GB2085919A - Fuel - Google Patents
Fuel Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2085919A GB2085919A GB8131122A GB8131122A GB2085919A GB 2085919 A GB2085919 A GB 2085919A GB 8131122 A GB8131122 A GB 8131122A GB 8131122 A GB8131122 A GB 8131122A GB 2085919 A GB2085919 A GB 2085919A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- fuel
- waste material
- amount
- resin
- litter
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000010867 poultry litter Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000000057 synthetic resin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 235000008331 Pinus X rigitaeda Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 235000011613 Pinus brutia Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 241000018646 Pinus brutia Species 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000007767 bonding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004449 solid propellant Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 240000002791 Brassica napus Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000006008 Brassica napus var napus Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010849 combustible waste Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004484 Briquette Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000287828 Gallus gallus Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011111 cardboard Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002917 insecticide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010297 mechanical methods and process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010815 organic waste Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010893 paper waste Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002304 perfume Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010665 pine oil Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 claims description 2
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L5/00—Solid fuels
- C10L5/40—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
Abstract
Waste material, particularly broiler litter, is compacted into fuel, by bonding with a synthetic resin such as one based on a pine resin.
Description
SPECIFICATION
Fuel
This invention relates to the utilization of waste material as fuel. It is based on the discovery that broiler litter, which is made up of the droppings from broiler chickens together with wood shavings and/or chaffed straw, possibly also with a paper-based material, can be bonded together with a synthetic resin to produce a useful solid fuel which is found to be a slow burning "damping" fuel.
Unexpectedly, the fuel is odourless when it burns and does not produce unpleasant odours on storage. However, an aromatic perfume and/or insecticide may be included in the fuel. The fuel can be in conventional briquette form.
The bonding agent used improves the inflammability of the material. The preferred synthetic bonding agents are based on pine resins. The synthetic agent used at present is trade marked as DURABOND - sold by T.R.
International under their trade mark SERLA
BONDEX, which has proved the most successful. The amount of bonding agent can be as high as one fifth (20%) of that of the broiler litter (by weight), though this is getting towards an uneconomic amount and 10% is better. The amount can be as low as 3.3%, and in some cases the bonding agent may be omitted.
The litter need not be dried before being mixed with the bonding material. Mixture may conveniently be effected by any simple mechanical method (e.g. a hammer mill or briquetting press), possibly in the presence of hot water in an amount that is preferably about k pint (142 ml) per 450 g.
Other combustible waste material, particularly waste organic material, can also be used instead of broiler litter and can wholly or partly replace the broiler litter in the composition.
Examples of such materials are waste paper and cardboard, sawdust, and the stalks of oilseed rape after harvest.
It has also been discovered that, provided the moisture content of the material is as much as about 15% by weight, no extraneous water need be added. If the water content is higher, it is convenient to dry the material first. Moreover, it is possible to dispense with the bonding agent.
The novel fuel in accordance with the present invention can be made in a conventional briquetting plant, e.g. that made by Fred
Hausmann Ltd. Thus the plant may comprise a storage bin or hopper from which the material, mixed if necessary with resin, is passed to a grinder and thence to a briquetting press, which are operated at a suitable temperature to cause compaction of the material. The briquettes leave the press along a conveyor belt which serves as a cooling line and are then removed and stored or taken away in a suitable vehicle such as a lorry or railway waggon.
1. A solid fuel made from a combustible waste material bonded together with a synthetic resin.
2. A solid fuel made from a combustible organic waste material bonded with a synthetic resin.
3. Fuel as claimed in Claim 2 in which the waste material is broiler litter.
4. Fuel as claimed in Claim 2 in which the waste material is stalks of oilseed rape.
5. Fuel as claimed in any preceding claim in which the resin is based on a pine oil.
6. Fuel as claimed in any preceding claim in which the amount of resin is O to 20%, based on the waste material, by weight.
7. Fuel as claimed in Claim 6 in which the amount of resin is 10%, based on the waste material, by weight.
8. A method of preparing a fuel as claimed in any one of Claims 1 to 7, comprising comminuting and compacting the waste material, if necessary adding water and/or the synthetic resin at a temperature such that the waste material is bonded together, and cooling the resulting bonded material.
**WARNING** end of DESC field may overlap start of CLMS **.
Claims (8)
1. A solid fuel made from a combustible waste material bonded together with a synthetic resin.
2. A solid fuel made from a combustible organic waste material bonded with a synthetic resin.
3. Fuel as claimed in Claim 2 in which the waste material is broiler litter.
4. Fuel as claimed in Claim 2 in which the waste material is stalks of oilseed rape.
5. Fuel as claimed in any preceding claim in which the resin is based on a pine oil.
6. Fuel as claimed in any preceding claim in which the amount of resin is O to 20%, based on the waste material, by weight.
7. Fuel as claimed in Claim 6 in which the amount of resin is 10%, based on the waste material, by weight.
8. A method of preparing a fuel as claimed in any one of Claims 1 to 7, comprising comminuting and compacting the waste material, if necessary adding water and/or the synthetic resin at a temperature such that the waste material is bonded together, and cooling the resulting bonded material.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB8131122A GB2085919A (en) | 1980-10-15 | 1981-10-15 | Fuel |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB8033226 | 1980-10-15 | ||
| GB8131122A GB2085919A (en) | 1980-10-15 | 1981-10-15 | Fuel |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB2085919A true GB2085919A (en) | 1982-05-06 |
Family
ID=26277220
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB8131122A Withdrawn GB2085919A (en) | 1980-10-15 | 1981-10-15 | Fuel |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| GB (1) | GB2085919A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4548615A (en) * | 1983-06-30 | 1985-10-22 | Institut Francais Du Petrole | Process for manufacturing solid fuels from heavy hydrocarbon oils and vegetable materials |
-
1981
- 1981-10-15 GB GB8131122A patent/GB2085919A/en not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4548615A (en) * | 1983-06-30 | 1985-10-22 | Institut Francais Du Petrole | Process for manufacturing solid fuels from heavy hydrocarbon oils and vegetable materials |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| WAP | Application withdrawn, taken to be withdrawn or refused ** after publication under section 16(1) |