FR3105271A1 - Velvet loom - Google Patents

Abstract

Velvet loom (1) allowing, on the one hand, the alternating weaving of two layers (2, 3) of superimposed fabric each composed of warp threads (4) and weft threads and linked to each other. 'the other by pile yarns (5) controlled by an electronic Jacquard mechanism (18) and, on the other hand, the separation of the two layers (2, 3) by a razor (33) moved laterally between the two layers (2 , 3) to cut the pile threads (5). According to the invention, the weaving loom (1) is associated with a system of creels (20) of spools (21) of pile yarn, positioned on a platform (17) mounted above the loom (1) . Figure for the abstract: Fig. 7

Description

Velvet loom

The invention relates to the field of velvet looms, and more particularly relates to a so-called double-sheet loom.

Prior art

In the state of the art, a double-ply velvet loom is known, that is to say allowing, on the one hand, the simultaneous weaving of two superimposed fabric plies each composed of warp yarns and of weft threads and linked to one another by pile threads and, on the other hand, the separation of the two layers by a razor moved laterally between the two layers to cut the pile threads.

When the two layers of fabric are separated, the pile threads form the pile of each one.

For the insertion of the weft threads into crowds formed by the warp threads, it is known practice to make back and forth movements with a wooden shuttle comprising two metal tips at the ends, and a spool of thread. weft called a bobbin.

This old technique has limited reliability and performance.

It is also known to use a pair of spears, each spear of which moves towards the other to meet halfway across the width of the web. A first spear grabs the weft thread on one side of the web and moves it inside the shed of a web to transfer it to the other spear which pulls the weft thread to the other side of the web. the tablecloth.

As to obtain the velvet pile, the high layer takes off from the bead by 3 to 5 millimeters, it is difficult to catch the weft thread when changing because the spears are raised and the weft thread exchanges in the middle do not take place. at all or not correctly.

This solution has increased reliability and efficiency compared to the shuttle technique, but can be further improved.

One of the aims of the invention is therefore to provide a double-ply velvet loom, the reliability and efficiency of which are improved.

For this purpose, a velvet loom has been developed allowing, on the one hand, the alternate weaving of two superimposed layers of fabric each made up of warp and weft threads and linked to each other. 'the other by pile son and, on the other hand, the separation of the two layers by a razor moved laterally between the two layers to cut the pile son.

According to the invention, the loom comprises, for inserting a weft thread into a shed formed by the warp threads of a web, a mechanism comprising a single reciprocating lance.

In this way, the use of a single lance increases the reliability of the loom, and increases its production efficiency.

In order to further improve the reliability of the loom, the razor is moved by a pneumatic control system. This system is fast and reliable.

Preferably, so that the loom can achieve a so-called shaped weaving, that is to say one selected according to a particular pattern, the pile threads are controlled by a Jacquard mechanism, preferably electronic, associated with a return system. mechanical angle to control the Jacquard mechanism.

In a known manner, Jacquard machinery works with a system of pile yarn spools creels. Thus, according to another characteristic of the invention, the loom is associated with a system of creels of pile yarn spools positioned on a platform mounted above the loom. This characteristic makes it possible to optimize the landholding of the loom, and to increase the length of the pile threads.

Advantageously, each pile yarn reel is subject to an individual tensioner positioned in front of each reel, the tensioned yarns of the same creel level are sent through a comb, in particular before plunging into the warp yarns. This characteristic makes it possible to perfectly control the tension of the pile threads.

According to a particular embodiment, each pile yarn reel comprises a hollow mandrel around which the pile yarn is wound and one end of which is flared into a cone so as to constitute a support for the base of the pile yarn, and each reel of pile yarn is surrounded by an elastic sleeve. This type of coil is known to those skilled in the art under the English name "Kingspool". This feature makes it possible to avoid the rewinding of the pile threads, the threads are directly unwound from the Kingspool spools. On the other hand, the elastic sleeve helps to maintain the stability of the pile yarn spools, further increasing the reliability of the loom according to the invention.

According to a particular embodiment, the pile yarns coming from the creels plunge through the warp yarns to a return system, and then go up again crossing the warp yarns from above; the return system is subject to vertical displacement means making it possible to tension and unwind the coils of pile yarn.

These characteristics make it possible to efficiently adjust the tension of the pile threads and to have spools containing 8 to 10 times more thread than a regular rewound spool.

Preferably, the displacement means are in the form of a tension bar positioned to press on the return system, and controlled by a pneumatic cylinder.

Advantageously and in order to participate in the reliability of the weaving loom according to the invention, said loom comprises a stopping motor adapted to block the loom, in particular with a safety brake, to prevent it from returning in the event of a power cut. 'electricity.

Description of figures

Figure 1 is a front view of the loom according to the invention, in front of which is positioned a platform.

Figure 2 is a side view of the loom.

Figure 3 is a rear view of the loom.

FIG. 4 is a side perspective view illustrating the clapper with the sets of heddles and the rod of the lance.

FIG. 5 is a perspective view illustrating the rod and the clamp of the lance, inserted in a crowd of warp threads.

FIG. 6 is a perspective view illustrating the electronic Jacquard mechanism and the stop motor, positioned on the platform above the loom.

Figure 7 is a perspective view of the pile yarn bobbin creels positioned on the platform above the loom.

Figure 8 is a perspective detail view of the wrapped pile yarn spools, elastic sleeves, and individual tensioners positioned in front of the spools.

FIG. 9 is a perspective view illustrating the system for returning the pile yarns and its vertical displacement means making it possible to tension and unwind the pile yarn spools.

FIG. 10 is a perspective view illustrating the winding rolls of the velor woven webs and the pneumatic web separation razor.

FIG. 11 is a view similar to that of FIG. 10, seen from the other side of the rollers, illustrating in detail the arrangement of the pneumatic razor.

Detailed description of the invention

Referring to Figures 1 to 11, the invention relates to a loom (1) of double-ply velor (2, 3).

In general, the fabric layers (2, 3) consist of warp threads (4) and weft threads. The warp threads (4) are parallel and run lengthwise of the web, and determine the length and width of the web. The weft threads are perpendicular to the warp threads (4) and cross them or are inserted between them.

In a known manner, the expression “double layers” means that the loom (1) allows the alternating weaving of two independent layers (2, 3) of fabric, one above the other, linked. initially to each other by pile threads (5) which, after separation, form the pile of each of them.

Referring to Figures 1 to 3, and generally and well known to those skilled in the art, the loom (1) the pile comprises a frame (6), unwinding rollers (7) of the son of warp (4), and weft unwinding rollers.

The loom (1) also comprises a structure (9) equipped with two sets of heddles (10), a first set associated with an upper layer (2) of warp threads (4), and a second set associated with a lower layer (3) of warp threads (4). The sets of heddles (10) move vertically with reciprocating movements to form the different crowds in which a weft thread is intended to be inserted.

Referring to Figures 4 and 5, the loom (1) comprises a comb (11) driven by a reciprocating tilting movement to comb the weft thread inserted in the shed and tighten the weft, and also comprises means of cutting of the combed weft thread (not shown).

The loom (1) comprises in its upper part, a Jacquard machine (18), known to those skilled in the art, which controls the insertion of the pile threads (5). The pile threads (5) are, for example, polyester threads, covered with a metallic layer, of the type of those sold for example under the name Lurex®.

For the insertion of the weft threads into the masses of warp threads (4), the loom (1) comprises a mechanism comprising a single lance (13), for example mechanical, provided on one side of the loom ( 1). Referring to Figures 4 and 5, the lance (13) comprises, in the manner of a jack, an external barrel (14) in which a rod (15) slidably mounted so as to be able to be driven in a backward movement. and-comes by pressurizing the front or rear parts of the outer barrel (14). The rod (15) of the lance (13) is guided by the sliding in the barrel (14) and therefore moves freely in the shed, not leaning on the warp threads (4) or on the threads bristle (5), nor against the comb (11). This feature then eliminates the problem of weft yarn exchange in the middle.

In a known manner, the lance (13) comprises at its end a clamp (16) intended to grip the weft thread, supplied by a thread presentation device positioned on one side of the loom (1).

As indicated, the lance (13) is animated by reciprocating movements during which the gripper (16) grasps the weft thread presented by the presentation device, and brings it to the other side of the fabric. passing through crowds of warp threads (4).

For this purpose and in a known manner, the heddles make it possible to lift part of the warp threads (4) so as to create crowds, between the warp threads (4) raised and the warp threads which are not. The insertion of the weft threads is carried out by the back and forth movement of the lance (13) which then positions a weft thread on each pass.

The loom (1) further comprises other elements necessary for its operation, well known to those skilled in the art, so that they will not be described in detail.

The weft thread is inserted to alternately weave the upper layer (2) and the lower layer (3), connected to each other by pile threads (5).

Jacquard machinery (18), well known to those skilled in the art, has been adapted here to weave velvet on contract. The loom (1) according to the invention comprises a platform (17) surmounting said loom (1), in the manner of a superstructure.

The platform (17) comprises, for example, uprights supporting the platform (17) at a height of 2 m for example. Referring to Figure 6, an angle transmission system (35) for mechanically controlling the control shaft of the Jacquard mechanism (18). The electronic Jacquard mechanism (18) makes it possible to eliminate the paper drawing. Furthermore, a stop motor (19) is also positioned on the platform (17), and is secured. The stop motor (19) is adapted to block the loom (1) to prevent it from reversing in the event of a power cut.

Referring to Figures 6 to 8, creels (20) of coils (21) of pile yarn are also arranged in height, on the platform (17). Each creel (20) has a plurality of spools (21) of pile yarn which are positioned side by side by ten, and one above the other in shelving, also by ten. This new arrangement of the creels (20) makes it possible to have 10 to 12 times the length of pile yarn (5) on each coil (21) of pile yarn for the same grip on the ground, and to control the tension for a perfect course.

With reference to FIG. 8, the pile yarn spools (21) are arranged substantially horizontally and each pile yarn reel comprises a hollow mandrel (22) around which the pile yarn (5) is wound and of which one end is flared in a cone so as to constitute a support for the base of the pile yarn (5). This type of coil (21) is well known under the English name "Kingspool".

In order to ensure the stability of the bobbins (21) of pile yarn, each bobbin is surrounded by an elastic sleeve (23), for example in polyester which has preferably been pleated to allow the following of the cone when it decreases in volume. .

Each reel (21) is subject to an individual tensioner (24) positioned in front of each reel (21). The pile threads (5) stretched from the same level of creel are sent through a comb (26), see figure 7, before plunging between the warp threads (4).

Referring to Figure 9, the pile yarns (5) coming from the creels (20) plunge through the warp yarns (4) to a return system (27), and then go up again crossing the yarns. chain (4) from above.

The return system (27) includes a back and forth to press on the dancers and bring in the pile threads to obtain the velvet

In order to tension and unwind the coils (21) of pile yarn, the return system (27) is subject to vertical displacement means (28) intended to create a back and forth movement of the system. reference (27).

For example, the vertical displacement means (28) are in the form of a tension bar (29) positioned to press on the return system (27), for example connected, by means of a locking mechanism. deflection bars (30) and pivoting axis (31), to a pneumatic cylinder (not shown) which, when actuated, moves the tension bar (29) vertically.

In a conventional manner, the pile threads (5) emerge from the chain at the top and enter a harness (32) of the Jacquard mechanism (18), controlled by the angle transmission system (35), to come and bind the lower and upper layers (2, 3) of warp threads (4).

Finally, with reference to FIGS. 10 and 11, at the outlet of the loom (1), when the webs (2, 3) have been connected by the pile threads (5) and woven with weft threads, the webs ( 2, 3) are separated from each other by a razor (33) moved laterally between the two layers (2, 3) to cut the pile threads (5). According to the invention, the razor (33) is moved by a pneumatic control system.

The separate webs (2, 3) are then each wound around a roll (34).

From the foregoing, it appears that the invention provides a double-ply pile loom, the reliability and efficiency of which are improved. The loom according to the invention spins faster and does not stop. It is approximately 3 times more efficient than an ordinary shuttle loom for velvet.

Claims (10)

Velvet loom (1) allowing, on the one hand, the alternating weaving of two layers (2, 3) of superimposed fabric each composed of warp threads (4) and weft threads and linked to each other. 'the other by pile threads (5) controlled by an electronic Jacquard mechanism (18) and, on the other hand, the separation of the two layers (2, 3) by a razor (33) moved laterally between the two layers (2 , 3) for cutting the pile yarns (5), characterized in that the weaving loom (1) is associated with a system of creels (20) of bobbins (21) of pile yarn, positioned on a platform (17 ) mounted above the loom (1). Loom (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that each pile yarn reel (21) is secured to an individual tensioner (24) positioned in front of each reel (21), the pile yarns (5) stretched over 'the same level of creel are sent in a comb (26). Pile loom (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that each pile yarn spool (21) comprises a hollow mandrel (22) around which the pile yarn (5) is wound and of which one end is flared in a cone so as to constitute a support for the base of the pile yarn (5), and each pile yarn spool (21) is surrounded by an elastic sleeve (23). Pile loom (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the pile threads (5) coming from the creels (20) dip through the warp threads (4) to a return system (27), and then go up again crossing the warp threads (4) from above; the return system (27) is subject to vertical displacement means (28) making it possible to tension and unwind the spools (21) of pile yarn. Loom (1) according to claim 4, characterized in that the displacement means (28) are in the form of a tension bar (29) positioned to press on the return system (27), controlled by a pneumatic cylinder. Loom (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the Jacquard mechanism (18) is associated with a mechanical angle transmission system (35), which mechanical angle transmission system (35) mechanically controls a control shaft of the Jacquard mechanism (18). Loom (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the razor (33) is moved by a pneumatic control system. Loom (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises, for the insertion of a weft thread in a shed formed by the warp threads (4) of a web, a mechanism comprising a single lance (13) with reciprocating movements. Pile loom (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises a stop motor (19) adapted to block the loom to prevent its reversal in the event of a power cut. Pile loom (1) according to claim 9, characterized in that the stop motor (19) is positioned on the platform (17).