GB2170226A - Coating machine parts and tools with high hardness material - Google Patents
Coating machine parts and tools with high hardness material Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2170226A GB2170226A GB08600580A GB8600580A GB2170226A GB 2170226 A GB2170226 A GB 2170226A GB 08600580 A GB08600580 A GB 08600580A GB 8600580 A GB8600580 A GB 8600580A GB 2170226 A GB2170226 A GB 2170226A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- layers
- high hardness
- coating
- hardness material
- group
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/06—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the coating material
- C23C14/0664—Carbonitrides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/06—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the coating material
- C23C14/0635—Carbides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/06—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the coating material
- C23C14/0641—Nitrides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/06—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the coating material
- C23C14/14—Metallic material, boron or silicon
- C23C14/16—Metallic material, boron or silicon on metallic substrates or on substrates of boron or silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/22—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the process of coating
- C23C14/34—Sputtering
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/22—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the process of coating
- C23C14/34—Sputtering
- C23C14/35—Sputtering by application of a magnetic field, e.g. magnetron sputtering
- C23C14/352—Sputtering by application of a magnetic field, e.g. magnetron sputtering using more than one target
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physical Vapour Deposition (AREA)
- Chemical Vapour Deposition (AREA)
- Cutting Tools, Boring Holders, And Turrets (AREA)
Abstract
Machine parts and tools, preferably of temperature sensitive steels, are coated with high hardness material of nitrogen and carbon compounds of metals of the group Ti, Zr, Hf, Cr, Ta, W and Nb by reactive cathodic atomisation of at least one of the said metals in a nitrogen or carbon-containing atmosphere under atomisation conditions. To solve the problem of applying thick, fault-free coatings to temperature sensitive substrates, intermediate metallic layers of at least one of the metals from the group Ti, Zr, Hf, Cr, Ta, W, Nb; Al, Ni, Fe are applied under non-reactive conditions by cathodic atomisation between the individual layers of high hardness material from the group TiN, TiC, TiCN; ZrN; HfN; CrN; Cr2C3; TaC, TaN; WN, WC; NbN constituting only a fraction of the total coating thickness.
Description
SPECIFICATION
Process for coating machine parts and tools with high hardness material and machine parts and tools produced by the process
The invention relates to a process for coating machine parts and tools and the like with high hardness compounds.
Such a process and also an apparatus suitable therefor are described in DE-OS3107914 and corresponding US-PS4426267 which describe passing the base bodies of tools and workpieces through an arrangement of atomising cathodes. Even if one passes the base bodies of machine parts and tools, that is to say the substrates to be coated, several times through the known arrangement of atomising cathodes, there results a plurality of directly adjacent layers of like composition of which the interfaces can just be seen under the electron microscope, but which as a whole can be regarded as a monolithic coating system, even though it is built up from individual layers.
Hard, wear-resistant coatings for the surfaces of cutting tools, shaping tools or machine parts subject to wear are at present produced inter alia by ion-plating. The best-known coatings comprise TiN, TiC, TiCN, HfN, CrN, TaC, TaN, WC, WN and NbN. In ion-plating various processes are used which differ principally in respect of the source of coating material used.
Technical solutions are known with thermal vapourisers in the form of vapourising vessels, electron beam vapourisers, hollow cathode systems, arc vapourisers and cathode atomising systems. The present invention is concerned with the process of ion-plating by cathode atomisation.
Wear resistant, life-increasing coatings, for example on twist drills, are at present between 2 and 5m or 2000 to 5000nm thick. To achieve a satisfactory bonding and density of the coating structure, such coatings are applied to substrates which are heated to temperatures between 300 and 500"C. It is important that these parts are maintained throughout the whole coating process at the most constant temperature level possible of for example 450"C. This can be done for example by letting the substrate remain continuously in the plasma in the coating zone, by which the ion bombardment important for the ion-plating can be maintained uniform. These requirements are also to be taken into consideration in presently used coating processes.
If one accepts large temperature differences during coating, which can happen if the substrate is taken out of the region of ion bombardment during the coating process, an inhomogeneous layer build up occurs in respect of the brittleness of the high hardness material concerned, its hardness and its internal stresses, which chiefly leads to micro-fissuring and to laminar separation of the coating. If a tool so coated is used to work a workpiece, the strains imposed by temperature variations lead to destruction of the coating if it is not sufficiently homoeneous.
The disadvantageous effects described occur above all if the coating is carried out at a temperature lower than the temperature range mentioned. As has been shown in the application of decorative coatings to temperature sensitive components such for example as watch cases of brass, a reasonable coating is possible at lower temperatures if the coating is carried out stepwise or the coating is built up from individual layers. Such a process is also described in
DE-OS3107914 already mentioned. By multiple passes of a substrate secured to a rotary substrate holder, it can be further cooled down after emerging from the coating zone so that a maximum temperature of some 200 to 250"C will not be exceeded. The known process has been proved in the production of gold coloured coatings of TiN, as those coatings have a maximum thickness of some 1 m or 1000nm.Experiments have shown however that the increase in coating thickness to values of 2000nm to 5000nm, as is required for technical applications, leads to the problems described above, namely that the coating has micro-fissuring so that it suffers the flaking-off of surface layers described. This cannot be tolerated in machine components subject to heavy mechanical loading or tools, as the mechanical forces will lead very quickly to widespread flaking-off of the coating structure which anyway has micro-fissure damage.
The possibility of using functional, i.e. technically useful high hardness material layers is substantially improved if it can be achieved that the substrate temperatures in the coating process are limited to values between 150 and 200"C and then coating thicknesses of 2000nm and above are produced. In such a case tool steel, as is required for cutting and shaping tools, machine parts subject to friction such for example as thread guides in textile machines and even plastic parts can be coated with high hardness material.
The invention is based on the problem of specifying a process of the kind described in which temperature sensitive substrates can be used and which is suitable also for the production of relatively greater coating structure being at risk of micro-fissuring and/or high internal strains.
The invention comprises a process for coating machine parts and tools, preferably of temperature sensitive steels, with high hardness materials of nitrogen and carbon compounds of metals from the group Ti, Zr, Hf, Cr, Ta, W and Nb by reactive cathodic vapourisation of at least one of the said metals in a nitrogen or carbon containing atmosphere under atomisation conditions, wherein metallic intermediate layers of at least one metal from the group Ti, Zr, Hf, Cr, Ta, W,
Nb; Al, Ni and Fe are applied by cathodic atomisation under substantially non-reactive conditions between individual layers, comprising each only a fraction of the total coating thickness, of high hardness material from the group TiN, TiC, TiCN; ZrN; HfN; CrN, Cr2C3; TaC, TaN, WN, WC and
NbN.
By the separation according to the invention of the individual layers of high hardness material by the said metallic intermediate layers, hard coatings can be produced at relatively low stubstrate temperatures, for example below 200"C, which are not liable to flaking even with greater coating thicknesses over some 2000nm. As examination under the electron microscope has shown, micro-fissuring is avoided, and it can be taken that internal stresses, which otherwise increase with increasing thickness are precluded by the higher ductility of the metallic intermediate layers.
The term "metallic intermediate layer" does not exclude a slight proportion of reaction products of the relevant metal with the atmosphere inside the coating apparatus. It is sufficient that the metallic intermediate layer has a substantially metallic, thus a ductile character and a reducing effect on the adjacent high hardness material. Ideally, naturally, a pure metal intermediate layer should be sought for.
In the choice of metal for the intermediate layers, what matters is to get sufficient bonding with respect to the adjacent material (interface). It is in addition desirable that the material of the intermediate layer has in respect of the adjacent material, as already noted, a reducing effect. To explain this effect it is noted that the substrates in the production of the individual layers are necessarily taken at a relatively high temperature out of the coating zone and thus find themselves in an atmosphere which comprises, at least partially, activated gas molecules. As the so called residual gas atmosphere in coating apparatus contains as a rule traces of very reactive acids, this leads to the formation of thin oxide films on the individual layers by which not only the coating homogeneity of the coating packet but also the internal content of the coating packet is disturbed.This effect can in any event be substantially compensated for by a reducing effect of the metal of the intermediate layer, if not completely eliminated.
It is finally desirable for the metallic intermediate layer to have a high thermal conductivity. In a high, especially a local temperature variation ioading, as happens principally to cutting tools, there arises in the high hardness material layer itself a heat concentration which naturally also leads to corresponding thermal stresses. By a corresponding thermal conductivity of the metallic intermediate layers can be effected very substantially the reduction of the temperature differences and thus thermal stresses.
It has been shown that the metals suggested for the intermediate layers completely solve the problem as stated. Thus layers of these metals can be alternated with the reaction product of the same metal forming the high hardness material. It is here possible to atomise the same metal, which for atomisation purposes is provided in the form of a target plate for fixing on an atomising cathode, alternately in reactive and non-reactive atmospheres. The carrying out of the process is in this way substantially simplified. It is however possible also to use aluminium, nickel and iron for the intermediate layers, thus metals which are not used for the formation of high hardness material layers.
Of especial importance is the deposition of metallic intermediate layers by cathode atomisation with the application of a correspondingly high negative potential to the substrate, that is to say, ion-plating. It will be shown with reference to a diagram that with increasing negative potential the density of the deposited coating material increases and indeed up to practically the theoretical maximum possible density. By such a measure the strength of the metallic intermediate layers is at the same time substantially increased so that the strength of the whole coating packet is likewise increased.
Of special importance is furthermore if the metal of the intermediate layers has a particularly low melting point, in any event in relation to the melting point of the high hardness material. It has in fact been shown that dense coatings of metals with relatively high melting points, similar to those of the high hardness materials themselves, are only produced if there is an ion bombardment during the cathode atomisation process. With intermediate layers with relatively low melting points the atomisation process can be carried on with a substantially lesser proportion of ion bombardment, i.e. with a lower negative substrate potential. This also has the advantage that in addition the resultant substrate temperature can be lowered, because the substrate heating is in general proportional to the size of the (negative) potential and thus to the ion bombardment.
It is self-evidently necessary that the coating packet according to the invention also has an extraordinarily adhesive connection with the base material or substrate. As the metallic components of the high hardness material layers are by their nature good bonding agents in relation to most substrate materials, in particularly in relation to metals, it is, in building up the coating according to the invention, especially advantageous so to proceed that a pure metallic layer is first deposited on the substrate surface from the metallic component of the high hardness material in a non-reactive atmosphere and this layer then carries over in a continuous transition into the factual high hardness material layer by gradually admitting the appropriate reaction gas.
As reaction gases, nitrogen itself is considered for forming the nitride, and for forming the carbide, a light, volatile saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon such as acetylene. For the production of so-called carbo-nitrides are considered also mixtures of nitrogen and hydrocarbon compounds. The principal component of the atomisation atmosphere is comprised of an inert gas, preferably argon. The composition of such atomisation atmospheres is however part of the state of the art, and it will not be gone into further here.
In the production of coating packets according to the invention there are basically three possible process types. In this it is already presupposed that the coating process is carried on simultaneously on opposite sides of the substrate, and that therefore the atomising cathodes are used arranged in pairs, as described in DE-OS3107914: 1. By using only one cathode pair the metallic layers and the high hardness material are
produced by cyclically interrupting the gas supply. The suction of the vacuum pumps neces
sary in any event for the coating apparatus will be in general adequate to rid the atomisation
atmosphere quickly enough of reactive gas components.
2. When using two cathode pairs, these can have attached the same target material, and one
cathode pair can be used in one atmosphere of reaction gas, while the other cathode pair
are used in a non-reactive atomisation atmoshere.
3. When using two cathode pairs it is possible-to mount different materials on them and use
on the other hand one cathode pair in reactive atmosphere and the other in non-reactive
atmosphere.
If two cathode pairs are series connected there are again two basic possibilities for substrate motion. It is possible to move the substrates to and fro between the cathode pairs. It is furthermore possible, with the two cathode pairs. It is furthermore possible, with the two cathode-pairs arranged in the path of a circular track of a substrate holder to cause the substrates to move one after the other with the same sense of rotation and as many times as desired through the two cathode pairs. The last described manner of operation will be explained in m-ore detail with regard to an exemplary embodiment.
For the metallic intermediate layers can for example also be used layers of metal alloys such for example as:
Ti/AI; Ni/cr/Fe; Cr/AI; Ta/AI Preferred layers sequences are as follows: TiN-AI-TiN-AI-.. .
CrN-Cr-CrN-Cr-...
TaN-Ti/Al-TaN-Ti/AI-...
The number of- regularly alternating layers is not limited upwardly. In practice, 2 to 100 high hardness material layers can be considered for the given combinations, which can be separated by 1 to 99 metal layers of the quoted metals and/or alloys. It has appeared to be particularly advantageous however for each coating packet to comprise 15 to 40 layers of high hardness material and 14 to 39 metallic layers.
The thickness of the individual layers of high hardness material can be chosen to be between 50 and 1000nm, the thickness of the individual metal layers between 5 and 100nm.
It is particularly advantageous to give the metal layers a lesser thickness than the layers of high hardness material. Thus the ratio of the layer thicknesses of the individual layers of high hardness material to those of the individual metal layers lie particularly advantageously btween
10:1 and 10:5. Very well reproducible ratios have been achieved with layer thickness ratios about 10:2.
The invention also relates to tools or machine parts coated by the processes described.
The invention will be further explained below with rnference to Figs. 1 to 5.
These show:
Figure 1 a section through a prior art coating packet perpendicular to the substrate surface,
Figure 2 a section like Fig; 1, but to a larger scale, through a coating system according to the invention,
Figure 3 a diagram showing the dependence of the density of a metallic layer on the level of negative substrate potential Usub in cathode atomisation (ion plating),
Figure 4 a horizontal section through a coating apparatus with a rotary substrate holder, and
Figure 5 a horizontal section through a coating apparatus with an oscillating substrate holder.
Fig. 1 shows a substrate 1 of a tool steel, for example of HSS quality. On this substrate, individual layers of high hardness material 2 have been deposited directly on top of one another according ta a process described in DE-OS3 107914. Through a sufficiently large coating thickness, as is needed form tools (drills) (200() to 5000nm) are seen within the coating packet not only micro-fissures 3 hut also local flaking 4, the -occurrence of which is substantially encouraged by the micro-fissures 3.
Fig. 5 shows a substrate 5 of the same tool steel on which in alternating sequence metallic intermediate layers 6 (of aluminium) and high hardness-material layers 7 (of CrN or TiN) are arranged. The lowermost metallic intermediate layer 6a serves at the same time as a bonding agent. A coating produced according to Fig. 2 has for example in total 60 individual layers, namely 30 high hardness material layers 7, 29 metallic intermediate layers 6 and a bonding layer 6a.
In Fig; 3 the substrate potential Usub in volts is on the abscissa and the density in g/cm3 on the ordinate, this for the metal tantalum and a coating thickness of-6 m or 6000nm. The substrate temperature was held constant for all measurements: It is seen that the density of the deposited material, starting from a positive substrate potential of 200V-up to a negative substrate potential of -500V increases by almost 20%, which is of quite decisive significance for the tensile and shear strength of the material. (Ref: Mattox, D.M.; Kominiak D.V. "Structure
Modification by lon Bombardment during Deposition", J.Vac. Sci.+Techn., Vol. 9, Nr. 1, 1972, page 528).
In Fig. 4 is shown a horizontal section through a substantially rotationally symmetrical reaction chamber 10, which in its front part has a door 11. In the reaction chamber, a substrate holder
12 is supported for rotation-about its vertical axis, which in the present case is formed as a hollow cylindrical rotary cage. The substrate holder 12 is connected through a capacitor, not shown here, to a source of potential, also not shown. On each side of the path in which the substrate holder 12 rotates is arranged in practically mirror symmetrical arrangement a pair of double cathodes 13/14 or 15/16.Each one of these magnetron cathodes is realised in the usual way: a concentric arrangement of permanent magnets SN/NS is contained in a water-cooled hollow body of non-magnetic material, of which the permanent magnets have their poles oppositely arranged as shown in the drawing. The rearward ends of this permanent magnets are connected together by a yoke plate. On the end wall of the hollow body is secured a plate-like target which consists of a metal which forms either the component of the high hardness material layer or metallic layer. The front face of this target and the substrate holder 12 are directed substantially parallel to one another. In the illustrated magnetron cathodes are elongate cathodes whose lengthwise axis runs normal to the plane of the drawing.
In the neighbourhood'of the magnetron cathodes 13 to 16, gas inlets 17 or 18 are provided through which the noble and/or reaction gas is introduced into the reaction zone concerned. The extent of the plasma (shown by dots in the upper part of Fig. 4) is in addition limited by blinds
19 which however leave a sufficient space free for the passage of the substrates 20, of which only three- are shown here schematically.
A blind 21 is also fixed on part of the periphery of the substrate holder 12, serving- for preatomisation, which can be swung in between two etching blinds 22, 23. Further-features of.a rotary substrate holder in combination with a double cathode arrangement are described in DE- OS3107914. The apparatus there illustrated is provided however exclusively for the process of cathode atomisation.
The apparatus according to Fig. 4 can also be modified thereover in that the inner magnetron cathodes t4 and 15 can be removed and the substrate holder replaced by a drum-like substrate to be coated (rollers for copying machines and matrices), which rotate during the coating.
While Fig. 4 shows a cathode atomisation device for batch operation (the -reaction chamber must be opened to atmosphere for loading), Fig. 5 shows an elongate reaction chamber 30 which can be used in quasi-continuously running process. This reaction chamber has vacuum connections 31 an 32 which are separated or separatable from the reaction chamber by valves 31 and 32. The reaction chamber 30 has doors 35 and 36 on opposite sides, in which supperimposed cathode pairs 37/38, 39/40, 41/42 and 43/44 are installed. To each of these cathode pairs is arranged in addition a gas inlet 17 and blinds- 19 as in Fig. 4. In the plane of symmetry E-E of all the cathode pairs a substrate holder 45 is movable, which is constructed of a framework. The principal- plane of this frame runs perpendicular to the plane of the drawing. In the individual stages of this frame are inserted a plurality of substrates 46 of which only three are shown by way of example.
By attaching different targets (shown by thick black lines) to the cathode pairs and/or differently supplying the individual cathode pairs with inert gas (argon) and reaction gas as well as shutting off the individual reaction zones between the cathode pairs by the blinds 19 in conjunction with an oscillating motion of the substrate holder in the direction of the two arrows, the above described coating packet can be built up alternately.
The operating parameters for the apparatus of Figs. 4 and 5 are, including the current supply system for the magnetron cathodes or cathode pairs, prior art so that further discussion here is not required.
Example 1: lh an apparatus according to Fig. 4, the cathode pair 13/14 had targets (thick black lines) of
titanium affixed, while the diametrically opposite cathode pair 15/16 had aluminium targets. As
substrates were used threadguides of CK 15 steel with an initial temperature below 200"C, which were inserted into the substrate holder 12.
According to the known initial cleaning procedure, the coating region between the magnetron
cathodes 13 and 14 was supplied via the gas inlet 17 with a mixture of argon and nitrogen,
while the coating region between the magnetron cathodes 15 and 16 is supplied with pure
argon via the gas inlet 18. After striking the glow discharge between the individual cathode pairs
the substrate holder 12 undergoes in total some 30 rotations.By corresponding adjustment of
the specific atomisation rates at the target faces in conjunction with a corresponding rotation of the substrate holder 12, such a dwell time of the substrates within the cathode pairs is attained
that the coating thickness of the thus formed TiN-layers reached 50nm and the coating thickness
of the thus formed Al-layers reached lOnm. There were formed altogether 30 layers of TiN and
30 layers of Al, of which 29 functioned as intermediate layers, while the lowermost formed a
bonding agent to the substrate. Despite a total coating thickness of 3600nm the thread guides
had extraordinary durability under normal usage conditions without any flaking being observed at
the places subject to high wear.
Example 2:
In an apparatus according to Fig. 5, the cathode pair 37/38 had targets affixed of a TiAI alloy,
while the remaining cathode pairs 39/40, 41/42 and 43/44 had titanium targets affixed. The
cathode pair with the TiAI targets were supplied with inert atomosing gas (argon) in the manner already described, while the tantalum targets were supplied with a reactive mixture of nitrogen
and argon. With roughiy equal atomising current at all cathode pairs there is produced on the
basis-of the surface propositions in the ratio 3:1 a corresponding layer thickness distribution
between the TaN-layers and the Ti/Al-layers. The alternating layer sequence is here achieved by
the oscillating motion of the substrate holder 45. Here too is produced a satisfactory durability
of the stampings used as substrates without flaking being observed in the regions of edges
subject to heavy wear.
Claims (6)
1. Process for coating machine parts and tools, preferably of temperature sensitive steels,
with high hardness materials of nitrogen and carbon compounds of metals from the group Ti, Zr,
Hf, Cr, Ta, W and Nb by reactive cathodic vapourisation of at least one of the said metals in a
nitrogen or carbon containing atmosphere under atomisation conditions, wherein metallic intermediate layers of at least one metal from the group Ti, Zr, Hf, Cr, Ta, W, Nb; Al, Ni and Fe are
applied by cathodic atomisation under substantially non-reactive conditions between individual
layers, comprising each only a fraction of the total coating thickness, of high hardness material
from the group TiN, TiC, TiCN; ZrN; -HfN, Cr2C3; TaC, TaN; WN, WC and NbN.
2. Process according to claim 1, wherein the coating is built up from 2 to 100 layers of high
hardness material and 1 to 99 metal layers in alternating sequence.
3. Process according to claim 1, wherein a thickness of from 50 to 1000nm is chosen for
the individual layers of high hardness material.
4. Process according to claim 1, wherein a thickness of from 5 to 100nm is chosen for-the
individual metal layers:
5. Process according to claim 1, wherein the ratio of layer thickness of the individual high
hardness material layers to that of the individual metal layers is chosen to be between 10:1 and
10:5.
6. Tools, preferably having a base body (substrate) of a temperature sensitive steel and a
coating of high hardness material of nitrogen and carbon componds of metals from the group Ti,
Zr, Hf, Cr, Ta, W and Nb, wherein between individual layers, each of only a fraction of the total coating thickness, of high hardness material from the group TiN, TiC, TiCN; ZrN; HfN; CrN, Cr2C3;
TaC, TaN; WN, WC; NbN are arranged metallic intermediate layers from the group Ti, Zr, Hf, Cr,
Ta, W, Nb; Al, Ni, Fe.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19853503105 DE3503105A1 (en) | 1985-01-30 | 1985-01-30 | METHOD FOR COATING MACHINE PARTS AND TOOLS WITH CARBIDE MATERIAL AND MACHINE PARTS AND TOOLS PRODUCED BY THE METHOD |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
GB8600580D0 GB8600580D0 (en) | 1986-02-19 |
GB2170226A true GB2170226A (en) | 1986-07-30 |
Family
ID=6261185
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
GB08600580A Withdrawn GB2170226A (en) | 1985-01-30 | 1986-01-10 | Coating machine parts and tools with high hardness material |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
JP (1) | JPS61177365A (en) |
BE (1) | BE904130A (en) |
DE (1) | DE3503105A1 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2576608A1 (en) |
GB (1) | GB2170226A (en) |
SE (1) | SE8600208L (en) |
Cited By (31)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0264654A1 (en) * | 1986-09-25 | 1988-04-27 | Union Carbide Corporation | Zircomium nitride coated article and method for making same |
EP0280089A1 (en) * | 1987-02-10 | 1988-08-31 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Process for the manufacture of a titanium/titanium nitride double layer for use as a contact and barrier layer in very large scale integrated circuits |
EP0289173A1 (en) * | 1987-04-30 | 1988-11-02 | The British Petroleum Company p.l.c. | Wear-resistant coated object |
EP0323434A1 (en) * | 1987-12-24 | 1989-07-05 | BÖHLER Gesellschaft m.b.H. | Wear part and process for the production thereof |
EP0366289A1 (en) * | 1988-10-11 | 1990-05-02 | Midwest Research Technologies, Inc. | Multi-layer wear resistant coatings |
GB2224515A (en) * | 1988-09-08 | 1990-05-09 | Beck August Gmbh Co | Cutting tip coated with hard material |
EP0371252A1 (en) * | 1988-11-04 | 1990-06-06 | Leybold Aktiengesellschaft | Process and apparatus for etching substrates with a low-pressure discharge assisted by a magnetic field |
GB2226334A (en) * | 1988-11-25 | 1990-06-27 | Atomic Energy Authority Uk | Multilayer coatings |
WO1992006224A1 (en) * | 1990-09-29 | 1992-04-16 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Component-coating process and device |
EP0499052A2 (en) * | 1991-02-12 | 1992-08-19 | BASF Aktiengesellschaft | Process for the production of articles with good surface properties |
USRE34173E (en) * | 1988-10-11 | 1993-02-02 | Midwest Research Technologies, Inc. | Multi-layer wear resistant coatings |
EP0703093A1 (en) * | 1994-09-24 | 1996-03-27 | MAN Roland Druckmaschinen AG | Cylinder, preferably for the dampening device of a printing machine |
GB2295124A (en) * | 1994-11-17 | 1996-05-22 | Acushnet Co | Method and apparatus for adding patterns to golf balls |
GB2324809A (en) * | 1997-04-30 | 1998-11-04 | Masco Corp | Article having a sandwich layer coating |
GB2324812A (en) * | 1997-04-30 | 1998-11-04 | Masco Corp | Article having a sandwich layer coating |
EP0875596A1 (en) * | 1997-04-30 | 1998-11-04 | Masco Corporation | Article having a decorative and protective coating |
GB2324810A (en) * | 1997-04-30 | 1998-11-04 | Masco Corp | Article having a sandwich layer coating |
GB2324813A (en) * | 1997-04-30 | 1998-11-04 | Masco Corp | Article having a sandwich layer coating |
GB2324807A (en) * | 1997-04-30 | 1998-11-04 | Masco Corp | Article having a sandwich layer coating |
GB2324808A (en) * | 1997-04-30 | 1998-11-04 | Masco Corp | Article having a sandwich layer coating |
EP0875598A1 (en) * | 1997-04-30 | 1998-11-04 | Masco Corporation | Article having a decorative and protective multi-layer coating |
GB2344109A (en) * | 1998-11-30 | 2000-05-31 | Masco Corp | Multi-layer coated article |
GB2344354A (en) * | 1998-12-03 | 2000-06-07 | Masco Corp | Multi-layer coated article |
WO2001068935A1 (en) * | 2000-03-10 | 2001-09-20 | Hauzer Techno Coating Europe B.V. | Method for producing hard material layers |
US6617057B2 (en) * | 1999-11-29 | 2003-09-09 | Vladimir Gorokhovsky | Composite vapor deposited coatings and process therefor |
EP1930457A1 (en) * | 2005-09-29 | 2008-06-11 | Kyocera Corporation | Sintered body and method for producing same; sliding member, film-forming material and die for hot extrusion molding each using such sintered body; and hot extrusion molding apparatus and hot extrusion molding method each using such die for hot extrusion molding |
US8124222B2 (en) | 2007-12-21 | 2012-02-28 | Sandvik Intellectual Property Ab | Coated cutting tool and method of making a coated cutting tool |
CN102560344A (en) * | 2010-12-24 | 2012-07-11 | 鸿富锦精密工业(深圳)有限公司 | Hard thin film, product provided with same, and production method of product |
EP2612710A1 (en) * | 2009-12-08 | 2013-07-10 | Dürr Systems GmbH | Painting system component having a surface coating |
US20130252023A1 (en) * | 2011-09-23 | 2013-09-26 | U.S. Manufacturing | Caden Edge Welding Process |
US20150284843A1 (en) * | 2014-04-07 | 2015-10-08 | Hyundai Motor Company | Coating layer of zirconium composite material and method of forming coating layer |
Families Citing this family (20)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3515919A1 (en) * | 1985-05-03 | 1986-11-06 | Fried. Krupp Gmbh, 4300 Essen | WEAR-RESISTANT COATED HARD METAL BODY AND METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF |
DE3715325A1 (en) * | 1987-05-08 | 1988-11-24 | Castolin Sa | METHOD FOR PRODUCING SLIDING SURFACES ON PARTS OF VEHICLE ENGINES |
JPH01198464A (en) * | 1988-02-02 | 1989-08-10 | Seikosha Co Ltd | Surface hardening treatment for iron and steel by sputtering |
US4851095A (en) * | 1988-02-08 | 1989-07-25 | Optical Coating Laboratory, Inc. | Magnetron sputtering apparatus and process |
JP2906411B2 (en) * | 1988-04-23 | 1999-06-21 | ソニー株式会社 | Method for manufacturing semiconductor device |
US5384201A (en) * | 1991-05-31 | 1995-01-24 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Tool for treating surfaces of structural parts and carrier material for the same |
DE4232429A1 (en) * | 1992-09-28 | 1994-03-31 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Tool for the treatment of surfaces of components and carrier material for this tool |
DE4209307C2 (en) * | 1992-03-21 | 1995-05-11 | Albrecht Josef Bohrfutter | Drill chuck |
JP3719731B2 (en) * | 1995-01-31 | 2005-11-24 | 日立ツール株式会社 | Coated cutting tool / Coated wear-resistant tool |
DE29714632U1 (en) * | 1997-08-16 | 1998-12-10 | P.D. Rasspe Söhne GmbH & Co. KG, 42651 Solingen | Knot hook |
DE59903546D1 (en) * | 1998-04-29 | 2003-01-09 | Unaxis Trading Ag Truebbach | TOOL OR MACHINE COMPONENT AND METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF AND VACUUM TREATMENT SYSTEM |
DE10109523A1 (en) * | 2001-02-28 | 2002-09-05 | Ceram Tec Ag Innovative Cerami | Component used for processing workpieces has hard material coating comprising intermediate layer between layers |
DE102004043550B4 (en) * | 2004-09-09 | 2012-02-16 | Schaeffler Technologies Gmbh & Co. Kg | Wear resistant coating, its use and method of making the same |
JP5660696B2 (en) * | 2008-09-30 | 2015-01-28 | Dowaサーモテック株式会社 | Hard coating member and method for producing the same |
JP5634669B2 (en) * | 2008-09-30 | 2014-12-03 | Dowaサーモテック株式会社 | Hard coating member and method for producing the same |
JP5660697B2 (en) * | 2008-09-30 | 2015-01-28 | Dowaサーモテック株式会社 | Hard coating member and method for producing the same |
JP5676854B2 (en) * | 2009-04-02 | 2015-02-25 | Dowaサーモテック株式会社 | Hard coating member and method for producing the same |
CN103953772B (en) * | 2014-04-21 | 2017-03-15 | 宁波丰基特种阀门有限公司 | Tungsten carbide nitrogenizes the superhard wear valve of chromium composite coat |
DE102017102059A1 (en) | 2017-02-02 | 2018-08-02 | Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen | Layer system and component |
CN110172671A (en) * | 2019-06-18 | 2019-08-27 | 南通大学 | A kind of aluminum or aluminum alloy casting mould cracking resistance protective film and preparation method |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB1342072A (en) * | 1971-04-19 | 1973-12-25 | Wilkinson Sword Ltd | Razor blades |
GB1352241A (en) * | 1971-04-13 | 1974-05-08 | Wilkinson Sword Ltd | Razor blades |
GB2110246A (en) * | 1981-02-23 | 1983-06-15 | Vni Instrument Inst | Multilayer coating for metal-cutting tool |
GB2130795A (en) * | 1982-11-17 | 1984-06-06 | Standard Telephones Cables Ltd | Electrical contacts |
GB2134930A (en) * | 1983-02-14 | 1984-08-22 | Vni Instrument Inst | Cutting tools with wear-resistant coating of heat-resisant compounds of high -melting metals and method for manufacturing same |
Family Cites Families (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB655661A (en) * | 1946-05-28 | 1951-08-01 | Alexander Frederic Fekete | Processes of protecting or finishing the surfaces of metallic, ceramic or plastic articles |
US3895156A (en) * | 1966-01-28 | 1975-07-15 | Gen Atomic Co | High strength composite |
JPS5515950A (en) * | 1978-07-20 | 1980-02-04 | Fujitsu Ltd | Forming method for non-stoichiometric compound film |
JPS5928628B2 (en) * | 1979-05-08 | 1984-07-14 | 三菱マテリアル株式会社 | Surface coated cemented carbide tools |
DD151010A3 (en) * | 1979-06-14 | 1981-09-30 | Manfred Rost | PROCESSING METHODS FOR SHAVING BLADES AND RASIER BLADES PRODUCED THEREBY |
DE3027256A1 (en) * | 1980-07-18 | 1982-02-18 | Robert Bosch Gmbh, 7000 Stuttgart | MULTILAYER SYSTEM FOR HEAT PROTECTION APPLICATIONS AND METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF |
JPS57120667A (en) * | 1981-01-17 | 1982-07-27 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | Lamination coating material |
DE3107914A1 (en) * | 1981-03-02 | 1982-09-16 | Leybold-Heraeus GmbH, 5000 Köln | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR COATING MOLDED PARTS BY CATODENSIONING |
DE3118957A1 (en) * | 1981-05-13 | 1982-12-09 | Degussa Ag, 6000 Frankfurt | Process for preparing a heat-resistant strongly adhering gold layer on an oxidic support material |
JPS5864380A (en) * | 1981-10-13 | 1983-04-16 | Seiko Instr & Electronics Ltd | External parts for timepieces |
DD202898A1 (en) * | 1981-11-02 | 1983-10-05 | Ruhla Uhren Veb K | HARDENER AND SOLID CARBON SHEET SYSTEM |
DE3246361A1 (en) * | 1982-02-27 | 1983-09-08 | Philips Patentverwaltung Gmbh, 2000 Hamburg | CARBON-CONTAINING SLIP LAYER |
NO157212C (en) * | 1982-09-21 | 1988-02-10 | Pilkington Brothers Plc | PROCEDURE FOR THE PREPARATION OF LOW EMISSION PATIENTS. |
DE3306738A1 (en) * | 1983-02-25 | 1984-08-30 | Berna AG Olten, Olten | Apparatus and process for coating substrates by glow discharge, and their application |
JPS605875A (en) * | 1983-06-23 | 1985-01-12 | Jeol Ltd | Film forming method |
-
1985
- 1985-01-30 DE DE19853503105 patent/DE3503105A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1986
- 1986-01-10 GB GB08600580A patent/GB2170226A/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1986-01-17 SE SE8600208A patent/SE8600208L/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1986-01-29 BE BE0/216199A patent/BE904130A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1986-01-30 JP JP1698686A patent/JPS61177365A/en active Pending
- 1986-01-30 FR FR8601319A patent/FR2576608A1/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB1352241A (en) * | 1971-04-13 | 1974-05-08 | Wilkinson Sword Ltd | Razor blades |
GB1342072A (en) * | 1971-04-19 | 1973-12-25 | Wilkinson Sword Ltd | Razor blades |
GB2110246A (en) * | 1981-02-23 | 1983-06-15 | Vni Instrument Inst | Multilayer coating for metal-cutting tool |
GB2130795A (en) * | 1982-11-17 | 1984-06-06 | Standard Telephones Cables Ltd | Electrical contacts |
GB2134930A (en) * | 1983-02-14 | 1984-08-22 | Vni Instrument Inst | Cutting tools with wear-resistant coating of heat-resisant compounds of high -melting metals and method for manufacturing same |
Cited By (55)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0264654A1 (en) * | 1986-09-25 | 1988-04-27 | Union Carbide Corporation | Zircomium nitride coated article and method for making same |
EP0280089A1 (en) * | 1987-02-10 | 1988-08-31 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Process for the manufacture of a titanium/titanium nitride double layer for use as a contact and barrier layer in very large scale integrated circuits |
EP0289173A1 (en) * | 1987-04-30 | 1988-11-02 | The British Petroleum Company p.l.c. | Wear-resistant coated object |
EP0323434A1 (en) * | 1987-12-24 | 1989-07-05 | BÖHLER Gesellschaft m.b.H. | Wear part and process for the production thereof |
GB2224515A (en) * | 1988-09-08 | 1990-05-09 | Beck August Gmbh Co | Cutting tip coated with hard material |
GB2224515B (en) * | 1988-09-08 | 1993-03-03 | Beck August Gmbh Co | Carbide cutting tool coated with hard material |
EP0366289A1 (en) * | 1988-10-11 | 1990-05-02 | Midwest Research Technologies, Inc. | Multi-layer wear resistant coatings |
USRE34173E (en) * | 1988-10-11 | 1993-02-02 | Midwest Research Technologies, Inc. | Multi-layer wear resistant coatings |
EP0371252A1 (en) * | 1988-11-04 | 1990-06-06 | Leybold Aktiengesellschaft | Process and apparatus for etching substrates with a low-pressure discharge assisted by a magnetic field |
GB2226334A (en) * | 1988-11-25 | 1990-06-27 | Atomic Energy Authority Uk | Multilayer coatings |
WO1992006224A1 (en) * | 1990-09-29 | 1992-04-16 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Component-coating process and device |
EP0499052A2 (en) * | 1991-02-12 | 1992-08-19 | BASF Aktiengesellschaft | Process for the production of articles with good surface properties |
EP0499052A3 (en) * | 1991-02-12 | 1993-06-23 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | Process for the production of articles with good surface properties |
EP0703093A1 (en) * | 1994-09-24 | 1996-03-27 | MAN Roland Druckmaschinen AG | Cylinder, preferably for the dampening device of a printing machine |
GB2295124A (en) * | 1994-11-17 | 1996-05-22 | Acushnet Co | Method and apparatus for adding patterns to golf balls |
GB2295124B (en) * | 1994-11-17 | 1998-09-30 | Acushnet Co | Method and apparatus for adding patterns to golf balls |
GB2324811A (en) * | 1997-04-30 | 1998-11-04 | Masco Corp | Article having a sandwich layer coating |
GB2324810B (en) * | 1997-04-30 | 2002-05-01 | Masco Corp | Article having a coating |
EP0875596A1 (en) * | 1997-04-30 | 1998-11-04 | Masco Corporation | Article having a decorative and protective coating |
GB2324810A (en) * | 1997-04-30 | 1998-11-04 | Masco Corp | Article having a sandwich layer coating |
GB2324813A (en) * | 1997-04-30 | 1998-11-04 | Masco Corp | Article having a sandwich layer coating |
GB2324806A (en) * | 1997-04-30 | 1998-11-04 | Masco Corp | Article having a sandwich layer coating |
GB2324807A (en) * | 1997-04-30 | 1998-11-04 | Masco Corp | Article having a sandwich layer coating |
EP0875597A1 (en) * | 1997-04-30 | 1998-11-04 | Masco Corporation | Article having a decorative and protective multi-layer coating |
GB2324808A (en) * | 1997-04-30 | 1998-11-04 | Masco Corp | Article having a sandwich layer coating |
EP0875598A1 (en) * | 1997-04-30 | 1998-11-04 | Masco Corporation | Article having a decorative and protective multi-layer coating |
GB2324809A (en) * | 1997-04-30 | 1998-11-04 | Masco Corp | Article having a sandwich layer coating |
FR2762853A1 (en) * | 1997-04-30 | 1998-11-06 | Masco Corp | ARTICLE COATED WITH POLISHED BRASS COLORED MULTI-LAYER COATING FOR PROTECTION AGAINST ABRASION AND CORROSION |
FR2762857A1 (en) * | 1997-04-30 | 1998-11-06 | Masco Corp | ARTICLE HAVING A MULTILAYER DECORATIVE AND PROTECTIVE COATING |
FR2762859A1 (en) * | 1997-04-30 | 1998-11-06 | Masco Corp | ARTICLE HAVING A DECORATIVE AND PROTECTIVE COATING |
FR2762855A1 (en) * | 1997-04-30 | 1998-11-06 | Masco Corp | ARTICLE COATED WITH A COLORED MULTI-LAYER COATING OF POLISHED BRASS, PROVIDING PROTECTION AGAINST ABRASION AND CORROSION |
GB2324812B (en) * | 1997-04-30 | 2002-04-24 | Masco Corp | Article having a coating |
GB2324811B (en) * | 1997-04-30 | 2002-05-01 | Masco Corp | Article having a decorative and protective multi-layer coating |
GB2324813B (en) * | 1997-04-30 | 2002-05-01 | Masco Corp | Article having a coating thereon |
GB2324809B (en) * | 1997-04-30 | 2002-05-01 | Masco Corp | Coated article |
GB2324812A (en) * | 1997-04-30 | 1998-11-04 | Masco Corp | Article having a sandwich layer coating |
GB2324807B (en) * | 1997-04-30 | 2002-05-01 | Masco Corp | Coated article |
GB2324806B (en) * | 1997-04-30 | 2002-05-01 | Masco Corp | Article having a decorative and protective coating |
GB2324808B (en) * | 1997-04-30 | 2002-05-01 | Masco Corp | Coated article |
GB2344109A (en) * | 1998-11-30 | 2000-05-31 | Masco Corp | Multi-layer coated article |
GB2344109B (en) * | 1998-11-30 | 2003-06-04 | Masco Corp | Coated article |
GB2344354A (en) * | 1998-12-03 | 2000-06-07 | Masco Corp | Multi-layer coated article |
US6617057B2 (en) * | 1999-11-29 | 2003-09-09 | Vladimir Gorokhovsky | Composite vapor deposited coatings and process therefor |
WO2001068935A1 (en) * | 2000-03-10 | 2001-09-20 | Hauzer Techno Coating Europe B.V. | Method for producing hard material layers |
EP1930457A4 (en) * | 2005-09-29 | 2012-08-22 | Kyocera Corp | Sintered body and method for producing same; sliding member, film-forming material and die for hot extrusion molding each using such sintered body; and hot extrusion molding apparatus and hot extrusion molding method each using such die for hot extrusion molding |
EP1930457A1 (en) * | 2005-09-29 | 2008-06-11 | Kyocera Corporation | Sintered body and method for producing same; sliding member, film-forming material and die for hot extrusion molding each using such sintered body; and hot extrusion molding apparatus and hot extrusion molding method each using such die for hot extrusion molding |
US8124222B2 (en) | 2007-12-21 | 2012-02-28 | Sandvik Intellectual Property Ab | Coated cutting tool and method of making a coated cutting tool |
EP2612710A1 (en) * | 2009-12-08 | 2013-07-10 | Dürr Systems GmbH | Painting system component having a surface coating |
EP2509714B1 (en) | 2009-12-08 | 2018-02-07 | Dürr Systems AG | Painting system component having a modified surface |
EP2612710B1 (en) | 2009-12-08 | 2018-02-07 | Dürr Systems AG | Painting system component having a modified surface |
EP2509714B2 (en) † | 2009-12-08 | 2020-06-24 | Dürr Systems AG | Painting system component having a modified surface |
CN102560344A (en) * | 2010-12-24 | 2012-07-11 | 鸿富锦精密工业(深圳)有限公司 | Hard thin film, product provided with same, and production method of product |
US20130252023A1 (en) * | 2011-09-23 | 2013-09-26 | U.S. Manufacturing | Caden Edge Welding Process |
US9090041B2 (en) * | 2011-09-23 | 2015-07-28 | U.S. Manufacturing | Caden edge welding process |
US20150284843A1 (en) * | 2014-04-07 | 2015-10-08 | Hyundai Motor Company | Coating layer of zirconium composite material and method of forming coating layer |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR2576608A1 (en) | 1986-08-01 |
BE904130A (en) | 1986-05-15 |
GB8600580D0 (en) | 1986-02-19 |
JPS61177365A (en) | 1986-08-09 |
SE8600208L (en) | 1986-07-31 |
SE8600208D0 (en) | 1986-01-17 |
DE3503105A1 (en) | 1986-07-31 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
GB2170226A (en) | Coating machine parts and tools with high hardness material | |
US4871434A (en) | Process for equipment to coat tools for machining and forming techniques with mechanically resistant layers | |
US4402994A (en) | Highly hard material coated articles | |
US5330853A (en) | Multilayer Ti-Al-N coating for tools | |
Boxman et al. | Principles and applications of vacuum arc coatings | |
JP3386484B2 (en) | Coated high wear resistant tools and methods of physically coating high wear resistant tools | |
US5897942A (en) | Coated body, method for its manufacturing as well as its use | |
RU2456371C2 (en) | Laminated system with layer of mixed crystals of multicomponent oxide | |
US4749587A (en) | Process for depositing layers on substrates in a vacuum chamber | |
US5587233A (en) | Composite body and its use | |
Matthews | Titanium nitride PVD coating technology | |
Nakamura et al. | Applications of wear-resistant thick films formed by physical vapor deposition processes | |
JP4908711B2 (en) | Method for producing a composite layer using a plasma radiation source | |
US3791852A (en) | High rate deposition of carbides by activated reactive evaporation | |
US5643343A (en) | Abrasive material for precision surface treatment and a method for the manufacturing thereof | |
JP2005305632A (en) | Abrasive for precision surface treatment and its manufacturing method | |
JPH0633451B2 (en) | Surface treatment method of work piece | |
JPH09510500A (en) | Method for forming a layer of cubic boron nitride | |
JPH03207854A (en) | Method for manufacture of covering and workpiece covered by said method | |
US5750207A (en) | System and method for depositing coating of modulated composition | |
US5711773A (en) | Abrasive material for precision surface treatment and a method for the manufacturing thereof | |
JPH06346226A (en) | Improvement of life of tool and tool coated with wearproof layer | |
Singh et al. | An overview: Electron beam-physical vapor deposition technology-Present and future applications | |
CN1039354C (en) | Workpeace coated with solid solution layer and method for its production | |
JP2989746B2 (en) | Steel-based composite surface-treated product and its manufacturing method |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
WAP | Application withdrawn, taken to be withdrawn or refused ** after publication under section 16(1) |