2280215 A GB2280215 A GB 2280215A GB 9414376 A GB9414376 A GB 9414376A GB 9414376 A GB9414376 A GB 9414376A GB 2280215 A GB2280215 A GB 2280215A
Authority
GB
United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
wall
masses
anchoring
tension
facing wall
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
GB9414376A
Other versions
GB9414376D0 (en
Inventor
Muelas Medrano Santiago
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Fospas S L
Original Assignee
Fospas S L
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Fospas S L filed Critical Fospas S L
Publication of GB9414376D0 publication Critical patent/GB9414376D0/en
Publication of GB2280215A publication Critical patent/GB2280215A/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02DFOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D29/00Independent underground or underwater structures; Retaining walls
    • E02D29/02Retaining or protecting walls
    • E02D29/0225Retaining or protecting walls comprising retention means in the backfill
    • E02D29/0233Retaining or protecting walls comprising retention means in the backfill the retention means being anchors

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • On-Site Construction Work That Accompanies The Preparation And Application Of Concrete (AREA)
  • Retaining Walls (AREA)
  • Distribution Board (AREA)
  • Connection Or Junction Boxes (AREA)
  • Finishing Walls (AREA)
  • Bulkheads Adapted To Foundation Construction (AREA)
  • Bridges Or Land Bridges (AREA)

Description

2280215 Title Reinforced Concrete Retaining Wall Structure Lhe present
invention relates to a reinforced retaining wall structure, more especially using precast concrete C) wall technology.
At present there is an increase in the use of precast ground retaining wall structures, sometimes referred to as bridge abutment systems. The present invention more especially concerns systemised industrialisation of these structures and, in general, manufacture of component parts -o the place where the wall at a location different t structure is finally to be built.
The systems used at present can be divided into two main groups. The first refers to that which is often called 112round reinforcement", wherein elements are mixed or CD inserted into the earth, thereby to impart artificial cohesion to the soil w.hich permits it to stand with a vertical or almost vertical face. These elements are bh a surface eler--,ent, sometimes usually reinforced will called the shell or skin, that prevents the mass of the system from surface crumbling.. There are many variations of this technique, alepending on the type and characteristics of the inserted elements, which can be metal or plastic or textiles, for example, sometimes in the form of strips or bands.
ften usec- is the more classic, which The second system ol employs counterfort or abut.ment walls. In this systeri, a fac-i,",c,,, wall is manufactured and joined before or after erection of abutments. The unit is placed on the job site by means of cranes and shoring and then the foundation footing concrete is poured. Once the concrete footing has set, the extrados of the wall can be filled in. There are many variations of this system, depending on the type of counterfort, continuous with or separated from the facing panel and depending if the Ifacing wall and counterfort are manufactured at the same time or not. On occasions, they are Joined afterwards and, in some cases, the footing is cast, only affecting the counterforts, and the facing wall, consisting of one or several parts, is sited between the counterforts. As stated, the number of variations is enormous and it is impossible to give even a summarised description here of all the systems currently in use. For low walls, for example, it is standard tice to cast the panel and counterfort in the factory, pract together with the footing.
Within the existing systems, some are based on anchoring or supporting the facing wall to areas existing behind the 117'illin-. For example, concrete facinIg walls, generally C:) I made in situ, are frequently anchored to extrados rock areas. There exist special techniques that perforate the rock, introduce a bolt and fasten or anchor the facing wall to the rock. Normaljy, this is not done with precast walls, although it is evident that the precast walls could be anchored. Another known system involves utilisation of anchors by means of introducing dead masses in the form of square blocks or plates in the extrados filler in a metal sheetpile wall structure.
The conventional system havin,,7; a facing wall uses counterforts cast to a footing, which results in the 1 -acing wall and counterfort working, structuralLy- CD speaking, as a cantilever. This manner of working is C> C:) very inefficient and has very high material cost's.
The present -invention primarily consists of having the facing wall and counterfort assembly working together W_ embedded in the footing, but also fastened at some intermediate point. ground reinforcement ground reinforcement exclusively concerns which have slight but the invention provides a solution to this problem.
-ion does not require The invent and has nothing to do with known techniques. The invention facing walls of concrete material, definite deformation capacity, but The invention is best briefly described with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein Figure 1 represents a -op cross-section of the proposed wall and Figure 2 is a t view of a section of this wall. From, the relative sizes and dimensions illustrated, the very important net savings obtained in materials can be appreciated. Figure 3 shows the building process employed in the present invention, illustrating the dimensions of the footing, to scale, for a typical wall height chosen as an example. The footing C) has been sized for half of the total height of the wall.
In this way, the construction process can be started in situ in the same way as when using. any other conventional -Pacing wall, with the particularity of obt C) precast J kainincr a very substantial decrease in the footinn.'s dimensions.
Figure 4 shows a wall, with conventional footing, for the same height, and also illustrates the cantilever reinforcement that the wall must contain. By comparison, Fi,ure 5 shows the footing employed in this invention, for C) Oic By exam-ining, Fi.-.:,=e 3, it the sarne safety coeiff- _Jent. -he extrados behinl filled can be seen that 1. 1 the wall is -i with th.e footing up to hall.f of the height of the wall, w-hout surpassing any calculated safety coefficient.
i 1.
Once half of the wall height has been reached with the filler, a dead mass or reinforced concrete block (precast or made in situ) is placed in the indicated position, in -icient distance from the active other words, at a suf L buoyancy wedge adjacent to the footing to which a S t galvanized steel bol (having sufficient diameter required for the calculated conditions) is attached. This bolt acts as a "tension bar" and serves as the wall anchor. Then, backfilling and compacting of the dead mass towards the facing wall is continued, to avoid the movement of the dead mass. Depending on how the second stage of backfilling is carried out, the wall assembly will behave correctly. It is possible that the facing wall could move slighttly, without this representing any safety loss, and only in the case that t'ne backfilling is not done sufficiently carefully. Fiogure 6 shows a detail of the syster. used to anchor the bolt to the panel, which allows -ension aljust subsequent 11 Lment. Once the wall is finished, the tension adjusted and its stability checked, fii1in,=-- in is completed to cover the work, so that no remains of the process can be seen.
The invention as described in an exe p 1 - - m lary manner represents a very great improvement in the cost of retainin,- walls. The levell of savings for higher walls, C of six metres, for example, is approximately fifty percent.
A particular improvement obtainable with this invention consists of exact control of the tension of the tension bar. By carrying out this cr)ntrol-, any possible movement that could have negative effects, primarily from an aesthetic point of view, disappears.
T 1he tension of the bar can be controlled by means of a dynamometric torque wrench, which sets the grip torque.
Lhe working tension of the bolt can be set, based on the torque, to coincide with the calculated tension. In other words, this further feature of the invention means that, for the first time, earth retainment structures and bridge abutments can be built with an almost exact knowledge of the working tension of the structure. it is general knowledge that the soil thrust can be calculated using semi-empirical methods, generally based on out-dated equations, which do not take building processes into account, such as compacting or the true characteristics of the filling. With the invention as above exemplified, manner of operation of the structure can be controlled to a greater extent, which represents a very important advance in the field of retainment engineering.
For a better understanding of the different drawings accompanying this specification, a more complete description now follows:-
Fig,ure 1 represents a cross-section of the facing wall C= 1 wherein the footine 2 in which the wall is embedded can be seen, as well as the bolt 3 -he dead mass that acts as a tension bar and 4 of reinforced concrete; Figure 2 is a top view of a wall section 1 in which the erent tension bars that control the facing difl cj wall can be seen; Fi-ure- 3 shows the building process for the wall 1 - 6 structure, including the facing wall 1, the corresponding footing 2, the extrados filling C uo to half the wall height, tne dead mass 4 and the remaining filler 6 which prevents movement ol the dead mass 4; Figure 4 shows a wall 7 with conventional footing 8 wherein a counterfort, which acts as a cantilever, can be seen, and which the wall structure must essentially contain; Figure 9 shows the difference in footing size between 1 J.
a wall built in accordance with the present 11 L invention and that of FiEure 4, and in particular the decrease in the size of the counterfort that is now doubly supported by the footing and the anchoring; Figure 5 shows the joining of W - J.
anchoring, includin., washer 10 and the nut the work cup 12, which once the work tension 4- k.he counterfort and the bolt 3, the distribution 11 that remain inside of is filled with cement has been regulated and stabilisation controlled, and it will be;2riven the same finish as the rest of the surface of the facing wall.
Various modifications of the above-described and illustrated wall structure are Dossible within the scope of the invention defined in the followinz- claims.
C> 7

Claims (7)

  1. Claims
    CilF 1. A reinforced concrete retaining wall structure having controlled tension, comprising a facing wall and one or more anchoring masses in the wall filler behind the facing wall, joined to the facing wall by means of one or more coupling elements, the arrangement being such that the immobility of the anchoring mass or masses ensures the stability of the facing wall, without requirement for earth reinforcement.
  2. 2. A structure according to claim 1, wherein the anchoring mass or masses are of solid concrete, precast or CD cast in situ.
  3. 3. A structure in accordance with claim 1 or claim 2, having a support footing in the base, predesigned for a C height lower than the height of the facing wall, which allows a first-stac-e exItrados filling up to the level of C.
    the one or more anchoring masses.
  4. 4. A structure in accordance with any of the preceding claims, wherein the or each coupling element between the facinS wall and the anchoring mass or masses is or are - le ol. -alvanized steel, which coupling or coupling aa W C) r elements can be tightened, with consequential movement of C) the anchoring mass or masses, as necessary, to control the earth's passive thrust.
  5. 5. A structure in accordance with any of the preceding claims, wherein the torque control and consequently the - 8 tension of the coupling elements is verified by means of a u cj dynamonetric torque wrench or llike device.
  6. 6. A claims, structure in accordance with any of the preceding employing one or more non-ricz;:,,id coupling elements such as cables or the like, tension being controlled by torque devices.
  7. 7. A reinforced concrete retaining wall structure substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
    CI
GB9414376A 1993-07-23 1994-07-11 Reinforced concrete retaining wall structure Withdrawn GB2280215A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ES09301656A ES2091704B1 (en) 1993-07-23 1993-07-23 PREFABRICATED REINFORCED CONCRETE WALL, ANCHORED, WITH CONTROLLED TENSION.

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
GB9414376D0 GB9414376D0 (en) 1994-09-07
GB2280215A true GB2280215A (en) 1995-01-25

Family

ID=8282655

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
GB9414376A Withdrawn GB2280215A (en) 1993-07-23 1994-07-11 Reinforced concrete retaining wall structure

Country Status (5)

Country Link
DE (1) DE4423890A1 (en)
ES (1) ES2091704B1 (en)
FR (1) FR2708014A1 (en)
GB (1) GB2280215A (en)
IT (1) IT1270083B (en)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101899839A (en) * 2010-03-30 2010-12-01 山东大学 Counter-pulled type rib retaining wall of pre-stressing force cantilever
CN103266775A (en) * 2013-06-04 2013-08-28 中交二航局第四工程有限公司安徽分公司 Guide rail type steel strand limit tool

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113389220B (en) * 2021-07-02 2022-07-19 中国电建集团成都勘测设计研究院有限公司 Rock slope non-excavation road shoulder retaining wall and construction method thereof

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4154554A (en) * 1976-04-05 1979-05-15 Hilfiker Pipe Co. Retaining wall and anchoring means therefor
EP0050166A1 (en) * 1980-10-16 1982-04-28 Ballast-Nedam Groep N.V. Ground retaining wall
GB2156871A (en) * 1984-04-04 1985-10-16 Transport Secretary Of State F Soil anchor; anchored earth structures
US4564316A (en) * 1982-11-08 1986-01-14 Hunziker Kenneth J Face panel system
GB2199603A (en) * 1986-12-13 1988-07-13 Colin John Francis Phili Jones Anchored soil structure
US4952098A (en) * 1989-12-21 1990-08-28 Ivy Steel Products, Inc. Retaining wall anchor system

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR656692A (en) * 1927-06-25 1929-05-11 Construction system for quay walls, dikes or retaining walls
US4068482A (en) * 1976-08-02 1978-01-17 Hilfiker Pipe Company Retaining wall structure using precast stretcher sections
CH657651A5 (en) * 1982-06-07 1986-09-15 Losinger Ag Method and arrangement for constructing a retaining wall having external slabs

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4154554A (en) * 1976-04-05 1979-05-15 Hilfiker Pipe Co. Retaining wall and anchoring means therefor
EP0050166A1 (en) * 1980-10-16 1982-04-28 Ballast-Nedam Groep N.V. Ground retaining wall
US4564316A (en) * 1982-11-08 1986-01-14 Hunziker Kenneth J Face panel system
GB2156871A (en) * 1984-04-04 1985-10-16 Transport Secretary Of State F Soil anchor; anchored earth structures
GB2199603A (en) * 1986-12-13 1988-07-13 Colin John Francis Phili Jones Anchored soil structure
US4952098A (en) * 1989-12-21 1990-08-28 Ivy Steel Products, Inc. Retaining wall anchor system

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101899839A (en) * 2010-03-30 2010-12-01 山东大学 Counter-pulled type rib retaining wall of pre-stressing force cantilever
CN103266775A (en) * 2013-06-04 2013-08-28 中交二航局第四工程有限公司安徽分公司 Guide rail type steel strand limit tool

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2091704B1 (en) 1998-04-16
ITMI941440A1 (en) 1996-01-12
IT1270083B (en) 1997-04-28
FR2708014A1 (en) 1995-01-27
GB9414376D0 (en) 1994-09-07
ITMI941440A0 (en) 1994-07-12
ES2091704A2 (en) 1996-11-01
DE4423890A1 (en) 1995-01-26
ES2091704R (en) 1997-09-01

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