GB2212161A - Fire resistant pile fabrics - Google Patents
Fire resistant pile fabrics Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2212161A GB2212161A GB8723020A GB8723020A GB2212161A GB 2212161 A GB2212161 A GB 2212161A GB 8723020 A GB8723020 A GB 8723020A GB 8723020 A GB8723020 A GB 8723020A GB 2212161 A GB2212161 A GB 2212161A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- pile
- fabrics
- fabric
- pile fabrics
- precursor
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
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Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
- D06M11/32—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with oxygen, ozone, ozonides, oxides, hydroxides or percompounds; Salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond
- D06M11/34—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with oxygen, ozone, ozonides, oxides, hydroxides or percompounds; Salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond with oxygen, ozone or ozonides
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B2503/00—Domestic or personal
- D10B2503/04—Floor or wall coverings; Carpets
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Woven Fabrics (AREA)
- Knitting Of Fabric (AREA)
- Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
Abstract
A process is provided for the production of fire resisting pile fabrics by the conversion of readily flammable precursor pile fabrics, which comprise entirely of polyacrylonitrile fibres in the pile, into pile fabrics which then consist substantially of so called oxidised polyacrylonitrile fibres in the pile. This is effected by subjecting the pile fibres of the precursor pile fabric to the hot drawing action of a rapidly rotating heated and fluted roller followed by the heating of the pile fabric in air at a temperature of 225 +/-5 degrees Celsius for a period of from 5 hours to 7 hours. Pile fabrics so treated incandesce under incident flame. There is little smoke release or fibre melting. The excellent initial properties of thermal insulation and resistance to attack by microorganisms are retained. Pile fabrics so treated retain these desirable properties following exposure to severe elemental conditions and following repeated field maintenance procedures such as washing and dry-cleaning.
Description
FIRE RESISTANT PILE FABRICS
This invention relates to an industrial process for the production of fire resistant pile fabrics by the conversion of readily fla;mnable precursor pile fabrics with polyacrylonitrile fibre in the pile.
WITH the removal of asbestos based products from many end-uses there is considerable interest in the development of textile fabric alternatives, which will provide a good level of protection to persons and property in fire risk situations not only fromthe heat and flames but also from the even more dangerous smoke release,which occurs during the heating and eventual combustion of conventional textile materials and other materials with which they are in contact , for example upholstery foam blocks.
It is known from early work on the production of carbon fibres from precursor polyacrylonitrile fibres in the hot drawn molecular aligned condition that there is an intermediate temperature range in the heating process,which if maintained for a sufficiently long period of time will provide fibres,wnichshow a high degree of fire resistance and with very low smoke release when a flame impinges on the fibres.The precise mechanism of their formation is not fully understood and various molecular structures have been proposed for the heated form which call for a high degree of molecular alignment and crystallinity within the fibres.
Such fibres are generally known as oxidised polyacrylonitrile fibres.
However,such fibres are brittle when subjected to combined twisting, bending,nnd tensile forces experienced by textile fibres in general during their conventional processing into slivers,yarns,and fabrics made from them.High fibre cost per unit of weight and high fibre breakage leading to high process waste has generally restricted the use of such fibres to blends with other flame retardant treated fibres,which proviae a degree of support to the oxidised polyacrylonitrile fibres during fibre to yarn to fabric textile conversion processes.However,the very low smoke release property of the oxidised polyacrylonitrile fibres is largely offset by the presence of these other fibres.
Many other fabric types and combined fabric laminations have been proposed and developed.In general,such fabrics are flat fabrics and
are thin in section.Thus,although good in flame retarding effect they
provide poor thermal insulation and the risk of second degree skin
burns to wearers of garments made from these fabrics is high.This necessitates the use of bulky air entraping layers between the outer
protective fabric and the skin or the item to be protected.Such insulation has been provided by waddings of equally expensive
non-flammable fibres or by pile fabrics of flame retardant fibres combined
to the outer protectivtfabric.Smoke release during burning is then still
a significant problem.
It is also known that due to a high level of air entrapment animals are
provided with a good degree of thermal insulation by their furs,and
similarily animal furs as well as man-made pile fabrics provide a good
level of protection to human eings in low temperature environments.
It is further known that during the fabric finishing sequence of natural
furs and some man-made fibre pile fabrics a special process is necessary
to improve the aesthetics of the fibrous pile surface by removing the
natural or imparted fibre waviness generally known as fibre crimp.
Pile surface fibres so straightened and then sheared to equalize surface
unlevelness present an an aesthetically pleasing feel and appearance,
which is essential to satisfy the appeal of the article to the customer.
This operation is commonly known as rotary polishing.
The apparatus is commercially available and has been so for manly years.
In its basic form the apparatus consists essentially of an endless oelt, which supports the pile fabric with the pile uppermost and across its
entire width.The apparatus can be used to treat the pile of hand held
short pieces of pile fabric, or long production lengths of pile fabric via an array of fabric spreading,tensioning,and driving rollers.
The transporting belt is capable of being raised so that the pile of the pile fabric which it supports is brought into an adjustable arc of pressure
contact with a rapidly rotating roller,which is provided with a series
of hard edged flutes around its periphery and across its working surface width.
The pile fibres across the entire width of the pile fabric are effectively
flicked by the rapidly rotating flute edges.Since most fibres have one of their ends firmly anchored in the pile fabric base,they are caused to undergo drawing ,and hence molecular reaåjustment,in a direction parallel
to their long axis.Those fibres which are not held in the pile fabric prior to this treatment are simultaneously removed from the pile via a
a ducted exhaust system.The ratural or imparted fibre waviness or crimp
is effectively removed by one or more such treatments and threafter the pile fibres remain in the straightened condition.Such fluted rollers are usually electrically heated internally across their working widtns in
order to assist the straightening effect especially in thermoplastic
pile fibres.The linear speed of the pile fabric transporter nn De
adjusted as can be the surface speed of the roller and the surface temperature of the roller and its flutes to enable an optimum lustrous
finish to be obtained for each of awide range of pile fabric pile fibre heibhts,fibre diameters,and pile fibre weights per square metre.
According to the present invention conventionally produced and readily
flammable pile fabrics consisting of polyacrylonitrile fibres which for:
100 per cent of the pile are subjected on the pile side to the hot drawing
action of a rapidly rotating fluted and heated roller.Fabrics so treated
and/or articles preconstructed from the predrawn pile fabrics are then
subjected to a temperature of from 220 degrees Centigrade to 230 degrees
Centigrade for a period of from 5 hours to 6 hours.The hot drawn
polyacrylonitrile pile fibres are thereby converted to the so called
oxidised formvIn this condition the pile fabrics exhibit excellent flame
retardancy,very low smoke release,no melting,and retain their intrinsically
good thermal insulation properties and resistance to attack by micro- organism Thus by bringing together the widely disparate industrial techniques
of oxidised polyacrylonitrile fibre production and pile fabric lustring
by means of rotary polishing,for the first time provides an industrial
process by which it is possible to produce a wide range of pile fabric types and constructions ,which consist substantially of oxidised polyacrylonitrile fibre in the pile.The pile fabrics so produced can be used as produced or can be given further conventional treatments in order to improve water and/or oilrepellancy for particular end-use requirements, for example clothing and tents,and/or one side coated or printed with pigmented or un-pigmented flame-retarding resins if so required,or combined with a second non-inflammable fabric if so required.
Thus for the first ti.e unitary and base fabrics can be produced which combine the most desirable properties of excellent thermal insulation, light in weight with relatively high thickness, flexibility, high resistance to fire,very low smoke release, non-melting, and high resistance to attack by micro-organisms,together with a ready acceptance of additional chemical finishes to improve water and/or oilrepellancy.
The fabrics are also reversible in that the high degree of fire resistance, low smoke release ,nonnelting,and thermal insulation are retained irrespective of on which side of the fabric the heat source iDn=es.
This desireab1e cor!bination of properties is not lost when te fric is subjected to washing and drycleaning procedures, or additionally subjected to repeated exposure to severe envionmental weather conditions.
The colour of the polyacrylonitrile fibre component of the pile fabrics which undergo this process of the present invention change from white to black during the final heat treatment stage of this process.The raw material fibre usedto produce the pile of these fabrics should be white undyed with as high a polyacrylonitrile content as possible.The presence of other polymeric materials or dye molecules in the polyacrylonitrile fibre component of the pile fabric prior to the process of this present invention has an inhibiting effect on the proper development of fire retardancy in the pile during the final heating stage of the process.
For the purposes and scope of this invention the following definitions are embodied: (a).Polyacrylonitrile fibre.A fibre made from a synthetic linear polymer in which the chief repeating unit is:
(b). Pile. A surface effect on a fabric produced by tufts of sliver,or slubbing,or roving,or yarn either alone or in combinations,introduced into the fabric for the purpose,that stand up from the bogyof the fabric.
(c). Pile fabric. All fabrics with a pile surface which is formed by inserting
web,sliver,slubbing,or yarn into a preformed technical ground fabric
and then forming tufts;for exaple,tufted pile fabrics,
and by the weaving of technical ground yarns with the simul -neous formation of pile tuftsfrom sliver,or slubbine,cr roving, or yarn;
and by the warp or weft knitting of technical ground yarns with the
simultaneous formation of pile tufts from sliver and/cr slubbing,
and/or roving, and/or yarn;
and by forming tufts and then bonding them to an adhesive coated
technical ground fabric;
and by applying fibres in a high-voltage electrostatic field to an
adhesive coated technical ground fabric (d). Tuft.An I-, J-, U-, or W- shaped length of sliver, slubbing, roving,
or yarn of wnich the leg or legs form the pile of the fabric.
(e).Technical backing yarn A technical backin yarn is any yarn wncn or
is usedot weave to knit around the pile tufts thereby providing anchorage and support to the tufts as well as forming the basis or body of tne pile fabric itself from which the pile stands ut.For the purpose of this
invention such yarns should be made from fibres which will not only withstand the conditions of the process of this present invention but will also withstand those conditions under which the pile processed by the present invention will be subjected during specific enduse conditions.
(f). Technical backing fabrics technical backing fabric is any type of
premanufactured fabric for example,woven,knitted,or bondedinto which sliver, slubbing, roving, or yarn is inserted to form tufts thereby providing
anchorage and support to the tufts as well as forming the basis or body
of the pile fabric itself from wnich the pile stands up.For the purpose of the present invention such fabrics should be made from fibres which will not only withstand those conditions of the process of this present
invention but will also withstand those conditions to which the pile
will be subjected during specific enduse conditions.
For example,technical yarns and technical backing fabrics can be based
on polyester fibres for some less critical enduses,whilst the use of glass fibres or aramid fibres either alone or in their various combinations
would be necessary when ore severe end use conditions are envisaged for
the pile fabrics which are tc be produced by the process of this invention.
(g). Technical backcoatings.A technical backcoating may De used to ccat
the non-pile side of the pile fabric prior to its treatment by the process
of this invention.Such backocatings can be emulsions or solutions of
synthetic polymer resins wnich are applied by roller or by spray onto the
non-pile side of the precursor pile fabric removin.-- the water or
solvent the polymers form a cured film which provides better fibre
anchorage and fabric flatness and width stability for presentation to the
subsequent process of this present invention H.ot-melt polymers in pcwder form can also be used to achieve the same ends.The type of technical back coasting used is chosen so as not to reduce te fire resistance
of the non-pile side of the pile fabric after its subsequent treatment
according to the process of this present invention.
(h). Sharing. Shearing is a conventional intermediate finishing process
for pile fabrics,which is designed to cut the surface of pile fabrics to
a uniform height. Patterned shearing may also be used to provide areas
of different pile heights across the width and along the len-th of the
tile fabric surface.Snearin is an integral part of te process cf the
present invention in so far as the prior shearing o the pile surface
improves te presentation of the pile and hence the effectiveness of the
hot drawing action of the rotary polishin process which follows it.
(i). Pile fabric constructional parameters.or the purposes of the present invention it is an embodiment that the process of this invention is applicable to a wide range of pile fabric types whose constructional
parameters may be altered to provide a very wide range of fabric qualities
and constructions. Such parameters are fibre diameter,fibre weight per unit
of length,fibre length,and technical backing yarns,and in a wide range of pile heights,pile densities,weights per unit of area,and technical
back-coatings,all selected to satisfy the technical end-use requirements
for the fabrics which are produced by the process of the present invention
and articles made from such fabrics either before or after the process
of this invention.
(j). Drawn fibre.For the purposes of the present invention drawn pile
fibre refers to polyacrylonitrile pile fibres which are stretched
to near the limit of plastic flow such as occurs during the rotary polishing operation of the process of the present invention.
Cold drawing can occur if the fluted is intentionally not heated
Hot drawing occurs if the fluted roller is heated.If the fluted roller
is heated to a sufficiently high temperature the polyacrylonitrile pile
wi+h which it is in momentary contact is thereby heated to beyond its
second-ordrer transition temperature and plastic flow aid molecular orientation take place more readily.In this latter condition inter
molecular re-stucturing and bond formation is more readily acheived, as well
as intra-molecular restructuring, to form the so called oxidised for
during the prolonged heating stage of the process of this present
invention.
Hot drawn precursor polyacrylonitrile fibre yarns may ale be used as the
technical backing yarn for the polyacrylonitrile pile fibre pile fabrics
of the present invention. The prolonged heating stage of the process of
of te present invention thus produce pile fabrics which are entirely
of oxidised polyacrylonitrile fibre in both the pile and in the technical backing.Such fabrics not only have the desirable properties of the pile
fabrics produced by the process of the present invention but thereby
also form ideal Precursor fabrics for conversion to 100% carbon fibre and
graphite fibre pile fabric structures wnich will have very important end uses when used alone or as resin-binders for a wide range of high
performance spefl,ia ty engineering co-conents since the fibres are
presented effectively as an array in three dimensions.
specific embodyment of the invention will now be described for one of the
many types of pile fabrics to which the invention applies by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawing in which:
Figure 1 shows the relatively disorganised state of the pile fibres of a
precursor pile fabric and the likely condition at the molecular
level of a single fibre within it.
Figure 2 shows the more organised condition of the pile fibres of a
precursor pile fabric following preliminary preparatory processes
and the likely condition at the molecular level of a single fibre
within it.
Figure 3 shows the action of the rotary polishing step of the two step
process on the organisation and straightening of the pile fibres
of the precursor pile fabric and the likely condition at the
molecular level of a single fibre within it.
Figure 4 shows the chemical nature of a single polyacrylonitrile fibre after the rotary polishing step of the two-step process and
before the subsequent prolonged heating step of the prccess.
Figure 5 shows likely chemical structures of a single fibre after both
the rotary polishing step and the prolonged heating step of
the process.
Figure 6 shows the fle-barrier and heat insulating effects of a glove
with the pile side outer::ost,which s made from fabric treated
by the process.
Figure 7 shows the flane-barrier and heat insulating effect of a glove
with the pile side innermost, which is made from doric treated
treated by the process.
Refering to the drawing a pile fabric is knitted in tubular form on a
circular multi-feed weft knitting machine fed with previously prepared
pile slivers comprising entirely of undyed polyacrylonitrile fibres
supplied as 5 denier with a mean fibre length of 27 mm.,at liver sliver
weight of approximately 16 gm.per linear metre and combined by the
knitting action of the machine with a technical backing yarn of 2/150 denier
continuous filament polyester fibre.
After slitting open the knitted tube alon its length the opened out
precursor pile fabric is placed in open width onto a parallel series of
moving pins which guide the fabric under widthways tension and pile-side
uppermost over the surface of a roller which rotates in a bath of acrylic
polymer resin emulsion in water at approximately 2 of solids content
and which depcsits a technical backcoating onto the pile fibres, which
appear on the non-pile side of the precursor pile fabric, in order to bind
the fibres into the ground of the pile fabric.This is acheived by continuing
to gull e the backcoated precursor pile fabric through an oven wit hot
air circulation systems whereby the water is removed fro the technical
back cc2tin6 to deposit a dry polymer film at the approximate rate of
50 grammes per square metre of precursor pile fabric.
The backooated fabric 10 is subjected to preparatory shearing of the pile.
It is recognised that pile fabric preparatory processes such as steaming,
brushing, shearing, may be carried out in part before backcoating as well as
after backcoating in a variety of combinations and sequencies according to the type of pile fabric being processed and the finished appearance desired.or the purpose of the present example the precursor pile fabric
is only sheared by way of preparation cf the pile 11 in readiness for its
presentation to the first part cf the two-part process which is the subject
of this invention.The precursor pile fabric so prepared 11 is now
subjected to the first part of this two part invention by subJecting the
pile side of the prepared pile fabric to the hot drawing action of the
rapidly rotating heated and fluted roller of z rotary polishing machine.
Shearing and rotary are repeated until the desired pile drawing effect
is obtained 12 either by using ore shearing machine and one rotary
polishing machine more than once on the s-e length of fabric or to provide a series of rotary polishing machines with intermediate shearing 5 or the
single passage and multiple treatment of one length of pile fabric.For example, four such rotary polishing passages are used by increasing step wie the first roller temperature of 120 degrees Ce' sius fro one passage to the next until at the final passage tfle roller terperature is at
180 degrees Celsius and with intermediate shearing if necessary.
The hot drawn readily flammable pile fabric is rcw ready for the second stage of the process in which the hot drawn and prepared pile fabric 12 with polyacrylonitrile fibre in the pile 13 is converted to the oxidised form of polyacrylonitrile fibre in the pile 14,
At this point the fabric so prepared 12 is cut into panels or made-up
into preformed articles and placed on trays, with sufficient free space
between each tray to permit good air circulationssinside a well insulated
oven which is provided with the means of forced air circulation and close control over temperature. Alternatively, the fabric 12 is festooned
on a special frame prior to its introduction to the oven space.
The required temperature of 225 degrees Celsius is reached within 20 minutes and is thereafter maintained at tat temperature + 2 degrees
Celsius for a period of 5^ hours during wnich the pile becomes black
shrinkage in length and width takes place as well as sore weight loss and the oxidised form of polyacrylonitrile is realised in the pile of
the fabric 14.
after cooling , the fabric is flexible ?-d strong.A glove made from this fabric 14 incandesces under incident flame when the pile is outermost 15,
and with a hand wearing this glove it is possible to extinguish a burning domestic gas ring at full throttle and to pick up a domestic hand iron by its heated platen when at full scale temperature without in either
case an feeling of discomfort other than a slight sweating of the part of the hand within the glove.There is very little smoke release.
With the pile of the glove innermost 16 that part of the pile which appears on the non-pile side of the glove under which the technical
backing yarn is buried also incandesces under incident flame with no discomfort to the skin of the hand witnin the glove.However,heat conduction takes place from the outside to the inside surfaces of the fabric of the glove and after some five seconds the heat transfer is
such that the polyester technical backing yarn reaches its softening temperature and the fabric technical ground structure is then easily
stretched and then broken. More heat resistant fibres such as aramid or
glass fibre must be used for technical backing yarns and fabrics in
order to obtain full reversibility.
When the fabric of the glove 15 is subjected to coin-operated drycleaning
and washing cyles followed by drying the above observations are unchanged.
hen the glove is further subjected to alternating freezing and thawing cycles there is no effect on the observed properties given above.
3urying the glove in soil under warr and wet conditions also had no
effect on the observed properties given above after three weeks burial.
3Oth the pile side of the fabric and the non-pile side of the fabric
are very readily wetted by water and by oil.
Claims (1)
1 A process for the production of fire resisting pile fabrics by
the conversion of readily flammable precursor pile fabrics,wnich comprise entirely of polyacrylonitrile fibres in the pile,a technical
backing yarn to form the ground of the pile fabric,and with a technical
backcoating,into pile fabrics which consist mainly of well oriented oxidised polyacrylonitrile fibre in the pile by subjecting the pile fibres of the precursor pile fabric to the drawing action of arapidly rotating heated and fluted roller followed by the heating of the entire pile fabric in air at a temperature of 225t 5 degrees Celsius for a period of from 5 hours to 6 hours.In addition to the observed excellent fire resistance of the pile fabric pile there is extremely low stoke release no fibre melting and excellent retention of thermal insulation and resistance to attack by micro-organisms.
2 A process for the production of fire resisting pile fabrics by the conversion of readily flammable precursor pile fabrics as in Claim 1 wherein a technical backing fabric is used to form the ground of the precursor pile fabric.
3 A process or the production cf fire resisting pile fabrics 5 the conversion of readily flammable precursor pile fabrics as claimed in Claim 1 or Claim 2 wherein the fire resisting,low smoke release, non melting,micro-organism attack resisting pile fabrics which result from the process ere taken as produced and then made-up into articles to provide for example flame-barrier low smoke panels,protective clothing, hoods,glcves, socks,curtains,blankets,upholstery foam-block covers and the like in domestic, industrial, commercial, institutional, military and
space fire risk and hot contact risk situations as well as filtration media for hot oil,hct chemical liquids,and hot gases.
4 A process for the production of fire resisting pile fabrics
by the conversion of readily flarzrjcle precursor pile fabrics as claimed
in any preceding claim, wherein the rotary polished precursor pile fabrics are first made-up into the articles described in Claim 3 and then subjected to the prolonged heating process.
= r process for the production of fire resisting pile fabrics
my the conversion of readily flammable precursor pile fabrics as claimed in any preceding claim,wherein the fabrics so produced articles made fro- them intain their propertes irrespective of whether the fire or heat source impinges on the pile side or cn the non-pile side of the
pile fabric and are thus effectively reversible more particularily so
when the technical backing yarn or fabric is composed of aramid or glass
fibres or the like.
6 A process for the production of fire resisting pile fabrics
by the conversion of readily flammable precursor pile fabrics as claimed
in any preceding claim,wherein the fabrics so produced and articles made
from them are further treated with water-repelling agents or oil and
water-repelling agents to impove their unitary fabric performance in
hostile weather conditions and working environments such as are encountered
on ships,oil-rigs 'and battleground environments.
7 A process for the production of fire resisting pile fabrics
by the conversion of readily flammable precursor pile fabrics as claimed
in any preceding claim, wherein the technical ground yarn of the readily
flammable precursor pile fabrics is in particular previously hot drawn
polyacrylonitrile yarn which along with the polyacry'onitriZe pile fibre
previously hot drawn by the hot rotary polishing part of the process of the present invention is ccnverted by the subsequent heating part of the
of the process of the present invention to give pile fabrics which consist
entirely of the so called oxidised form of polyacrylonitrile fibre wnich
have not only the claimed properties but also when further subjected to the far higher temperatures of carbonlsation and thereafter graphtis- ation to form fabrics consisting of carbon fibre and thereafter graphite fibre essential 1 in three-dimentional array which when used alone or
as binders for resins will produce a basis for a wide range of speciality
engineering components for many end-uses.
8 A process for the production of fire resisting pile fabrics
by the conversion of readily flammable precursor pile fabrics suhtantilly as described herein with reference to Figures - # cf the accompanying drawing.
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB8723020A GB2212161A (en) | 1987-10-01 | 1987-10-01 | Fire resistant pile fabrics |
EP19880908300 EP0390782A1 (en) | 1987-10-01 | 1988-09-30 | Fire resistant pile fabrics |
PCT/GB1988/000801 WO1989002948A1 (en) | 1987-10-01 | 1988-09-30 | Fire resistant pile fabrics |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB8723020A GB2212161A (en) | 1987-10-01 | 1987-10-01 | Fire resistant pile fabrics |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
GB8723020D0 GB8723020D0 (en) | 1987-11-04 |
GB2212161A true GB2212161A (en) | 1989-07-19 |
Family
ID=10624625
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
GB8723020A Withdrawn GB2212161A (en) | 1987-10-01 | 1987-10-01 | Fire resistant pile fabrics |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0390782A1 (en) |
GB (1) | GB2212161A (en) |
WO (1) | WO1989002948A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20090298370A1 (en) * | 2008-06-03 | 2009-12-03 | Mmi-Ipco, Llc | Flame Retardant Fabrics |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB861019A (en) * | 1956-06-05 | 1961-02-15 | Collins & Aikman Corp | Production of fur-effect fabrics |
US3647770A (en) * | 1968-11-21 | 1972-03-07 | Celanese Corp | Process for formation of a cyclized acrylic fibrous material |
GB1326284A (en) * | 1970-03-02 | 1973-08-08 | Bunker Ramo | Treatmetn of pile fabrics |
GB2116592A (en) * | 1981-12-24 | 1983-09-28 | Toho Beslon Co | Acrylonitrile fibers, a process for producing acrylonitrile fibers, as well as producing preoxidized fibers, fibrous active carbon or carbon fibers therefrom |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2014204B (en) * | 1977-12-20 | 1982-04-28 | Courtaulds Ltd | Flame and heat resistant fabric |
GB2078801B (en) * | 1980-06-27 | 1984-11-28 | Freeman Keith George | Fire retardant fabric |
JPS58214525A (en) * | 1982-06-07 | 1983-12-13 | Toray Ind Inc | Production of carbon fiber |
US4513042A (en) * | 1984-07-23 | 1985-04-23 | Glenoit Mills, Inc. | Nonflammable sliver knit high pile fabric |
DE3538794C1 (en) * | 1985-10-31 | 1986-10-02 | Rohleder, Klaus, Dipl.-Kaufm., 8684 Konradsreuth | Velor and method of making the same |
-
1987
- 1987-10-01 GB GB8723020A patent/GB2212161A/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1988
- 1988-09-30 EP EP19880908300 patent/EP0390782A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1988-09-30 WO PCT/GB1988/000801 patent/WO1989002948A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB861019A (en) * | 1956-06-05 | 1961-02-15 | Collins & Aikman Corp | Production of fur-effect fabrics |
US3647770A (en) * | 1968-11-21 | 1972-03-07 | Celanese Corp | Process for formation of a cyclized acrylic fibrous material |
GB1326284A (en) * | 1970-03-02 | 1973-08-08 | Bunker Ramo | Treatmetn of pile fabrics |
GB2116592A (en) * | 1981-12-24 | 1983-09-28 | Toho Beslon Co | Acrylonitrile fibers, a process for producing acrylonitrile fibers, as well as producing preoxidized fibers, fibrous active carbon or carbon fibers therefrom |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
GB8723020D0 (en) | 1987-11-04 |
WO1989002948A1 (en) | 1989-04-06 |
EP0390782A1 (en) | 1990-10-10 |
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