GB1566691A - Pipeline for liquid metal - Google Patents
Pipeline for liquid metal Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB1566691A GB1566691A GB8641/78A GB864178A GB1566691A GB 1566691 A GB1566691 A GB 1566691A GB 8641/78 A GB8641/78 A GB 8641/78A GB 864178 A GB864178 A GB 864178A GB 1566691 A GB1566691 A GB 1566691A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- wires
- conduit
- pipeline
- liquid metal
- pipeline according
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 229910001338 liquidmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 39
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000010292 electrical insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012858 resilient material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003517 fume Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011490 mineral wool Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002285 radioactive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000011664 signaling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M3/00—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures
- G01M3/02—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum
- G01M3/04—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point
- G01M3/16—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point using electric detection means
- G01M3/18—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point using electric detection means for pipes, cables or tubes; for pipe joints or seals; for valves; for welds; for containers, e.g. radiators
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M3/00—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures
- G01M3/02—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum
- G01M3/04—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point
- G01M3/042—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point by using materials which expand, contract, disintegrate, or decompose in contact with a fluid
- G01M3/045—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point by using materials which expand, contract, disintegrate, or decompose in contact with a fluid with electrical detection means
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M3/00—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures
- G01M3/02—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum
- G01M3/04—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point
- G01M3/16—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point using electric detection means
- G01M3/165—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point using electric detection means by means of cables or similar elongated devices, e.g. tapes
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Examining Or Testing Airtightness (AREA)
- Monitoring And Testing Of Nuclear Reactors (AREA)
Description
(54) A PIPELINE FOR LIQUID METAL
(71) We, INTERATOM, INTERNATIONALE
ATOMREAKTORBAU GmbH, a German company, of Bergisch Gladbach, Germany, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement:- The present invention relates to a pipeline for liquid metal.
According to the present invention, there is provided a pipeline for liquid metal, the pipeline including:
(a) a conduit for conveying the liquid metal;
(b) a casing surrounding the conduit and being spaced therefrom, there being a groove in the internal surface of the casing, which groove opens towards the conduit; and
(c) two wires disposed in the groove, which wires are provided with electrical insulation which is incomplete at points along their lengths, the wires normally being electrically insulated from each other and from the casing; the arrangement being such that, when the pipeline has been installed and liquid metal is flowing through the conduit, liquid metal issuing from the conduit in the event of a leak in the conduit collects in the groove and establishes an electrical connection between said two wires.
In order that the present invention may be more fully understood, several embodiments of pipeline for liquid metal according to the present invention will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
Figure 1 is a partial cross-section through a first embodiment;
Figure 2 is a vertical longitudinal section through part of the first embodiment;
Figure 3 shows, on an enlarged scale relative to Figures 1 and 2, a vertical longitudinal section through a further part of the first embodiment;
Figure 4 shows a part of a second embodiment viewed in the direction of the pipeline axis;
Figure 5 is a view from above of the part of
Figure 4;
Figures 6, 7 and 8 show various views of wires insulated with beads forming parts of the different embodiments described with reference to the drawings;;
Figure 9 shows a part of a third embodiment viewed in the direction of the pipeline axis; and
Figure 10 is a view from above of the part of Figure 9.
In liquid metal-cooled nuclear reactor installations and particularly in sodiumcooled nuclear reactor installations even the smallest leaks in the heat insulated pipelines for conveying the hot liquid metal have to be located quickly, reliably and from a distance since, as a result of the radioactive conditions, these pipelines are not accessible or are accessible only under very difficult conditions.
As has been determined by experiment, the usual smoke alarms are not suitable in the case of such leaks since, on the one hand, small amounts of liquid metal are absorbed by the insulation of the pipeline and therefore liquid metal does not appear outside the pipeline when a leak first occurs, and since, on the other hand, the chambers containing these pipelines are often filled with an inert gas, so that the escaping liquid metal is not oxidized and therefore forms no fumes.
The pipeline according to the present invention shown in Figure 1 comprises a conduit 1 for conveying the liquid metal surrounded by a sheet metal casing 3 of circular cross-section spaced from the conduit 1 by spacers 2. The sheet metal casing 3 is manufactured from several sheets with manufacture and fitting in mind. The casing 3 constitutes the internal boundary of an insulating body of annular cross-section surrounded externally by a sheet metal housing 5. The insulating body comprises two portions 4 and 6 of semi-annular cross-section. At the radial boundaries between the insulating body portions 4 and 6 there is an overlap 7 between the sheets forming the sheet metal casing 3.Each of these overlaps should be such that any liquid metal which leaks into the space between the conduit 1 and the casing 3 is conveyed downwards in this space and does not leak out at the upper periphery of the pipeline or into the insulating body. The sheet metal casing 3 is connected to the sheet metal housing 5 at these radial boundaries by sheets 8 and 9, the heat conductive path from the inside to the outside being interrupted by a heat insulating plate 10 disposed between these sheets. At the lowest point of the sheet metal casing 3 there is a channel or groove 11 opening towards the conduit 1, in which channel four parallel twin wire detectors chains are disposed, each chain consisting of numerous electrically insulating beads 12 each threaded on two wires 13.These beads 12 provide electrical insulation of the wires which is incomplete at points along their lengths and thus serve normally to insulate the wires 13 both from each other and from the casing 3. However, the disposition of the channel 11 is such that liquid metal issuing from the conduit 1 in the event of a leak in the conduit collects in the channel 11 and establishes an electrical connection between the wires 13 of each detector chain, thus signalling that a leak has occurred since the two wires of each detector chain are normally maintained at different potentials. In order to detect this signal the voltages of the wires relative to one another are continuously monitored.The sheet metal casing 3 is such that even the smallest quantities of liquid metal issuing from the conduit 1 in the event of a leak are conveyed to the channel 11 and there establish an electrical connection between two wires. The casing 3 is intended to prevent small amounts of liquid metal from seeping into the insulation without establishing such a connection. The suggested channel is provided with advantage in horizontally disposed or inclined pipelines; it is not generally advantageous to provide such a channel in vertically disposed pipelines.
Figure 2 shows the construction of an axial junction point between two insulating bodies disposed in a continuous length of pipeline.
In order to obtain a smooth seal between the insulating bodies which are generally formed from mineral wool and to ensure satisfactory fitting, the ends of the insulating bodies to be joined are provided with relatively undeformable end pieces 14 and 15 which prevent the formation of gaps in the insulation and thus prevent heat losses. The sheet metal casing 3 of the one insulating body overlaps the sheet metal casing 3 of the other insulating body at 16 so as to ensure that leaking liquid metal, is discharged along the pipeline rather than leaking out at the periphery of the pipeline.
Figure 3 shows a section parallel to the pipeline axis of a rectangular-section radial cable duct 30 extending from the bottom of thq channel to outside the casing and enabling detector chains to be connected to a terminal housing 31 outside the casing. The duct 30 is closed off at its lower end by the terminal housing 31 in which the wires 13 can be connected to supply cables (not shown).
The duct 30 is delimited transverse to the pipeline axis by two plane walls 32 which extend up to the conduit 1 and bear in this region two short sheets 33 extending in the direction of the pipeline axis. The duct 30 is attached to the conduit 1 by bands 34 which encircle the conduit 1 and clamp the sheets 33 against the conduit 1. This avoids weld seams on the conduit 1 which may serve as a possible cause of later damage.. The duct 30 is delimited parallel to the pipeline axis by two curved flexible sheets which are curved at their upper ends 35 approximately over a quarter circle, so that the detector chains are not damaged by being bent over too tight a radius. Preferably the chains should not be curved over a radius which is less than 100mm as otherwise they may break or such a large gap may be formed between the individual beads that undesirable electrical contacts may take place.In practice a number of such cable ducts are provided at intervals along the length of the pipeline. During assembly, ducts are attached to the conduit 1 prior to the thermal insulations being fitted. The ducts therefore serve to support the detector chains prior to the sheet metal casing 3 being fitted and thus protect the ends of the chains which are guided radially outwards from possible damage during fitting of the thermal insulation or during later inspection. The ducts also serve as guides for the casing 3 when it is fitted. Also the ducts enable later and remotely controlled removal of the insulation and inspection of the pipeline to take place without having to remove the means of leak detection.
Figures 4 and 5 show a part of a second embodiment of pipeline according to the present invention, this embodiment being similar to the first embodiment except as detailed below. The embodiment includes a holder 40 for supporting the detector chains in relation to the conduit 1. As may be seen in the view from above in Figure 5, the holder 40 has Tshaped portions which are clamped to the conduit 1 by two bands 41. Thus welding is unnecessary. The holder 40 also has S-shaped side walls made of resilient material which are capable of being deformed when the base of the holder 40 is displaced towards the conduit 1. The greatest possible width of the holder is preferably somewhat less than the inside width of the channel. The holder 40 ensures, particularly when there are fairly large intervals between cable ducts, that the detector chains are safely guided and kept spaced apart. Furthermore the S-shaped side walls are so flexible that the holder can be compressed during fitting of the insulating body portion 4 without damaging the beads of the detector chains. The detector chains lie firmly in the lowest part of channel 11 and can easily be reached by small quantities of liquid metal. Several such holders are preferably disposed at intervals along the length of the pipeline. Thus the detector chains are supported over their whole length so that they do not have to be tightened especially and so that they are not loaded by their own weight.
Figures 6, 7 and 8 show the detector chains, respectively from above, in cross-section along the line X-X in Figure 6 and from one side. Each bead 12 of the chain is elongate and of oval cross-section and has two longitudinal bores through which the two wires 13 extend. Each bead 12 has at least one end, but expediently at each end, at least two surfaces, preferably four surfaces, respectively inclined at about 45O to the bores and the wires. These surfaces define a small, almost square surface perpendicular to the bores by means of which surface the bead abuts the next adjacent bead.
This particular shape avoids sharp edges which could break off under unilateral stress.
Furthermore this shape enables the detector chains to be flexible whilst the wires between the beads remain accessible for contact with the liquid metal. The wires themselves are expediently produced from seven strands which each in turn consist of seven single filaments.
With such an arrangement the wires are sufficiently flexible whilst, if a single wire breaks as a result of being bent, this wire remains bent to such an extent that it does not trigger any undesired contact with an adjacent wire or with other parts of the pipeline. The beads should preferably not be corroded or destroyed to any great extent by the liquid metal and should not be permeable to the liquid metal.
Figures 9 and 10 show an alternative form of wire holder forming part of the third embodiment which is otherwise similar to the first embodiment. The holder comprises a flat bar 91 attached horizontally beneath the conduit 1 and bearing a vertical cylinder 92 which has two vertical oblong slots in its side wall. A piston 94 fixed to a horizontal base 95 of the wire holder is displaceable within the cylinder 92, rotation of the piston being prevented by a projection in the form of a horizontal pin 93 extending into the slots in the cylinder 92. The base 95 is bent upwards at its sides, so that the detector chains cannot slide off the base. If the insullation provided below the wire holder presses against the wire holdr during fitting, the wire holder yields in the vertical direction.
If the insulation is moved downwards again, the wire holder again takes up its lowest possible position under its own weight, so that it always holds the detector chains in the lowest part of the channel. Thus even the smallest quantities of liquid metal which naturally collect first in the lowest part of the channel immediately result in an electrical contact.
The embodiments described above with reference to the drawings provide means for detecting leaks of liquid metal, particularly in heat insulated pipelines, which means enables such leaks to be monitored rapidly, reliably and from a distance, and which are unlikely to be damaged either when the insulation is fitted or on later inspection or to result in faulty signals.
WHAT WE CLAIM IS:
1. A pipeline for liquid metal, the pipeline including:
(a) a conduit for conveying the liquid metal;
(b) a casing surrounding the conduit and being spaced therefrom, there being a groove in the internal surface of the casing, which groove opens towards the conduit; and
(c) two wires disposed in the groove, which wires are provided with electrical insulation which is incomplete at points along their lengths, the wires normally being electrically insulated from each other and from the casing; the arrangement being such that, when the pipeline has been installed and liquid metal is flowing through the conduit, liquid metal issuing from the conduit in the event of a leak in the conduit collects in the groove and establishes an electrical connection between said two wires.
2. A pipeline according to claim 1 wherein the casing is made of sheet metal.
3. A pipeline according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the casing is provided with one or more ducts for the wires extending from the bottom of the groove to outside the casing.
4. A pipeline according to claim 3, wherein the casing is of circular cross-section and the or each duct extends radially outwards with respect to the casing.
5. A pipeline according to claim 3 or 4, wherein each wire passes over a curved flexible sheet into the associated duct(s).
6. A pipeline according to any preceding claim, wherein at least one holder is provided for holding the wires.
7. A pipeline according to claim 6, wherein the or each holder is held on the conduit by a band which clamps a portion of the holder to the conduit.
8. A pipeline according to claim 7, wherein a base of the or each holder is capable of being displaced towards the conduit.
9. A pipeline according to claim 8, wherein the or each holder is provided with Sshaped side walls made of resilient material which are capable of being deformed when the base of the holder is displaced towards the conduit.
10. A pipeline according to claim 8, wherein the base of the or each holder is coupled to a piston which is displaceable within a cylinder fixed to the conduit.
**WARNING** end of DESC field may overlap start of CLMS **.
Claims (18)
1. A pipeline for liquid metal, the pipeline including:
(a) a conduit for conveying the liquid metal;
(b) a casing surrounding the conduit and being spaced therefrom, there being a groove in the internal surface of the casing, which groove opens towards the conduit; and
(c) two wires disposed in the groove, which wires are provided with electrical insulation which is incomplete at points along their lengths, the wires normally being electrically insulated from each other and from the casing; the arrangement being such that, when the pipeline has been installed and liquid metal is flowing through the conduit, liquid metal issuing from the conduit in the event of a leak in the conduit collects in the groove and establishes an electrical connection between said two wires.
2. A pipeline according to claim 1 wherein the casing is made of sheet metal.
3. A pipeline according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the casing is provided with one or more ducts for the wires extending from the bottom of the groove to outside the casing.
4. A pipeline according to claim 3, wherein the casing is of circular cross-section and the or each duct extends radially outwards with respect to the casing.
5. A pipeline according to claim 3 or 4, wherein each wire passes over a curved flexible sheet into the associated duct(s).
6. A pipeline according to any preceding claim, wherein at least one holder is provided for holding the wires.
7. A pipeline according to claim 6, wherein the or each holder is held on the conduit by a band which clamps a portion of the holder to the conduit.
8. A pipeline according to claim 7, wherein a base of the or each holder is capable of being displaced towards the conduit.
9. A pipeline according to claim 8, wherein the or each holder is provided with Sshaped side walls made of resilient material which are capable of being deformed when the base of the holder is displaced towards the conduit.
10. A pipeline according to claim 8, wherein the base of the or each holder is coupled to a piston which is displaceable within a cylinder fixed to the conduit.
11. A pipeline according to claim 10,
wherein the piston is prevented from rotating in relation to the cylinder by a projection on the piston extending into a slot in the cylinder.
12. A pipeline according to any preceding claim, wherein the groove is parallel to the conduit.
13. A pipeline according to any preceding, claim, wherein said two wires are spaced apart and parallel to one another.
14. A pipeline according to any preceding claim, wherein the casing is surrounded by an insulating body which is itself surrounded by a sheet metal housing.
15. A pipeline according to any preceding claim, wherein said two wires are connected together by electrically insulating beads threaded on the wires and adjacent beads abut one another.
16. A pipeline according to claim 15, wherein each bead is elongate and of oval cross-section and has at least two surfaces inclined at an angle of approximately 45C to the wires at at least one end of the bead.
17. A pipeline according to claim 16, wherein each end of each bead is provided with four surfaces inclined at an angle of approximately 45" to the wires and a surface substantially perpendicular to the wires.
18. A pipeline for liquid metal, the pipeline being substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to, and as illustrated in, Figures 1 to 3 and 6 to 8, optionally in combination with Figures 4 and 5 or Figures 9 and 10, of the accompanying drawings.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19772709468 DE2709468A1 (en) | 1977-03-04 | 1977-03-04 | LEAK DETECTION FOR LIQUID METAL PIPING |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB1566691A true GB1566691A (en) | 1980-05-08 |
Family
ID=6002787
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB8641/78A Expired GB1566691A (en) | 1977-03-04 | 1978-03-03 | Pipeline for liquid metal |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| DE (1) | DE2709468A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2382685A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1566691A (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1093126B (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2197705A (en) * | 1986-11-07 | 1988-05-25 | Aker Eng As | Transportation conduit |
| GB2214603A (en) * | 1988-01-28 | 1989-09-06 | Junkosha Co Ltd | Insulated pipeline having a liquid leaking sensor |
| US5256844A (en) * | 1986-11-07 | 1993-10-26 | Aker Engineering A/S | Arrangement in a pipeline transportation system |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2455707A1 (en) * | 1979-05-03 | 1980-11-28 | Carbonisation Entr Ceram | SUB-ASSEMBLY FOR THE DETECTION OF LEAKS OF A LIQUID METAL AND DETECTION DEVICE COMPRISING SEVERAL SUB-ASSEMBLIES OF THIS TYPE |
| CN103175658B (en) * | 2013-03-05 | 2015-09-30 | 中国核电工程有限公司 | The test method of nuclear power station pipeline leakage rate and system |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR1377519A (en) * | 1963-09-25 | 1964-11-06 | Method for detecting leaks in a liquid line and device for applying this method | |
| DE1998784U (en) * | 1964-03-20 | 1968-12-19 | Wolfgang Dr Ing Staender | DEVICE FOR DETECTING AND LOCATING LEAK POINTS ON PIPELINES |
| GB1323076A (en) * | 1969-10-23 | 1973-07-11 | Atomic Energy Authority Uk | Leak detecting instruments |
| FR2115546A5 (en) * | 1970-11-24 | 1972-07-07 | Sigmund Frank | |
| US3721970A (en) * | 1971-10-06 | 1973-03-20 | Atomic Energy Commission | Alkali metal leak detector |
| US3882382A (en) * | 1972-09-07 | 1975-05-06 | Transco Inc | Insulated conduit cover and leak detector |
| GB1355176A (en) * | 1973-02-08 | 1974-06-05 | Nils Oestbo Ab | Means for detecting leakage from an oil conveying conduit |
| DE2640161A1 (en) * | 1976-09-07 | 1978-03-16 | Bernd Brandes | Hot fluid medium cable with sensor wire - has sensor wire with threaded beads for spacing on inner tube |
-
1977
- 1977-03-04 DE DE19772709468 patent/DE2709468A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1978
- 1978-02-28 IT IT20656/78A patent/IT1093126B/en active
- 1978-03-03 GB GB8641/78A patent/GB1566691A/en not_active Expired
- 1978-03-03 FR FR7806244A patent/FR2382685A1/en active Granted
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2197705A (en) * | 1986-11-07 | 1988-05-25 | Aker Eng As | Transportation conduit |
| GB2197705B (en) * | 1986-11-07 | 1991-07-17 | Aker Eng As | Plant having a transportation conduit |
| US5256844A (en) * | 1986-11-07 | 1993-10-26 | Aker Engineering A/S | Arrangement in a pipeline transportation system |
| GB2214603A (en) * | 1988-01-28 | 1989-09-06 | Junkosha Co Ltd | Insulated pipeline having a liquid leaking sensor |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2382685B1 (en) | 1983-02-11 |
| IT7820656A0 (en) | 1978-02-28 |
| DE2709468A1 (en) | 1978-09-07 |
| FR2382685A1 (en) | 1978-09-29 |
| IT1093126B (en) | 1985-07-19 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PS | Patent sealed [section 19, patents act 1949] | ||
| PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |