GB2074727A - Immunological diagnostic method - Google Patents
Immunological diagnostic method Download PDFInfo
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- GB2074727A GB2074727A GB8112730A GB8112730A GB2074727A GB 2074727 A GB2074727 A GB 2074727A GB 8112730 A GB8112730 A GB 8112730A GB 8112730 A GB8112730 A GB 8112730A GB 2074727 A GB2074727 A GB 2074727A
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- immunologically active
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/74—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving hormones or other non-cytokine intercellular protein regulatory factors such as growth factors, including receptors to hormones and growth factors
- G01N33/76—Human chorionic gonadotropin including luteinising hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, thyroid stimulating hormone or their receptors
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/53—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
- G01N33/543—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor with an insoluble carrier for immobilising immunochemicals
- G01N33/54306—Solid-phase reaction mechanisms
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Abstract
An immunological process for the detection and determination of a substance using an immunologically active reaction partner which is marked with an enzyme and an immunologically active reaction partner which is or will be bound to a water-insoluble carrier comprises incubation of the substance to be determined with the immunologically active reaction partners, subsequent separation of solid and liquid phases and measurement of the extent of the enzyme marking either in the solid or in the liquid phase as a measure of the amount of the substance to be determined, the substance to be determined and the immunologically active reaction partners all being present in the reaction mixture at the start of the single incubation step used for the immunological reaction. The substance to be determined may be an antigen, and the immunologically active reaction partners may be antibodies from different clones, which are directed towards different epitopes of the antigen.
Description
SPECIFICATION
Immunological diagnostic method
The present invention is concerned with an enzyme-immune process according to the so-called "sandwich principle". According to this principle, the substance to be determined, which can be an antigen, an antibody or a hapten, is reacted with two immunologically active reaction partners. Usually, one of these immunologically active reaction partners is bound to a waterinsoluble carrier, while the other is marked with a suitable enzyme. In practice, the substance to be determined is firstly reacted with the reaction partner bound to the carrier, whereupon, after phase separation and washing, the substance which is meanwhile immunologically bound to the carrier is reacted with the second, enzyme-marked reaction partner.After renewed phase separation, the enzymatic reaction for the quantitative detection of the substance to be determined is carried out either in the solid or the liquid phase.
It has hitherto been the opinion that, in the case of enzyme-immune processes, the immunological reaction of the substance to be determined had to be effected with the two corresponding immunologically active reaction partners successively in a first and in a second reaction step.
In the scope of the present invention it has now surprisingly been found that, contrary to the hitherto existing opinion, it is possible to work in effect in a "one-pot process", with the substance to be determined being reacted simultaneously with both immunologically active reaction partners during a single incubation.
The present invention is accordingly concerned with an enzyme-immune process for the detection and determination of a substance with an immunologically active reaction partner, which is marked with an enzyme, as well as an immunologically active reaction partner, which is or will be bound to a water-insoluble carrier, by incubation of the substance to be determined with the immunologically active reaction partners, subsequent separation of solid and liquid phases and measurement of the extent of the enzyme marking either in the solid or in the liquid phase as the extent of the amount of the substance to be determined, which is characterised in that for the immunological reaction the substance to be determined as well as the immunologically active reaction partners are incubated from the outset and together and only once.
The substance to be determined can be any constituents in physiological fluids, cell extracts or tissue extracts or tissue extracts for which there are present or can be formed immunological reaction partners, and which posses two or more immunologically active sites. Such substances include peptides, proteins, lipoproteins, glycoproteins, sterols, steroids, lipoids, nucleic acids, enzymes, hormones, polysaccharides and alkaloids. Preferred immunologically active substances are natural antigens such as hormones, enzymes, organ-specific antigens, connective tissue components, blood cell antigens, plasma proteins and pathological globulins. Especially preferred substances and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) as well as human choriongonadotropin (HCG).
In the method in accordance with the invention the immunologically active reaction partner, which is marked with an enzyme, serves as the indicator of the immunological reaction.
Preferred enzymes are alkaline phosphatase, malate dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, glucose oxidase, glucoamylase, galactosidase and acetylcholine esterase. Peroxidase from horseradish is an especially preferred enzyme label.
The enzyme as the indicator of the immunological reaction is measured in the liquid phase or, preferably, in the solid phase according to known methods and is a measurement for the amount of the substance to be determined. When the label is peroxide from horseradish the amount of enzyme is preferably measured on the basis of the catalytic activity present, which is determined with the aid of hydrogen peroxide and o-phenylenediamine as the redox indicator. In this case, after a catalytic reaction lasting for 30 minutes the colour intensity of the oxidised redox indicator is measured photometrically.
The second immunologically active reaction partner serves for the separation of the substance to be determined from the analytical sample. For this separation step the second immunologically active reaction partner can be bound to a water-insoluble carrier from the outset or can be bound to such a carrier during or after the immunological reaction.
Suitable water-insoluble carriers for the second immunological active reaction partner are organic and inorganic polymers [amylases, dextrans, natural or modified celluloses, polyacrylamides, agaroses, magnetite, porous glass powder, polyvinylidene fluoride (Kynar) and latex], the inner wall of test vessels (test tubes, titre plates or cuvettes of glass or artificial materials) as well as the surface of solid bodies (rods of glass and artificial material, rods with terminal thickening, rods with terminal lobes or.lamellae). Spheres of glass and artificial material are especially suitable carriers for the method in accordance with the invention.
The second immunologically active reaction partner can be bound to the water-insoluble carrier physically (adsorptively) or chemically or with the aid of a further reaction partner, which, in turn, is bound to a carrier.
It is essential for the method in accordance with the invention that the substance to be determined possesses at least two immunologically active sites (epitopes), which can be recognised by and react with the two immunologically active reaction partners, the reaction partner which is bound to a carrier and the reaction partner which is marked with an enzyme. As the immunologically active reaction partners there are preferably used two different components, which indeed both react with the substance to be determined, but each of which is directed to different immunologically active sites. For the determination of antigens there are especially suitable two antibodies for the particular antigen, the antibodies having been produced in two different animal species and being directed towards different epitopes of the antigen.The combination of antibodies of different clones or of monoclonal antibodies and antibodies from a different animal species is particularly suitable.
For the immunological reaction the sample with the substance to be determined can be used directly or can be pre-diluted or pre-treated in a suitable manner. For the pre-treatment the substance to be determined can be isolated, enriched or freed from troublesome ingredients.
Accordingly to the process in accordance with the invention, the substance to be determined is reacted simultaneously with the enzyme-marked as well as the carrier-bound immunologically active reaction partner. The sequence in which the reagents are added is governed by the type of carrier system chosen. When a sensitised plastic sphere is used, the enzyme-marked reaction partner and the substance to be determined are initially placed together in a suitable test tube and subsequently the sphere sensitised with the other reaction partner is added.
The immunological reaction is carried out in a suitable buffer system so as to maintain an optimum pH-value, which can lie between 4 and 9. Preferred buffers are, for example, acetate buffer, citrate buffer, phosphate buffer, tris buffer, triethanolamine buffer, borate buffer or glycine buffer. Buffer mixtures can also be used.
The immunological reaction is preferably carried out at a temperature between O"C and 55,C.
Normally, the immunological reaction velocity increases with higher temperatures, whereby under otherwise similar test conditions the equilibrium is achieved more rapidly.
The incubation of the substance to be determined with the enzyme-marked reaction partner and the carrier-bound reaction partner can be carried out until the equilibrium has been reached.
The immunological reaction can, however, also be stopped at an earlier point in time by separating the solid and the liquid phase after a defined incubation period and measuring the extent of the enzyme marking either in the liquid phase or in the solid phase.
In the immunological reaction precautions can be taken to stabilize the immunological activity of the reaction partners and of the substance to be determined as well as of the enzyme.
Further, ingredients such as proteins and detergents, to eliminate unspecific reactions, to reduce inhibiting influences or to enhance activation can be added to the incubation solution.
The novel method in accordance with the present invention is extraordinarily sensitive and is distinguished by its simplicity in operation.
The following Examples illustrate the invention
Example 1 Quanfitative determination of CEA in plasma of patients with a monoclonal CEA antibody and a customary CEA antibody (goat)
Into the requisite number of test tubes (10 X 75 mm) are in each case pipetted 0.2 ml of test solution (0.2 mol/l of NaH2PO4/Na2HPO4, pH 6.5 with 2 g/l of bovine serum albumin, 20% of normal goat serum and 0.2 ,ug/ml of goat-anti-CEA-peroxidase conjugate), 0.060 ml of the patient's plasma to be analysed or of the CEA standard (0 ng/ml of CEA, 2.5 ng/ml of CEA, 10 ng/ml of CEA and 20 ng/ml of CEA) and of the CEA control serum (5.0 ng/ml of CEA + 1.0 ng/ml) are admixed, in each case there is added a polystyrene sphere (+= 6.5 mm) sensitised with monoclonal mouse anti-CEA* and the mixture is incubated at 37"C for 16 hours.
Subsequently, the polystyrene spheres are washed three times with in each case 2-5 ml of distilled water, transferred into each case 0.5 ml of substrate buffer for the determination of the activity of the peroxidase (0.1 mol/l of potassium citrate buffer of pH 5.0 with 6 mmol/l of hydrogen peroxide and 20 mmol/l of o-phenylenediamine) and incubated for 30 minutes at room temperature (22"C). In order to stop the peroxidic activity and to intensify the colour intensity 2.0 ml of 1 N hydrochloric acid are admixed and within 30 minutes the extinction is measured photometrically at the wavelength 492 nm. The values of a CEA determination are compiled in Table I and compared with the values which have been obtained with the radioimmunoassay of ROCHE.
The preparation of the monoclonal mouse anti-CEA is carried out in analogy to the the method described in Journal of Immunological Methods, 32 (1980) 297-304, there being used as the starting cell line for the fusion the myeloma line Sp 2/01-AG which is deposited at
ATCC under No. CRL 8006. The fusion is carried out with spleen cells of mice which have been
immunised with CEA. The immunisation of the mice was carried out in analogy to Table 1 of the
aforementioned publication, the first two immunisations being carried out with in each case 50 of CEA, immunisations 3 and 4 being omitted, immunisation 5 being carried out with 50 !L9 of CEA and immunisations 6-8 being carried out with in each case 200 pg of CEA.
Table I
Sample material AE492 nm/RT/30 min.
CEA standard
O ng CEA 0.103
2.5 ng CEA 0.330
10.0 ng/ml CEA 0.978
20.0 ng/ml CEA 1.850
CEA control serum
5.0 ng/ml CEA 0.540
Process in accordance
Patient's plasma ROCHE RIA test with the invention
No. 7212 0.6 ng/ml 1.2 ng/ml
No. 7188 2.2 ng/ml 1.0 ng/ml
No. 7220 1.2 ng/ml 1.4 ng/ml
No. 7218 1.2 ng/ml 1.3 ng/ml
No. 7234 2.5 ng/ml 2.7 ng/ml
No. 7249 2.4 ng/ml 2.0 ng/ml
No. 7203 2.3 ng/ml 2.0 ng/ml
No. 7223 3.0 ng/ml 3.3 ng/ml
No. 7247 3.1 ng/ml 2.8 ng/ml
No. 7258 4.6 ng/ml 4.3 ng/ml
No. 7215 4.9 ng/ml 5.5 ng/ml
No. 7219 5.0 ng/ml 5.9 ng/ml
No. 8180 8.6 ng/ml 8.5 ng/ml
No. 7248 11.2 ng/ml 10.7 ng/ml
No. 7262 14.2 ng/ml 14.3 ng/ml
No. 7201 15.6 ng/ml 15.3 ng/ml
Values below 2.5 ng/ml of CEA lie in the normal range, while values above 2.5 ng/ml lie in the pathological range.
Example 2
Quantitative determination of CEA in plasma of patients with CEA antibodies from two different
animal species (goat and guinea pig)
Into the requisite number of test tubes (10 x 75 mm) are in each case pipetted 0.2 ml of test
solution (0.2 mol/l of NaH2PO4/Na2HPO4, pH 6.5 with 2 g/l of bovine serum albumin, 20% of
normal goat serum and 0.2 yg/ml of goat-anti-CEA-peroxidase conjugate), 0.050 ml of the patient's plasma to be analysed or of the CEA standard (0 ng/ml of CEA, 2.5 ng/ml of CEA, 10
ng/ml of CEA and 20 ng/ml of CEA) and of the CEA control serum (5.0 ng/ml of CEA + 1.0
mg/ml) are admixed, in each case there is added a polystyrene sphere (f = 6.5 mm) sensitised with guinea pig-anti-CEA and the mixture is incubated at 37"C for 16 hours.Subsequently, the polystyrene spheres are washed three times with in each case 2-5 ml of distilled water, transferred into in each case 0.5 ml of substrate buffer for the determination of the activity of the peroxidase (0.1 mol/l of potassium citrate buffer of pH 5.0 with 6 mmol/l of hydrogen
peroxide and 20 mol/l of o-phenylenediamine) and incubated for 30 minutes at room temperature (22"C). In order to stop the peroxidic activity and to intensify the colour intensity 2.0 ml of 1 N hydrochloric acid are admixed and within 30 minutes the extinction is measured photometrically at the wavelength 492 nm. The values of a CEA determination are compiled in
Table II and compared with the values which have been obtained with the radioimmunoassay of
ROCHE.
Table II
Sample material AE492 nm/RT/30 CEA standard
O ng/ml CEA 0.098
2.5 ng/ml CEA 0.270 10.0 ng/ml CEA 0.830 20.0 ng/ml CEA 1.515
CEA control serum
5.0 ng/ml CEA 0.470
Process in accordance
Patient's plasma ROCHE RIA test with the invention
No. 7220 1.2 ng/ml 1.3 ng/ml
No. 7218 1.2 ng/ml 1.3 ng/ml
No. 7234 2.5 ng/ml 2.4 ng/ml
No. 7249 2.4 ng/ml 2.2 ng/ml
No. 7203 2.3 ng/ml 2.2 ng/ml
No. 7223 3.0 ng/ml 3.0 ng/ml
No. 7247 3.1 ng/ml 3.2 ng/ml
No. 7258 4.6 ng/ml 4.5 ng/ml
No. 7215 4.9 ng/ml 5.3 ng/ml
No. 7219 5.0 ng/ml 5.6 ng/ml
No. 8180 8.6 ng/ml 8.5 ng/ml
No. 7248 11.2 ng/ml 10.9 ng/ml
No. 7262 14.2 ng/ml 14.2 ng/ml
No. 7201 15.6 ng/ml 15.0 ng/ml
Values below 2.5 ng/ml of CEA lie in the normal range, while values above 2.5 ng/ml lie in the pathological range.
Example 3 Ouantitative determination of CEA in plasma of patients with monoclonal CEA antibodies from two different clones
Into the requisite number of test tubes (10 X 75 mm) are in each case pipetted 0.2 ml of test solution (0.2 mol/l of NaH2PO4/Na2HPO4 pH 6.5 with 2 g/l of bovine serum albumin, 20% of normal goat serum and 0.15 yg/ml of monoclonal mouse-anti-CEA peroxidase conjugate*), 0.050 ml of the patient's plasma to be analysed or of the CEA standard (0 ng/ml of CEA, 2.5 ng/ml of CEA, 10 ng/ml of CEA and 20 ng/ml of CEA) and of the CEA control serum (5.0 ng/ml of CEA i 1.0 ng/ml) are admixed, in each case there is added a polystyrene sphere = = 6.5 mm) sensitised with monoclonal mouse anti-CEA* and the mixture is incubated at 37"C for 1 6 hours.Subsequently, the polystyrene spheres are washed three times with in each case 2-5 ml of distilled water, transferred into in each case 0.5 ml of substrate buffer for the determination of the activity of the peroxidase (0.1 mol/l of potassium citrate buffer of pH 5.0 with 6 mmol/l of hydrogen peroxide and 20 mmol/l of.o-phenylenediamine) and incubated for 30 minutes at room temperature (22"C). In order to stop the peroxidic activity and to intensify the colour intensity 2.0 ml of 1 N hydrochloric acid are admixed and within 30 minutes the extinction is measured photometrically at the wavelength 492 nm. The values of a CEA determination are compiled in Table Ill and compared with the values which have been obtained with the radioimmunoassay of ROCHE.
*The preparation of the monoclonal mouse anti-CEA is carried out in analogy to the method described in Journal of Immunological Methods, 32 (1980) 297-304, there being used as the starting cell line for the fusion the myeloma line Sp 2/01-Ag which is deposited at ATCC under
No CRL 8006. The fusion is carried out with spleen cells of mice which have been immunised with CEA. The immunisation of the mice was carried out in analogy to Table 1 of the aforementioned publication, the first two immunisations being carried out with in each case 50 ,ug of CEA, immunisations 3 and 4 being omitted, immunisation 5 being carried out with 50,ug of CEA and immunisations 6-8 being carried out with in each case 200 yg of CEA.There are used two different, suitable monoclonal antibodies which are directed towards different epitopes of the CEA antigen.
Table 111
Sample material AE492 nm/RT/30 CEA stantard
O ng/ml CEA 0.390
2.5 ng/mlCEA 0.440 10.0 ng/ml CEA 0.620 20.0 ng/ml CEA 0.860
CEA control serum
5.0 ng/ml CEA 0.510
Process in accordance
Patient's plasma ROCHE RIA test with the invention
No. 7220 1.2 ng/ml 0.8 ng/ml
No. 7234 2.5 ng/ml 3.0 ng/ml
No. 7223 3.0 ng/ml 3.5 ng/ml
No. 7247 3.1 ng/ml 3.2 ng/ml
No. 7258 4.6 ng/ml 4.4 ng/ml
No. 7215 4.9 ng/ml 5.0 ng/ml
No. 7219 5.0 ng/ml 5.4 ng/ml
No. 8180 8.6 ng/ml 8.6 ng/ml
No. 7248 11.2 ng/ml 11.0 ng/ml
No. 7262 14.2 ng/ml 14.0 ng/ml
No. 7201 15.6 ng/ml 16.0 ng/ml
Values below 2.5 ng/ml of CEA lie in the normal range, while values above 2.5 ng/ml lie in the pathological range.
Example 4
Quantitative determination of HCG in serum/plasma/urine:
Into the requisite number of test tubes (10 X 75 mm) are in each case pipetted 0.2 ml of test solution (0.1 mol/l of NaH2PO4/Na2HPO4, pH 7.0 with 2 g/l of bovine serum albumin, and 1.0 pg/ml of monoclonal mouse-anti-HCG-peroxidase conjugate*), 0.050 ml of the patient's plasma to be analysed or of the HCG standard (0, 25, 50, 100 and 250 mlU/ml of HCG) is admixed, in each case there is added a polystyrene sphere (+= 6.5 mm) sensitised with rabbitanti-HCG and the mixture is incubated at room temperature for 1 6 hours in a water-saturated atmosphere.Subsequently, the polystyrene spheres are washed three times with in each case 2-5 ml of distilled water, transferred into in each case 0.5 ml of substrate buffer for the determination of the activity of the peroxidase (0.1 mol/l of potassium citrate buffer of pH 5.0 with 6 mmol/l of hydrogen peroxide and 20 mmol/l of o-phenylenediamine) and incubated for 30 minutes at room temperature (16-30 C). In order to stop the peroxidic activity and to intensify the colour intensity 2.0 ml of 1 N hydrochloric acid are admixed and within 30 minutes the extinction is measured photometrically ,at the wavelength 492 nm. The values of a HCG determination in serum and urine are compiled in the following Table.
*The preparation of the monoclonal anti-HCG can be carried out according to one of the methods described in Journal of Immunological Methods, 32 (1980) 297-304.
HCG determination in serum and in urine 1. Standard curves AE492nrn/RT/30 min.
mlU HCG/ml Serum Urine
0 0.185 0.385
25 0.385 0.525
50 0.530 0.720 100 0.830 1.05 250 1.185 1.59 2. Patient's samples
Sample No. bE492nm/30 min./RT = mlU HCG/ml sample
Urine, N-1032 E 0.375 0
58-418 0.575 (x 50) * 1500
,, 58414 0.775 (x 100) * 5500
,, 58416 0.810 (x 500) * 32000
Serum 2559 0.155 0 " 2560 0.125 0 .. 1543 0.195 1.5 .. 2673 0.505 44 " 1167 1.085 181 " 1492 0.98 (x 10) * 1370 " 2793 0.77 (x 20) * 1740 " 924 0.69 (x 100) * 7300
*Dilution of the sample
Conversion:1 ng of pure HCG corresponds to ca. 10 mlU of HCG.
Example 5
Quantitative determination of HCG in serum with monoclonal HCG antibodies from two different clones
Into the requisite number of test tubes (10 X 75 mm) are in each case pipetted 0.2 ml of test solution (0.1 mol/l of NaH2PO4/Na2HPO4, pH 7.0 with 2 g/l of bovine serum albumin and 1.0 ,ug/ml of monoclonal mouse-anti-HCG-peroxidase conjugate*), 0.050 ml of the patient's plasma to be analysed or of the HCG standard (0, 25, 50, 100 and 200 mlU/ml of HCG) are admixed, in each case there is added a polystyrene sphere (f = 6.5 mm) sensitised with monoclonal mouse-anti-HCG" and the mixture is incubated, for example, at 37 C for 2 hours.Subsequently, the polystyrene spheres are washed three times with in each case 2-5 ml of distilled water, transferred into in each case 0.5 ml of substrate buffer for the determination of the activity of the peroxidase (0.1 mol/l of potassium citrate buffer of pH 5.0 with 6 mmol/l of hydrogen peroxide and 20 mmol/l of o-phenylenediamine) and incubated for 30 minutes at room temperature (16-30 C). In order to stop the peroxidic activity and to intensify the colour intensity 1.0 ml of 2N hydrochloric acid are admixed and within 30 minutes the extinction is measured photometrically at the wavelength 492 nm. The values of HCG determinations in serum are compiled in the following Table.
*The preparation of the monoclonal mouse HCG antibody is carried out according to the method described in the Journal of Immunological Methods, 32 (1980) 297-304. There are used two different, suitable monoclonal antibodies which are directed towards different epitopes of the HCG antigen.
HCG determination in human serum (average values from duplicate determinations) 1. Standard curves
bE 492 nm/30 min./RT mlU/ml HCG 1) Serum 2) Plasma 3) Urine 4) Buffer
0 0.038 0.054 0.158 0.180
25 0.226 - - - 50 0.475 0.544 0.557 0.716 100 0.905 0.955 0.970 1.40 200 1.75 1.55 1.90 2.44
The HCG values of the examples of patient's sera compiled below were read-off from standard
curve 1). Standard curves 2), 3) and 4) were established on another day with new HCG
standards.
2. Patient's sera
AE 492 nm/30 min. RT mlU/ml HCG
Serum measured from curve 1)
Pool 091080 0.041 0
No. 2081 0.025 0
No. 3881 0.450 47
No. 2673 1.13 127
No. 1167 2.12(1:2) 470
No. 4891 0.975 (1:50) 5,450
No. 3240 1.06(1:20) 2,280 No. 4418 1.475(1:1000) 167,000
Claims (15)
1. An immunological process for the detection and determination of a substance with an
immunologically active reaction partner, which is marked with an enzyme, as well as an
immunologically active reaction partner, which is or will be bound to a water-insoluble carrier,
by incubation of the substance to be determined with the immunologically active reaction
partners, subsequent separation of solid and liquid phases and measurement of the extent of the
enzyme marking either in the solid or in the liquid phase as an extent of the amount of the
substance to be determined, characterised in that for the immunological reaction the substance
to be determined as well as the immunologically active reaction partners are incubated from the
outset together and only once.
2. A process according to claim 1, characterised in that the substance to be determined is
an antigen.
3. A process according to claim 1 or claim 2, characterised in that the immunologically
active reaction partners are different antibodies, which are directed towards the same antigen
but towards different epitopes of said antigen.
4. A process according to claim 3, characterised in that two different monoclonal antibodies
are involved.
5. A process according to claim 1 or claim 2, characterised in that the substance to be
determined is CEA.
6. A process according to claim 5, characterised in that the immunologically active reaction
partner, which is bound to a water-insoluble carrier, is monoclonal mouse-anti-CEA.
7. A process according to claim 5 or claim 6, characterised in that the immunological active
reaction partner, which is provided with a -marking, is another monoclonal mouse-anti-CEA
marked with an enzyme.
8. A process according to claim 5 or claim 6, characterised in that the immunologically
active reaction partner, which is provided with a marking, is an enzyme-marked goat-anti-CEA.
9. A process according to claim 6 or claim 7, characterised in that the enzyme is peroxidase.
10. A process according to claim 1 or claim 2, characterised in that the antigen is HCG.
11. A process according to claim 10, characterised in that the immunologically active
reaction partner, which is bound to a water-insoluble carrier, is rabbit-anti-HCG.
1 2. A process according to claim 10 or claim 11, characterised in that the immunologically
active reaction partner, which is provided with the marking, is an enzyme-marked monoclonal mouse-anti-HCG.
1 3. A process according to claim 12, characterised in that the enzyme is peroxidase.
14. An immunological process for the detection and determination of a substance with an
immunologically active reaction partner, which is provided with a marking, as well as an
immunologically active reaction partner, which is or will be bound to a water-insoluble carrier,
by incubation of the substance to be determined with the immunologically active reaction
partners, subsequent separation of solid and liquid phases and measurement of the extent of the
marking either in the solid or in the liquid phase as an extent of the amount of the substance to
be determined, characterised in that for the immunological reaction the substance to be
determined as well as the immunologically active reaction partners are incubated from the outset
and together and only once and in that the substance to be determined is an antigen and the
immunologically active reaction partners are antibodies from different clones, which are directed
towards different epitopes of said antigen.
15. The invention as hereinbefore described.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CH320980A CH642458A5 (en) | 1980-04-25 | 1980-04-25 | Immunological method |
| CH589880A CH651396A5 (en) | 1980-08-04 | 1980-08-04 | Immunological method for detecting and determining carcinoembryonic antigen |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB2074727A true GB2074727A (en) | 1981-11-04 |
| GB2074727B GB2074727B (en) | 1983-11-30 |
Family
ID=25692464
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB8112730A Expired GB2074727B (en) | 1980-04-25 | 1981-04-24 | Immunulogical diagnostic method |
Country Status (11)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| AT (1) | AT373398B (en) |
| AU (1) | AU542563B2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1160566A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3115115A1 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK151399C (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2481318A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2074727B (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1137344B (en) |
| NL (1) | NL187545B (en) |
| NO (1) | NO159620C (en) |
| SE (1) | SE460930B (en) |
Cited By (30)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0049898A1 (en) * | 1980-10-15 | 1982-04-21 | Takeda Chemical Industries, Ltd. | Method for immunochemical assay and kit therefor |
| EP0088368A2 (en) * | 1982-03-05 | 1983-09-14 | Takeda Chemical Industries, Ltd. | Immunochemical assay of human chorionic gonadotropin and reagent therefor |
| GB2118300A (en) * | 1982-02-12 | 1983-10-26 | Corning Glass Works | Method of immunoassay |
| EP0098590A2 (en) * | 1982-07-05 | 1984-01-18 | Roche Diagnostics GmbH | Immunoassay method |
| EP0160228A1 (en) * | 1984-04-04 | 1985-11-06 | Cetus Corporation | Process for simultaneously detecting multiple antigens using dual sandwich immunometric assay |
| US4618589A (en) * | 1980-07-16 | 1986-10-21 | The University Of Birmingham | Immunoprecipitation assay of immunoglobulins using monoclonal antibodies |
| EP0201079A2 (en) * | 1985-05-07 | 1986-11-12 | Richard Zahradnik | Delayed solid phase immunologic assay |
| EP0270729A1 (en) * | 1986-11-13 | 1988-06-15 | BEHRINGWERKE Aktiengesellschaft | Incubation medium for solid fase immunometric methods and its application |
| US4837167A (en) * | 1981-01-30 | 1989-06-06 | Centocor, Inc. | Immunoassay for multi-determinant antigens using high-affinity |
| EP0339097A1 (en) * | 1987-10-30 | 1989-11-02 | Fuji Yakuhin Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Method for diagnosis of liver cancer |
| US5011771A (en) * | 1984-04-12 | 1991-04-30 | The General Hospital Corporation | Multiepitopic immunometric assay |
| US5176999A (en) * | 1989-12-07 | 1993-01-05 | Eastman Kodak Company | Buffered wash composition, insolubilizing composition, test kits and method of use |
| US5190861A (en) * | 1987-08-25 | 1993-03-02 | Fuji Yakuhin Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Method for the diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis |
| WO1995008769A1 (en) * | 1993-09-20 | 1995-03-30 | Bio Merieux | Method and device for determining an analyte in a sample |
| US5422239A (en) * | 1980-09-19 | 1995-06-06 | General Hospital Corporation | Immunoassay utilizing monoclonal high affinity IgM antibodies |
| US5610077A (en) * | 1980-06-20 | 1997-03-11 | Unilever Patent Holdings B.V. | Processes and apparatus for carrying out specific binding assays |
| US5705402A (en) * | 1988-11-03 | 1998-01-06 | Igen International, Inc. | Method and apparatus for magnetic microparticulate based luminescence assay including plurality of magnets |
| US5746974A (en) * | 1988-11-03 | 1998-05-05 | Igen International, Inc. | Apparatus for improved luminescence assays using particle concentration, electrochemical generation of chemiluminescence and chemiluminescence detection |
| US5770459A (en) * | 1986-04-30 | 1998-06-23 | Igen International, Inc. | Methods and apparatus for improved luminescence assays using particle concentration, electrochemical generation of chemiluminescence detection |
| US5779976A (en) * | 1988-11-03 | 1998-07-14 | Igen International, Inc. | Apparatus for improved luminescence assays |
| US5798083A (en) * | 1988-11-03 | 1998-08-25 | Igen International, Inc. | Apparatus for improved luminescence assays using particle concentration and chemiluminescence detection |
| US5948692A (en) * | 1994-02-19 | 1999-09-07 | Seikagaku Corporation | Method and measurement kit for assay of normal agrecan, and method for evaluation of informations on the joint |
| US5962218A (en) * | 1988-11-03 | 1999-10-05 | Igen International Inc. | Methods and apparatus for improved luminescence assays |
| US6078782A (en) * | 1988-11-03 | 2000-06-20 | Igen International Inc. | Methods for improved particle electrochemiluminescence assays |
| US6201109B1 (en) | 1993-01-13 | 2001-03-13 | Dade Behring Marburg Gmbh | Assay for bone alkaline phosphatase |
| US6325973B1 (en) | 1991-02-06 | 2001-12-04 | Igen International, Inc. | Methods and apparatus for improved luminescence assays |
| US6406920B1 (en) | 1980-06-20 | 2002-06-18 | Inverness Medical Switzerland Gmbh | Processes and apparatus for carrying out specific binding assays |
| US6844163B1 (en) | 1999-04-12 | 2005-01-18 | Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd. | Method for analyzing the amount of intraabdominal adipose tissue |
| US6881589B1 (en) | 1987-04-30 | 2005-04-19 | Bioveris Corporation | Electrochemiluminescent localizable complexes for assay compositions |
| US8211279B2 (en) | 2005-06-03 | 2012-07-03 | Board Of Regents Of The University Of Texas System | Electrochemistry and electrogenerated chemiluminescence with a single faradaic electrode |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4486530A (en) * | 1980-08-04 | 1984-12-04 | Hybritech Incorporated | Immunometric assays using monoclonal antibodies |
| IL73938A (en) * | 1984-01-02 | 1989-09-28 | Boehringer Mannheim Gmbh | Process and reagent for the determination of polyvalent antigen by incubation with three different receptors |
| DE3807440A1 (en) * | 1988-03-07 | 1989-09-21 | Progen Biotechnik Gmbh | Method for the immunological detection of substances, and a composition and a test kit |
| ES2131497T3 (en) * | 1988-12-12 | 1999-08-01 | Csl Ltd | SOLID PHASE IMMUNO ASSAY WITH MARKING CONJUGATE. |
| EP1030179B1 (en) | 1998-09-01 | 2005-11-09 | Taiho Pharmaceutical Company Limited | Method for assaying human thymidylate synthase and assay kit |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1572220A (en) * | 1976-10-07 | 1980-07-30 | Mochida Pharm Co Ltd | Immunochemical process of measuring physiologically active substances |
| GB1549069A (en) * | 1976-12-10 | 1979-08-01 | Erba Farmitalia | Enzyme linked immunoassay |
| US4244940A (en) * | 1978-09-05 | 1981-01-13 | Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. | Single-incubation two-site immunoassay |
| GB2107053A (en) * | 1980-06-20 | 1983-04-20 | Unilever Plc | Processes and apparatus for carrying out specific binding assays |
-
1981
- 1981-03-23 CA CA000373607A patent/CA1160566A/en not_active Expired
- 1981-04-06 DK DK155881A patent/DK151399C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1981-04-13 IT IT21122/81A patent/IT1137344B/en active
- 1981-04-14 DE DE19813115115 patent/DE3115115A1/en active Granted
- 1981-04-15 NL NLAANVRAGE8101860,A patent/NL187545B/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1981-04-22 SE SE8102558A patent/SE460930B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1981-04-23 FR FR8108105A patent/FR2481318A1/en active Granted
- 1981-04-24 AT AT0186481A patent/AT373398B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1981-04-24 GB GB8112730A patent/GB2074727B/en not_active Expired
- 1981-04-24 AU AU69811/81A patent/AU542563B2/en not_active Expired
- 1981-04-24 NO NO811407A patent/NO159620C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Cited By (45)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5610077A (en) * | 1980-06-20 | 1997-03-11 | Unilever Patent Holdings B.V. | Processes and apparatus for carrying out specific binding assays |
| US6406920B1 (en) | 1980-06-20 | 2002-06-18 | Inverness Medical Switzerland Gmbh | Processes and apparatus for carrying out specific binding assays |
| US4618589A (en) * | 1980-07-16 | 1986-10-21 | The University Of Birmingham | Immunoprecipitation assay of immunoglobulins using monoclonal antibodies |
| US5422239A (en) * | 1980-09-19 | 1995-06-06 | General Hospital Corporation | Immunoassay utilizing monoclonal high affinity IgM antibodies |
| EP0049898A1 (en) * | 1980-10-15 | 1982-04-21 | Takeda Chemical Industries, Ltd. | Method for immunochemical assay and kit therefor |
| US4837167A (en) * | 1981-01-30 | 1989-06-06 | Centocor, Inc. | Immunoassay for multi-determinant antigens using high-affinity |
| GB2118300A (en) * | 1982-02-12 | 1983-10-26 | Corning Glass Works | Method of immunoassay |
| EP0088368A2 (en) * | 1982-03-05 | 1983-09-14 | Takeda Chemical Industries, Ltd. | Immunochemical assay of human chorionic gonadotropin and reagent therefor |
| EP0088368A3 (en) * | 1982-03-05 | 1985-12-11 | Takeda Chemical Industries, Ltd. | Immunochemical assay of human chorionic gonadotropin and reagent therefor |
| EP0098590A2 (en) * | 1982-07-05 | 1984-01-18 | Roche Diagnostics GmbH | Immunoassay method |
| EP0098590A3 (en) * | 1982-07-05 | 1984-03-07 | Boehringer Mannheim Gmbh | Immunoassay method |
| US4624930A (en) * | 1982-07-05 | 1986-11-25 | Boehringer Mannheim Gmbh | Immunochemical process |
| US4690890A (en) * | 1984-04-04 | 1987-09-01 | Cetus Corporation | Process for simultaneously detecting multiple antigens using dual sandwich immunometric assay |
| AU583818B2 (en) * | 1984-04-04 | 1989-05-11 | Cetus Corporation | Process for simultaneously detecting multiple antigens using dual sandwich immunometric assay |
| EP0160228A1 (en) * | 1984-04-04 | 1985-11-06 | Cetus Corporation | Process for simultaneously detecting multiple antigens using dual sandwich immunometric assay |
| US5011771A (en) * | 1984-04-12 | 1991-04-30 | The General Hospital Corporation | Multiepitopic immunometric assay |
| EP0201079A3 (en) * | 1985-05-07 | 1989-05-24 | Richard Zahradnik | Delayed solid phase immunologic assay |
| US4935339A (en) * | 1985-05-07 | 1990-06-19 | Nichols Institute Diagnostics | Delayed solid phase immunologic assay |
| EP0201079A2 (en) * | 1985-05-07 | 1986-11-12 | Richard Zahradnik | Delayed solid phase immunologic assay |
| US5770459A (en) * | 1986-04-30 | 1998-06-23 | Igen International, Inc. | Methods and apparatus for improved luminescence assays using particle concentration, electrochemical generation of chemiluminescence detection |
| EP0270729A1 (en) * | 1986-11-13 | 1988-06-15 | BEHRINGWERKE Aktiengesellschaft | Incubation medium for solid fase immunometric methods and its application |
| US4988629A (en) * | 1986-11-13 | 1991-01-29 | Behringwerke Aktiengesellschaft | Lactoferrin-containing incubation medium for solid-phase immunometric methods and its use |
| US6881589B1 (en) | 1987-04-30 | 2005-04-19 | Bioveris Corporation | Electrochemiluminescent localizable complexes for assay compositions |
| US5190861A (en) * | 1987-08-25 | 1993-03-02 | Fuji Yakuhin Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Method for the diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis |
| US5175084A (en) * | 1987-10-30 | 1992-12-29 | Fuji Yakuhin Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Method for the diagnosis of hepatic carcinoma |
| EP0339097A1 (en) * | 1987-10-30 | 1989-11-02 | Fuji Yakuhin Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Method for diagnosis of liver cancer |
| EP0339097A4 (en) * | 1987-10-30 | 1990-12-05 | Fuji Yakuhin Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Method for diagnosis of liver cancer |
| US5746974A (en) * | 1988-11-03 | 1998-05-05 | Igen International, Inc. | Apparatus for improved luminescence assays using particle concentration, electrochemical generation of chemiluminescence and chemiluminescence detection |
| US6078782A (en) * | 1988-11-03 | 2000-06-20 | Igen International Inc. | Methods for improved particle electrochemiluminescence assays |
| US5705402A (en) * | 1988-11-03 | 1998-01-06 | Igen International, Inc. | Method and apparatus for magnetic microparticulate based luminescence assay including plurality of magnets |
| US5962218A (en) * | 1988-11-03 | 1999-10-05 | Igen International Inc. | Methods and apparatus for improved luminescence assays |
| US5798083A (en) * | 1988-11-03 | 1998-08-25 | Igen International, Inc. | Apparatus for improved luminescence assays using particle concentration and chemiluminescence detection |
| US5779976A (en) * | 1988-11-03 | 1998-07-14 | Igen International, Inc. | Apparatus for improved luminescence assays |
| US5176999A (en) * | 1989-12-07 | 1993-01-05 | Eastman Kodak Company | Buffered wash composition, insolubilizing composition, test kits and method of use |
| US5366864A (en) * | 1989-12-07 | 1994-11-22 | Eastman Kodak Company | Buffered wash composition, insolubilizing composition, test kits and method of use |
| US6325973B1 (en) | 1991-02-06 | 2001-12-04 | Igen International, Inc. | Methods and apparatus for improved luminescence assays |
| US6201109B1 (en) | 1993-01-13 | 2001-03-13 | Dade Behring Marburg Gmbh | Assay for bone alkaline phosphatase |
| US5773307A (en) * | 1993-09-20 | 1998-06-30 | Bio Merieux | Method and device for determining an analyte in a sample |
| WO1995008769A1 (en) * | 1993-09-20 | 1995-03-30 | Bio Merieux | Method and device for determining an analyte in a sample |
| FR2710410A1 (en) * | 1993-09-20 | 1995-03-31 | Bio Merieux | Method and device for determining an analyte in a sample |
| US5948692A (en) * | 1994-02-19 | 1999-09-07 | Seikagaku Corporation | Method and measurement kit for assay of normal agrecan, and method for evaluation of informations on the joint |
| US6844163B1 (en) | 1999-04-12 | 2005-01-18 | Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd. | Method for analyzing the amount of intraabdominal adipose tissue |
| US8211279B2 (en) | 2005-06-03 | 2012-07-03 | Board Of Regents Of The University Of Texas System | Electrochemistry and electrogenerated chemiluminescence with a single faradaic electrode |
| US8702958B2 (en) | 2005-06-03 | 2014-04-22 | Board Of Regents Of The University Of Texas System | Electrochemistry and electrogenerated chemiluminescence with a single faradaic electrode |
| US8840774B2 (en) | 2005-06-03 | 2014-09-23 | Board Of Regents Of The University Of Texas System | Electrochemistry and electrogenerated chemiluminescence with a single faradaic electrode |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE3115115C2 (en) | 1987-02-12 |
| FR2481318B1 (en) | 1984-10-19 |
| DK151399B (en) | 1987-11-30 |
| ATA186481A (en) | 1983-05-15 |
| DK155881A (en) | 1981-10-26 |
| NL187545B (en) | 1991-06-03 |
| AT373398B (en) | 1984-01-10 |
| DE3115115A1 (en) | 1982-02-04 |
| NL8101860A (en) | 1981-11-16 |
| DK151399C (en) | 1988-09-05 |
| IT8121122A0 (en) | 1981-04-13 |
| SE8102558L (en) | 1981-10-26 |
| GB2074727B (en) | 1983-11-30 |
| IT1137344B (en) | 1986-09-10 |
| FR2481318A1 (en) | 1981-10-30 |
| AU542563B2 (en) | 1985-02-28 |
| NO159620C (en) | 1989-01-18 |
| SE460930B (en) | 1989-12-04 |
| NO811407L (en) | 1981-10-26 |
| AU6981181A (en) | 1981-10-29 |
| NO159620B (en) | 1988-10-10 |
| CA1160566A (en) | 1984-01-17 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 732 | Registration of transactions, instruments or events in the register (sect. 32/1977) | ||
| PE20 | Patent expired after termination of 20 years |
Effective date: 20010423 |