GB2192808A - Filter - Google Patents
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- Publication number
- GB2192808A GB2192808A GB08604094A GB8604094A GB2192808A GB 2192808 A GB2192808 A GB 2192808A GB 08604094 A GB08604094 A GB 08604094A GB 8604094 A GB8604094 A GB 8604094A GB 2192808 A GB2192808 A GB 2192808A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- filtration
- filtration unit
- media
- pipe
- column
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- JYIBXUUINYLWLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;calcium;potassium;silicon;sodium;trihydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.[Na].[Al].[Si].[K].[Ca] JYIBXUUINYLWLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910001603 clinoptilolite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 33
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003908 quality control method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims 3
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003518 caustics Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000012500 ion exchange media Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000063 preceeding effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003053 toxin Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 231100000765 toxin Toxicity 0.000 claims 1
- 108700012359 toxins Proteins 0.000 claims 1
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 abstract description 21
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 10
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 7
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 5
- 125000001453 quaternary ammonium group Chemical group 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000012492 regenerant Substances 0.000 description 9
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C=C HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000004808 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Species 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 241000700605 Viruses Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003916 acid precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003456 ion exchange resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003303 ion-exchange polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011344 liquid material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000045947 parasite Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000013618 particulate matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium benzoate Chemical compound [K+].[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium chloride Inorganic materials [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021653 sulphate ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000925 very toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/04—Arrangements for treating water specially adapted to receptacles for live fish
- A01K63/045—Filters for aquaria
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
- C02F1/283—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using coal, charred products, or inorganic mixtures containing them
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/30—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by irradiation
- C02F1/32—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by irradiation with ultraviolet light
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/42—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by ion-exchange
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/20—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from animal husbandry
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
- Water Treatment By Sorption (AREA)
Abstract
A filter for removing solids and dissolved impurities, such as ammonia, from water being used in transporting live fish comprises a housing 1 with an inlet 10, an outlet 4 and an internal structure comprising an annular array of mesh bags closed at both ends and containing treating media such as zeolite (clinoptilolite), a quaternary ammonium based resin and active carbon, through which the water flows radially. The bags are individually located in outwardly open channels 10 secured to a central pipe 5, the pipe and channels being perforated. Pipe 5 may house an ultraviolet light to sterilize the water. Zeolite may be regenerated by circulating salt solution with pH raised to 9 to 12.5. <IMAGE>
Description
SPECIFICATION
Filtration unit
This invention relates to a filtration unit for the removal of and/or control of selected dissolved, suspended solids and micro-organisms (bacteria, fungi, yeast, viruses, parasites, protozoans etc) from gaseous and liquid materials by mechanical filtration, adsorption, absorption and sterilization processes.
The primary use of the invention is for water quality control during live fish transportation. The main nitrogenous product excreted by fish is ammonia, the filtration system will remove and control ammonia concentrations in the water recycled within the fish transportation tank. Ammonia is very toxic to fish and if allowed to accumulate in the water will stress the fish, cause physiological and physical damage and fish mortality in severe cases.
By maintaining water quality the fish may be transported over longer periods of time, more fish can be transported in a given volume of water, the fish will arrive at their destination in better condition, the fish will be placed under less stress, the fish will be less susceptible to disease after transportation, there will be reduction in fish mortalities, the fish will adjust to their new environment in less time, the fish will start to feed sooner and consequently the fish will not lose as much weight after transportation.
According to the invention there is provided a filtration unit comprising a housing having an inlet at or near the bottom thereof and an outlet at the top thereof, an upright pipe within the housing and having its upper end in communication with the outlet and its lower end closed, the pipe wall being apertured, a plurality of upright outwardly opening elongate channels surrounding the pipe and secured to each other and to the pipe, the channels and the interstices between them and the pipe being closed at the upper and lower ends and the curved walls of the channels being apertured, and a plurality of sausage-like bags of flexible mesh material containing particulate filtration material, the bags being releasably arranged in the channels so as to cover the apertures therein.
An embodiment of the invention will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawing showing a filtration unit in axial section.
In the drawing, a filtration unit comprises a housing which itself comprises an upright cylindrical wall 1, a base plate 2 closing the bottom end of the wall 1, and a releasable lid 3 closing the top end of the wall 1 except for an outlet connection 4. Within the housing is an upright pipe 5, the lower end of which is closed by a circular plate 6 which also provides a flange 7 surrounding the pipe 5. The plate 6 has short depending legs 8 which locate in recesses in the plate 2. A little short of the top of the pipe 5 is an upper flange 9.
The pipe 5 is apertured between the flanges 7 and 9 and the top of the pipe 5 is releasably connected to the outlet 4, an inlet being shown at 10 near the bottom of the housing in the wall 1. Surrounding the pipe 5 and extending between the flanges 7 and 9 are six apertured channels 10 secured to each other and to the pipe. Conveniently, the channels 10 are each an arcuate section of a pipe similar to the pipe 5, the arcuate extension being from one third to one half of the circumference of the pipe. The channels 10 open outwards and their upper and lower ends as well as the upper and lower ends of the interstices between the channels 10 and the pipe 5 are closed by the flanges 7 and 9. In each channel 10 and covering the apertures therein is a sausage-like bag 11 of flexible mesh material containing particulate filtration material.The bags 11 are releasably retained in the channels 10 by means of straps (not shown) and a heavy mesh sheet may also be wrapped around the bags 11.
The apertures in the pipe 5 and the channels 10 may be horizontal or vertical slots or circular holes measuring about 5 mm across.
The mesh size of each bag 11 is 100 microns but it may be of any size from a few microns up to several hundred, depending on the application of the system, size of the filter media used and desired particle size filtration required. The mesh has a dual function, 1. to contain the filter media, 2. to act as a primary mechanical filter. The mesh bags containing the filtration media are closed at both ends to form completely sealed packages.
The filter bags 11 may be filled with a zeolite (clinoptilolite) ion exchange (molecular sieve) filtration media which controls ammonium concentrations. However any filtration media of any suitable particle size dimensions may be used. One or more bags may be filled with activated carbon for control of dissolved organcis. A macro-reticular synthetic media may be used in place of activated carbon.
Synthetic ion exchange resins may be used in the system. The different types of filtration media may be either mixed in the same bag or kept separate in different bags.
Sterilization of the water may be accomplished using a quaternary ammonium based resin media in one or more bags. Any filtration media that has sterilization properties may be used. Alternatively or additionally an ultraviolet light may be installed within the central pipe to sterilize the water.
Liquid or gas flow through the filter is principally across the filter bags and not along their length. The advantage of this system is that the liquid/gas does not have to pass through the entire length of the filter bed. Consequently the pressure drop through the system is very low. The filter arrangement also pre
sents a very large filtration surface area per
unit volume. Therefore the mechanical filtration
properties are greatly enhanced and there is
less chance of the filter becoming prematurely
blocked by particulate matter accumulating on
the filtration surface. There is also less risk of
bed compaction and increased head loss as a
result.
The zeolite can be regenerated using
seawater or a salt (sodium or potassium salt
preferably potassium or sodium chloride or ni
trate or sulphate) solution.
For more efficient regeneration a 3 Normal
salt solution may be used. A range ofconcen- trations from 1/10 Normal to a super satu
rated salt solution can be used. The process
is made even more efficient by increasing the
pH of the regenerant to pH 9 but pH 12.5 is near optimum using a 3 Normal salt solution.
The optimum minimum volume of the regener
ant solution is 4BV (four times the volume of the zeolite), although from 1 BV up to many
hundred Bed Volumes (BV) of regenerant may
be used. The regenerant may be passed through the zeolite once or recycled. The opti
mum condition is to recycle 4BV of 3 Normal sodium chloride at an initial pH of pH12.5.
The regenerant should be recycled for 24
hours, although any time period from a few
minutes to several days may be used. After
regeneration the zeolite is washed with clean freshwater low in dissolved contaminants
(especially ammonium) and suspended matter.
The wash must be of sufficient duration to wash out all the salts and reduce the pH to
less than a level toxic to the fish. The regenerant can be reused by increasing the pH up to pH13 (higher than pH 9.0) and air strip the ammonia from solution. Suspended solids are
removed from the regenerant be sedimentation. During air stripping the pH of the regenerant will fall, before reusing the regenerant the pH should be increased back to the desired level.
During operation the water will be pumped through the filter and fish transportation tank using a 12/24 volt pump.
In addition to fish transportation the filter may be used for water quality control in fish hatcheries during all developmental stages.
The filter may also be used for water quality control in fish quarantine systems.
Other water quality benefits gained from the system include pH stabilization and removal of transition elements from the water. Thus the system will reduce and/or prevent acid rain toxicity problems.
Claims (10)
1. A portable filtration unit comprising of a body in the form of a column with secured base and releasable top. Inlet through side of column near the base or through the base of column. Out let through top of column and releasable secured to an internal configuration supporting mesh socks containing the filtration media.
2. A filtration unit as in claim 1 for gas or liquid for the removal of suspended solids, dissolved solids and gases.
3. A filtration unit as in claim 1 or 2, in which gas or liquid flow through the filtration media is laterally.
4. A filtration unit as in claim 3 which provides a large surface area per unit volume of media for mechanical and physio-chemical filtration providing a low pressure drop.
5. A filtration unit as in claim 3 in which the principal filtration media is a natural clinoptilolite or synthetic ion exchange media selective for the ammonia ion,
6. A filtration unit as in claim 5, which is used for water quality control, removal of toxins and suspended solids during the live transportation of aquatic animals.
7. A filtration unit as in claim 5 in which a proportion or all of the filtration media contains a resin having water sterilization properties and or an activated carbon or resin which is selective for dissolved organics.
8. A filtration unit as claimed in any preceeding claim, which incorporates an ultra violet light for the sterilization of the filtrate.
9. A method of regenerating the filtration media as claimed in claim 5, by the circulation of a caustic concentrated salt solution.
10. A filtration unit substantially as described herin with reference to Fig. 1 of the accompanying drawing.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB08604094A GB2192808A (en) | 1986-02-19 | 1986-02-19 | Filter |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB08604094A GB2192808A (en) | 1986-02-19 | 1986-02-19 | Filter |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB8604094D0 GB8604094D0 (en) | 1986-03-26 |
| GB2192808A true GB2192808A (en) | 1988-01-27 |
Family
ID=10593320
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB08604094A Withdrawn GB2192808A (en) | 1986-02-19 | 1986-02-19 | Filter |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| GB (1) | GB2192808A (en) |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2245809A (en) * | 1990-06-25 | 1992-01-15 | Csir | Method for transporting live fish |
| GB2269586A (en) * | 1992-08-14 | 1994-02-16 | Levene Ltd William | Filter jug |
| US5665224A (en) * | 1992-08-14 | 1997-09-09 | William Levine Limited | Filter jug |
| WO2007030859A1 (en) * | 2005-09-18 | 2007-03-22 | John Walters | Water treatment method and apparatus |
| EP3366124A1 (en) * | 2017-12-21 | 2018-08-29 | Kitashin, Jurii | Stabilization installation of the ph value of water of the ammonium nitrogen removal unit from the wash water of zeolite filters |
| US10766790B2 (en) | 2015-01-16 | 2020-09-08 | University Of South Florida | Ammonia removal in freshwater and saltwater systems |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP6694378B2 (en) * | 2016-12-26 | 2020-05-13 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | Pure water purification device for fuel cell power generation system |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB615250A (en) * | 1945-04-12 | 1949-01-04 | Houdaille Hershey Corp | Improvements in or relating to oil filters |
-
1986
- 1986-02-19 GB GB08604094A patent/GB2192808A/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB615250A (en) * | 1945-04-12 | 1949-01-04 | Houdaille Hershey Corp | Improvements in or relating to oil filters |
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2245809A (en) * | 1990-06-25 | 1992-01-15 | Csir | Method for transporting live fish |
| GB2245809B (en) * | 1990-06-25 | 1994-03-16 | Csir | Method for transportation of live fish |
| GB2269586A (en) * | 1992-08-14 | 1994-02-16 | Levene Ltd William | Filter jug |
| GB2269586B (en) * | 1992-08-14 | 1996-04-17 | Levene Ltd William | Filter jug |
| US5665224A (en) * | 1992-08-14 | 1997-09-09 | William Levine Limited | Filter jug |
| WO2007030859A1 (en) * | 2005-09-18 | 2007-03-22 | John Walters | Water treatment method and apparatus |
| US10766790B2 (en) | 2015-01-16 | 2020-09-08 | University Of South Florida | Ammonia removal in freshwater and saltwater systems |
| EP3366124A1 (en) * | 2017-12-21 | 2018-08-29 | Kitashin, Jurii | Stabilization installation of the ph value of water of the ammonium nitrogen removal unit from the wash water of zeolite filters |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB8604094D0 (en) | 1986-03-26 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| WAP | Application withdrawn, taken to be withdrawn or refused ** after publication under section 16(1) |