GB1381394A - Electrochemical display apparatus - Google Patents

Electrochemical display apparatus

Info

Publication number
GB1381394A
GB1381394A GB789472A GB789472A GB1381394A GB 1381394 A GB1381394 A GB 1381394A GB 789472 A GB789472 A GB 789472A GB 789472 A GB789472 A GB 789472A GB 1381394 A GB1381394 A GB 1381394A
Authority
GB
United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
iodide
medium
display
display electrode
halogen
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
GB789472A
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
International Business Machines Corp
Original Assignee
International Business Machines Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by International Business Machines Corp filed Critical International Business Machines Corp
Publication of GB1381394A publication Critical patent/GB1381394A/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K9/00—Tenebrescent materials, i.e. materials for which the range of wavelengths for energy absorption is changed as a result of excitation by some form of energy
    • C09K9/02—Organic tenebrescent materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
    • B41M5/00—Duplicating or marking methods; Sheet materials for use therein
    • B41M5/20—Duplicating or marking methods; Sheet materials for use therein using electric current
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/15—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on an electrochromic effect
    • G02F1/1506—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on an electrochromic effect caused by electrodeposition, e.g. electrolytic deposition of an inorganic material on or close to an electrode

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Nonlinear Science (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Electrochromic Elements, Electrophoresis, Or Variable Reflection Or Absorption Elements (AREA)
  • Devices For Indicating Variable Information By Combining Individual Elements (AREA)

Abstract

1381394 Matrix displays INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORP 21 Feb 1972 [29 March 1971] 7894/72 Heading G5C [Also in Division H4] A display apparatus comprises one or more electrically common reference electrodes 24, one or more selectively addressable display electrodes 13, 17, e.g. forming a " figure of eight ", and an electrolyte medium 21 comprising an organic ionic halide, so that on passage of current of the appropriate polarity a halogen is released at the display electrode and obscures the surface thereof, which is otherwise visible. The display electrode surface is chemically inert to the halogen and to other components of the medium 21 whether in their oxidized or reduced form. As particularly described, the display electrode has a highly reflective surface, and the organic ionic halide is an ammonium, phosphonium, or arsonium iodide. Most detail is given of the ammonium compounds, the four substituents being the same or different and selected from hydrogen, alkyl, aryl and aralkyl, preferred compounds being acetyl-, propionyl-, and butyryl-choline iodide. The benzoyl derivative is also mentioned. Medium 21 may be liquid, with a viscosity controlled by the addition of gelatine (to prevent diffusion of the iodide or iodine) or it may form a gel therewith. The electrode 24 is preferably Ag/AgI.
GB789472A 1971-03-29 1972-02-21 Electrochemical display apparatus Expired GB1381394A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US12883371A 1971-03-29 1971-03-29

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
GB1381394A true GB1381394A (en) 1975-01-22

Family

ID=22437205

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
GB789472A Expired GB1381394A (en) 1971-03-29 1972-02-21 Electrochemical display apparatus

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US3736043A (en)
DE (1) DE2213506A1 (en)
FR (1) FR2131993B1 (en)
GB (1) GB1381394A (en)

Families Citing this family (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3961842A (en) * 1974-09-20 1976-06-08 Texas Instruments Incorporated Regenerating electrode for electrochromic display cell
US3950077A (en) * 1974-09-20 1976-04-13 Texas Instruments Incorporated Lead reference and counter electrode for an electrochromic display
US4070663A (en) * 1975-07-07 1978-01-24 Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha Control system for driving a capacitive display unit such as an EL display panel
JPS5212049A (en) * 1975-07-15 1977-01-29 Nippon Kogaku Kk <Nikon> Recording and reproducing unit for games
US4074256A (en) * 1975-08-20 1978-02-14 Citizen Watch Company Limited Driver circuit for driving electrochromic display device
JPS59107B2 (en) * 1976-02-09 1984-01-05 シチズン時計株式会社 Portable electronic device with electrochromic display
US4071430A (en) * 1976-12-06 1978-01-31 North American Philips Corporation Electrophoretic image display having an improved switching time
DE2756048C2 (en) * 1976-12-17 1984-07-05 Sharp K.K., Osaka Circuit arrangement for operating an electrochromic display device
JPS53130996A (en) * 1977-04-20 1978-11-15 Sharp Corp Driving system for display unit
US4146876A (en) * 1977-06-29 1979-03-27 International Business Machines Corporation Matrix addressed electrochromic display
JPS5446546U (en) * 1977-09-07 1979-03-31
FR2407746A1 (en) * 1977-11-07 1979-06-01 Commissariat Energie Atomique ELECTRODE FOR ELECTROLYSIS CELL, ESPECIALLY FOR ELECTROLYTIC DISPLAY CELL AND ITS MANUFACTURING PROCESS
US4264693A (en) * 1978-12-29 1981-04-28 International Business Machines Corporation Light and current sensitive film and print-display system therewith
JPS55142390A (en) * 1979-04-24 1980-11-06 Sharp Kk Driving electroluminescence display unit
US4396253A (en) * 1979-12-24 1983-08-02 Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha Electro-chromic display devices
US4311361A (en) * 1980-03-13 1982-01-19 Burroughs Corporation Electrophoretic display using a non-Newtonian fluid as a threshold device
FR2505067A1 (en) * 1981-04-30 1982-11-05 Jaeger ELECTROLYTIC DISPLAY CELL WITH TRANSPARENT REAR BLADE
US6120518A (en) * 1998-04-01 2000-09-19 Promex, Inc. Non-reflective surfaces for surgical procedures
JP6583803B2 (en) * 2016-03-28 2019-10-02 パナソニックＩｐマネジメント株式会社 Electrochromic device

Family Cites Families (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US16733A (en) * 1857-03-03 Screw-wren-ch
US3190177A (en) * 1958-04-15 1965-06-22 Edward K Kaprelian Electrochemical shutters
US3096271A (en) * 1958-11-26 1963-07-02 Burroughs Corp Data display device
US3153113A (en) * 1961-01-26 1964-10-13 Eastman Kodak Co Electroplating light valve
US3280701A (en) * 1961-09-05 1966-10-25 Donnelly Mirrors Inc Optically variable one-way mirror
US3282160A (en) * 1963-01-07 1966-11-01 Dow Chemical Co Color reversible electrochemical light filter utilizing electrolytic solution
US3303488A (en) * 1963-02-11 1967-02-07 Electroscope Res Inc Electro-optic information display device utilizing an acid-base indicator
US3443859A (en) * 1964-03-09 1969-05-13 Polaroid Corp Variable light-filtering device
US3451741A (en) * 1966-06-15 1969-06-24 Du Pont Electrochromic device

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2131993A1 (en) 1972-11-17
FR2131993B1 (en) 1979-08-10
DE2213506A1 (en) 1972-10-05
US3736043A (en) 1973-05-29

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Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PS Patent sealed [section 19, patents act 1949]
PCNP Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee