GB1427676A - Heating element and heater - Google Patents

Heating element and heater

Info

Publication number
GB1427676A
GB1427676A GB986974A GB986974A GB1427676A GB 1427676 A GB1427676 A GB 1427676A GB 986974 A GB986974 A GB 986974A GB 986974 A GB986974 A GB 986974A GB 1427676 A GB1427676 A GB 1427676A
Authority
GB
United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
electrodes
resistor
channels
honeycomb structure
honeycomb
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
GB986974A
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
NGK Insulators Ltd
Original Assignee
NGK Insulators Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by NGK Insulators Ltd filed Critical NGK Insulators Ltd
Publication of GB1427676A publication Critical patent/GB1427676A/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/10—Heater elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor
    • H05B3/12—Heater elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material
    • H05B3/14—Heater elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material the material being non-metallic
    • H05B3/141—Conductive ceramics, e.g. metal oxides, metal carbides, barium titanate, ferrites, zirconia, vitrous compounds
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A45—HAND OR TRAVELLING ARTICLES
    • A45D—HAIRDRESSING OR SHAVING EQUIPMENT; EQUIPMENT FOR COSMETICS OR COSMETIC TREATMENTS, e.g. FOR MANICURING OR PEDICURING
    • A45D20/00—Hair drying devices; Accessories therefor
    • A45D20/04—Hot-air producers
    • A45D20/08—Hot-air producers heated electrically
    • A45D20/10—Hand-held drying devices, e.g. air douches
    • A45D20/12—Details thereof or accessories therefor, e.g. nozzles, stands
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H3/00—Air heaters
    • F24H3/02—Air heaters with forced circulation
    • F24H3/04—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being in direct contact with the heating medium, e.g. electric heating element
    • F24H3/0405—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being in direct contact with the heating medium, e.g. electric heating element using electric energy supply, e.g. the heating medium being a resistive element; Heating by direct contact, i.e. with resistive elements, electrodes and fins being bonded together without additional element in-between
    • F24H3/0411—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being in direct contact with the heating medium, e.g. electric heating element using electric energy supply, e.g. the heating medium being a resistive element; Heating by direct contact, i.e. with resistive elements, electrodes and fins being bonded together without additional element in-between for domestic or space-heating systems
    • F24H3/0417—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being in direct contact with the heating medium, e.g. electric heating element using electric energy supply, e.g. the heating medium being a resistive element; Heating by direct contact, i.e. with resistive elements, electrodes and fins being bonded together without additional element in-between for domestic or space-heating systems portable or mobile
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H9/00—Details
    • F24H9/18—Arrangement or mounting of grates or heating means
    • F24H9/1854—Arrangement or mounting of grates or heating means for air heaters
    • F24H9/1863—Arrangement or mounting of electric heating means
    • F24H9/1872—PTC
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01C—RESISTORS
    • H01C1/00—Details
    • H01C1/14—Terminals or tapping points or electrodes specially adapted for resistors; Arrangements of terminals or tapping points or electrodes on resistors
    • H01C1/1406—Terminals or electrodes formed on resistive elements having positive temperature coefficient
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01C—RESISTORS
    • H01C7/00—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material
    • H01C7/02—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material having positive temperature coefficient
    • H01C7/022—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material having positive temperature coefficient mainly consisting of non-metallic substances

Abstract

1427676 Resistance heating element NIPPON GAISHI KK 5 March 1974 [9 March 1973] 9869/74 Heading H5H A P.T.C. ceramic heating element 1 with a large surface to volume ratio between 10 to 60 cm.<SP>2</SP>/cm.<SP>3</SP> has a honeycomb structure i.e. it has a plurality of parallel channels 2 extending therethrough. As shown, the element 1 is cylindrical and the channels 2 extend between end faces provided with current supply electrodes 4, 5. The channels may be of triangular, hexagonal, any other polygonal, or circular cross-section. The heat element 1 may be rectangular or polygonal in cross-section. The supply electrodes may be mounted on surfaces of the element other than those in which the channels 2 terminate. The element may be made of BaCO 3 , TiO 2 SiO 2 and La 2 O 3 which are calcined, pulverized, screened and dried before being blended with methyl cellulose, polyvinyl alcohol water solution, polyethylene glycol and water. The mixture was extruded through a "honeycomb" nozzle of a de-airing pug mill, and the "green" body obtained was freeze dried before being finally fired. Various other ceramic compositions may be used. In an alternative method of fabrication the honeycomb structure was produced by firing a bundle of green P.T.C. pipes together, or by coating ceramic particles suspended in an organic binder on the surface of a sheet of paper, corrugating the coated sheet of paper, folding the corrugated paper to produce superposed corrugated layers, and firing the superposed layers to leave a ceramic honeycomb structure in the manner disclosed in U.S. Specification 3,112,184. The electrodes may be formed by flame sprayed aluminium, an indium amalgam, electroless nickel plating, fired silver, fired gold, ultrasonic soldering with indium amalgam, or with a hypoeutectic alloy of nickel and indium. A silver paste comprising silver, zinc, glass powder and an organic solvent is screen printed on to the resistor 1 and baked to form the electrodes. Aluminium is hot sprayed on to the resistor to form the electrodes, the spray direction being inclined by an angle of 10 to 60 degrees to the end surfaces through which the channels extend to prevent clogging. Similarly, in electroless nickel plating, the honeycomb structure is immersed in silicone resin or wax to mask it, the electrode surfaces are ground to remove the mask and, the body is placed in a nickel salt path to form the electrodes. A plate resistor having a honeycomb structure and supplied by annular terminal plates is incorporated in an air heater. In Fig. 7, a rectangular section honeycomb resistor 1 is spaced from a housing 22 by thermal insulation 21 and heats fluid passed therethrough by pipes 19, 23. The heating element 1 may be coated with corrosion resistant material, e.g. P.T.F.E., fluorine rubber, silicone resin, silicone rubber, or silicone varnish to enable it to be used with corrosive acids or alkalis. Alternatively each channel may be lined with a stainless steel pipe. The heater of Fig. 7 may be used for heating liquid fuel, for preheating oil, or in a beverage maker. In Fig. 8 (not shown) a humidifier comprises a disc shaped honeycomb resistor mounted on a water absorbing mat provided with a wick dipping in a bowl of water. A plurality of heating elements may be connected in series and/or parallel with conventional nickel chrome heaters. The heater may be incorporated in a hair dryer or a hot air hand drier.
GB986974A 1973-03-09 1974-03-05 Heating element and heater Expired GB1427676A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP48026934A JPS5148815B2 (en) 1973-03-09 1973-03-09

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
GB1427676A true GB1427676A (en) 1976-03-10

Family

ID=12206971

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
GB986974A Expired GB1427676A (en) 1973-03-09 1974-03-05 Heating element and heater

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US3927300A (en)
JP (1) JPS5148815B2 (en)
DE (1) DE2410999B2 (en)
GB (1) GB1427676A (en)
NL (1) NL161030C (en)

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US4293514A (en) 1976-11-26 1981-10-06 Ngk Insulators, Ltd. Method of producing honeycomb structural bodies consisting of barium titanate series ceramics having a positive temperature coefficient of electric resistance
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US20120192448A1 (en) * 2010-09-28 2012-08-02 Baxter Healthcare S.A Optimization of nucleation and crystallization for lyophilization using gap freezing
US20130287378A1 (en) * 2012-03-22 2013-10-31 Ngk Insulators, Ltd. Heater
CN107218721A (en) * 2017-06-01 2017-09-29 华南理工大学 A kind of high-temperature heat flux transmitter
US9869513B2 (en) 2010-09-28 2018-01-16 Baxter International Inc. Optimization of nucleation and crystallization for lyophilization using gap freezing

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Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4293514A (en) 1976-11-26 1981-10-06 Ngk Insulators, Ltd. Method of producing honeycomb structural bodies consisting of barium titanate series ceramics having a positive temperature coefficient of electric resistance
GB2454022A (en) * 2007-10-27 2009-04-29 Uav Engines Ltd Fuel heating apparatus to aid cold starts in low ambient temperatures
US20120192448A1 (en) * 2010-09-28 2012-08-02 Baxter Healthcare S.A Optimization of nucleation and crystallization for lyophilization using gap freezing
US8966782B2 (en) * 2010-09-28 2015-03-03 Baxter International Inc. Optimization of nucleation and crystallization for lyophilization using gap freezing
US9528761B2 (en) 2010-09-28 2016-12-27 Baxter International Inc. Optimization of nucleation and crystallization for lyophilization using gap freezing
US9625210B2 (en) 2010-09-28 2017-04-18 Baxter International Inc. Optimization of nucleation and crystallization for lyophilization using gap freezing
US9869513B2 (en) 2010-09-28 2018-01-16 Baxter International Inc. Optimization of nucleation and crystallization for lyophilization using gap freezing
US20130287378A1 (en) * 2012-03-22 2013-10-31 Ngk Insulators, Ltd. Heater
CN103503557A (en) * 2012-03-22 2014-01-08 日本碍子株式会社 Heater
US9383119B2 (en) * 2012-03-22 2016-07-05 Ngk Insulators, Ltd. Heater
CN107218721A (en) * 2017-06-01 2017-09-29 华南理工大学 A kind of high-temperature heat flux transmitter

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NL7403188A (en) 1974-09-11
US3927300A (en) 1975-12-16
NL161030C (en) 1979-12-17
JPS5148815B2 (en) 1976-12-23
JPS49114130A (en) 1974-10-31
DE2410999B2 (en) 1976-07-08
DE2410999A1 (en) 1974-09-12

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Date Code Title Description
PS Patent sealed [section 19, patents act 1949]
PE20 Patent expired after termination of 20 years

Effective date: 19940304