GB2208653A - Phosphate free or low phosphate laundry detergent - Google Patents

Description

P 12941 22 08653 1.

"PHOSPHATE FREE OR LOW PHOSPHATE LAUNDRY DETERGENT" The present invention relates to non-aqueous liquid fabric: reating compositions More particularly, the present invention relates to phosphate free or low phosphate non-aqueous liquid laundry detergent compositions containing a suspension of a heptonate builder salt, a carboxymethyloxy succinate builder salt, or an alginate builder salt in nonionic surfactants which compositions are easily pourable, are stable against phase separation and gelation and to the use of these compositions for cleaning soiled fabrics.

Liquid non-aqueous heavy duty laundry detergent compositions are well known in the art For instance, compositions of that type may comprise a liquid nonionic surfactant in which are dispersed particles of a builder, as shown for instance in the U.S Patents Nos 4,316,812; 3,630,929; 4,264,466; and British Patents Nos 1,205,711; 1,270,040 and 1,600,981.

The washing power of synthetic nonionic surfactant detergents in laundry detergent composi- tions can be increased by the addition of builders.

Sodium tripolyphosphate is one of the preferred builders However, the use of sodium polyphosphate in dry powder detergents does involve several disadvantages such as, for example, the tendency of the polyphosphates to hydrolyse into pyro and ortho- phosphates which represent less valuable builders.

In addition the polyphosphate content of laundry 30.

P 12941 2.

detergents has-been blamed for the undesirably high phosphate content of surface water An increased phosphate content in surface water has been found to contribute towards greater algal growth with the result that the biological equilibrium of the water can be adversely altered.

Recently enacted government legislation has been directed to reducing the amount of polyphosphates present in laundry detergents and in some jurisdictions in which polyphosphates have been a problem to require that the laundry detergents not contain any polyphosphate builders.

Liquid detergents are often considered to be more convenient to employ than dry powdered or parti- culate products and, therefore, have found substantial favour with consumers They are readily measurable, speedily dissolved in the wash water, capable of being easily applied in concentrated solutions or dispersions to soiled areas on garments to be laundered and are non-dusting, and they usually occupy less storage space Additionally, the liquid detergents may have incorporated in their formula- tions materials which could not stand drying opera- tions without deterioration, which materials are often desirably employed in the manufacture of particulate detergent products Although they are possessed of many advantages over unitary or particulate solid products, liquid detergents often have certain inherent disadvantages too, which have to be overcome to produce acceptable commercial P 12941 3.

detergent products Thus, some such products separate out on storage and others separate out on cooling and are not readily redispersed In some cases the product viscosity changes and it becomes either too thick to pour or so thin as to appear watery Some clear products become cloudy and others gel on standing.

In addition to the problem of settling or phase separation the non-aqueous liquid laundry detergents based on liquid nonionic surfa 6 tants suffer from the drawback that the nonionics tend to gel when added to cold water This is a particularly important problem in the ordinary use of European household automatic washing machines where the user places the laundry detergent composition in a dispensing unit (e g a dispensing drawer) of the machine During the operation of the machine the detergent in the dispenser is subjected to a stream of cold water to transfer it to the main body of wash solution.

Especially during the winter months when the detergent composition and water fed to the dispenser are particularly cold, the detergent viscosity increases markedly and a gel forms As a result some of the composition is not flushed completely off the dispenser during operation of the machine, and a deposit of the composition builds up with repeated wash cycles, eventually requiring the user to flush the dispenser with hot water.

The gelling phenomenon can also be a problem whenever it is desired to carry out washing using P 12941 4.

cold water as may be recommended for certain synthetic and delicate fabrics of fabrics which can shrink in warm or hot water.

The tendency of concentrated detergent composi- tions to gel during storage is aggravated by storing the compositions in unheated storage areas, or by shipping the compositions during winter months in unheated transportation vehicles.

Partial solutions to the gelling problem in aqueous, substantially builder-free compositions have been proposed, for example, diluting the liquid nonionic with certain viscosity controlling solvents and gel-inhibiting agents, such as lower alkanols, e.g ethyl alcohol (see U S Patent 3,953,380), alkali metal formates and adipates (see U S Patent 4,368,147), hexylene glycol or polyethylene glycol, and nonionic structure modification and optimisation.

As an example of nonionic surfactant modification one particularly successful result has been achieved by acidifying the hydroxyl moiety end group of the nonionic molecule The advantages of introducing a carboxylic acid at the end of the nonionic include gel inhibition upon dilution; decreasing the nonionic pour point; and formation of an anionic surfactant when neutralised in the washing liquor Nonionic structure optimisation has centred on the chain length of the hydrophobic-lipophilic moiety and the number and make-up of alkylene oxide (e g ethylene oxide) units of the hydrophilic moiety For example, it has been found that a C 13 fatty alcohol P 12941 5.

ethoxylated with 8 moles of ethylene oxide presents only a limited tendency to gel formation.

Nevertheless, improvements are desired in the stability, and gel inhibition of phosphate free or low phosphate non-aqueous liquid fabric treating compositions.

In accordance with the present invention a highly concentrated low phosphate, more particularly a polyphosphate detergent builder free, non-aqueous liquid laundry detergent composition is prepared by dispersing heptonate builder salts, carboxymethyloxy succinate builder salts, or alginate builder salts in a liquid nonionic surfactant detergent.

The heptonic acid salts used in accordance with the present invention are well known The heptonic acid is an acid derivative of an aldoheptose (monosaccharide) The alkali metal salts of heptonic acid are water soluble.

The alkali metal heptonic acid salts used in the present invention have the general formula H I H-C-OH I (H-C-OH)5 I O=C-OM wherein M is an alkali metal or ammonium cation.

P 12941 6.

The carboxymethyloxy succinic acid salts used in accordance with the present invention are known The alkali metal and ammonium salts of carboxymethyloxy succinic acid are water soluble.

The carboxymethyloxy succinic acid salts used in the present invention have the general formula MOOC-CH-COOM I CH 30-CH-COOM wherein M is hydrogen, an alkali metal, such as sodium or potassium, or ammonium cation, and at least one M is an alkali metal or ammonium cation.

The alginic acid salts used in accordance with the present invention are well known The alginate is a polysaccharide extract from sea weeds The alkali metal salts of alginic acid are water soluble The alginate is extracted from sea weeds in the form of mixed salts comprising calcium and magnesium.

In order to improve the viscosity characteristics of the composition an acid terminated nonionic surfactant can be added To further improve the viscosity characteristics of the composition and the storage properties of the composition there can be added to the composition viscosity improving and anti-gel agents such as alkylene glycol monoalkyl ethers and anti-settling agents such as phosphoric acid esters and aluminium stearate In a preferred P 12941 7.

embodiment of the present invention the detergent composition contains an acid terminated nonionic surfactant and/or an alkylene glycol monoalkyl ether, and an anti-settling agent.

Sanitizing or bleaching agents and activators therefore can be added to improve the bleaching and cleansing characteristics of the composition.

In one embodiment of the invention the builder components of the composition are ground to a particle size of less than 100 microns and to preferably less than 10 microns to further improve the stability of the suspension of the builder components in the liquid nonionic surfactant detergent.

In addition other ingredients can be added to the composition such as anti-incrustation agents, anti-foam agents, optical brighteners, enzymes, anti- redeposition agents, perfume and dyes.

The presently manufactured washing machines for home use normally operate at washing temperatures of up to 100 'C Up to 18 5 gallons ( 70 litres) of water are used during the wash and rinse cycles.

About 175 grams of powder detergent per wash is normally used.

In accordance with the present invention where the highly concentrated liquid detergent is used normally only about 100 grams ( 77 ml) or less of the liquid detergent composition is required to wash a full load of dirty laundry.

Accordingly, in one aspect of the present P 12941 8.

invention there is provided a phosphate builder-free or substantially phosphate builder-free liquid heavy duty laundry composition comprising a suspension of an alkali metal heptonic acid builder salt, an alkali metal carboxymethyloxy succinic acid builder salt, or an alkali metal alginic acid builder salt in liquid nonionic surfactant.

The invention has the advantage of providing a phosphate free or low phosphate concentrated liquid heavy duty laundry detergent composition which is of improved stability, of less tendency to settle in storage and of less tendency to gel in storage and in use The liquid compositions of the present invention are easily pourable, easily measured and easily put into the washing machine.

The invention also provides a method for dispensing a phosphate free or low phosphate liquid nonionic laundry detergent composition into and/or with cold water with less tendency to undergo gelation In particular, a method is provided for filling a container with a non-aqueous liquid laundry detergent composition in which the detergent is composed, at least predominantly, of a polyphosphate builder free liquid nonionic surface active agent and for dispensing the composition from the container into an aqueous wash bath, wherein the dispensing is effected by directing a stream of unheated water onto the composition such that the composition is carried by the stream of water into the wash bath.

The polyphosphate builder free detergent P 12941 9.

compositions overcome the problem of phosphate pollution of surface water.

The present invention aims to provide a low poly- phosphate, more particularly a polyphosphate free non-polluting liquid heavy duty non-aqueous nonionic detergent composition containing heptonate builder salt, carboxymethyloxy succinate builder salt, or alginate builder salt suspended in a nonionic surfactant.

The invention also aims to provide polyphos- phate free or low polyphosphate liquid fabric treating compositions which are suspensions of heptonate builder salt, carboxymethyloxy succinate builder salt, or alginate builder salt in a non- aqueous liquid and which are storage stable, easily pourable and dispersible in cold, warm or hot water.

The invention also aims to formulate a polyphos- phate free or low polyphosphate highly built heavy duty non-aqueous liquid nonionic surfactant laundry detergent compositions which can be poured at a wide range of temperatures and which can be repeatedly dispersed from the dispensing unit of European style automatic laundry washing machines with less tendency to fouling or plugging of the dispenser even during the winter months.

The invention further aims to provide polyphos- phate free or low polyphosphate suspensions of heavy duty built non-aqueous liquid nonionic laundry detergent composition of less tendency to gel and of improved stability which include an effective amount P 12941 10.

of heptonate builder salt, carboxymethyloxy succinate builder salt, or alginate builder salt.

The invention also aims to provide suspensions of heavy duty built non-aqueous liquid nonionic laundry detergent composition of less tendency to gel and of improved stability which include an amount of phosphoric acid alkanol ester and/or aluminium fatty acid salt anti-settling agent which is sufficient to further increase the stability of the composition, i e prevent settling of builder particles, etc, preferably while reducing or at least without increasing the plastic viscosity of the composition.

According to a preferred form of the present invention there is prepared a low polyphosphate or polyphosphate free detergent builder composition by adding to the non-aqueous liquid nonionic surfactant an effective amount of an alkali metal heptonate builder salt, a carboxymethyl succinate builder salt, or an alkali metal alginate builder salt and inorganic or organic fabric treating additives, e g.

viscosity improving and anti-gel agents, anti- settling agents, anti-incrustation agents, bleaching agents, bleach activators, anti-foam agents, optical brighteners, enzymes, anti-redeposition agents, perfume and dyes.

The nonionic synthetic organic detergents employed in the practice of the present invention may be any of a wide variety of such compounds, which are well known.

The nonionic synthetic organic detergents employed in the practice of the invention may be any P 12941 11.

of a wide variety of such compounds, which are well known and, for example, are described at length in the text Surface Active Agents, Vol II,by Schwartz, Perry and Berch, published in 1958 by Interscience Publishers, and in McCutcheon's Detergents and Emulsifiers, 1969 Annual, the relevant disclosures of which are hereby incorporated by reference.

As is well known, the nonionic synthetic organic detergents are characterised by the presence of an organic hydrophobic group and an organic hydrophilic group and are typically produced by the condensation of an organic aliphatic or alkyl aromatic hydrophobic compound with ethylene oxide (hydrophilic in nature).

Practically any hydrophobic compound having a carboxy, hydroxy, amido or amino group with a free hydrogen attached to the nitrogen can be condensed with ethylene oxide or with the polyhydration product thereof, polyethylene glycol, to form a nonionic detergent The length of the hydrophilic or polyoxy ethylene chain can be readily adjusted to achieve the desired balance between the hydrophobic and hydrophilic groups Typical suitable nonionic surfactants are those disclosed in U S Patents 4,316,812 and 3,630,929.

Usually, the nonionic detergents are poly-lower alkoxylated lipophiles wherein the desired hydrophile- lipophile balance is obtained by addition of a hydro- philic poly-lower alkoxy group to a lipophilic moiety A preferred class of the nonionic detergent employed is the poly-lower alkoxylated higher alkanol P 12941 12.

wherein the alkanol is of 9 to 18 carbon atoms and wherein the number of mols of lower alkylene oxide (of 2 or 3 carbon atoms) is from 3 to 12 Of such materials it is preferred to employ those wherein the higher alkanol is a higher fatty alcohol of 9 to 11 or 12 to 15 carbon atoms and which contain from 5 to 8 or 5 to 9 lower alkoxy groups per mol Preferably, the lower alkoxy is ethoxy but in some instances, it may be desirably mixed with propoxy, the latter, if present, usually being a minor (less than 50 %O)propor- tion.

Exemplary of such compounds are those wherein the alkanol is of 12 to 15 carbon atoms and which contain about 7 ethylene oxide groups per mole, e g.

Neodol (Registered Trade Mark) 25-7 and Neodol 23-6 5, which products are made by Shell Chemical Company, Inc The former is a condensation product of a mixture of higher fatty alcohols averaging about 12 to 15 carbon atoms, with about 7 moles of ethylene oxide and the latter is a corresponding mixture wherein the carbon atom content of the higher fatty alcohol is 12 to 13 and the number of ethylene oxide groups present averages about 6 5 The higher alcohols are primary alkanols Other examples of such detergents include Tergitol (Registered Trade Mark) 15-S-7 and Tergitol 15-S-9, both of which are linear secondary alcohol ethoxylates made by Union Carbide Corp The former is a mixed ethoxylation product of 11 to 15 carbon atoms linear secondary alkanol with seven moles of ethylene oxide and the P 12941 13.

latter is a similar product but with nine moles of ethylene oxide being reacted.

Also useful in the compositions of the present invention as a component of the nonionic detergent 5, are higher molecular weight nonionics, such as Neodol 45-11, which are similar ethylene oxide condensation products of higher fatty alcohols, with the higher fatty alcohol being of 14 to 15 carbon atoms and the number of ethylene oxide groups per mol being about 11 Such products are also made by Shell Chemical Company.

Other useful nonionics are represented by the commercially well known class of nonionics sold under the trademark Plurafac (Registered Trade Mark) The Plurafacs are the reaction product of a higher linear alcohol and a mixture of ethylene and propylene oxides, containing a mixed chain of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide, terminated by a hydroxyl group.

Examples include Plurafac RA 30 (a C 13-C 15 fatty alcohol condensed with 6 moles ethylene oxide and 3 moles proylene oxide), Plurafac RA 40 (a C 13-C 15 fatty alcohol condensed with 7 moles propylene oxide and 4 moles ethylene oxide), and Plurafac D 25 (a C 13-C 15 fatty alcohol condensed with 5 moles propylene oxide and 10 moles ethylene oxide).

Another group of liquid nonionics are commer- cially available from Shell Chemical Company, Inc.

under the Dobanol trade mark: Dobanol 91-5 is an ethoxylated C 9-Cll fatty alcohol with an average of 5 moles ethylene oxide; and Dobanol 25-7 is an ethoxy- P 12941 14.

lated C 12-C 15 fatty alcohol with an average of 7 moles ethylene oxide.

In the preferred poly-lower alkoxylated higher alkanols, to obtain the best balance of hydrophilic and lipophilic moieties the number of lower alkoxies will usually be from 40 % to 100 % of the number of carbon atoms in the higher alcohol, preferably 40 to % thereof and the nonionic detergent will preferably contain at least 50 % of such preferred poly-lower alkoxy higher alkanol Higher molecular weight alkanols and various other normally solid nonionic detergents and surface active agents may be contributory to gelation of the liquid detergent and consequently, will preferably be omitted or limited in quantity in the compositions of the present invention, although minor proportions thereof may be employed for their cleaning properties With respect to both preferred and less preferred nonionic deter- gents the alkyl groups present therein are generally linear although branching may be tolerated, such as at a carbon next to or two carbons removed from the terminal carbon of the straight chain and away from the ethoxy chain, if such branched alkyl is not more than three carbons in length Normally, the propor- tion of carbon atoms in such a branched configuration will be minor rarely exceeding 20 % of the total carbon atom content of the alkyl group Similarly, although linear alkyls which are terminally joined to the ethylene oxide chains are highly preferred and are considered to result in the best combination of P 12941 15.

detergency, biodegradability and non-gelling charac- teristics, medial or secondary joinder to the ethylene oxide in the chain may occur It is usually in only a minor proportion of such alkyls, generally less than 20 % but, as is in the case of the mentioned Tergitols, may be greater Also, when propylene oxide is present in the lower alkylene oxide chain, it will usually be less than 20 % thereof and prefer- ably less than 10 % thereof.

When greater proportions of non-terminally alkoxylated alkanols, propylene oxide-containing poly- lower alkoxylated alkanols and less hydrophile-lipo- phile balanced nonionic detergents than mentioned above are employed and when other nonionic detergents are used instead of the preferred nonionics recited herein, the product resulting may not have as good detergency, stability, viscosity and non-gelling properties as the preferred compositions but use of the viscosity and gel controlling compounds of the present invention can also improve the properties of the detergents based on such nonionics In some cases, as when a higher molecular weight poly-lower alkoxylated higher alkanol is employed, often for its detergency, the proportion thereof will be regulated or limited as in accordance with the results of routine experiments, to obtain the desired detergency and still have the product non-gelling and of desired viscosity Also, it has been found that it is only rarely necessary to utilise the higher molecular weight nonionics for their detergent properties since P 12941 16.

the preferred nonionics described herein are excellent detergents and additionally, permit the attainment of the desired viscosity in the liquid detergent without gelation at low temperatures.

Another useful group of nonionic surfactants are the "Surfactant T" series of nonionics available from British Petroleum The Surfactant T nonionics are obtained by the ethoxylation of secondary C 13 fatty alcohols having a narrow ethylene oxide distribution The Surfactant T 5 has an average of 5 moles of ethylene oxide; Surfactant T 7 an average of 7 moles of ethylene oxide; Surfactant T 9 an average of 9 moles of ethylene oxide and Surfactant T 12 an average of 12 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of secondary C 13 fatty alcohol.

In the compositions of the present invention, preferred noninic surfactants include the C 13-C 15 secondary fatty alcohols with relatively narrow contents of ethylene oxide in the range of from about 7 to 9 moles, and the C 9 to C 11 fatty alcohols ethoxylated with about 5-6 moles ethylene oxide.

Mixtures of two or more of the liquid nonionic surfactants can be used and in some cases advantages can be obtained by the use of such mixtures.

The viscosity and gel properties of the liquid detergent compositions can be improved by including in the composition an effective amount of an acid terminated liquid nonionic surfactant The acid terminated nonionic surfactants consist of a nonionic surfactant which has been modified to convert a free P 12941 17.

hydroxyl group thereof to a moiety having a free carboxyl group, such as an ester or a partial ester of a nonionic surfactant and a polycarboxylic acid or anhydride.

As disclosed in the commonly assigned copending application U S Serial No 597,948 filed 9th April, 1984, corresponding to G B Application No 85 09084 Serial No 2158454 A, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference, the free carboxyl group modified nonionic surfactants, which may be broadly characterised as polyether carboxylic acids, function to lower the temperature at which the liquid nonionic forms a gel with water.

The addition of the acid terminated nonionic surfactants to the liquid nonionic surfactant aids in the dispensibility of the composition, i e.

pourability, and lowers the temperature at which the liquid nonionic surfactants form a gel in water without a decrease in their stability against settling The acid terminated nonionic surfactant reacts in the washing machine water with the alkalinity of the dispersed builder salt phase of the detergent compositions and acts as an effective anionic surfactant.

Specific examples include the half-esters of Plurafac RA 30 with succinic anhydride, the ester or half ester of Dobanol 25-7 with succinic anhydride, and the ester or half ester of Dobanol 91-5 with succinic anhydride Instead of succinic anhydride, other polycarboxylic acids or anhydrides can be used, P 12941 18.

e.g maleic acid, maleic acid anhydride, citric acid and the like.

The acid terminated nonionic surfactants can be prepared as follows:

Acid Terminated Plurafac RA 30 400 g of Plurafac RA 30 nonionic surfactant which is a C 13 to C 15 alkanol which has been alkoxylated to introduce 6 ethylene oxide and 3 propylene oxide units per alkanol unit is mixed with 32 g of succinic anhydride and heated for 7 hours at 100 C The mixture is cooled and filtered to remove unreacted succinic material Infrared analysis indicated that about one half of the nonionic surfactant has been converted to the acidic half-ester thereof.

Acid Terminated Dobanol 25-7 522 g of Dobanol 25-7 nonionic surfactant which is the product of ethoxylation of a C 12 to C 15 alkanol and has about 7 ethylene oxide units per molecule of alkanol is mixed with l O Og of succinic anhydride and O lg of pyridine (which acts as an esterification catalyst) and heated at 260 C for 2 hours, cooled and filtered to remove unreacted succinic material Infrared analysis indicates that substantially all the free hydroxyls of the surfactant have reacted.

Acid Terminated Dobanol 91-5 1 OO Og of Dobanol 91-5 nonionic surfactant which is the product of ethoxylation of a C 9 to Cll alkanol and has about 5 ethylene oxide units per molecule of alkanol is mixed with 265 g of succinic anhydride and O lg of pyridine catalyst and heated at 260 C for 2 hours, cooled and P 12941 20.

have the following general formula MOOC-CH-COOM I CH 30-CH-COOM wherein M is a member selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkali metal and ammonium cation, and at least one M is an alkali metal or ammonium The preferred alkali metals are sodium and potassium, with sodium being the more preferred The mono, di and trisodium salts can be used, with the trisodium salt being themost preferred.

A specific example of a carboxymethyloxy succinic acid salt that can be used is Na-OOC-CH-COO-Na I CH 30-Ck I-COO-Na 20.

Still other preferred organic builder salts comprise alkali metal salts of alginic acid, preferably the sodium and potassium salts The sodium alginate is a well known product, is readily available and has many known uses The sodium alginate is also known as sodium polymannuronate.

The polymannuronic acid can have a molecular weight of approximately 240,000.

The alginic acid is extracted from giant brown sea weed (giant kelp macrocystis pyrifera (L) Ag P 12941 19.

filtered to remove unreacted succinic material.

Infrared analysis indicated that substantially all the free hydroxyls of the surfactant have reacted.

Other esterification catalysts, such as an alkali metal alkoxide (e g sodium methoxide) may be used in place of, or in admixture with, the pyridine.

The acidic polyether compound, i e the acid terminated nonionic surfactant is preferably added dissolved in the nonionic surfactant.

The liquid non-aqueous nonionic surfactant used in the compositions of the present invention has dispersed and suspended therein fine particles of organic and/or inorganic detergent builder salts.

The present invention includes as an essential part of the composition an organic heptonate builder salt, an organic carboxymethyloxy succinate builder salt, or an organic alginate builder salt.

Preferred organic builder salts comprise alkali metal salts of heptonic acid, preferably the sodium and potassium salts Other monosaccharide acid salts that can be used are any monosaccharide acid salts with a longer chain A specific example of mono- saccharide acid salts is heptonic acid sodium salt.

Other preferred organic builder salts comprise alkali metal or ammonium salts of carboxymethyloxy succinic acid, preferably the trisodium salt. The carboxymethyloxy succinic acid salts used in the detergent

compositions of the present invention 30.

P 12941 22.

commercially available under the tradename of Sokalan CP 5 This builder serves when used even in small amounts to inhibit encrustation, i e as an anti- encrustation agent.

Since the compositions of the present invention are generally highly concentrated, and, therefore, may be used at relatively low dosages, it is desirable to supplement the builder with an auxiliary builder such as an alkali metal lower polycarboxylic acid having high calcium and magnesium binding capacity to inhibit incrustation which could otherwise be caused by formation of insoluble calcium and magnesium salts Suitable alkali metal polycarboxylic acids are alkali metal salts of citric and tartaric acid, e g monosodium citrate (anhydrous), trisodium citrate, glutaric acid salt, gluconic acid salt and diacid salt with longer chain.

Examples of organic alkaline sequestrant builder salts which can be used with the heptonate builder salts, carboxymethyloxy succinate builder salts, or alginate builder salts, or in admixture with other organic and inorganic builders are alkali metal, ammonium or substituted ammonium, aminopolycarboxy- late, e g sodium and potassium ethylene diaminetetraacetate (EDTA), sodium and potassium nitrilo- acetates (NTA) and triethanolammonium N-( 2-hydroxy- ethyl)nitrilodiacetates Mixed salts of these aminopolycarboxylates are also suitable.

30.

P 12941 21.

Lessoniaceae) in the form of mixed salts comprising calcium and magnesium alginic acid salts The alginate salts can also be extracted from horsetail kelp (Laminaria digitata (L) Lamour, Laminariaceae) and sugar kelp (Laminaria saccharina (L) Lamour).

The calcium and magnesium salts of alginic acid are readily converted to alkali metal salts, particularly sodium alginate by methods well known in the art.

The sodium alginate is a cream coloured powder which is soluble in water.

A specific example of an alkali metal alginic acid salt that can be used is COOM COOM 0 O H O OHO O HHH HO OHHO OHHO OH 0 0 COOM COOM 4 20.

M = Na (Manutex RH) Other organic builders that can be used are polymers and copolymers of polyacrylic acid and polymaleic anhydride and the alkali metal salts thereof More specifically such builder salts can consist of a copolymer which is the reaction product of about equal moles of methacrylic acid and maleic anhydride which has been completely neutralized to form the sodium salt thereof The builder is P 12941 23.

Other suitable builders of the organic type include carboxymethylsuccinates, tartronates and glycolates.

The detergent compositions of the present invention also include water soluble and/or water insoluble detergent builder salts Suitable inorganic alkaline builder salts which can be used are alkali metal carbonates, borates, bicarbonates and silicates (Ammonium or substituted ammonium salts can also be used) Specific examples of such salts are sodium carbonate, sodium tetraborate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium sesquicarbonate, and potassium bicarbonate.

The alkali metal silicates are useful builder salts which also function to make the composition anticorrosive to washing machine parts Sodium silicates of Na 2 O/Si O 2 ratios of from 1 6/1 to 1/3 2 especially about 1/2 to 1/2 8 are preferred.

Potassium silicates of the same ratios can also be used.

Though it is preferred that the detergent composition be phosphate or polyphosphate free or substantially polyphosphate free, small amounts of the conventional polyphosphate builder salts can be added where the local legislation permits such use.

Specific examples of such builder salts are sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP), sodium pyrophosphate, potassium pyrophosphate, potassium tripolyphosphate and sodium hexametaphosphate The sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP) is a preferred polyphosphate.

P 12941 24.

In the formulations where the polyphosphate is added it is added in an amount of 0 to 50 %, such as 0 to % and 5 to 15 As mentioned previously, however, it is preferred that the formulations be polyphosphate free or substantially polyphosphate free.

Other typical suitable builders include, for example, those disclosed in U S Patents 4,316,812, 4,264,466 and 3,630,929 The inorganic alkaline builder salts can be used with the nonionic surfactant detergent compound or in admixture with other organic or inorganic builder salts.

The water-insoluble crystalline and amorphous aluminosilicates can be used.

The zeolites generally have the formula:

(M 20)x -(A 12 03)y (Si O 2)z w H 20 wherein x is 1, y is from 0 8 to 1 2 and preferably 1, z is from 1 5 to 3 5 or higher and preferably 2 to 3 and W is from 0 to 9, preferably 2 5 to 6 and M is preferably sodium A typical zeolite is type A or similar structure, with type 4 A particularly preferred The preferred aluminosilicates have calcium ion exchange capacities of about 200 milli- equivalents per gram or greater, e g 400 meq/g.

Various crystalline zeolites (i e alumino- silicates) which can be used are described in British Patent 1,504,168, U S Patent 4,409,136 and Canadian Patents 1,072,835 and 1,087,477, all of which are P 12941 25.

hereby incorporated by reference for such descriptions An example of amorphous zeolites useful herein can be found in Belgian Patent 835,351 and this patent, too, is incorporated herein by reference.

Other materials such as clays, particularly of the water insoluble types, may be useful adjuncts in compositions of the present invention Particularly useful is bentonite This material is primarily montmorillonite which is a hydrated aluminium silicate in which about 1/6th of the aluminium atoms maybe replaced by magnesium atoms and with which varying amounts of hydrogen, sodium, potassium and calcium, may be loosely combined The bentonite in its more purified form (i e free from any grit, sand or the like) suitable for detergents invariably contains at least 50 % montmorillonite and thus its cation exchange capacity is at least about 50 to 75 meq per 100 g of bentonite Particularly preferred bentonites are the Wyoming or Western U S bentonites which have been sold as Thixojels 1, 2, 3 and 4 by Georgia Kaolin Co These bentonites are known to soften textiles as described in British Patent 401,413 to Marriott and British Patent 461,221 to Marriott and Dugan.

The inclusion in the detergent composition of an effective amount of low molecular weight amphiphilic compounds which function as viscosity control and gel- inhibiting agents for the nonionic surfactant substan- tially improves the storage properties of the composition.

P 12941 26.

The amphiphilic compounds can be considered to be analogous in chemical structure to the ethoxylated and/or propoxylated fatty alcohol nonionic surfactants but have relatively short hydrocarbon chain lengths (C 2-C 8) and a low content of ethylene oxide (about 2 to 6 ethylene oxide groups per molecule).

Suitable amphiphilic compounds can be represented by the following general formula:

10.

RO(CH 2 CH 20)n H where R represents a C 2-C 8 alkyl group, and N is a number of from about 1 to 6, on average.

Specifically the compounds are preferably low (C 2 to C 3) alkylene glycol mono lower (C 2 to C 5) alkyl ethers.

More specifically the compounds are preferably mono di or tri-lower (C 2 to C 3) alkylene glycol mono- lower (C 1 to C 5) alkyl ethers.

Specific examples of suitable amphiphilic compounds include ethylene glycol monoethyl ether (C 2 H 5-O-CH 2 CH 2 OH), diethylene glycol monobutyl ether (C 4 H 9-O-(CH 2 CH 2 o)2 H), tetraethylene glycol monobutyl ether (C 4 H 9-o-(CH 2 CH 2 o)4 H), and dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether CH 3-O-(CH 2 CHO)2 H.

I CH 3 Diethylene glycol monoethyl ether is especially preferred.

P 12941 27.

The inclusion in the composition of the low mole- cular weight lower alkylene glycol mono alkyl ether decreases the viscosity of the composition, such that it is more easily pourable, improves the stability against settling and improves the dispersibility of the composition on addition to warm water or cold water.

The compositions of the present invention have improved viscosity and stability characteristics and remain stable and pourable at temperatures as low as about 53 C.

The physical stability of the suspension of the detergent builder compound or compounds and any other suspended additive, such as bleaching agent, etc, in the liquid vehicle in accordance with the present invention may be improved by the presence of a stabilising agent which is an alkanol ester of phosphoric acid or an aluminium salt of a higher fatty acid.

Improvements in stability of the composition may be achieved in certain formulations by incorporation of a small effective amount of an acidic organic phosphorous compound having an acidic POH group, such as a partial ester of phosphorous acid and an alkanol.

As disclosed in the commonly assigned co-pending U.S Application Serial No 597,793 filed 6th April, 1984, corresponding to British Patent Application No.

85.09083, Serial No 2158453 A, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference, the acidic P 12941 28.

organic phosphorus compound having an acidic POH group can increase the stability of the suspension of builders in the non-aqueous liquid nonionic surfactant.

The acidic organic phosphorus compound may be, for instance, a partial ester of phosphoric acid and an alcohol such as an alkanol which has a lipophilic character having, for instance, more than 5 carbon atoms, e g 8 to 20 carbon atoms.

A specific example is a partial ester of phosphoric acid and a C 16 to C 18 alkanol (Empiphos 5632 from Marchon); it is made up of about 35 % monoester and 65 % diester.

The inclusion of quite small amounts of the acidic organic phosphorus compound makes the suspen- sion significantly more stable against settling on standing but remains pourable, while for the low concentration of stabiliser, e g below about 1 %, its plastic viscosity will generally decrease.

Improvements in the stability and anti-settling properties of the composition may be achieved by the addition of a small effective amount of an aluminium salt of a higher fatty acid to the composition.

The aluminium salt stabilizing agents are the subject matter of the commonly assigned copending application U S Serial No 725,455, filed 22nd April, 1985, corresponding to G B Application No.

86.04969 Serial No 2172897 A, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.

30.

P 12941 29.

The preferred higher aliphatic fatty acids will have from about 8 to about 22 carbon atoms, more preferably from about 10 to 20 carbon atoms, and especially preferably from about 12 to 18 carbon atoms The aliphatic radical may be saturated or unsaturated and may be straight or branched As in the case of the nonionic surfactants, mixtures of fatty acids may also be used, such as those derived from natural sources, such as tallow fatty acid, and coco fatty acid.

Examples of the fatty acids from which the aluminium salt stabilisers can be formed include, decanoic acid, dodecanoic acid, palmitic acid, myristic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, eicosanoic acid, tallow fatty acid, coco fatty acid and mixtures of these acids The aluminium salts of these acids are generally commercially available, and are prefer- ably used in the triacid form, e g aluminium stearate as aluminium tristearate Al(C 17 H 35 COO)3.

The monoacid salts, e g aluminium monostearate (Al(OH)2 (C 17 H 35 C Oo) and diacid salts, e g aluminium distearate, Al(OH)(C 17 H 35 C 00)2, and mixtures of two or three of the mono-, di and triacid aluminium salts can also be used It is most preferred, however, that the triacid aluminium salts comprises at least 30 %, preferably at least 50 %, especially preferably at least 80 % of the total amount of aluminium fatty acid salt.

The aluminium salts, as mentioned above, are commercially available and can be easily produced by, P 12941 30.

for example, saponifying a fatty acid, e g animal fat, stearic acid, etc, followed by treatment of the resulting soap with alum, alumina, etc.

Although the applicants do not wish to be bound by any particular theory of the manner by which the aluminium salt functions to prevent settling of the suspended particles, it is presumed that the aluminium salt increases the wettability of the solid surfaces by the nonionic surfactant This increase in wettability, therefore, allows the suspended particles to more easily remain in suspension.

Only very small amounts of the aluminium salt stabilising agent are required to obtain the signifi- cant improvement in physical stability.

In addition to its action as a physical stabilising agent, the aluminium salt has the addi- tional advantages over other physical stabilising agents that it is nonionic in character and is compatible with the nonionic surfactant component and does not interfere with the overall detergency of the composition; it exhibits some anti-foaming effect; it can function to boost the activity of fabric softeners, and it confers a longer relaxation time to the suspensions.

The bleaching agents are classified broadly, for convenience, as chlorine bleaches and oxygen bleaches Chlorine bleaches are typified by sodium hypochlorite (Na O Cl), potassium dichloroisocyanurate ( 59 % available chlorine), and trichloroisocyanuric acid ( 95 % available chlorine) Oxygen bleaches are P 12941 31.

preferred and are represented by percompounds which liberate hydrogen peroxide in solution Preferred examples include sodium and potassium perborates, percarbonates and perphosphates, and potassium monopersulphate The perborates, particularly sodium perborate monohydrate are especially preferred.

The peroxygen compound is preferably used in admixture with an activator therefor Suitable activators which can lower the effective operating temperature of the peroxide bleaching agent are disclosed in U S Patent 4,264,466 or in column 1 of U.S Patent 4,430,244, the relevant disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference Poly- acylated compounds are preferred activators; among these, compounds such as tetraacetyl ethylene diamine ("TAED") and pentaacetyl glucose are particularly preferred.

Other useful activators include, for example, acetylsalicylic acid derivatives, ethylidene benzoate acetate and its salts, ethylidene carboxylate acetate and its salts, alkyl and alkenyl succinic anhydride, tetraacetylglycouril ("TAGU"), and the derivatives of these Other useful classes of activators are disclosed, for example, in U S Patents 4,111,826; 4,422,950 and 3,661,789.

The bleach activator usually interacts with the peroxygen compound to form a peroxyacid bleaching agent in the wash water It is preferred to include a sequestering agent of high complexing power to inhibit any undesired reaction between such peroxy- P 12941 32.

acid and hydrogen peroxide in the wash solution in the presence of metal ions Suitable sequestering agents include, for example, sodium salts of nitrilo- triacetic acid (NTA), ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA), diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid (DETPA); diethylene triamine pentamethylene phosphonic acid (DTPMP); and ethylene diamine tetramethylene phosphonic acid (EDITEMPA) The sequestering agents can be used alone or in admixture.

In order to avoid loss of peroxide bleaching agent, e g sodium perborate, resulting from enzyme- induced decomposition, such as by catalase enzyme, the compositions may additionally include an enzyme inhibitor compound, i e a compound capable of inhibiting enzyme-induced decomposition of the peroxide bleaching agent Suitable inhibitor compounds are disclosed in U S Patent 3,606,990, the relevant disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.

Of special interest as the inhibitor compound, mention can be made of hydroxylamine sulphate and other water-soluble hydroxylamine salts In the preferred non-aqueous compositions of the present invention, suitable amounts of the hydroxylamine salt inhibitors can be as low as about 0 01 to 0 4 %.

Generally, however, suitable amounts of enzyme inhibitors are up to about 15 %, for example, 0 1 to %, by weight of the composition.

In addition to the detergent builders, various other detergent additives or adjuvants may be present P 12941 33.

in the detergent product to give it additional desired properties, either of functional or aesthetic nature Thus, there may be included in the formula- tion, minor amounts of soil suspending or anti-redepo- sition agents, e g polyvinyl alcohol, fatty amides, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose A preferred anti-redeposition agent is sodium carboxymethyl cellulose having a 2:1 ratio of CM/MC which is sold under the trade name Relatin DM 4050.

Optical brighteners for cotton, polyamide and polyester fabrics can be used Suitable optical brighteners include stilbene, triazole and benzidine sulphone compositios, especially sulphonated substituted triazinyl stilbene, sulphonated naphthotriazole stilbene or benzidine sulphone, most preferred are stilbene and triazole combinations.

Preferred brighteners are stilbene Brightener N 4 which is a dimorpholino dianilino stilbene sulphonate and Tinapal ATS-X which are well known in the art.

Enzymes, preferably proteolytic enzymes, such as subtilisin, bromelin, papain, trypsin and pepsin, as well as amylase type enzymes, lipase type enzymes, and mixtures thereof can be used Preferred enzymes include protease slurry, esperase slurry and amylase A preferred enzyme is Esperase SL 8 which is a protease Anti-foam agents, e g silicon compounds, such as Silicane L 7604 can also be added in small effective amounts.

30.

P 12941 34.

Bactericides, e g tetrachlorosalicylanilide and hexachlorophene; fungicides; dyes; pigments (water dispersible); preservatives; ultraviolet absorbers; anti-yellowing agents, such as sodium carboxymethyl cellulose; p H modifiers and p H buffers; colour safe bleaches, perfume and dyes and blueing agents such as ultramarine blue can be used.

The composition may also contain an inorganic insoluble thickening agent or dispersant of very high surface area such as finely divided silica of extremely fine particle size (e g of 5-100 milli- microns diameters such as sold under the name Aerosil (Registered Trade Mark)) or the other highly volumin- ous inorganic carrier materials disclosed in U S.

Patent 3,630,929, in proportions of 0 1-10 %, e g 1 to 5 % It is preferable, however, that compositions which form peroxyacids in the wash bath (e g composi- tions containing peroxygen compound and activator therefor) be substantially free of such compounds and of other silicates; it has been found, for instance, that silica and silicates promote the undesired decomposition of the peroxyacid.

The stability of the builder salts in the composition during storage and the dispersibility of the composition in water may be improved by grinding and reducing the particle size of the solid builders to less than 100 microns, preferably less than 40 microns and more preferably to less than 10 microns.

The solid builders are generally supplied in particle sizes of about 100, 200 or 400 microns The nonionic P 12941 35.

liquid surfactant phase can be mixed with the solid builders prior to or after carrying out the grinding operation.

In a preferred form of the invention, the mixture of liquid nonionic surfactant and solid ingredients is subjected to an attrition type of mill in which the particle sizes of the solid ingredients are reduced to less than about 10 microns, e g to an average particle size of 2 to 10 microns or even lower (e g 1 micron) Preferably less than about %, especially less than about 5 % of all the suspended particles have particle sizes greater than microns Compositions whose dispersed particles are of such small size have improved stability against separation or settling on storage Addition of the acid terminated nonionic surfactant compound aids in the dispersibility of the dispersions without a corresponding decrease in the dispersions stability against settling.

In the grinding operation, it is preferred that the proportion of solid ingredients be high enough (e.g at least about 40 % such as about 50 %) that the solid particles are in contact with each other and are not substantially shielded from one another by the nonionic surfactant liquids After the grinding step any remaining liquid nonionic surfactant can be added to the ground formulation Mills which employ grinding balls (ball mills) or similar mobile grinding elements have given very good results.

Thus, one may use a laboratory batch attritor having P 12941 36.

8 mm diameter steatite grinding balls For larger scale work a continuously operating mill in which there are 1 mm or 1 5 mm diameter grinding balls working in a very small gap between a stator and a rotor operating at a relatively high speed (e g a Co Ba Il mill) may be employed; when using such a mill, it is desirable to pass the blend of nonionic surfactant and solids first through a mill which does not effect such fine grinding (e g a colloid mill) to reduce the particle size to less than 100 microns (e.g to about 40 microns) prior to the step of grinding to an average particle diameter below about microns in the continuous ball mill.

In the preferred heavy duty liquid detergent compositions of the present invention, typical propor- tions (based on the total composition, unless otherwise specified) of the ingredients are as follows:

Liquid nonionic surfactant detergent in the range of about 10 or 20 to 60, such as 20 or 25 to 50 and preferably 30 to 40 percent; Acid terminated nonionic surfactant may be omitted, it is preferred however that it be added to the composition in an amount in the range of about 0 to 30, such as 5 to 25 and 5 to 15 percent; Heptonate acid builder salt, carboxymethyloxy succinic acid builder salt or alginic acid builder salt in the range of about 5 to 50, such as 10 to 40 preferably 25 to 35 percent; 30.

P 12941 37.

Polyphosphate detergent builder salt in the range of about 0 to 50 percent, such as 0 to 30 preferably 5 to 15 percent; Copolymer of polyacrylate and polymaleic anhydride alkali metal salt anti-encrustation agent in the range of about 0 to 10, such as 2 to 8 preferably 2 to 6 percent; Alkylene glycol monoalkylether anti-gelling agent in an amount in the range of about 0 to 20, such as 5 to 15 preferably 8 to 12 percent; Phosphoric acid alkanol ester stabilizing agent in the range of 0 to 2 0 or 0 1 to 1 0, such as 0 10 to 0 5 percent; Aluminium salt of fatty acid stabilizing agent in the range of about 0 to 3 0, such as 0 1 to 2 0 preferably 0 5 to 1 5 percent; (It is preferred that at least one of phosphoric acid ester or aluminium salt stabilizing agents be included in the composition); Bleaching agent in the range of about 0 to 35, such as 5 to 30 and preferably 8 to 15 percent; Bleach activator in the range of about 0 to 25, such as 3 to 20 preferably 4 to 8 percent; Sequestering agent for bleach in the range of about 0 to 3 0, preferably 0 5 to 2 0 more preferably 0.5 to 1 5 percent; Anti-redeposition agent in the range of about 0 to 3 0, such as 0 5 to 2 0 preferably 0 5 to 1 5 percent; 30.

P 12941 38.

Optical brightener in the range of about 0 to 2.0, such as 0 1 to 1 5 preferably 0 3 to 1 0 percent; Enzymes in the range of about 0 to 3 0, such as 0.5 to 2 0 preferably 0 5 to 1 5 percent; Perfume in the range of about 0 to 2 0, such as 0.10 to 1 0 preferably 0 5 to 1 0 percent; Dye in the range of about 0 to 1 0, such as 0.0025 to 0 050 preferably 0 25 to 0 0100 percent.

Various of the previously mentioned additives can optionally be added to achieve the desired function of the added materials.

Mixtures of the acid terminated nonionic surfactant and the alkylene glycol alkyl ether anti- gel agents can be used and in some cases advantages can be obtained by the use of such mixtures alone, or with the addition to the mixture of a stabilizing and anti-settling agent, e g phosphoric acid alkanol ester.

In the selection of the additives, they will be chosen to be compatible with the main constituents of the detergent composition In this application, as mentioned above, all proportions and percentages are by weight of the entire formulation or composition unless otherwise indicated.

The concentrated non-aqueous nonionic liquid detergent composition of the present invention dispenses readily in the water in the washing machine The presently used home washing machines normally use about 175 grams or 250 grams of powder detergent to wash a full load of laundry.

P 12941 39.

In accordance with the present invention only about 77 ml or about 100 grams of the concentrated liquid nonionic detergent composition is needed.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention the detergent composition of a typical formulation is formulated using the below named ingredients:

Weight % Nonionic surfactant detergent 30-40 Acid terminated surfactant 5-15 Alkali metal heptonic acid builder 25-35 salt; alkali metal carboxymethyloxy succinic acid builder salt; or alkali metal alginic acid builder salt.

Anti-encrustation agent (Sokalan CP-5) 0-10 Polyphosphate builder salt 0-30 Alkylene glycol monoalkyl ether 8-12 Alkanol phosphoric acid ester 0 1-0 5 (Empiphos 5632).

Anti-redeposition agent (Relatin 0-3 0 DM 4050).

Alkali metal perborate bleaching agent 8-15 Bleach activator (TAED) 4-8 Sequestering agent (Dequest 2066) 0-3 0 Optical brightener (ATS-X) 0 05 or 0.3-1 0 Enzymes (Protease-Esperase SL 8) 0 5-1 5 Perfume 0 5-1 0 30.

P 12941 40.

The invention may be put into practice in various ways and a number of specific embodiments will be described to illustrate the invention with reference to the accompanying examples and the accompanying drawings, Figures 1 to 6, which are graphs plotting ash content of calcined wash swatches against the concentration of detergent composition in the bath used to wash the said swatches.

EXAMPLE 1

A concentrated non-aqueous liquid nonionic surfactant detergent composition incorporating a sodium salt of heptonic acid is formulated from the following ingredients in the amounts specified in Table 1 below.

TABLE 1

Ingredient Weight % A mixture of C 13-C 15 fatty alcohol condensed 13 5 with 7 moles of propylene oxide and 4 moles ethylene oxide and C 13-C 15 fatty alcohol condensed with 5 moles propylene oxide and 10 moles ethylene oxide.

Surfactant T 7 10 O Surfactant T 9 10 O Acid terminated Dobanol 91-5 reaction 5 0 product with succinic anhydride (made as described above).

Sodium salt of heptonic acid 28 7 Diethylene glycol monobutyl ether 10 O Alkanol phosphoric acid ester (Empiphos 0 3 5632).

P 12941 41.

TABLE 1 (continued) Ingredient Weight % Anti-encrustation agent (Sokolan CP-5) 4 0 Sodium perborate monohydrate bleaching agent 9 0 Sodium carbonate 0 9 Tetraacetylethylene diamine (TAED) bleach 4 5 activator.

Sequestering agent (Dequest 2066) 1 0 Optical brightener (Tinopal ATS-X) 0 5 Anti-redeposition agent (Relatin DM 4050) 1 0 Enzyme Esperas slurry (Esperase SL 8) 1 0 Perfume 0 5925 Dye 0075 00 15.

The formulation is ground for about 1 hour to reduce the particle size of the suspended builder salts to less than 40 microns The formulated detergent composition is found to be stable and non-gelling in storage and to have a high detergent capacity.

The formulation exhibits yield stress of 5 0 P.a and an apparent viscosity of 1 1 P a S-1.

EXAMPLE 2

In order to demonstrate the effect on encrusta- tion of the substitution of sodium polyphosphate by an equivalent detergent builder amount of sodium heptonate, the detergent composition formulation of Example 1 containing 28 7 % by weight of sodium hepto- nate was compared in laundry washing machine use with P 12941 42. the same composition in which the sodium heptonate was replaced with 28 7

% by weight of sodium polyphos- phate.

The wash cycles were carried out at concentra- tions of the sodium heptonate and sodium polyphosphate detergent compositions at laundry wash water concen- trations of each of the detergent compositions of 1 to 9 gm/litre of the respective detergent compositions.

After 6 wash cycles of each detergent composition was used in a washing machine the amount of encrusta- tion that resulted, i e the percent ash deposited was measured The percent ash deposited measurement is determined by calcination of wash swatches.

The results observed are reported in the graph illustrated in Figure 1 of the drawings and show that at detergent composition concentrations of 1 to 5 g/l of wash water the sodium heptonate is substantially better than sodium polyphosphate in preventing encrustation as indicated by ash deposit At deter- gent composition concentrations of about 5 to 9 g/l of wash water the behaviour of sodium heptonate and sodium polyphosphate detergent builder salts are about the same in their anti-encrustation properties.

EXAMPLE 3

In order to demonstrate the effect on encrusta- tion buildup of the substitution of sodium polyphos- phate by an equivalent detergent builder amount of sodium heptonate, the detergent composition of Example 1 containing 28 7 percent by weight of sodium P 12941 43.

heptonate was compared in repeated laundry wash machine wash cycles with the same composition in which the sodium heptonate was replaced with 28 7 percent by weight of sodium polyphosphate.

The repeated wash cycles were carried out at 5 g/l wash water concentrations of each of the deter- gent compositions for twelve washing cycles The encrustation buildup, i e percent ash buildup, was measured in each washing machine after 3, 6, 9 and 12 washings.

The results of encrustation buildup obtained are reported in the graph illustrated in Figure 2 of the drawings As far as the encrustation buildup is concerned, no buildup was observed with the sodium heptonate, whereas a small buildup was observed with the sodium polyphosphate detergent builder salt.

The alkali metal heptonate detergent builder salts can also be used to replace all or part of the polyphosphate builder salts in powder detergent compositions, and in aqueous and cream detergent compositions with good effect.

EXAMPLE 4

A concentrated non-aqueous liquid nonionic surfactant detergent composition incorporating the trisodium salt of carboxymethyloxy succinic acid is formulated from the following ingredients in the amounts specified in Table 2 below.

30.

P 12941 44.

TABLE 2

Ingredients Weight % A mixture of C 13-C 15 fatty alcohol condensed 13 5 with 7 moles of propylene oxide and 4 moles ethylene oxide and C 13-C 15 fatty alcohol condensed with 5 moles propylene oxide and 10 moles ethylene oxide.

Surfactant T 7 10 0 Surfactant T 9 10 0 Acid terminated Dobanol 91-5 reaction 5 0 product with succinic anhydride (made as described above).

Trisodium salt of carboxymethyloxy succinic 29 6 acid.

Diethylene glycol monobutyl ether 10 0 Alkanol phosphoric acid ester (Empiphos 0 3 5632).

Anti-encrustation agent (Sokalan CP-5) 4 0 Sodium perborate monohydrate bleaching 9 0 agent.

Tetraacetylethylene diamine (TAED) bleach 4 5 activator.

Sequestering agent (Dequest 2066) 1 0 Optical brightener (Tinopal ATS-X) 0 5 Anti-redeposition agent (Relatin DM 4050) 1 0 Enzyme Esperase slurry (Esperase SL 8) 1 0 Perfume 0 5925 Dye 0075 00 30.

P 12941 45.

The formulation is ground for about 1 hour to reduce the particle size of the suspended builder salts to less than 40 microns The formulated detergent composition is found to be stable and non-gelling in storage and to have a high detergent capacity.

The formulation exhibits a yield stress of 7 5 P.a and an apparent viscosity of 0 4 P a S-1.

EXAMPLE 5

* In order to demonstrate the effect on encrusta- tion of the substitution of sodium tripolyphosphate by an equivalent detergent builder amount of tri- sodium carboxymethyloxy succinate, the detergent composition formulation of Example 4 containing 29 6 % by weight of trisodium carboxymethyloxy succinate was compared in laundry washing machine use with the same composition in which the trisodium carboxymethyloxy succinate was replaced with 29 6 % by weight of sodium tripolyphosphate.

The wash cycles were carried out at concentra- tions of the trisodium carboxymethyloxy succinate and sodium tripolyphosphate detergent compositions at laundry wash water concentrations of each of the detergent compositions of 1 to 9 gm/litre of the respective detergent compositions.

After each detergent composition was used in a washing machine the amount of encrustation that resulted, i e the percent ash deposited was measured.

The percent ash deposited measurement is determined by calcination of washed swatches.

The results observed are reported in the graph P 12941 ( 46.

illustrated in Figure 3 of the drawings and show that at detergent composition concentrations of 1 to 5 g/l of wash water the trisodium carboxymethyloxy succinate is substantially better than sodium tripolyphosphate in preventing encrustation or ash deposit At deter- gent composition concentrations of about 5 to 9 g/l of wash water the behaviour of trisodium carboxy- methyloxy succinate and sodium tripolyphosphate deter- gent builder salts are about the same in their anti- encrustation properties.

EXAMPLE 6

In order to demonstrate the effect on encrusta- tion buildup of the substitution of sodium tripoly- phosphate by an equivalent detergent builder amount of trisodium carboxymethyloxy succinate, the detergent composition of Example 4 containing 29 6 percent by weight of trisodium carboxymethyloxy succinate was compared in repeated laundry wash machine wash cycles with the same composition in which the trisodium carboxymethyloxy succinate was replaced with 29 6 percent by weight of sodium tripolyphosphate.

The repeated wash cycles were carried out at g/l wash water concentrations of each of the deter- gent compositions for twelve washing cycles The encrustation buildup, i e percent ash buildup was measured in each washing machine after 3, 6, 9 and 12 washings.

The results of encrustation buildup obtained is reported in the graph illustrated in Figure 4 of the drawings As far as the encrustatin buildup is P 12941 l 47.

concerned, no buildup was observed with the trisodium carboxymethyloxy succinate, whereas a small buildup was observed with the sodium tripolyphosphate detergent builder salt.

The alkali metal carboxymethyloxy succinate detergent builder salts can also be used to replace all or part of the polyphosphate builder salts in powder detergent compositions, and in aqueous and cream detergent compositions with good effect.

EXAMPLE 7

A concentrated non-aqueous liquid nononic surfactant detergent composition incorporating a sodium salt of alginic acid is formulated from the following ingredients in the amounts specified in Table 3 below.

TABLE 3

Ingredients Weight % A mixture of C 13-C 15 fatty alcohol condensed 13 5 with 7 moles of propylene oxide and 4 moles ethylene oxide and C 13-C 15 fatty alcohol condensed with 5 moles propylene oxide and 10 moles ethylene oxide.

Surfactant T 7 10 O Surfactant T 9 10 O Acid terminated Dobanol 91-5 reaction 5 0 product with succinic anhydride (made as described above).

Sodium salt of alginic acid 29 6 Diethylene glycol monobutyl ether 10 O Alkanol phosphoric acid ester (Empiphos 0 3 5632).

P 12941 48.

TABLE 3 (continued) Ingredients Weight % Anti-encrustation agent (Sokalan CP-5) 4 0 Sodium perborate monohydrate bleaching agent 9 0 Tetraacetylethylene diamine (TAED) bleach 4 5 activator.

Sequestering agent (Dequest 2066) 1 0 Optical brightener (Tinopal ATS-X) 0 5 Anti-redeposition agent (Relatin DM 4050) 1 0 Protease enzyme (Esperase SL 8) 1 0 Perfume 0 5925 Dye 0 0075 00 The formulation is ground for about 1 hour to reduce the particle size of the suspended builder salts to less than 40 microns The formulated detergent composition is found to be stable and non- gelling in storage and to have a high detergent capacity.

The formulation exhibits a yield stress of 4 7 P.a and an apparent viscosity of 0 46 P a S-1.

EXAMPLE 8

In order to demonstrate the effect on encrusta- tion of the substitution of sodium tripolyphosphate by an equivalent detergent builder amount of sodium alginate, the detergent composition formulation of Example 7 containing 29 6 % by weight of sodium alginate was compared in laundry washing machine use with the same composition in which the sodium P 12941 49.

alginate was replaced with 29 6 % by weight of sodium tripolyphosphate.

The wash cycles were carried out at concentra- tions of the sodium alginate and sodium tripolyphos- phate detergent compositions at laundry wash water concentrations of each of the detergent compositions of 1 to 9 gm/litre of the respective detergent compositions.

After each detergent composition was used in a washing machine the amount of encrustation that resulted, i e the percent ash deposited was measured.

The percent ash deposited measurement is determined by calcination of washed swatches.

The results observed are reported in the graph illustrated in Figure 5 of the drawings and show that at detergent composition concentrations of 1 to 5 g/1 of wash water the sodium alginate is substantially better than sodium tripolyphosphate in preventing encrustation or ash deposit At detergent composi- tion concentrations of about 5 to 9 g/l of wash water the behaviour of sodium alginate and sodium tripoly- phosphate detergent builder salts are about the same in their anti-encrustation properties.

EXAMPLE 9

In order to demonstrate the effect on encrusta- tion buildup of the substitution of sodium tripoly- phosphate by an equivalent detergent builder amount of sodium alginate, the detergent composition of Example 7 containing 29 6 percent by weight of sodium alginate was compared in repeated laundry wash P 12941 50.

machine wash cycles with the same composition in which the sodium alginate was replaced with 29 6 percent by weight of sodium tripolyphosphate.

The repeated wash cycles were carried out at 5 g/l wash water concentrations of each of the deter- gent compositions for twelve washing cycles The encrustation buildup, i e percent ash buildup was measured in each washing machine after 3, 6, 9 and 12 washings.

The results of encrustation buildup obtained is reported in the graph illustrated in Figure 6 of the drawings As far as the encrustation buildup is concerned, substantially no buildup was observed with the sodium alginate, whereas a small buildup was observed with the sodium tripolyphosphate detergent builder salt.

The alkali metal alginate detergent builder salts can also be used to replace all or part of the polyphosphate builder salts in powder detergent compositions, and in aqueous and cream detergent compositions with good effect.

The formulations of Examples 1, 4 and 7 can be prepared without grinding the builder salts and suspended solid particles to a small particle size, but best results are obtained by grinding the formula- tion to reduce the particle size of the suspended solid particles.

The builder salts can be used as provided, or the builder salts and suspended solid particles can be ground or partially ground prior to mixing them P 12941 51.

with the nonionic surfactant The grinding can be carried out in part prior to mixing and grinding completed after mixing or the entire grinding operation can be carried out after mixing with the liquid surfactant The formulations desirably contain suspended builder and solid particles less than 100 microns or preferably less than 40 microns in size.

Reference has been made to USP 3606990 for inhibitors of enzyme induced decomposition of bleaching agents, and reference made to the use of hydroxylamine sulphate for such purpose.

USP 3606990 also lists hydroxylamine hydro- chloride, hydrazine hydrochloride, 2,4-dinitrophenol- hydrazine, p-chlorophenol, 4-chloro-2-aminophenol, o-cresol, p-chloro-m-cresol, 2,4-dichlorophenol, resorcinol, pyrocatechol, pyrogallol, betanaphthol, 2,7-dihydroxynaphthalene, hydroquinone, hydroquinone sulphate, 1,2-naphthoquinone, 1,2-cyclohexanediol, aminotriazole, sodium chlorate and sodium nitride.

It is understood that the foregoing detailed description is given merely by way of illustration and that variations may be made therein without departing from the spirit of the invention.

25.

J 12941

Claims (14)

1 A non-aqueous liquid heavy duty laundry detergent compostion which comprises at least one liquid nonionic surfactant detergent, and a carboxymethyloxy succinate builder salt.

2 A detergent composition as claimed in Claim 1 comprising at least one of the members of the group consisting of an acid terminated nonionic surfactant anti-gel agent, an alkylene glycol mono ether, and an alkanol phosphoric acid ester stabilizing agent.

3 A detergent composition as claimed in Claim 1 or Claim 2 comprising 5 to 50 percent of a carboxymethyloxy succinate detergent builder salt.

4 A laundry detergent composition as claimed in Claim 1, 2 or 3 which is polyphospate free or of low polyphosphate content.

A detergent composition as claimed in any one of Claims 1 to 3 which comprises at least one liquid nonionic surfactant in an amount of about 25 to 50 %, an acid-terminated nonionic surfactant in an amount of about

5 to 25 %, J 12941 a carboxymethyloxy succinate builder salt in an amount of about 10 to 40 %, an alkylene glycol mono-ether in an amount of about 5 to 15 %, a polyphosphate detergent builder in an amount of about 0 to 30 %, and an alkanol phosphoric acid ester in an amount of about 0 1 to 1 0 %.

6 A laundry detergent composition as claimed in any one of Claims 1 to 5 comprising an alkali metal perborate monohydrate bleaching agent in an amount of about 5 to 30 %, tetraacetylethylene diamine bleach activator in an amount of about 3 to 20 %, and optionally one or more detergent adjuvants selected from the group consisting of anti-encrustation agent, anti-redeposition agent, sequestering agent for the bleach, optical brighteners, enzymes and perfume.

7 A detergent composition as claimed in any one of Claims 1 to 6 in which the carboxymethyloxy succinate has the formula Na OOC-CH-COO Na I CH 30-CH-COO Na J 12941

8 A laundry detergent composition as claimed in any one of Claims 2 to 7 when dependent upon Claim 2 in which the alkanol phosphoric acid ester comprises a C 16 to C 18 alkanol ester of phosphoric acid.

9 A low phosphate or phosphate free detergent composition as claimed in any one of the Claims 1 to 8 which contains no more than 15 % polyphosphate.

10 A detergent composition as claimed in any one of Claims 1 to 9 which comprises a polyphosphate builder salt in an amount of about 5 to 15 percent.

11 A phosphate detergent builder free non- aqueous liquid heavy duty laundry detergent composition whic comprises:

nonionic surfactant in an amount of about 30-40 %; acid terminated surfactant in an amount of about 5-15 %; sodium salt of heptonic acid in an amount of about 25-35 %; alkylene glycol monobutyl ether in an amount of about 8-

12 %; C 16 to C 18 alkanol ester of phosphoric acid in an amount of about 0 1-0 5 %; sodium perborate monohydrate bleaching agent in an amount of about 8-15 %; tetraacetylethylene diamine (TAED) bleach activator in an amount of about 4-8 %.

J 12941 12 A phosphate detergent builder free non- aqueous liquid heavy duty laundry detergent composition which comprises:

nonionic surfactant in an amount of about 30-40 %; acid terminated surfactant in an amount of about 5-15 %; trisodium salt of carboxymethyloxy succinic acid in an amount of about 25-35 %; alkylene glycol monobutyl ether in an amount of about 8-12 %; C 16 to C 18 alkanol ester of phosphoric acid in an amount of about 0 1-0 5 %; sodium perborate monohydrate bleaching agent in an amount of about 8-15 %; tetraacetylethylene diamine (TAED) bleach activator in an amount of about 4-8 %.

13 A detergent composition as claimed in any one of Claims 1 to 3 in which the composition comprises an anti-redeposition agent and anti-encrustation agent and a sequestering agent for the bleach.

14 A detergent composition as claimed in Claim 1 substantially as specifically described herein with reference to the accompanying examples.

A method for cleaning soiled fabrics which comprises contacting the soiled fabrics with a laundry detergent composition as claimed in any one of Claims 1 to 14.

Published 1958 at The Patent Office State House 6671 High Holborn, London WC 1 R 4 TP Further copies may be obtained from The Patent Office, Sales Branch, St Mary Cray Orpingtorn Kent BBS 3RD Printed by Multiplex techniques ltd St Mary Cray Kent Con 1 '87