FR2708014A1 - Prefabricated reinforced concrete wall, anchored, tension controlled. - Google Patents

Abstract

Prefabricated reinforced concrete wall, anchored, tension controlled, with one or more concrete blocks (4) in its own backfill, connected to its wall by a rigid screwed element (3) which allows the tension to be adjusted, by means of a torque wrench; the wall is designed with a support element on a flange (2) intended for a height appreciably less than that of the wall, which allows a first phase of filling from the back of the wall to the area where the concrete blocks.

Description

i

  The present invention refers to the use of

  sation of the technique of anchoring walls in the tech-

  nology of precast concrete walls.

  We are currently witnessing a development

  increasingly important pre-

  brication of earth and / or copper containment walls

  bridges. We refer, of course, to the industrialization of the construction of these elements, that is to say, to systematization and, generally, to

  the manufacture of these walls, in a place different from that-

  him from the end use. The systems used ac-

  they are divided into two main groups. Meadow-

  mier is the one that refers to what has been called "ren-

  fort of land ", in which, usually, are placed

  these resistant elements mixed or interposed in the

  embankment, which confer a kind of artificial cohesion

  sky to the ground, allowing it to be maintained vertically

  wedge or on almost vertical slopes. These elements

  resistant elements are most often reinforced by a surface element, sometimes called a "shell" or

  "skin", which prevents the surface collapse of the

  seems to be generally referred to as "massif". There are several versions of this diagram, depending on the type and characteristics of the reinforcing elements, which can be metallic or plastic,

  with shapes that range from bands or ribbons to fi-

lets or, even, to fabrics.

  The second system, in vogue today, is the most classic and it is what we could designate by "buttress walls". According to this system,

  we make a connected panel, previously or "a post-

  riori ", in buttresses. The assembly is put in place by cranes and props; we usually pour the concrete of the foundation sole. When

  the concrete of the sole has hardened, we can fill the rear

  the wall. There are several variants depending on the type of buttress, continuous or separate from the wall, depending on whether the wall and the buttress are made.

  or not at the same time. Sometimes they are connected post-

  laughing and, in some cases, the sole is

  thundered by taking only the buttresses, the pan-

  neaux then forming walls composed of one or

  several pieces placed between the buttresses. Com-

  me we say, the number of variants is huge

  and it would be impossible to describe here,

  same summary, of all the systems used today-

  lement. For low-rise walls, for example, it is common to concrete the wall and the

buttress with sole.

  Of all the systems that exist,

  tains are based on the idea of "anchoring" or maintaining the frontal or visible part, that is to say, what

  we called "sign", to areas that are

  wind behind the embankment and which have characteristics

  ques resistant. For example, it is common to an-

  create concrete panels, generally poured on site, at posterior rock areas. There are

  special techniques for drilling rocks, intro

  take a bolt and fix or "anchor" it to the rock.

  This is not normally done with prefab walls.

  bricks, but obviously the panels can be. Another known system consists in using anchors by introducing "blocks", or dice, or

  plates, in the embankment of the back of a palpate wall

metal boards.

  The invention which is the subject of this patent consists of

  a similar technique, but with characteristics

  only clean. The idea of a panel system

  trenches concreted on a footing, makes that the resistant system of the panel and buttress works, from the point of view of the structure, in cantilever. This is there

  a highly ineffective work slack which

  poses a very high material cost. The invention pro-

  posed consists in making that the whole panel-against

  hard work, being embedded in the sole, but also being fixed at an intermediate point. All this without the need for reinforcement on the ground and without the technique recalling that of soil reinforcement. The

  problem is that of the difficulties that the system pro-

  posed would in practice with concrete materials

  tone to which the invention exclusively refers. And this due to their low deformation capacity,

  We will briefly describe below

  a possible practical realization of the invention by

  referring to the plans that accompany this support.

  We can see in Figure 1 a cross section of the proposed wall. Figure 2 shows a plan view

  of a piece of this wall. Measures and dimensions pro-

  asked, we deduce the significant saving of materials, without any counterpart. We see in Figure 3 the

  construction process, one of the keys to pre-

  invention; the dimensions of the base are to scale, for an average wall height chosen as an example. The sole has been dimensioned for a height equal to half the total height. We thus manage to start the assembly process a

  work in the same way as using any

  what other conventional prefabricated wall does

  the peculiarity that we obtain an im-

  bearing the dimensions of the sole. Figure 4 is a wall with a conventional flange for the same wall height and we can see the reinforcement in the form of a cantilever that the wall must include. FIG. 5 shows the sole of the invention to which this patent refers, with the same safety coefficients. If we look at Figure 3, we can see

  that once the sole is built, we fill the ar-

  wall halfway up, without exceeding any design safety factor. Once we

  has reached half the wall, we place, in the posi-

  indicated, that is to say, at a sufficient distance

  outside the angle of active thrusts, a "block" or parallelepiped in reinforced concrete, also prefabricated

  or manufactured on the job, to which is connected a bou-

  lon in galvanized steel, of the section required by the

  calculation. This bolt will act as a spacer and suppose-

  ra the anchoring of the wall. We will then continue to backfill and compact, from the block to the panel, to avoid movement of the first. Depending on how the second part of the embankment will be executed, the wall

  as a whole will behave properly. He could-

  However, there will be some slight displacements of the panels, without this in any case assuming a loss of security, and only if the construction

  has been neglected. We can see in figure 6 a

  tail of the bolt anchoring system to the wall, which

  allows later adjustment of the working voltage.

  Once the wall is finished, the tension adjusted and its sta-

  controlled mobilization, we will fill and camouflage the space

  this work without appearing outside any

rest of construction.

  The invention described implies a reduction

  very important of the cost of the retaining walls. The eco

  nomie obtained reached for example, for walls of

six meters, fifty percent.

  One of the improvements obtained with this invention is the exact control of the

  working tension of the spacer. Thanks to this control

  the, any possibility of displacement which could have undesirable effects, especially from a point of

aesthetic view, disappears.

  Checking the tension of the spacer

  can be achieved with a dyna-

  torque which fixes the tightening torque. Depending

  of this torque, the calculation voltage can be ensured.

  This second part of the invention therefore assumes that, for the first time, it is possible to construct structures for retaining land and abutments of

  bridges, with an almost exact knowledge of the

  work of these structures. We know that the thrusts exerted by the land are calculated by

  semi-empirical means, based on old formulas-

  which do not take into account the process of cons

  truction, such as compaction or characteristics

  of the embankment. Thanks to this invention, it is possible to control to a large extent the way in which the structure works, which supposes a very

  important in the world of content engineering

tion.

  For a better understanding of the different

  rent figures of the attached plans, we do

  below is a full description.

  Figure 1 shows a cross-section

  the wall -1-; we see the sole -2- in which

  it is recessed, the bolt -3- which acts as a-

  tretoise, and the block -4- in reinforced concrete.

  Figure 2 is a plan view of a piece of wall -1- where we see the different spacers

that it entails.

  We can see in Figure 3 the construction process of this wall -1-, the corresponding sole

  -2-, the embankment of the back -5- of the wall up to mid

  height, block -4- and remaining fill -6- for

avoid the movement of the block -4-.

  Figure 4 is a wall -7- with a conventional sole -8-, where we see the buttress which works like a cantilever -9- which must bear

the wall.

  We observe in FIG. 5 the difference in size of the sole of a wall constructed according to the invention which is the subject of this patent, and the decrease in the buttress which now works on two supports,

the sole and the anchor.

  Finally, we see in Figure 6 the detail of the assembly of the buttress and the anchor, with the bolt -3-, the distribution washer -10- and the nut -11-, which remain inside of the workspace -12-, which, once the working tension has been adjusted and its stabilization verified, will be filled

  mortar and finished in the same manner as the rest of the panel area.

Claims (5)

  1. Prefabricated reinforced concrete wall, anchored, with controlled tension, which is characterized by the fact that one or more concrete blocks or blocks (4) are introduced into the embankment of the wall, which are connected to the wall or outer face (1) of the wall by   a rigid element (3), so that the immobilizer   the block unit ensures the stability of the outer wall   without having to reinforce the ground in the sense given to this concept by techniques in use.   2. Prefabricated reinforced concrete wall, anchored, with controlled tension, according to claim 1, characterized in that it is designed as a support element on a base or "sole" (2) provided for a height substantially less than the height   total wall, which allows a first phase of replacement   pleating from the back, up to the height o will located the concrete blocks (4).   3. Prefabricated reinforced concrete wall, anchored, with controlled tension, according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the rigid element (3) of union   between the wall (1) and the block (4) is made of galvanized steel   nise, with at least one end of attachment to the   wall, screwed, which allows clamping and movement   corresponding block corresponding to the exact measurement for   immobilize the passive thrust of the terrain.   4. Prefabricated reinforced concrete wall, anchored,   voltage controlled, according to all claims   previous, characterized in that the tightening check and, consequently, that of the tension in   the steel element (3) is produced by a dyna-   mometric or equivalent system which ensures the torque Clamping.   5. Prefabricated reinforced concrete wall, anchored,   voltage controlled, according to all claims   previous, characterized in that the screwed bar   (3) is replaced by a non-rigid anchoring element   of, cable or the like, using another   clamping device which also allows control the tension.