GB2157600A - Producing continuous-casting moulds - Google Patents
Producing continuous-casting moulds Download PDFInfo
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- GB2157600A GB2157600A GB08509938A GB8509938A GB2157600A GB 2157600 A GB2157600 A GB 2157600A GB 08509938 A GB08509938 A GB 08509938A GB 8509938 A GB8509938 A GB 8509938A GB 2157600 A GB2157600 A GB 2157600A
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- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- mould
- wear
- metal
- process according
- layer
- Prior art date
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- Granted
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- 238000009749 continuous casting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 35
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010285 flame spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007750 plasma spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000990 Ni alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000531 Co alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 229910000599 Cr alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 229910001347 Stellite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- AHICWQREWHDHHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium;cobalt;iron;manganese;methane;molybdenum;nickel;silicon;tungsten Chemical compound C.[Si].[Cr].[Mn].[Fe].[Co].[Ni].[Mo].[W] AHICWQREWHDHHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 3
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000002347 wear-protection layer Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052755 nonmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000002843 nonmetals Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten carbide Chemical compound [W+]#[C-] UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Alumina Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 6
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 5
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trioxochromium Chemical compound O=[Cr](=O)=O WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UFGZSIPAQKLCGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium carbide Chemical compound [Cr]#C[Cr]C#[Cr] UFGZSIPAQKLCGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000423 chromium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009718 spray deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910003470 tongbaite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SCHFRTJTGGBSJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N [C].[Si].[B].[Fe].[Cr].[Ni] Chemical compound [C].[Si].[B].[Fe].[Cr].[Ni] SCHFRTJTGGBSJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 description 1
- SJKRCWUQJZIWQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N azane;chromium Chemical compound N.[Cr] SJKRCWUQJZIWQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000788 chromium alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- SZMZREIADCOWQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium cobalt nickel Chemical compound [Cr].[Co].[Ni] SZMZREIADCOWQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005474 detonation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010283 detonation spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005324 grain boundary diffusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydridophosphorus(.) (triplet) Chemical compound [PH] BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum disulfide Chemical compound S=[Mo]=S CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KJKKZSJXJPPWSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,6-dimethylhept-5-en-2-amine;1,5-dimethyl-2-phenylpyrazol-3-one;n-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamide;2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxyhexanedioic acid;2,2,2-trichloroethane-1,1-diol Chemical compound OC(O)C(Cl)(Cl)Cl.OC(O)C(Cl)(Cl)Cl.CNC(C)CCC=C(C)C.CC(=O)NC1=CC=C(O)C=C1.CN1C(C)=CC(=O)N1C1=CC=CC=C1.OC(=O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)=O KJKKZSJXJPPWSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007751 thermal spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MTPVUVINMAGMJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethyl)silane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F MTPVUVINMAGMJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ITRNXVSDJBHYNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten disulfide Chemical compound S=[W]=S ITRNXVSDJBHYNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/04—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into open-ended moulds
- B22D11/059—Mould materials or platings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
- C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
- C23C24/10—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C26/00—Coating not provided for in groups C23C2/00 - C23C24/00
- C23C26/02—Coating not provided for in groups C23C2/00 - C23C24/00 applying molten material to the substrate
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/02—Iron or ferrous alloys
- B23K2103/04—Steel or steel alloys
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Coating By Spraying Or Casting (AREA)
- Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
- Electroplating Methods And Accessories (AREA)
- Continuous Casting (AREA)
- Moulds For Moulding Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
- Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
- Molds, Cores, And Manufacturing Methods Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
In the manufacture of moulds from copper materials for steel continuous-casting installations, a wear-protection layer is produced as a result of the action of a laser. Material for forming the wear-protection layer initially is disposed on the copper mould cavity surface and then subjected to a laser beam. The resulting layer is fused to the mould body and, hence, is resistant to faking off. The material may comprise nickel or chromium, and may include additional metals, non-metals or metallic carbides etc. Solid lubricants may also be added.
Description
SPECIFICATION
Producing continuous-casting moulds
This invention relates to the production of moulds from materials comprising copper, suitable for steel continuous- casting systems, with a wear-resistant layer on the shaping surface(s) defining the mould cavity.
As is known, continuous-casting moulds which are made from materials comprising copper because of the high thermal conductivity of these materials are used for the continuous casting of metals of high melting point, e.g. iron and steel.
Having regard to the intended use, a distinction must be made between one-part and multi-part moulds; one-part moulds are produced from seamlessly pressed or cast tubes or from welded sheets or strips, whereas multi-part moulds consist of a plurality of components clamped together in a frame to form the mould cavity.
A common feature of all these mould designs is that, because of the high heat throughout in the region of the bath level, the cast billet or the slab solidifies rapidly in the outer zone facing the mould wall, thereby forming a thin shell, which lifts off from the mould wall and is pressed on again by the melt flowing along after it. The resulting uneven cooling conditions prevailing around the periphery and along the length of the extrusion cause mechanical stresses in the shell of the extrusion, which can lead to hot cracks and perforations.
However, continuous-casting mould inserts made of materials comprising copper also undergo considerable wear in the mould cavity as a result of friction with the solidified shell of the extrusion, and because of slag particles flowing in between the extrusion and the mould cavity. The resulting dimensional change in the inside measurements of the mould significantly shortens the possible service life of the moulds. Another disadvantage is that certain grades of steel absorb copper, thus resulting in grain-boundary diffusion and consequently the feared red-shortness of the steel.
To avoid these difficulties, it has already been proposed to apply wear-resistant coverings to the melt-contacing inner surfaces of the mould, or to provide, in the region of the bath level, inserts consisting of a material having lower thermal conductivity than the material of the mould body (German
Laid- open Specification (Offenlegungsschrift) 1,957,332). The coverings are intended to increase the abrasion resistance of the mould and consequently its service life, and the inserts offer the possibility of regulating the heat throughput as a function of the mould height.
For example, a chronium or nickel layer has already been applied electrolytically to a mould surface coming in contact with the melt. However, despite its high hardness, chromium has the disadvantage that only relatively thin layers, for example up to 250 microns, can be applied, since otherwise this layer flakes off because of the different coefficients of expansion of the mould material and the coating material, and because of low adhesion. Another disadvantage of the thin electrolytically applied layers of usually 60 to 150 microns' thickness is that, because of the low strength of the supporting base layer of copper material, they can easily be perforated when subjected to mechanical stress by hard objects.
Nickel or nickel alloys alloyed, for example, with cobalt or iron behave in a more favourable way than chromium in this respect, and even layers of up to a few milimetres can be applied to plane or gently shaped plates. However, the hardness of such layers is low in comparison with chromium, and in addition the layer thickness obtainable in the case of rectangular or square moulds, for example mould tubes for producing billets, is restricted to approximately 150 to 200 microns because of the unfavourable dispersibility of the electrolytes, since otherwise the inner contour and dimension accuracy would change unduly.
In addition to the process for electrolytic or chemical coating, for example nickel with dispersions of phosphorous, boron or the inclusion of hard materials, for example silicon carbide, it has also been proposed to employ thermal spraying processes, such as wire flame-spraying, powder flame-spraying, plasma-spraying or detonation plasma-spraying. Molybdenum, aluminium bronzes, manganese bronzes and hard metals of the nickel-chromium-boron-silicon-iron-carbon type have been used as coating materials in these cases.
However, the adhesion of these layers applied by means of spraying proceses has proved inadequate, and moreover such spray layers are more or less porous, have microcracks, and are heterogeneous and anisotropic. There is no question of achieving a possible improvement in the adhesion between the moult material and the applied layer as a result of preheating of the mould insert, since this would cause a softening of the cold- formed mould, and, where open work is concerned, that is to say work without a protective-gas shield, there is also inadmissible oxidation of the shaping mould walls.
This being the state of the art, it is an object of the present invention to enable layers of wear-resistant materials of high quality to be applied permanently to the shaping surfaces of mould inserts.
According to the invention, there is provided a process for producing moulds from materials comprising copper, suitable for steel continuous-casting installations, the moulds having a wear resistant layer on the shaping surface(s) defining the mould cavity, wherein the wear-resistant layer is produced by means of a laser beam. The high energy-density of the beam results in zonal melting of the layer material, but also of the mould surface on the interspace region. This leads to a metallic bond forming between the copper material of the mould and the layer materials. A mechanically firm and permanent clamping of the adjoining metal layers is consequently achieved, and the wearing layer is prevented from flaking off even over a relatively long period of operation.The present zonal heating, being a narrowly restricted and relatively brief heating, avoids softening of the cold-formed mould, and a further particular advantage is that the layers applied or the layers hardened and tempered after application are practically free of cracks and pores.
In putting the invention into practice, one may initially apply, with bonding, a metal layer or a metal-containing layer to the shaping surface(s) of the mould, and subsequently unite this layer metallurgically with the copper material of the mould by fusion under the influence of the laser beam.
The said layer, which can, for example, be an electrolytically applied nickel or chromium layer, can be treated by means of a laser beam over the entire surface of the mould cavity, but this laser beam treatment can also be restricted to predetermined regions, viz. the regions of the mould which are subjected to particularly high mechanical stress. For example, it can often be sufficient simply to unite the wear-resistant metal or metal- containing layer metallurgically with the mould material only in the region of maximum mechanical stress caused by the continuous -casting extrusion, for example in a lower part of the mould.
This consequently prevents the applied layer of e.g. nickel or chromium from flaking off even in this region, and at the same time affords a hardening and tempering of the layer, improving it in terms of freedom from cracks and pores.
In producing wear-resistant layers by means of a laser beam in accordance with the present invention, one may also initially apply a metal or metalcontaining layer, with bonding, to the shaping surface(s) of the mould and subsequently add to the material of this layer, under the influence of the laser beam, one or more alloying additives which increase wear resistance. For example, an electrolytically applied nickel layer as mentioned above can be used for alloying, and suitable alloy powders, e.g. tungsten carbide, chromium, silicon, iron, or cobalt can be added, alone or in mixture,by means of a laser.
By means of a process according to the invention, wear- resistant layers up to a thickness of several millimetres can be applied permanently and with excellent quality without difficulty.
It is also possible, in accordance with the present invention, to produce the wear-resistant layer by applying the requisite wear-resistant material to the shaping surface(s) of the mould by means of the laser beam by a build-up welding technique.
Almost all the materials known in spray deposition processes are suitable for this purpose, e.g. up to 90% by weight of tungsten carbide on a cobalt base, tungsten carbide with a nickel base, tungsten carbide with a nickel-cobalt-chromium base, selfflowing materials on a nickel base with chromium, boron, silicon, iron and carbon and with additives of tungsten carbide up to 75% by weight, as well as stellites.
An appropriate procedure here is to apply the said material, in the form of metal powder or metal-containing powder, to the shaping mould surface(s) in a locality immediately ahead of the point of impact of the laser beam and to fuse it on in that locality; the feed devices usually employed in (e.g.) plasma processes may be utilised here. As a result of the simultaneous fusion of the mould wall in the region near the boundary, a perfect metallic diffusion bond with the copper material of the mould wall can be achieved.Such build-up welds are practically pore-free, and also it is no longer possible to separate the coating and the base material during bending tests.
A further possibility faliling within the ambit of the invention is to apply the wear-resistant material to the shaping surface(s) of the mould, for example by means of an ordinary spray deposition process, and afterwards to remelt it zone- wise by means of a laser beam, the metallic bond between the layer initially applied and the base material of the mould being made only during this remelting operation.
A still further possibility falling within the ambit of the invention is one in which incorporation or embeding of one or more materials, increasing wear resistance, into the superficial region of the shaping mould surface(s), is effected under the influence of the laser beam. For this purpose, the wear- resistance increasing materials, e.g. carbides or nitrides, can be incorporated or embedded in the above-mentioned metal or metal-containing layer, under the influence of the laser beam; thus they can be incorporated mechanically into e.g. an electrolytically applied layer of nickel or chromium while fusion is being affected in this layer be means of a laser.However, wear resistance increasing materials can also be incorporated or embedded in this way directly into the superficial regions of the shaping mould surface(s), so that the wear-resistant layer is formed by the solid particles incorporated or embedded in the copper material of the mould.
Certain "self-lubricating" continuous-casting moulds are known (German Patent Specification 2,930,572), and these employ a composite superficial layer consisting of a solid lubricant, e.g. graphite, and one or more of chromium, nickel and cobalt. The function of this layer is to provide a low coefficient of friction at high temperatures, without additional lubricants, so that the draw-off resistance of the continuous-casting extrusion is reduced.The present invention offers a further advantageous possibility here. In particular, by means of the laser, one or more solid lubricants, e.g. boron mitride, or chromium nitride, as also chromium carbide, tungsten carbide, molybdenum disulphide or tungsten disulphide, can be additionally incorporated in the wear-resistant layer at the same time as this layer is being produced.
As already indicated, the above-mentioned metal or metal- containiong layer which may be applied to the shaping surface(s) of the mould with bonding may be applied electrolytically, for example as a pure nickel or chromium layer.This layer can subsequently be united metallurgically with the mould wall by means of a laser. Also, however, it can serve for alloying with additional constituents, or be used as a matrix for incorporating wearing bodies.
Alternative techniques for the application of the said metal or metal-containing layer include plasma-spraying, flame- spraying and flame shockspraying (detonation spraying); known devices can be used for this purpose. Spray-deposited layers, for example comprising tungsten carbide, chromium carbide or titanium carbide, or again aluminium oxide or chromium oxide, with or without alloying additives, e.g. cobalt, nickel, chromium or molybdenum, can be applied by these processes.
Another possibility is to apply the said metal or metal- containing layer by explosion plating. Treatment by means of a laser beam for the relevant purposes can then be carried out subsequently.
Depending on the requirements applicable in any particular case, a wide variety of materials or combinations of materials can be used for the purposes of the invention. Thus, a nickel- chromiumcobalt alloy can be used advantageously as a base for the above-mentioned metal or metal-containing layer, but "multi- component" cobalt-chromium alloys (stellites) have also proved valuable for the purposes of the invention. The said metal or metalcontaining layer can consist of a metal-base matrix in which are incorporated bodies of wear-resistance increasing materials, e.g. carbides or nitrides; again, it can contain metal oxides, e.g. chromium oxide, titanium oxide or aluminium oxide, or a mixture of two or more thereof.
The wear-resistant layers formed in accordance with the invention on mould surfaces will be disposed in typical cases in at least the base or lower region of the mould, this being the region exposed to the highest wearing stressed during operation.
In connection with the above-mentioned proposal (German Laid- open Specification (Offenlegungsschrift) 1,957,332) to provide inserts in the region of the bath level, in order thereby to obtain a lower thermal conductivity of the mould or a higher wall temperature, the invention affords additional advantages. Thus, in accordance with the present invention, it is possible to fill, for example, a rectangular or wedge-shaped groove in the region of the bath level of a plate mould with an appropriate metal powder and to fuse it into the groove by the use of a laser beam. Gaps do not in this case form between the groove wall and the introduced insert in as much as the insert is in practice integrated metallurgically into the mould wall in the groove region as a result of a metallic bond between the mould and insert, near their interface.
The invention will be explained in greater detail with reference to the accompanying diagrammatic drawing, in which each of Figures 1 to 6 is a crosssection of a mould wall.The Figures show various mould inserts, comprising not only complete layers but also tubular seamless inserts and welded inserts, as indicated more specifically below.
Thus, in the case of Figure 1, the shaping surface of a mould wall 1 has been provided, by means of a 5-W laser, with a wear- resistant coating 2 extending over the entire height.For this purpose, the mould wall 1, e.g. a plate of CuAg, had a powdery material composed of a mixture of 75 % by weight of WC, 21 % by weight of Ni, 3.5 % by weight of
Cr, 0.5 % by weight of B, 0.8 % by weight of Si and 0.8 % by weight of Fe, applied to it by means of an appropriate form of metering device ahead of the point of impact of the laser beam on the mould wall so that the powdery material was fused on, the metering device and laser beam being moved in synchronism. At a working speed of approximately 0.3 to 0.6 cm2/sec, it was thus possible to apply a wear-resistant layer in a thickness of 1.5mm.Perfect metallic diffusion bonding with the base material of the mould, with a hardness of the alloying layer of HV 1070, was achieved, and the layer was practically pore-free. No operation in the nature of "material build-up by flame or plasma spraying" was needed here.
The coating provided in accordance with the invention can also be used particularly advantageously in combination with a layer produced electrolytically. Thus, for example, a nickel layer 0.7mm thick can be deposited on the entire inner surface of the mould to prevent copper diffusion, and subsequently this layer (or merely a region of it subjected to the highest wearing stress) can be alloyed by means of a suitably formulated alloying powder e.g. comprising tungsten carbide, chromium, silicon, iron or cobalt, under the influence of the laser.
In the case of Figures 2 to 4, a recess has been provided in the base region of a "plate mould" 3.
A chromium layer 5 (Figure 3) of approximately 80 microns thickness has been applied electrolytically to the entire mould plate including the recess 4. To increase wear resistance in the base region, a powder mixture, for example consisting of 60% by weight of tungsten carbide, 29% by weight of nickel, 2% by weight of boron, 2 % by weight of silicon, 2 % by weight of iron and 0.5 % by weight of carbon, has subsequently been introduced additionally into the recess 4 and fused on by means of a laser, so that a hard-metal layer 6 (Figure 4) has been obtained in this region. An advantage of this procedure is that the chromium of layer 5 already present in the recess 4 can contribute to the alloying of the wear-resistant layer 6. It has been found possible to achieve by this procedure degrees of hardness of HV 1020.
Useful hardness values can also be obtained if the powder mixture incorporates a combination of nickel, boron, silicon, iron and carbon without tungsten carbide, or employs cobalt instead of nickel, or even used a nickel/cobalt combination.
For the purposes of the present invention, it is also possible to replace the chromium coating 5 by, for example, a nickel coating, formulating the alloy powder accordingly. Moreover, TiC or Cr can be used successully instead of tungsten carbide.
In the case of Figure 5, a mould wall 7 consisting of a material comprising copper has an insert 8 of rectangular cross- section in the region of the bath level. When a powder mixture, for example an Ni
Al combination with 3 to 5 % by weight of Al, was introduced into an appropriately prepared groove in the mould wall and this powder was subsequently fused in by means of a laser-beam arrangement, it was possible to achieve a durable anchoring efgect.The invention thus also provides a solution to the problem of producing thicker securely bonded coverings or inserts, without the danger of gaps forming between an insert such as that shown at 8 and an adjoining mould wall. This applies particularly to the mould regions in which lower thermal conductivity or a higher wall temperature of the mould is desired, as in the casting of sensitive steels, often.
Finally, Figure 6 shows a wedge-shaped insert 10 composed of a material of lower thermal conductivity disposed in the region of the bath level of a mould wall 9. The insert too is securely embedded in the mould wall, a diffusion bond having been formed with the adjoining surfaces of the mould wall as a result of fusion by means of a laser.
Claims (28)
1. Process for producing moulds from materials comprising copper, suitable for steel continuouscasting installations, the moulds having a wear-resistant layer on the shaping surface(s) defining the mould cavity, wherein the wear-resistant layer is produced by means of a laser beam.
2. Process according to claim 1, wherein the wear-resistant layer is produced by initially applying a metal layer or a metal-containing layer, with bonding, to the shaping surface(s) of the mould, and subsequently uniting this layer metallurgically with the copper material of the mould by fusion under the influence of the laser beams.
3. Process according to claim 2, wherein the said metal or metal-containing layer is united metallurgically with the copper material of the mould, under the influence of the laser beam, only in a predetermined region, this being a region exposed to particularly high mechanical stress in continuous-casting extrusion.
4. Process according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the wear-resistant layer is produced by initially applying a metal or metal- containing layer, with bonding, to the shaping surface(s) of the mold, and subsequently adding one or more alloying additives which increase wear resistance to the material of this layer under the influence of the laser beam.
5. Process according to claim 1, wherein the wear-resistant layer is produced by applying the requisite wear-resistant material to the shaping surface(s) of the mould by means of the laser beam by a build-up welding technique.
6. Process according to claim 5, wherein the said material, in the form of metal powder or metal-containing powder, is applied to the shaping mold surface(s) in a locality immediately ahead of the point of impact of the laser beam and is fused on in that locality.
7. Process according to any of claims 1 to 6, wherein incorporation or embedding of one or more materials increasing wear resistance, into the superficial regions of the shaping mould surface(s), is effected under the influence of the laser beam.
8. Process according to any of claims 2 to 4 wherein incorporation or embedding of one or more material increasing wear resistance, in the said metal or metal-containing layer, is effected under the influence of the laser beam.
9. Process according to any of claims 1 to 8, wherein one or more solid lubricants are additionally incorporated in the wear-resistant layer produced by means of the laser beams.
10. Process according to any of claims 4 to 9, wherein the addition andjor incorporation or embedding of alloying additives or other materials increasing the wear resistance andlor build-up welding are carried out, by means of the laser beam, only in a predetermined region, this being a region of particularly high mechanical stress in continuous-casting extrusion.
11. Process according to any of claims 2 to 4 and 7 to 10, wherein the metal or metal-containing layer is applied electrolytically.
12. Process according to any of claims 2 to 4 and 7 to 10, wherein the metal or metal-containing layer is applied by plasma-spraying, flame-spraying or flame shock-spraying.
13. Process according to any of claims 2 to 4 and 7 to 10, wherein the metal or metal-containing layer is applied by explosion plating.
14. Process according to any of claims 1 to 13, wherein nickel or chromium is a principal constituent of the wear-resistant layer.
15. Process according to any of claims 1 to 13, wherein an alloy of nickel, chromium and cobalt is a principal constituent of the wear-resistant layer.
16. Process according to any of claims 1 to 13, wherein a multi-component alloy of cobalt and chromium (ie., a stellite) is a principal constituent of the wear-resistant layer.
17. Process according to any of claims 1 to 16, wherein the wear-resistant layer comprises a metallic matrix in which are incorporated or embedded bodies of a carbide or nitride or other wearresistant material.
18. Process according to any of claims 1 to 17, wherein the wear-resistant layer contains one or more metal oxides.
19. Process according to claim 1, substantially as described with reference to any Figure (s) of the accompanying drawing.
20. Continuous-casting mould produced by a process according to any of claims 1 to 19 and having a wear-resistant layer on the shaping inner surface(s) of the mould wall, wherein the wear-resistant layer has been at least partially metallurgically united with the mould wall after the fusion of at least a superficial region of the mould wall.
21. Mould according to claim 20, wherein at least a lower region of the mould has a wear-resistant layer united metallurgically with the mould wall.
22. Mould according to claim 21, wherein the wear-resistant layer provided in the said lower region of the mould has a greater thickness than that provided in its remaining region.
23. Mould according to claim 20, wherein a wear-resistant layer, which additinally is of lower thermal conductivity, is provided in the region of the bath level.
24. Mould according to claim 23, wherein the wear-resistant layer of lower thermal conductivity is provided in the form of inserts disposed in the region of the bath level.
25. Mould according to claim 24, wherein the inserts have a cross-section which is wedgeshaped, or in the form of a part of a wedge, and have their boundary surfaces converging in the intended direction of flow of the extrusion.
26. Mould according to claim 20, 21, 22, 23, 24 or 25, wherein the region of the mould wall which has solidified after the said fusion contains alloying constituents differing, in nature and/or proportion, from those contained in the regions in its vicinity.
27. Continuous-casting mould substantially as described with Figure 1, Figures 2-4, Figure 5 or
Figure 6 of the accompanying drawing.
28. A continuous casting process wherein the metal being cast is cast in a mould as claimed in any of claims 20 to 27.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19843415050 DE3415050A1 (en) | 1984-04-21 | 1984-04-21 | METHOD FOR PRODUCING A CONTINUOUS CASTING CHILL WITH A WEAR-RESISTANT LAYER |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
GB8509938D0 GB8509938D0 (en) | 1985-05-30 |
GB2157600A true GB2157600A (en) | 1985-10-30 |
GB2157600B GB2157600B (en) | 1987-09-30 |
Family
ID=6234131
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
GB08509938A Expired GB2157600B (en) | 1984-04-21 | 1985-04-18 | Producing continuous-casting moulds |
Country Status (14)
Country | Link |
---|---|
JP (1) | JPS60234958A (en) |
KR (1) | KR920002009B1 (en) |
AT (1) | AT387405B (en) |
BR (1) | BR8501892A (en) |
CA (1) | CA1240479A (en) |
CH (1) | CH667412A5 (en) |
DE (1) | DE3415050A1 (en) |
FI (1) | FI851566L (en) |
FR (1) | FR2563130B1 (en) |
GB (1) | GB2157600B (en) |
IN (1) | IN163575B (en) |
IT (1) | IT1184754B (en) |
SE (1) | SE8501910L (en) |
ZA (1) | ZA852966B (en) |
Cited By (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2166377A (en) * | 1984-11-05 | 1986-05-08 | Kabel Metallwerke Ghh | Continous-casting moulds |
FR2590188A1 (en) * | 1985-11-15 | 1987-05-22 | Siderurgie Fse Inst Rech | CONTINUOUS CASTING LINGOTIERE WITH HOT HEAD |
GB2184380A (en) * | 1985-11-18 | 1987-06-24 | Daido Metal Co | Making composite material |
EP0320572A2 (en) * | 1987-12-17 | 1989-06-21 | Kawasaki Steel Corporation | Cooling roll for producing quenched thin metal tape |
WO1992019399A1 (en) * | 1991-04-27 | 1992-11-12 | Foseco International Limited | Insert for vessels or conduits containing molten metal |
EP0664349A1 (en) * | 1994-01-25 | 1995-07-26 | DEUTSCHE FORSCHUNGSANSTALT FÜR LUFT- UND RAUMFAHRT e.V. | Process for coating copper-based materials |
EP0915184A1 (en) * | 1997-11-06 | 1999-05-12 | Sulzer Innotec Ag | Process for producing a ceramic layer on a metallic substrate |
WO2001014084A1 (en) * | 1999-08-26 | 2001-03-01 | Concast Standard Ag | Ingot mould for the continuous casting of steel into billet and cogged ingot formats |
WO2002047848A1 (en) * | 2000-12-11 | 2002-06-20 | Concast Standard Ag | Ingot mold for the continuous casting of a steel melt |
WO2002072916A1 (en) * | 2001-02-21 | 2002-09-19 | Fortum Oyj | Method for laser coating of copper and copper alloys |
EP1629957A1 (en) * | 2004-08-24 | 2006-03-01 | Hachtel, Friedrich | Injection mould |
WO2006094935A1 (en) * | 2005-03-05 | 2006-09-14 | Alstom Technology Ltd | Turbine blades and methods for depositing an erosion resistant coating on the same |
US10900111B2 (en) | 2015-07-23 | 2021-01-26 | Tocalo Co., Ltd. | Method for producing surface-modified component |
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DE19632573A1 (en) * | 1996-08-13 | 1998-02-19 | Abb Patent Gmbh | Producing a contact unit for a vacuum chamber and resultant contact unit |
DE19852473C5 (en) * | 1998-11-13 | 2005-10-06 | Sms Demag Ag | Chill plate of a continuous casting plant |
DE102005061135A1 (en) * | 2005-12-19 | 2007-06-28 | Siemens Ag | Mold for a continuous casting plant and process for producing a mold |
DE102007002806A1 (en) | 2007-01-18 | 2008-07-24 | Sms Demag Ag | Mold with coating |
DE102017211108A1 (en) * | 2017-06-30 | 2019-01-03 | Thyssenkrupp Ag | Mold plate and mold for a continuous casting plant and continuous casting process |
CN112281153A (en) * | 2020-07-21 | 2021-01-29 | 安徽马钢表面技术股份有限公司 | Nickel-based alloy powder for high-speed laser cladding and cladding method thereof |
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- 1985-03-18 FR FR8503933A patent/FR2563130B1/en not_active Expired
- 1985-04-17 AT AT0115385A patent/AT387405B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1985-04-18 CH CH1672/85A patent/CH667412A5/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1985-04-18 GB GB08509938A patent/GB2157600B/en not_active Expired
- 1985-04-19 BR BR8501892A patent/BR8501892A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1985-04-19 SE SE8501910A patent/SE8501910L/en unknown
- 1985-04-19 JP JP60082698A patent/JPS60234958A/en active Pending
- 1985-04-19 IT IT20414/85A patent/IT1184754B/en active
- 1985-04-19 FI FI851566A patent/FI851566L/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1985-04-19 CA CA000479546A patent/CA1240479A/en not_active Expired
- 1985-04-19 ZA ZA852966A patent/ZA852966B/en unknown
- 1985-04-20 IN IN302/CAL/85A patent/IN163575B/en unknown
- 1985-04-20 KR KR1019850002676A patent/KR920002009B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
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Cited By (18)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2166377A (en) * | 1984-11-05 | 1986-05-08 | Kabel Metallwerke Ghh | Continous-casting moulds |
FR2590188A1 (en) * | 1985-11-15 | 1987-05-22 | Siderurgie Fse Inst Rech | CONTINUOUS CASTING LINGOTIERE WITH HOT HEAD |
EP0228335A1 (en) * | 1985-11-15 | 1987-07-08 | Institut De Recherches De La Siderurgie Francaise (Irsid) | Continuous-casting mould with a hot top |
GB2184380A (en) * | 1985-11-18 | 1987-06-24 | Daido Metal Co | Making composite material |
US4758404A (en) * | 1985-11-18 | 1988-07-19 | Daido Metal Company, Ltd. | Method of producing composite material for sliding member |
GB2184380B (en) * | 1985-11-18 | 1989-10-04 | Daido Metal Co | Method of producing a composite material |
EP0320572A2 (en) * | 1987-12-17 | 1989-06-21 | Kawasaki Steel Corporation | Cooling roll for producing quenched thin metal tape |
EP0320572A3 (en) * | 1987-12-17 | 1990-06-06 | Kawasaki Steel Corporation | Cooling roll for producing quenched thin metal tape |
WO1992019399A1 (en) * | 1991-04-27 | 1992-11-12 | Foseco International Limited | Insert for vessels or conduits containing molten metal |
EP0664349A1 (en) * | 1994-01-25 | 1995-07-26 | DEUTSCHE FORSCHUNGSANSTALT FÜR LUFT- UND RAUMFAHRT e.V. | Process for coating copper-based materials |
EP0915184A1 (en) * | 1997-11-06 | 1999-05-12 | Sulzer Innotec Ag | Process for producing a ceramic layer on a metallic substrate |
US6221175B1 (en) | 1997-11-06 | 2001-04-24 | Sulzer Innotec Ag | Method for the production of a ceramic layer on a metallic base material |
WO2001014084A1 (en) * | 1999-08-26 | 2001-03-01 | Concast Standard Ag | Ingot mould for the continuous casting of steel into billet and cogged ingot formats |
WO2002047848A1 (en) * | 2000-12-11 | 2002-06-20 | Concast Standard Ag | Ingot mold for the continuous casting of a steel melt |
WO2002072916A1 (en) * | 2001-02-21 | 2002-09-19 | Fortum Oyj | Method for laser coating of copper and copper alloys |
EP1629957A1 (en) * | 2004-08-24 | 2006-03-01 | Hachtel, Friedrich | Injection mould |
WO2006094935A1 (en) * | 2005-03-05 | 2006-09-14 | Alstom Technology Ltd | Turbine blades and methods for depositing an erosion resistant coating on the same |
US10900111B2 (en) | 2015-07-23 | 2021-01-26 | Tocalo Co., Ltd. | Method for producing surface-modified component |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
BR8501892A (en) | 1985-12-24 |
ATA115385A (en) | 1988-06-15 |
IT8520414A0 (en) | 1985-04-19 |
AT387405B (en) | 1989-01-25 |
GB2157600B (en) | 1987-09-30 |
FI851566A0 (en) | 1985-04-19 |
IT1184754B (en) | 1987-10-28 |
FI851566L (en) | 1985-10-22 |
FR2563130B1 (en) | 1987-09-04 |
GB8509938D0 (en) | 1985-05-30 |
JPS60234958A (en) | 1985-11-21 |
KR920002009B1 (en) | 1992-03-09 |
FR2563130A1 (en) | 1985-10-25 |
KR850007817A (en) | 1985-12-09 |
CH667412A5 (en) | 1988-10-14 |
IN163575B (en) | 1988-10-08 |
DE3415050A1 (en) | 1985-10-31 |
ZA852966B (en) | 1985-12-24 |
SE8501910D0 (en) | 1985-04-19 |
SE8501910L (en) | 1985-10-22 |
CA1240479A (en) | 1988-08-16 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
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PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 19970418 |