GB1565876A - Electrolytic cells - Google Patents
Electrolytic cells Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB1565876A GB1565876A GB21385/77A GB2138577A GB1565876A GB 1565876 A GB1565876 A GB 1565876A GB 21385/77 A GB21385/77 A GB 21385/77A GB 2138577 A GB2138577 A GB 2138577A GB 1565876 A GB1565876 A GB 1565876A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- membrane
- matting
- cell
- foraminous
- electrode
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 81
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 239000012815 thermoplastic material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- OBTWBSRJZRCYQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfuryl difluoride Chemical group FS(F)(=O)=O OBTWBSRJZRCYQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000005341 cation exchange Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000003301 hydrolyzing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 45
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 17
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000010425 asbestos Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052895 riebeckite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000002023 trifluoromethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)* 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic atom Chemical compound [As] RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011669 selenium Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052714 tellurium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- PORWMNRCUJJQNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tellurium atom Chemical compound [Te] PORWMNRCUJJQNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- AJDIZQLSFPQPEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2-Trichlorotrifluoroethane Chemical compound FC(F)(Cl)C(F)(Cl)Cl AJDIZQLSFPQPEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfonic acid Chemical group OS(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910006069 SO3H Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000001309 chloro group Chemical group Cl* 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009533 lab test Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000005010 perfluoroalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001771 vacuum deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960001760 dimethyl sulfoxide Drugs 0.000 claims 4
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229920002313 fluoropolymer Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000007666 vacuum forming Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 125000000542 sulfonic acid group Chemical group 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- UQSQSQZYBQSBJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluorosulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(F)(=O)=O UQSQSQZYBQSBJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- 229920000557 Nafion® Polymers 0.000 description 26
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 11
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 8
- 239000003518 caustics Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004812 Fluorinated ethylene propylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- 240000007930 Oxalis acetosella Species 0.000 description 3
- 235000008098 Oxalis acetosella Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 229910006095 SO2F Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 description 3
- HQQADJVZYDDRJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethene;prop-1-ene Chemical group C=C.CC=C HQQADJVZYDDRJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011236 particulate material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920009441 perflouroethylene propylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylenediamine Chemical compound NCCN PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001514 alkali metal chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012267 brine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 2
- -1 hydroxide ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 2
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical group C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229920001774 Perfluoroether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910001413 alkali metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005349 anion exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001680 brushing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 238000012824 chemical production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008199 coating composition Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003844 diaphragm cell process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002848 electrochemical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001820 oxy group Chemical group [*:1]O[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- CWBIFDGMOSWLRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimagnesium;hydroxy(trioxido)silane;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].O[Si]([O-])([O-])[O-].O[Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] CWBIFDGMOSWLRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/20—Manufacture of shaped structures of ion-exchange resins
- C08J5/22—Films, membranes or diaphragms
- C08J5/2206—Films, membranes or diaphragms based on organic and/or inorganic macromolecular compounds
- C08J5/2218—Synthetic macromolecular compounds
- C08J5/2231—Synthetic macromolecular compounds based on macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bonds
- C08J5/2237—Synthetic macromolecular compounds based on macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bonds containing fluorine
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/20—Manufacture of shaped structures of ion-exchange resins
- C08J5/22—Films, membranes or diaphragms
- C08J5/2206—Films, membranes or diaphragms based on organic and/or inorganic macromolecular compounds
- C08J5/2218—Synthetic macromolecular compounds
- C08J5/2231—Synthetic macromolecular compounds based on macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bonds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B13/00—Diaphragms; Spacing elements
- C25B13/04—Diaphragms; Spacing elements characterised by the material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2327/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2327/02—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08J2327/12—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment containing fluorine atoms
- C08J2327/18—Homopolymers or copolymers of tetrafluoroethylene
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Macromolecular Shaped Articles (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
- Cell Separators (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US05/688,842 US4036728A (en) | 1976-05-21 | 1976-05-21 | Converting a diaphragm electrolytic cell to a membrane electrolytic cell |
| US05/790,756 US4112149A (en) | 1976-05-21 | 1977-04-25 | Converting a diaphragm electrolytic cell to a membrane electrolytic cell |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB1565876A true GB1565876A (en) | 1980-04-23 |
Family
ID=27104291
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB21385/77A Expired GB1565876A (en) | 1976-05-21 | 1977-05-20 | Electrolytic cells |
Country Status (17)
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0041732A1 (en) * | 1980-06-11 | 1981-12-16 | The Dow Chemical Company | Electrolytic cell having an improved ion exchange membrane and process for operating |
| EP0041733A1 (en) * | 1980-06-11 | 1981-12-16 | The Dow Chemical Company | Improved sulfonic acid electrolytic cell membranes |
| EP0041734A1 (en) * | 1980-06-11 | 1981-12-16 | The Dow Chemical Company | Improved composite ion exchange membranes |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BE788557A (fr) * | 1971-09-09 | 1973-03-08 | Ppg Industries Inc | Diaphragmes pour cellules electrolytiques |
-
1977
- 1977-05-13 MX MX169139A patent/MX145160A/es unknown
- 1977-05-17 DE DE19772722313 patent/DE2722313A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 1977-05-17 JP JP5698477A patent/JPS52142678A/ja active Pending
- 1977-05-18 SE SE7705911A patent/SE7705911L/xx not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1977-05-19 PL PL1977198230A patent/PL117739B1/pl unknown
- 1977-05-20 RO RO7790423A patent/RO72502A/ro unknown
- 1977-05-20 BR BR7703280A patent/BR7703280A/pt unknown
- 1977-05-20 FR FR7715495A patent/FR2352073A1/fr active Granted
- 1977-05-20 NL NL7705600A patent/NL7705600A/xx not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1977-05-20 GB GB21385/77A patent/GB1565876A/en not_active Expired
- 1977-05-20 FI FI771620A patent/FI771620A7/fi not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1977-05-20 NO NO771758A patent/NO771758L/no unknown
- 1977-05-20 IL IL7752135A patent/IL52135A/xx unknown
- 1977-05-20 DD DD7700199046A patent/DD131188A5/xx unknown
- 1977-05-20 AR AR267723A patent/AR218623A1/es active
- 1977-05-20 CA CA000278937A patent/CA1118717A/en not_active Expired
- 1977-05-20 AU AU25346/77A patent/AU514868B2/en not_active Expired
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0041732A1 (en) * | 1980-06-11 | 1981-12-16 | The Dow Chemical Company | Electrolytic cell having an improved ion exchange membrane and process for operating |
| EP0041733A1 (en) * | 1980-06-11 | 1981-12-16 | The Dow Chemical Company | Improved sulfonic acid electrolytic cell membranes |
| EP0041734A1 (en) * | 1980-06-11 | 1981-12-16 | The Dow Chemical Company | Improved composite ion exchange membranes |
| US4470889A (en) * | 1980-06-11 | 1984-09-11 | The Dow Chemical Company | Electrolytic cell having an improved ion exchange membrane and process for operating |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS52142678A (en) | 1977-11-28 |
| DE2722313A1 (de) | 1977-12-01 |
| DD131188A5 (de) | 1978-06-07 |
| IL52135A (en) | 1980-05-30 |
| FI771620A7 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1977-11-22 |
| SE7705911L (sv) | 1977-11-22 |
| AU2534677A (en) | 1978-11-23 |
| PL198230A1 (pl) | 1978-02-13 |
| FR2352073B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1982-08-13 |
| CA1118717A (en) | 1982-02-23 |
| PL117739B1 (en) | 1981-08-31 |
| FR2352073A1 (fr) | 1977-12-16 |
| AR218623A1 (es) | 1980-06-30 |
| MX145160A (es) | 1982-01-12 |
| IL52135A0 (en) | 1977-07-31 |
| BR7703280A (pt) | 1978-03-14 |
| NL7705600A (nl) | 1977-11-23 |
| NO771758L (no) | 1977-11-22 |
| AU514868B2 (en) | 1981-03-05 |
| RO72502A (ro) | 1982-05-10 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PS | Patent sealed [section 19, patents act 1949] | ||
| PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |