GB2135350A - Playing surfaces for sports - Google Patents

Playing surfaces for sports Download PDF

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Publication number
GB2135350A
GB2135350A GB08334028A GB8334028A GB2135350A GB 2135350 A GB2135350 A GB 2135350A GB 08334028 A GB08334028 A GB 08334028A GB 8334028 A GB8334028 A GB 8334028A GB 2135350 A GB2135350 A GB 2135350A
Authority
GB
United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
resin
fabric
layer
playing surface
playing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
GB08334028A
Other versions
GB8334028D0 (en
GB2135350B (en
Inventor
Peter Dury
Alan Hewitt
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Rawson Ltd W E
Rawson W E Ltd
Nottingham County Council
Original Assignee
Rawson Ltd W E
Rawson W E Ltd
Nottingham County Council
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Rawson Ltd W E, Rawson W E Ltd, Nottingham County Council filed Critical Rawson Ltd W E
Priority to GB08334028A priority Critical patent/GB2135350B/en
Publication of GB8334028D0 publication Critical patent/GB8334028D0/en
Publication of GB2135350A publication Critical patent/GB2135350A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of GB2135350B publication Critical patent/GB2135350B/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
    • D04H1/4326—Condensation or reaction polymers
    • D04H1/435—Polyesters
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/44—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling
    • D04H1/46—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres
    • D04H1/48—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres in combination with at least one other method of consolidation
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/44—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling
    • D04H1/46—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres
    • D04H1/48—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres in combination with at least one other method of consolidation
    • D04H1/488—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres in combination with at least one other method of consolidation in combination with bonding agents
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C13/00—Pavings or foundations specially adapted for playgrounds or sports grounds; Drainage, irrigation or heating of sports grounds
    • E01C13/02—Foundations, e.g. with drainage or heating arrangements
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C13/00—Pavings or foundations specially adapted for playgrounds or sports grounds; Drainage, irrigation or heating of sports grounds
    • E01C13/04—Pavings made of prefabricated single units
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C13/00—Pavings or foundations specially adapted for playgrounds or sports grounds; Drainage, irrigation or heating of sports grounds
    • E01C13/08—Surfaces simulating grass ; Grass-grown sports grounds

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Road Paving Structures (AREA)

Abstract

A playing surface for sports and the like comprises at least one layer (2,4 or 6) of a resin-bonded non-woven synthetic fibre fabric which is not bonded to any adjacent layer. In order to simulate the variability of a natural turf playing surface, the fibres of the fabric are bonded together by a resin which softens or swells in the presence of water. The resin may be partly cross-linked polyvinyl acetate. <IMAGE>

Description

SPECIFICATION Playing surfaces for sports This invention relates to a playing surface for sports andthelike.
According to the invention, a playing surface for sports andthe like comprises at least one layer of a resin-bonded non-woven syntheticfibre fabric, there being substantially no bonding between said layer and any layer in contacttherewith,whereinthefibres of the fabric are bonded by a resin which softens or swells in the presence of water. One such resin is poly(vinyl acetate) when not fully cross-linked. The softening orswelling alters the resilience of the surface, when it is wetted, thus permitting the variability of a natural turf playing surface to be closely simulated.By varying the degree of crosslinking present in the resin, or by introducing small quantities of co-polymers in the resin, the amount of softening or swelling in water can be varied, thus enabling the variation in characteristics ofthe playing surface with weather conditions to be selected according to the type of sportforwhich it is to be used, and according to the characteristics of the other compo- nents selected for the playing surface.
The fabric is suitably formed from random laid short fibres, such as polyester fibers, needle-punched to consolidate and increase density before resin coating.
Typically, the fibres will be ofabout 1 00mm in length.
The final thickness of the fabric is preferably 1 mm to 5mm, the change in resilience or bounce characteristics in the presence of water, where water-softenable resin is used, being more pronounced with 5mm thick fabricthan with 1 mm thick fabric. The stiffness of the material can also be varied, by varying the resin content, further to vary the playing characteristics of the surface.
The playing surface may include other components such as dense rubber matting, for example that formed from comminuted car tyres with resin bonding, and an "artificial turf" layer uppermost, such turf typically being a looped, tufted, or needle-punched carpet-like material, the fibres of which are typically polypropylene. A layer of sand or other aggregate may be incorporated, preferably between two layers ofthefabric.
It has been found that the use of resin-bonded non-woven syntheticfibrefabrics in playing surfaces gives the playing surfaces greater stability and resistance to movement in the substrate, together with greater wear resistance. The use of water-softenable resin enables the surface's playing characteristics, especially ball-bounce characteristics, importantfor ball games such as tennis and cricket, to be varied by wetting the surface.
Reference is made to the drawings, which shows diagrammatically a cross-section through a portion of a playing surface in accordance with the invention.
The substrate 1 for the playing surface is suitably drained earth, upon which a first layer 2 of a resin bonded fabric is laid. The fabric is formed of 6 denier polyester fibres needle-punched, rolled and then soaked in a poly (vinyl acetate) resin and cured. The resulting thickness is approximately lmm.Alayer3 approximately 50mm thick of a sand mixture ranging from fine gravel to clay is then laid on the fabric layer 2 and a second fabric layer 4, of the same material as the first fabric layer 2 is laid on the sand layer 3. The fabric layers 2 and 4 may be parts of a single sheet, effectively forming an envelope or bag around the sand.
A sheet 5 approximately 3mm thick of dense rubber matting is laid on the second fabric layer4 and on to this is laid an underlay 6 of approximately 3 mm thick, formed of 15 denier polyester fibres, needle-punched and bonded with a partially cross-linked styrene acrylic resin in a similar manner as forthefabric layers 2 and 4. Finally, a synthetic turf 7 is placed on the underlay 6. This synthetic turf is formed from polypropylene fibres, randomly laid and needle-punched in such a manner as to product tufts on one side thereof.
The other side thereof is resin-coated. This playing surface is particularly suitable for use as a wicket area for cricket.
The fabric may also be laid on impervious materials such as concrete ortarmacadam having a layer of sand orthe iike spreadthereon.This permits such surfaces as hard tennis courts to be readily reinforced at a farsmallercostthan where a fresh hard surface is to be laid, and a surface which performs in a similar mannerto natural grassturf is obtained.
For the underlay 6 hereinbefore described, a weight of 813 grammes per square metreoffibres is used, with the following weights of resin, according to proposed use.
1. For cricket pitches, 207 grammes pew square metre (20%), 2. For tennis 90 grammes per square metre (10%) and 3. For bowls, golf, and winter games such as soccer, 43 grammes per square metre (5%).
Forthe fabric layers 2 and 4 hereinbefore described, a weight of 220 grammes of fibres per square metre is used, together with 50 grammes (18.5%) of resin per square metre. Alternatively, a higher content of resin and an acrylic resin (50 grammes per square metre) can be used to give a stifferfabric for greater stability ofthe base structure.
1. Aplaying surface for sports and the like, comprising at least one layer of a resin-bonded non-woven synthetic fibre fabric, there being substantially no bonding between said layer and any layer in contact, wherein thefibres ofthe fabric are bonded by a resin which softens or swell in the presence of water.
2. A playing surface according to Claim 1, wherein the synthetic fibres are polyester fibres.
3. A playing surface according to Claim 1 or2, wherein the resin is partially cross-linked poly(vinyl acetate).
4. Aplaying surface according to Claim 1 or2, wherein the resin a partially cross-linked styrene
**WARNING** end of DESC field may overlap start of CLMS **.

Claims (7)

**WARNING** start of CLMS field may overlap end of DESC **. SPECIFICATION Playing surfaces for sports This invention relates to a playing surface for sports andthelike. According to the invention, a playing surface for sports andthe like comprises at least one layer of a resin-bonded non-woven syntheticfibre fabric, there being substantially no bonding between said layer and any layer in contacttherewith,whereinthefibres of the fabric are bonded by a resin which softens or swells in the presence of water. One such resin is poly(vinyl acetate) when not fully cross-linked. The softening orswelling alters the resilience of the surface, when it is wetted, thus permitting the variability of a natural turf playing surface to be closely simulated.By varying the degree of crosslinking present in the resin, or by introducing small quantities of co-polymers in the resin, the amount of softening or swelling in water can be varied, thus enabling the variation in characteristics ofthe playing surface with weather conditions to be selected according to the type of sportforwhich it is to be used, and according to the characteristics of the other compo- nents selected for the playing surface. The fabric is suitably formed from random laid short fibres, such as polyester fibers, needle-punched to consolidate and increase density before resin coating. Typically, the fibres will be ofabout 1 00mm in length. The final thickness of the fabric is preferably 1 mm to 5mm, the change in resilience or bounce characteristics in the presence of water, where water-softenable resin is used, being more pronounced with 5mm thick fabricthan with 1 mm thick fabric. The stiffness of the material can also be varied, by varying the resin content, further to vary the playing characteristics of the surface. The playing surface may include other components such as dense rubber matting, for example that formed from comminuted car tyres with resin bonding, and an "artificial turf" layer uppermost, such turf typically being a looped, tufted, or needle-punched carpet-like material, the fibres of which are typically polypropylene. A layer of sand or other aggregate may be incorporated, preferably between two layers ofthefabric. It has been found that the use of resin-bonded non-woven syntheticfibrefabrics in playing surfaces gives the playing surfaces greater stability and resistance to movement in the substrate, together with greater wear resistance. The use of water-softenable resin enables the surface's playing characteristics, especially ball-bounce characteristics, importantfor ball games such as tennis and cricket, to be varied by wetting the surface. Reference is made to the drawings, which shows diagrammatically a cross-section through a portion of a playing surface in accordance with the invention. The substrate 1 for the playing surface is suitably drained earth, upon which a first layer 2 of a resin bonded fabric is laid. The fabric is formed of 6 denier polyester fibres needle-punched, rolled and then soaked in a poly (vinyl acetate) resin and cured. The resulting thickness is approximately lmm.Alayer3 approximately 50mm thick of a sand mixture ranging from fine gravel to clay is then laid on the fabric layer 2 and a second fabric layer 4, of the same material as the first fabric layer 2 is laid on the sand layer 3. The fabric layers 2 and 4 may be parts of a single sheet, effectively forming an envelope or bag around the sand. A sheet 5 approximately 3mm thick of dense rubber matting is laid on the second fabric layer4 and on to this is laid an underlay 6 of approximately 3 mm thick, formed of 15 denier polyester fibres, needle-punched and bonded with a partially cross-linked styrene acrylic resin in a similar manner as forthefabric layers 2 and 4. Finally, a synthetic turf 7 is placed on the underlay 6. This synthetic turf is formed from polypropylene fibres, randomly laid and needle-punched in such a manner as to product tufts on one side thereof. The other side thereof is resin-coated. This playing surface is particularly suitable for use as a wicket area for cricket. The fabric may also be laid on impervious materials such as concrete ortarmacadam having a layer of sand orthe iike spreadthereon.This permits such surfaces as hard tennis courts to be readily reinforced at a farsmallercostthan where a fresh hard surface is to be laid, and a surface which performs in a similar mannerto natural grassturf is obtained. For the underlay 6 hereinbefore described, a weight of 813 grammes per square metreoffibres is used, with the following weights of resin, according to proposed use. 1. For cricket pitches, 207 grammes pew square metre (20%), 2. For tennis 90 grammes per square metre (10%) and 3. For bowls, golf, and winter games such as soccer, 43 grammes per square metre (5%). Forthe fabric layers 2 and 4 hereinbefore described, a weight of 220 grammes of fibres per square metre is used, together with 50 grammes (18.5%) of resin per square metre. Alternatively, a higher content of resin and an acrylic resin (50 grammes per square metre) can be used to give a stifferfabric for greater stability ofthe base structure. CLAIMS
1. Aplaying surface for sports and the like, comprising at least one layer of a resin-bonded non-woven synthetic fibre fabric, there being substantially no bonding between said layer and any layer in contact, wherein thefibres ofthe fabric are bonded by a resin which softens or swell in the presence of water.
2. A playing surface according to Claim 1, wherein the synthetic fibres are polyester fibres.
3. A playing surface according to Claim 1 or2, wherein the resin is partially cross-linked poly(vinyl acetate).
4. Aplaying surface according to Claim 1 or2, wherein the resin a partially cross-linked styrene acrylic resin.
5 A playing surface according to any preceding claim, wherein the fabric contains 5% to 25% by weight of resin.
6. A playing surface according to any preceding claim, wherein the fabric has a thickness of 1 mm to 5mm.
7. A playing surface and the like, substantially as described herein with reference to, or as shown in, the drawing.
GB08334028A 1982-12-21 1983-12-21 Playing surfaces for sports Expired GB2135350B (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB08334028A GB2135350B (en) 1982-12-21 1983-12-21 Playing surfaces for sports

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB8236326 1982-12-21
GB08334028A GB2135350B (en) 1982-12-21 1983-12-21 Playing surfaces for sports

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
GB8334028D0 GB8334028D0 (en) 1984-02-01
GB2135350A true GB2135350A (en) 1984-08-30
GB2135350B GB2135350B (en) 1986-03-12

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0390755A2 (en) * 1989-03-31 1990-10-03 SAVAL S.r.l. Composite layered geotextile having low deformability and high filtering and drainage capability
WO2007125268A2 (en) 2006-05-02 2007-11-08 Edmond-Pierre Picard Natural turf, means and process for manufacturing such a natural turf
FR2901287A1 (en) 2006-05-02 2007-11-23 Edmond Pierre Picard Cultivated turf`s substrate for sports stadium, has part of artificial or mineral particles with sand`s granulometry, where particles constitute frame of substrate and represent specific percent range of total weight of substrate
US10190267B2 (en) 2013-12-13 2019-01-29 Bfs Europe Nv Artificial turf for landscape and sports
US10370799B2 (en) 2013-12-13 2019-08-06 Dfs Europe Nv Tufted structure for landscape and sports

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB574575A (en) * 1943-08-25 1946-01-11 Thomas Clifford Woodman Improvements in or relating to shaped resilient articles
GB688985A (en) * 1949-12-15 1953-03-18 Personal Products Corp Fabric-like webs of bonded textile fibres and the use thereof in sanitary napkins
GB855132A (en) * 1956-03-05 1960-11-30 Celanese Corp Adhesively bonded batting
GB1030195A (en) * 1962-07-05 1966-05-18 Monsanto Co Improvements in and relating to adhesives
GB1252054A (en) * 1968-10-09 1971-11-03
GB1446782A (en) * 1972-08-21 1976-08-18 Kiberly Clark Corp Stabilized polyvinyl alcohol binder solution for water-flushable nonwoven webs

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB574575A (en) * 1943-08-25 1946-01-11 Thomas Clifford Woodman Improvements in or relating to shaped resilient articles
GB688985A (en) * 1949-12-15 1953-03-18 Personal Products Corp Fabric-like webs of bonded textile fibres and the use thereof in sanitary napkins
GB855132A (en) * 1956-03-05 1960-11-30 Celanese Corp Adhesively bonded batting
GB1030195A (en) * 1962-07-05 1966-05-18 Monsanto Co Improvements in and relating to adhesives
GB1252054A (en) * 1968-10-09 1971-11-03
GB1446782A (en) * 1972-08-21 1976-08-18 Kiberly Clark Corp Stabilized polyvinyl alcohol binder solution for water-flushable nonwoven webs

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0390755A2 (en) * 1989-03-31 1990-10-03 SAVAL S.r.l. Composite layered geotextile having low deformability and high filtering and drainage capability
EP0390755A3 (en) * 1989-03-31 1990-10-24 SAVAL S.r.l. Composite layered geotextile having low deformability and high filtering and drainage capability
WO2007125268A2 (en) 2006-05-02 2007-11-08 Edmond-Pierre Picard Natural turf, means and process for manufacturing such a natural turf
FR2900537A1 (en) 2006-05-02 2007-11-09 Edmond Pierre Picard NATURAL TURF, MEANS AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING SUCH NATURAL TURF.
FR2901287A1 (en) 2006-05-02 2007-11-23 Edmond Pierre Picard Cultivated turf`s substrate for sports stadium, has part of artificial or mineral particles with sand`s granulometry, where particles constitute frame of substrate and represent specific percent range of total weight of substrate
US10190267B2 (en) 2013-12-13 2019-01-29 Bfs Europe Nv Artificial turf for landscape and sports
US10370799B2 (en) 2013-12-13 2019-08-06 Dfs Europe Nv Tufted structure for landscape and sports

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB8334028D0 (en) 1984-02-01
GB2135350B (en) 1986-03-12

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Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
732E Amendments to the register in respect of changes of name or changes affecting rights (sect. 32/1977)
PE20 Patent expired after termination of 20 years

Effective date: 20031220