FR3101091A1 - DEVICE FOR ELECTRIC POLARIZATION TO FACILITATE THE REMOVAL OF A REINFORCED CONCRETE WALL BENCH SUITABLE TO BE MOUNTED ON A BENCH - Google Patents

Abstract

Electric polarization device facilitating the stripping of a shuttered reinforced concrete wall from the electrically conductive shuttering face of a shuttering forming part of a formwork delimiting a formwork space, while a metal reinforcement has been placed in the formwork space and that selected current concrete capable of electrical polarization has been poured into the formwork space and its compaction ensured, comprising a source of electrical energy having an anode and a cathode, an electrical connection means for the formwork face comprising a conduction means for the shuttering face and a connector means for the shuttering face and an electrical connection means for the armature, so that the shuttering face is connected to the cathode and the armature is connected to the anode, so as to be able to applying a polarization electric potential difference ΔV between the shuttering face and the reinforcement, characterized in that the polarization device comprises a means of fixing amo Mechanical or magnetic cable from the formwork connector means to the formwork itself. Figure for the abstract: figure 1

Description

DEVICE FOR ELECTRICAL POLARIZATION TO FACILITATE THE RELEASE OF A REINFORCED CONCRETE WALL FORM SUITABLE TO BE MOUNTED ON A FORM

The field of the invention is, considered most broadly, the implementation of concrete with a view to producing a shuttered reinforced concrete wall, more particularly, the stripping of such a wall with electric polarization to facilitate stripping (by the suite sometimes referred to, by ellipse, electrical polarization or polarization), and more specifically, an electrical polarization device suitable for being mounted on a formwork or a pair of formwork and assembly comprising the formwork - or the pair of formwork - and the said polarization.

A shuttered reinforced concrete wall (subsequently sometimes designated, by ellipse, wall or concrete wall) is a structure or part of a structure for building, civil engineering or public works, the constructions and shapes of which can be diverse. , such as a partition, a veil, a cross-section, a vertical wall or a post, such as the concrete, on the one hand, is either delivered to the site in the fresh state by a producer or manufactured on the site by the user, on the other hand, is poured either in situ or on a prefabrication site or in the factory, in a formwork space delimited by a formwork comprising at least formwork panel (as will be explained later) having a face (or skin) formwork, while a mechanical strength reinforcement has been placed in the formwork space in an adequate manner to be ultimately – and for the most part at least – embedded in the concrete. In many usual cases, the formwork comprises two formwork, so that the formwork space can then be qualified as an interplank space, and the formwork faces, in position, are kept stable vertically parallel to each other. and spread apart, leaving the space between them.

The stripping of such a concrete wall is, in the strict sense, the operation which consists in separating the formwork (in particular the at least one formwork and in particular the two formwork) from the wall, once the concrete poured into the formwork space (in particular the space between panels) is sufficiently hardened, and consequently to remove the formwork. After such stripping, the wall, stripped, has at least one side – the facing – which can remain visible raw from formwork or be subsequently subjected to mechanical and/or chemical treatments, while the at least one formwork, freed, can be moved, stored or reused. It will be explained later that it is recommended to plan an operation to facilitate stripping.

The following documents set forth, among others, general knowledge of a person skilled in the art:

• French standard NF DTU 21 entitled "Building works - Execution of concrete works, dated June 17, 2017, and French standard NF EN 206-1 entitled "Concrete - Specifications, performance, production and compliance, dated November 2016;
• work entitled Fiches Techniques, Tome 2, entitled "Concretes: formulation, manufacture and implementation", from the Cimbeton Technical Collection of the Information Center on cement and its applications, dated January 2013;
• work entitled "Quality facings of concrete walls", from the Technical Collection Syndicat Français de l'Echafaudage, du Coffrage et de l'Shoring, from the Fédération Française du Bâtiment FFB, dated March 2005;
• book entitled "Practical guide to concrete", published by Holcim (Switzerland) SA, the ^6th edition of which is dated 2015.

A concrete is made from cement, mixing water, aggregates (such as sand and gravel), and, where appropriate according to need, one or more adjuvants (such as in particular a plasticizer, a plasticizer, a setting retarder or a setting accelerator) and/or additives (such as in particular fibers and pigments). The standards classify so-called "common" cements into five main types called CMI, CMII, CMIII, CMIV and CMV (CMI and CMII type cements themselves comprising several kinds of Portland cements, each with its own notation such as CEM I, CEM II/A-S…), each type and/or kind of cement being characterized by its main constituents and a resistance class which must be in line with the intended application and the expected requirements. Where appropriate, the concrete may be self-consolidating.

By mixing and kneading the constituents of the concrete, the anhydrous cement is hydrated with the mixing water and the cement paste is gradually stiffened and hardened. Once the mixture and the mixing have been carried out and as long as the hydration is not too advanced, the concrete, then qualified as "fresh", is workable, in particular malleable or plastic, able to be poured and compacted, and capable of filling a space. formwork (in particular the space between panels) and to suitably coat and embed the mechanical strength reinforcement. Occurs later (at the end of a phase sometimes referred to as "dormant"), often after 1.5 hours to more than two hours after the first contact of water and cement (referred to here as the mash or mash) for most common cements, the beginning of concrete setting: the concrete loses the workability it had previously, it becomes more rigid, there is heat release. We know that the onset of concrete setting can be determined scientifically by using a "Vicat needle" suitable for being driven into the concrete. Subsequently, the beginning of the hardening (maturation) of the concrete takes place, which will continue over time, the concrete, first said to be "young", being qualified as "hardened" after several weeks, its resistance at 28 days being the conventional value. considered classically. During the process, the physico-chemical properties of the concrete evolve. Thus and in particular, its internal temperature tends to increase when the chemical reactions of which it is the object are exothermic, the water content decreases, and most often, its electrical conductivity varies first by increasing then by decreasing at the beginning of the solidification.

Depending on the required properties of the fresh concrete and the hardened concrete, the specificities of the wall to be made, the conditions of its construction and its implementation (in particular thanks to the Dreux chart), the application envisaged and the expected requirements, the person skilled in the art is able to know what is the combination of the qualitative and quantitative composition parameters of the concrete to be implemented (formulation of the concrete).

The field of application of the invention is concretes qualified as "common concretes", heavy, light or of normal density, manufactured on site, ready to use or produced in a factory for the manufacture of prefabricated products and brought to the site, compacted, in such a way that the quantity of occluded air other than the entrained air is negligible, as provided for in the standards NF DTU 21 and NF EN 206-1 already mentioned, and which, moreover, are suitable to electrical polarization.

Reinforcement for reinforced concrete (also called reinforcement) has the function of reinforcing the mechanical resistance of the wall. It is made of a suitable steel and comes in the form of bars, lattices or cages. It is arranged and maintained within the formwork space itself (in particular the inter-panel space) longitudinally and transversely, or in other words, in the vertical direction and in the horizontal direction (the form(s) being in position). The structure of a reinforcement, its characteristics, its arrangement (positioning, anchoring and maintenance in the formwork space, in particular the inter-panel space) are within the reach of those skilled in the art, as are the means capable of allowing the continuity of the reinforcement between adjoining wall elements. To this end, it is then expected that the reinforcement has one (or more) protruding and emerging ends not embedded in the concrete (sometimes called splicing parts). The metal frame is electrically conductive. On its surface there may be a layer of scale from manufacturing, an oxidation layer from storage, or there may be passivation or corrosion reactions.

A formwork is essentially a prefabricated formwork panel capable of being reused, which comprises a framework, a formwork face intended to be in contact with the concrete for the production of the wall, which is a face of a formwork structure (wall , coating, etc.), and additional equipment, such as, in particular, devices for holding, adjusting, stabilizing, gripping, working, access, particularly in the upper part, protection. The term formwork used here, for convenience of language, should be understood as referring to a formwork element for a concrete wall, essentially comprising a framework and a formwork face which is a face of a formwork structure, capable of being held in position at desired location and absorb the forces resulting from the presence of concrete in the formwork space. Depending on the achievements, the formwork, and in particular its formwork face, is made of wood, metal or a combination. In many cases where it is a question of making a partition or a wall having two facings, the forms are used in pairs, two face-to-face forms being coupled, and there can be associated one or more ends specific to close the interbanche space transversely at one or/and the other of the two ends. It is also possible to use only one formwork, and not two, if there is already a wall bounded by concrete, the ground, or otherwise, located opposite the single formwork often referred to as the closing formwork. It is also possible to use more than two formwork, for example to make a post with a triangular or more generally polygonal cross-section. The field of application of the invention is formwork in the sense that it has been previously defined, having an electrically conductive formwork face, such as a metal formwork face, in particular made of steel, or made electrically conductive if it does not was not originally. The forms can be the subject of various achievements and improvements, as illustrated in particular and not limited to by the documents FR 3035134, FR 3042807 and FR 3074205. They can be of variable dimensions, in height, from 1 m to 3 m, and in width. A conventional formwork for the construction of a wall or a room partition can have a height adapted to that of the room, ranging from 2.50 m to 2.80 m approximately and a length (in the horizontal direction), ranging from 1.25m to 2.50m approximately. These values are given for illustrative purposes only. It is possible that a panel has a shorter length, if necessary. In the case of a pair of formwork, the formwork faces are kept apart from the thickness of the wall to be produced, which can vary according to requirements, typically between 12 cm and 25 cm approximately, according to the rules of the art. , by means of spacers. The appearance of the formwork face determines that of the rough facing of the concrete wall. Depending on requirements, the form panels are straight or rounded and provision may be made to rigidly associate two form panels or two pairs of form panels (or more) side by side or else a form form with a lower riser arranged and fixed underneath and/ or an extension arranged and fixed above, the height of which, adapted to the needs, can range from 0.25 m to 1.50 m approximately, these values being given only by way of example. Such rigid associations are made by means of bolts, projections, notches, etc., as described for example in document FR 2969195. There is then physical continuity between the adjoining formwork faces, downwards, upwards or upwards. either of the side sides.

To produce a reinforced concrete shuttered wall, in the case where a pair of shutterings is used, this pair of shutterings and concrete prepared in a mixer, fresh and kept in a fluid state, are available, in particular as in a router mounted on a truck. Depending on the case, it is "specified properties" concrete or "prescribed composition" concrete. The two formwork panels are then installed, in particular in situ at the desired location, and they are held in a fixed and suitable manner with the required spacing between, on the one hand, the formwork faces, and, on the other hand, between the formwork faces and the reinforcement arranged in the space between panels, if necessary with one or more risers and/or risers. Then, the concrete is poured in a fluid state in the inter-panel space, ensuring that it is suitably compacted and correctly fills the inter-panel space. Then, we wait for the concrete to set and let the concrete set. Finally, the formwork is separated from the completed wall (stripping operation).

To maintain the required spacing between the formwork faces of two face-to-face formwork panels, it is known to use spacers forming spacers fixed to the two formwork panels and crossing the interpanel space.

Most often, the reinforcement protrudes above the inter-banche space, leaving its upper terminal section accessible and not encased in concrete or embedded in concrete, at this stage of construction. Sometimes it is another terminal section which is accessible and not coated or embedded in concrete.

Fresh concrete is poured into the inter-banche space by gravity (limiting the drop height) and, in a particular embodiment, it is vibrated in successive layers according to the rules of the art, for an appropriate period so that its components s properly organized, that the concrete is compacted as required, that the space between panels is filled with concrete in an optimal manner, and that the air contained in the concrete is evacuated, all this contributing to the quality of the hardened concrete. To this end, it is known, in one embodiment, to implement vibration means providing either an internal vibration to the concrete, the vibration means (such as vibrating needles or pervibrators) acting within the poured concrete itself or, in some cases, an external vibration. In another embodiment, a self-compacting concrete is used, which makes it possible to overcome the vibration.

The setting and hardening of the concrete depends on the temperature of the fresh concrete and the climatic conditions, in particular the ambient temperature. Setting and hardening occur earlier and are faster with high ambient temperatures and they occur later and are slower with low ambient temperatures. This is why the standards stipulate that concreting should only be carried out when the ambient temperature is between -5°C and +40°C, an ambient temperature within the range +5°C /+32°C being preferable. When the ambient temperature is towards the extreme limits, concreting can, if necessary, be envisaged, in particular by adapting the formulation of the concrete.

The stripping of the shuttered reinforced concrete wall produced can only take place when its strength is sufficient, which is conditioned by a number of factors, in particular but not limited to, the formulation of the concrete, the nature and characteristics of the wall, the desired facing , Room temperature. In average climatic conditions where the ambient temperature is between 10°C and 25°C, stripping can take place, depending on the circumstances, most often between about 12 hours and 24 hours after the pouring of the concrete, its guaranteed compaction, or after a longer period.

Depending on the applications envisaged and the expected requirements, the facings of the wall have a quality which may be of an elementary level, or else ordinary, or ordinary or well-kept, within the meaning of the NF DTU 21 standard already mentioned. The field of application of the invention is to obtain a facing ranging from current to neat (which can do more and can also do less).

It has been indicated that it is highly recommended, not to say essential, to provide, before the actual formwork stripping operation, an operation to facilitate it, in order to mitigate the risk of the concrete adhering to the shuttering face, to facilitate the separation of the shuttering form and the shuttered reinforced concrete wall, and to protect the shuttering face of the shuttering as well as possible.

According to standard practice (see the document entitled "Concrete mold release products", from the Technical Aide-Mémoire ED 6017 of the National Institute for Research and Safety - INRS -, dated July 2007), this operation facilitating formwork is based on the principle of applying a mold release agent (or formwork release material) to the formwork face. This operation takes place before the pouring of concrete in the formwork space (in particular the inter-panel space) and consists of cleaning the formwork face of the form(s) and applying a release agent to it, in particular such as oil. This practice has a number of drawbacks in terms of productivity, cost and risks, particularly for the people who implement it and for the environment. In addition, it can lead to the inadvertent depositing or spraying of mold release agent on the framework, which is detrimental.

The document FR 2948711 teaches an operation to facilitate stripping based on another principle, namely electrical polarization of the concrete (which could also be called "electro-osmosis"), making it possible to dispense with release agent, in the case of an electrically conductive shuttering face. This operation mainly takes place after the pouring of a concrete capable of electrical polarization in the inter-banche space, its compaction ensured, and when the metal reinforcement has been placed in the inter-banche space. We proceed as follows when we have a pair of panels facing each other:

- there is a source of electrical energy having an anode and a cathode, an electrical connection means for the shuttering face and an electrical connection means for the reinforcement,

- the electrical energy source, the electrical connection means for the formwork face and the electrical connection means for the armature are electrically associated, so that the formwork faces are connected to the cathode and the armature is connected to the anode the source of electrical energy,

- an electrical potential difference of polarization ΔV is applied between the shuttering faces and the reinforcement.

Thus, an electric potential difference (and therefore an electric field) is applied between the shuttering faces of the formwork and the reinforcement, all electrically conductive, and therefore in the poured concrete itself, so as to obtain on each formwork face a non-stick separation, comprising water, between the formwork face and the external face of the concrete wall (facing) which, once the concrete has sufficiently hardened, facilitates the stripping operation itself. By "concrete suitable for electrical polarization" is meant a concrete which has a formulation, and is under conditions, such as the application of an electrical potential difference between the shuttering faces of the formwork and the reinforcement, in appropriate conditions, has the effect that the water contained in the concrete migrates on each formwork face, which ultimately facilitates stripping. This principle of electrical polarization of concrete is subsequently sometimes designated, by ellipse, electrical polarization or polarization.

The field of application of the invention is stripping with electrical polarization.

Such are the field and the context of the invention.

The problem at the root of the invention is to produce a reinforced concrete wall shuttered with formwork stripping with electric polarization by means of an electric polarization device suitable for being mounted on a form or a pair of forms, in particular standard.

Below is a description of the invention.

According to a first aspect, the subject of the invention is an electrical polarization device facilitating the stripping of a formwork reinforced concrete wall from the electrically conductive formwork face of a formwork forming part of a formwork delimiting a formwork space , while a metal reinforcement has been placed in the casing space and selected current concrete capable of electrical polarization has been poured into the casing space and its compaction ensured, comprising a source of electrical energy having an anode and a cathode, an electrical connection means for a shuttering face comprising a conduction means for a shuttering face and a connector means for a shuttering face and an electrical connection means for an armature, such that the shuttering face is connected to the cathode and that the armature is connected to the anode, so as to be able to apply a polarization electric potential difference ΔV between the shuttering face and the armature, characterized in that the polarization device comprises a removable mechanical or magnetic fixing means of the connector means for shuttering face to the formwork itself.

According to one embodiment, the shuttering face connector means is fixed directly to the shuttering face itself or to the framework of the electrically conductive formwork in electrical connection with the shuttering face.

According to one embodiment, the device comprises means for removable attachment of part of its constituent means to the form itself, in particular the source of electrical energy, such as jaws enclosing the form on either side of the side its formwork face and the opposite side of its framework.

According to one embodiment, the device comprises means for removable fixing of a part of its constituent means to the form itself, in particular the source of electrical energy, such as an elongated means with a support on the formwork face of the form and a second support on a second formwork face arranged opposite.

According to one embodiment, the device comprises means for removable fixing of a part of its constituent means to the formwork itself, in particular the source of electrical energy, such as an elongated means taking with a support on the frame of the formwork on the opposite side of its formwork face and a second support opposite.

According to one embodiment, the removable mechanical or magnetic fixing means of the connector means for the shuttering face to the formwork itself and the removable fixing means of part of its constituent means to the formwork itself, in particular the source of electrical energy, are at least partly common or structurally associated with each other.

According to one embodiment, the means for removable attachment of the connector means for the shuttering face and/or the means for removable attachment of part of the means constituting the electrical polarization device to the formwork itself, in particular the source of electrical energy , includes a support and holding pad.

According to one embodiment, the mechanical means for removable mechanical fixing of the connector means for the shuttering face and/or the mechanical means for removable fixing of a part of the constituent means of the electrical polarization device to the formwork itself, in particular the source of electrical energy, comprises deformable means, capable of being manipulated and deformed by a user, structurally associated with said removable mechanical fastening means, so as to be able to move said removable mechanical fastening means between an assembly or disassembly configuration with respect to the formwork and a fixing configuration on the formwork, with application of a holding application force.

According to one embodiment, said deformable means is a spring, such as a coil spring, a toggle or cam or worm and nut system, a piston.

According to one embodiment, the electrical connection means for the shuttering face and the electrical connection means for the reinforcement are associated with each other, at least in part.

According to one embodiment, the electrical polarization device is functionally associated with a polarization control device.

According to one embodiment, the polarization control device is either structurally associated with the polarization device itself or is structurally separate from the polarization device itself.

According to the embodiments, the polarization control device is functionally associated with the polarization device itself by a wired link, a Bluetooth link, a radio link, a telephone link.

According to an embodiment where selected current concrete suitable for electrical polarization is spoiled at time T0, and has been poured into the formwork space and its compaction ensured at time T1, the control device comprises:

- a means providing, for the chosen concrete, the duration ΔTa between the moment T0 of the mix and the theoretical moment T2 of the beginning of the setting of the concrete,

- a means of controlling the start of the application of the potential difference ΔV, at a moment T3 which follows the moment T1 with a delay ΔTc equal to (T0 – T1) + (ΔTa – ΔTb), in which ΔTb is a duration of anticipation of the start of concrete setting.

According to one embodiment, the control device comprises:

- a means of supplying data ΔTa / Ture, such as an abacus, which for the chosen concrete, gives the duration ΔTa as a function of the ambient temperature Ture, associated with the means for controlling the start of the application of the potential difference ΔV , and or

- a means of supplying data ΔV / Ture, such as an abacus, which for the concrete chosen, gives the potential difference ΔV to be applied as a function of the ambient temperature Ture, associated with the means for controlling the start of the application of the potential difference ΔV,

- And a means of determining the ambient temperature Ture.

According to a second aspect, the subject of the invention is an assembly comprising at least one formwork, and in particular two formwork facing each other, each having an electrically conductive shuttering face and an electrical polarization device as described.

According to one embodiment, the formwork intrinsically comprises a support means for part of the constituent means of the electrical polarization device, such as its upper edge or a work platform.

According to one embodiment, a means for removable attachment of part of the constituent means of the electrical polarization device to the form itself, in particular the source of electrical energy, is presented as jaws enclosing the form on both sides. another on the side of its formwork face and on the opposite side of its frame.

According to one embodiment, a means for removable fixing of a part of the means constituting the electrical polarization device to the formwork itself, in particular the source of electrical energy, is presented as an elongated means with a support on the formwork face of the formwork and a second support facing each other, in particular the second formwork face of a second formwork facing each other.

According to one embodiment, a means for removable fixing of a part of the means constituting the electrical polarization device to the formwork itself, in particular the source of electrical energy, is presented as an elongated means with a support on the framework of the formwork, on the side opposite its formwork face and a second support opposite, in particular the second framework of a second formwork facing.

According to one embodiment, the formwork is standard and not altered by the polarization device, its formwork face not being adversely affected for the polarization.

The figures of the drawings will now be briefly described.

Figure 1 is a schematic side view illustrating a system for producing a shuttered reinforced concrete wall that can be stripped with electric polarization, comprising a formwork with a single form, and a polarization device which includes a means of removable fixing of the connector means for shuttering face to the frame of the formwork, conductive of electricity and in electrical connection with the shuttering face, while a polarization control device, structurally separate from the polarization device itself, and manipulable by an operator, is functionally associated with it by a Bluetooth link.

Figure 2 is a schematic side view illustrating a system for producing a shuttered reinforced concrete wall that can be stripped with electric polarization, comprising a formwork with a single shuttering, and a polarization device which comprises a removable fixing means of the connector means for shuttering face to the shuttering face itself, while part of the means constituting the polarization control device is carried by a working device associated with the formwork, such as a platform.

Figure 3 is a schematic side view illustrating a system for producing a shuttered reinforced concrete wall that can be stripped with electric polarization, comprising a formwork with a single shutter, and a polarization device which includes a removable fastening means of part of its constituent means to the form itself, such as jaws enclosing the form on either side, while a polarization control device, structurally separate from the polarization device itself, and manipulable by an operator, is functionally associated with it by a radio or telephone link.

Figure 4 is a schematic side view illustrating a system for producing a shuttered reinforced concrete wall that can be stripped with electrical polarization, comprising a formwork with two face-to-face formwork, and a polarization device which includes a combined removable fastening means of the connector means for the formwork face to the two formwork faces and of part of its constituent means to the two formwork panels themselves, such as an extension means arranged between the formwork faces.

Figure 5 is a schematic side view illustrating a system for producing a shuttered reinforced concrete wall that can be stripped with electric polarization, comprising a formwork with two face-to-face formwork, and a polarization device which includes a combined removable fastening means of the connector means for the shuttering face to the two shuttering faces and a part of its constituent means to the two formwork panels themselves, like jaws enclosing the two formwork panels on either side.

Figure 6 is a schematic side view illustrating a system for producing a shuttered reinforced concrete wall that can be stripped with electric polarization, comprising a formwork with two face-to-face formwork, and a polarization device, which comprises a combined means of removable attachment of the connector means for the shuttering face to the two shuttering faces and of the connector for the reinforcement to the reinforcement, and of part of its constituent means to the two formwork panels themselves, such as an extension means disposed between the formwork faces.

Figure 7 schematically illustrates an abacus, which for the chosen concrete, gives the duration ΔTa as a function of the ambient temperature Ture.

Figure 8 schematically illustrates an abacus, which for the chosen concrete, gives the potential difference ΔV to be applied as a function of the ambient temperature Ture,

FIG. 9 illustrates a representative timing diagram of the bias control.

Below is a detailed description of embodiments of the invention and of various embodiments, accompanied by examples and references to the drawings.

The invention aims to produce a reinforced concrete wall shuttered P and relates more particularly to the stripping of such a wall P with electric polarization to facilitate stripping. The invention falls within the context presented in the introductory part. The discussion below is made in particular with reference to the particular case where the wall P, having two opposite facings p, is produced by means of a pair of formwork 1, 1a, 1b (the reference 1 designating a formwork in general ), coupled opposite each other, defining a formwork space with 2 inter-panels, if necessary using one or more end pieces (not shown) capable of closing the inter-panel space 2 transversely, and/or an under-rise arranged below and / or a riser arranged above, and / or several pairs of form panels 1, 1a, 1b associated side by side. Such a riser, riser or side formwork is nothing other than a formwork 1 as a formwork element for a concrete wall P, essentially comprising a frame 5 and a formwork face 6 which is a face of a formwork structure. The invention is not limited to the case of two form panels 1, 1a, 1b, but relates to cases where there is a single form form 1, or more than two form forms 1, or two form forms 1 which are not arranged opposite each other. -to-vis spaced from each other.

Typically a formwork 1 also includes additional equipment, such as in particular devices for holding, adjusting, stabilizing, gripping, working such as a first platform allowing an operator to be in the upper part of the formwork, access in particular by upper part, protection, etc., as well as locks, projections, notches, etc. enabling formwork 1 to be combined with a sub-rise, a riser, a formwork next to it. The frame 5 may comprise a wall and stiffening parts such as Ω reinforcements or the like.

The terms and expressions used in the presentation below must be understood as presented in the introductory part, in particular with regard to: "wall in shuttered reinforced concrete" or by ellipse "wall" or "concrete wall" , "formwork", "formwork space", "formwork", "pair of formwork" which should be understood as meaning "two formwork forms coupled opposite each other, defining a formwork space between formwork", "space between formwork", "face coffrante" which should be understood as meaning "forming face of a formwork" and "forming face of a formwork structure", "forming structure" which should be understood as meaning a wall, a coating, or the like having a formwork face, "framework" which should be understood as meaning "framework of a formwork", "reinforcement" which should be understood as meaning "reinforcement for or of a reinforced concrete wall", "stripping", "facing", "mixing" , "compaction", "concrete setting", "beginning of concrete setting", "stripping facilitation operation", "release agent", "electrical polarization of concrete" or by ellipsis "electrical polarization" or "polarization ". "Associated", applied to means, must be understood as meaning that they are united, or joined, or allied, or interdependent, under a structural and/or functional angle, and that they act or have an impact of a on the other. With particular regard to electrical means, such as connection means, or conduction means, or connector means, "electrically associated" (or by ellipsis "associated") shall be understood to mean that these means are joined together, or joined, or connected, so that electrical continuity between them is assured, with minimum resistance. "Integrated", applied to means, should be understood as meaning that they at least partially incorporate each other, so as to form a coherent whole. "Dissociated", applied to means, must be understood as the antonym of integrated and therefore means that the means in question are separate. "Structurally" or its variations, applied to one or more means, must be understood as referring to the form, or the constitution, or the layout, or the arrangement, or the organization, or the manner of which it is or are made, or of which they are arranged together, of this or these means, whereas "functionally" or its variations, must be understood as relating to a function, that is to say a role performed by the means or means in question, or the operations which it performs or which they perform, or is or are intended to perform, to the effect produced by the role played. "Suitable" should be understood to mean being fit or fit for a given purpose. "Have available", in the context of a process, must be understood as meaning to have, to have available, to obtain, to receive, to possess, to use, Unless this is not necessary or proves to be excluded, the term "a" or "an" shall be understood as meaning "at least one" or "at least one". The expression "current concrete chosen suitable for electrical polarization" or any analogous expression must be understood as meaning that the constituent concrete of the concrete wall and which is implemented by the processes and devices described, is, at the same time , a common concrete, in the sense understood by those skilled in the art, a concrete chosen in its formulation and its characteristics according to the properties required in the fresh state and in the hardened state, the specificities of the wall to be produced, the conditions for its production and implementation, the intended application and the expected requirements, and finally a concrete capable of electrical polarization in the sense that the application of an electrical potential difference between the shuttering faces 6 of the formwork 1 and the reinforcement 8, under appropriate conditions, has the effect that the water contained in the concrete migrates on each shuttering face 6 which ultimately facilitates stripping.

Depending on the embodiments, the reinforcement 8 is in the form of bars, lattices or cages. Such a reinforcement 8, is arranged and maintained within the interbanche space 2 longitudinally and transversely and generally comprises one or more protruding and emerging parts not intended to be embedded in the concrete.

The process for producing a formworked reinforced concrete wall P with electric polarization is such that:

- there is available a formwork delimiting a formwork space 2 and comprising the two formwork panels 1, 1a, 1b each having a formwork face 6 conductive of electricity.

- we have available current concrete chosen suitable for electrical polarization.

- then, a metal reinforcement 8 is placed in the formwork space 2, so that it is electrically insulated from the formwork faces 6.

- moreover, concrete has been prepared, spoiled at time T0, and the formwork space 2 is filled with this concrete, its compaction, in particular the end of it, being ensured, at time T1.

- then, at the appropriate time and manner, the concrete is electrically polarized, by applying an electric potential difference ΔV between the shuttering faces 6 of the two formwork panels 1, 1a, 1b forming the cathode + and the reinforcement 8 forming the anode - , by a polarization method and with a polarization device 9, by means of a control method and a control device 10 of the electric polarization. Thus, an electric field is thus applied between the formwork faces 6 of the two formwork panels 1, 1a, 1b and the reinforcement 8, all electrically conductive, and therefore in the poured concrete itself, so as to obtain on each formwork face 6 a non-stick separation, comprising water, between the formwork face 6 and the facing of the wall P which, once the concrete has hardened sufficiently, facilitates the stripping operation itself.

- and, finally, from the end of the application of the potential difference ΔV, the formwork forms 1 are separated from the shuttered reinforced concrete wall P, the latter then being stripped (see figure 46).

Thus, it is not necessary to provide for the application of a form release agent on each formwork face 6 of the formwork panels 1, 1a, 1b, and there are no means provided for applying such a release agent. formwork release and finally the formwork face 6 is devoid of formwork release agent, or substantially devoid of such a formwork release agent of which traces may inadvertently and unintentionally remain.

A system for making a wall P in shuttered reinforced concrete with electrical polarization is arranged so as to implement this process. He understands :

- a formwork delimiting a formwork space 2 and comprising a formwork 1 having an electrically conductive formwork face 6, capable of placing a metal reinforcement 8 therein and receiving selected current concrete suitable for electrical polarization.

- an electrical polarization device 9 facilitating formwork stripping capable of being controlled, electrically associated with the shuttering face 6 of each form panel 1 and with the reinforcement 8, when this is functionally necessary.

- And means capable of separating the formwork 1 from the wall P in shuttered reinforced concrete, the latter then being stripped.

According to the embodiments, the formwork 1 can be standard, in the sense that it is of the type currently existing on the market and is stripped by applying a formwork release agent to the formwork face 6.

Thus, the invention relates to a method for stripping a shuttering reinforced concrete wall P and the formwork faces 6 of a pair of shutterings 1, 1a, 1b which includes an electrical polarization facilitating the stripping, without the need to resort to a release agent.

As regards the polarization process, to facilitate the stripping of a reinforced concrete wall P shuttered formwork faces 6 of a pair of formwork 1, 1a, 1b, while a metal frame 8 has been placed in the interbanche space 2 and that current concrete chosen suitable for electrical polarization, previously spoiled at a time T0, has been poured into the formwork space 2 and its compaction assured, at a time T1, one proceeds as follows:

- there is a source of electrical energy 11 having an anode - and a cathode +, an electrical connection means for the shuttering face 12 and an electrical connection means for the reinforcement 13,

- in view of the electrical polarization, the source of electrical energy 11 is electrically associated, the electrical connection means for the formwork face 12 and the electrical connection means for the armature 13, so that the formwork faces 6 are connected to the cathode + and that the armature 8 is connected to the anode - of the source of electrical energy 11,

- then, at the appropriate time and in an appropriate manner, and subject to a command to this end, a difference in electrical polarization potential ΔV is applied between the shuttering face 6 and the reinforcement 8.

An electric field is thus applied between the shuttering faces 6 of the formwork panels 1 and the reinforcement 8, all electrically conductive and mutually electrically insulated, and therefore in the poured concrete itself, so as to obtain on each shuttering face 6 a non-stick separation, comprising water, between the shuttering face 6 and the outer face of the concrete wall (facing p) which, once the concrete has sufficiently hardened, facilitates the stripping operation itself.

The potential difference ΔV is chosen appropriate to the polarization. For example, it is between 0.2 Volt and 12 Volts, more particularly between 0.5 Volt and 6 Volts, more particularly between 1 Volt and 3 Volts.

Depending on the embodiments, ΔV is a value that is either fixed or adjustable, the electrical polarization process then comprising an operation for adjusting ΔV, in particular as a function of the ambient temperature Ture in which the wall P is produced.

As regards the polarization device 9, to implement the polarization method, it comprises the electrical energy source 11 having an anode - and a cathode +, an electrical connection means for the shuttering face 12 comprising a means of conduction for shuttering face 12a and a connector means for shuttering face 12b, and an electrical connection means for frame 8 comprising a conduction means for frame 13a and a connector means for frame 13b, so that the shuttering face 6 is electrically connected to the cathode + and that the armature 8 is electrically connected to the anode -, so as to be able to apply a difference in electric potential of polarization ΔV between the shuttering face 6 and the armature 8. To this polarization device 9, is associated with a polarization control device 10. According to the embodiments, the polarization device 9 and the polarization control device 10 are either integrated at least in part or structurally separated.

The embodiments envisaged and the characteristics described apply both to the biasing method and to the biasing device 9, the latter implementing the latter.

The electrical energy source 11 having an anode - and a cathode + (direct current) comprises, depending on the embodiment, a single battery or several batteries suitable for delivering direct current or else an alternating current source associated with an alternating current converter- direct current.

An electrical connection means is suitable and intended to ensure an electrical connection between the means located on either side. Thus, an electrical connection means for the shuttering face 12 is suitable and intended to ensure an electrical connection of a terminal of the electrical energy source 11 (in this case the cathode +) with a shuttering face 6, while an electrical connection means for armature 8 is suitable and intended to ensure an electrical connection of another terminal of the source of electrical energy 11 (in this case the anode -) with an armature 8.

An electrical connection means 12, 13 typically and in general comprises an electrical conduction means 12a, 13a (or per ellipse conduction means) and an electrical connector means 12b, 13b (or per ellipse connector means). "Means of conduction", should be understood as a member made of an electrically conductive material, if necessary provided with electrical insulation, which in the context of the invention is rather extended, like an electric wire, so to be able to participate in a distal electrical connection. "Middle connector", must be understood as a member made of an electrically conductive material, where appropriate provided with electrical insulation, which in the context of the invention is localized and not very extensive, such as a contact or a terminal electrical, so that it can participate in a proximal electrical connection. Thus, there is provided an electrical connection means for the formwork face 12 comprising a conduction means for the formwork face 12a and a connector means for the formwork face 12b, and an electrical connection means for the frame 8 comprising a conduction means for the frame 13a and an armature connector means 13b. Depending on the embodiments, the conduction means and the connector means of the same electrical connection means are more or less integrated with each other and depending on the embodiments, the electrical connection means for the shuttering face 12 and the electrical connection for armature 8 are either structurally separate from each other or at least partly structurally integrated with each other.

The electrical polarization process is such that:

- the armature connector means 13b is electrically associated with the armature 8 itself, beyond any surface layer of scale, oxidation, passivation or corrosion of the armature 8 affecting its electrical conduction with the medium armature electrical connector 8.

- the formwork face connector means 12a is electrically associated with the formwork face 6, so that the electrical conduction between the formwork face connector means 12a and the formwork face 6 is not adversely affected for the polarization.

Several methods can be envisaged for electrically associating the armature connector means 13b with the armature 8 itself, beyond any surface layer affecting its electrical conduction. In one possible embodiment, the armature 8 is pretreated, at least in the area of electrical connection with the armature connector means 13b, said treatment preventing or limiting the occurrence or development of a surface layer affecting the electrical conduction of the armature 8. In another possible embodiment, a means of protection of the armature 8, removable, is put in place beforehand in the area of electrical connection with the armature connector means 13b, said protection means preventing or limiting the occurrence or development of a surface layer 4 affecting electrical conduction and removing or piercing said protective means, to ensure the electrical connection. In another possible embodiment, a higher potential difference – in particular significantly higher – than the difference of polarization potential ΔV, to crack the problematic layer and ensure the electrical connection. In another possible embodiment, a specially arranged armature connector means 13b is arranged and implemented so that when it is associated with the armature 8, it passes through the surface layer affecting the electrical conduction of the steel of the armature 8, such as an armature connector means 13b having teeth in the manner of a serrated clamp.

The polarization method and the polarization device 9 which implements it can be the subject of different embodiments, as regards the electrical association with each formwork face 6.

Thus, according to one embodiment, the shuttering face connector means 12a can be electrically associated directly with the shuttering face 6 itself on the shuttering side.

In the case where there is a pair of forms 1, 1a, 1b, the two shuttering faces 6 are connected to the cathode + of the same source of electrical energy 11, either in parallel or in series, for example directly to the first shuttering face 6 of the first form 1 and indirectly, via the first shuttering face 6 and with a connection device, to the second shuttering face 6 of the second shuttering 1. Or, the two shuttering faces 6 are connected to the cathodes + two sources of electrical energy.

In one embodiment, the formwork face connector means 12a is in electrical connection with the formwork face 6 or the formwork structure indirectly via the metal frame 5 of the formwork 1 in electrical communication with the formwork face 6.

According to one embodiment, the electrical association between the formwork face connector means 12a and the formwork face 6 itself or its formwork structure or the framework 5, does not affect or does not substantially affect the surface condition of the formwork face 6 for its part in contact with the concrete of the concrete wall. In doing so, the facing of the concrete wall P is not affected by the formwork face connector means 12a.

For reasons in particular of safety and good electrical distribution, according to one possible embodiment, the electrical connection is ensured at least twice with the shuttering face 6 and/or at least twice with the reinforcement 8. In particular, the electrical connection with the shuttering face 6 and/or with the reinforcement 8 is made in respectively distant locations.

The polarization method is associated with a polarization control method, and similarly, the polarization device 9 is functionally associated with a polarization control device 10 able and intended to implement the polarization control method. polarization.

The embodiments envisaged and the characteristics described apply both to the bias control method and to the bias control device 10, the latter implementing the latter.

In one possible embodiment and with reference to Figure 9, this is, both for the method and for the device:

- to have, for the chosen concrete, the duration ΔTa between the moment T0 of the mix and the theoretical moment T2 of the beginning of the setting of the concrete,

- and to control the start of the application of the electric polarization potential difference ΔV at a moment T3 which follows the moment T1 with a delay ΔTc equal to (T0 – T1) + (ΔTa – ΔTb), in which ΔTb is a period of anticipation of the start of concrete setting.

Having, for the chosen concrete, the duration ΔTa between the moment T0 of the mix and the theoretical moment T2 of the beginning of the setting of the concrete, is known or within the reach of those skilled in the art. This information ΔTa can be provided in particular by the manufacturer of the concrete.

"Moment" should be understood as meaning a given instant and "delay" as meaning a given interval of time. However, with regard to processes and devices implemented not in the laboratory but on a construction site, in more or less rustic conditions, there may be for the moments T0, T1, T2 or the delay ΔTa, an approximation in fact more or less important, these values or some of them possibly being only approximate or comprising a greater or lesser margin of uncertainty or error, for example being able to reach of the order of several tens of minutes for a moment and of the order of +/- 10% for a duration or ΔV. Such deviations are also valid for the other numerical parameters and are given by way of illustration. It goes without saying that the greater the precision of the moments, delays, and other parameters, the greater the precision of the polarization and its quality, i.e. its effectiveness in facilitating stripping.

In the particular embodiment described, it is a question of controlling the start of the application of the difference in electric polarization potential before the start of the setting of the concrete and this, with reference to the moment of the mixing of the concrete.

T0 is the effective time marked for the batch or the estimated or provided time for the batch. By effective moment identified for the batch, we mean the moment when the batch occurred, which implies that this moment has been identified in one way or another. By estimated time, we mean a time that is not necessarily the actual and identified time of the batch, but the time that has been estimated approximately, by reference to certain relevant data. By moment provided, we mean a moment which is not necessarily that, effective and identified, of the waste but the moment which has been provided or which has been obtained in one way or another.

According to the possible embodiments, on the one hand, ΔTb is chosen between 0 and 145 minutes, more particularly between 15 minutes and 60 minutes, more especially between 15 minutes and 25 minutes.

According to the possible realizations, on the other hand, ΔTb is a value which is either fixed or is adjustable. In the latter case, the control method then includes an operation for adjusting ΔTb.

In one embodiment and with reference to Figure 7, it is, both for the method and for the device:

- to have a means of providing ΔTa / Ture data, such as an abacus, which for the concrete chosen, gives the duration ΔTa according to the ambient temperature Ture,

- to determine the ambient temperature Ture,

- and to determine the duration ΔTa from the data supply means ΔTa / Ture.

In one embodiment and with reference to Figure 8, this is, both for the method and for the device:

- to have a means of providing ΔV / Ture data, such as an abacus, which for the concrete chosen, gives the potential difference ΔV to be applied according to the ambient temperature Ture,

- to determine the ambient temperature Ture,

- and to determine the potential difference ΔV to be applied from the data supply means ΔV/Ture.

This or these embodiments make it possible to take into account the parameter which is the ambient temperature, which the person skilled in the art knows has an impact on the setting of the concrete, and in particular the start of setting. In doing so, the polarization is itself adapted to the ambient temperature Ture.

Having, for the chosen concrete, the duration ΔTa between the moment T0 of the mix and the theoretical moment T2 of the beginning of the setting of the concrete, is known or within the reach of those skilled in the art. This information ΔTa can be provided in particular by the manufacturer of the concrete. The same applies to the means of supplying data ΔV / Ture.

The data supply means ΔTa / Ture and the data supply means ΔV / Ture must be understood as a means which, for the chosen concrete, gives respectively the duration ΔTa and the potential difference ΔV to be applied as a function of the temperature Ture ambient. Such means ΔTa/Ture and ΔV/Ture can have different embodiments. In a particular embodiment, the means ΔTa / Ture and ΔV / Ture are graphic tables such as charts or nomograms, specially established or available which give for a chosen concrete, on the abscissa or on the ordinate the ambient temperature Ture and on the ordinate or on the abscise, the duration ΔTa and ΔV, respectively. In another particular embodiment, the ΔTa/Ture and ΔV/Ture means are electronic and can be associated with a programmable or programmed automaton, or else take the form of an information medium functionally associated with the control device. 10. In another particular embodiment, the means ΔTa/Ture and ΔV/Ture are virtual and accessible by a dedicated Internet application, or an Internet site, or via the Cloud. In another particular embodiment, the means ΔTa / Ture and ΔV / Ture are part of the knowledge that the operator possesses.

In the context of the invention, ΔTa and ΔV are given relative to the ambient temperature Ture by the data supply means ΔTa / Ture and ΔV / Ture which have just been described, which make it possible to identify ΔTa and ΔV, once the Ture ambient temperature known. Within the scope of the invention, the case where ΔTa and ΔV have been evaluated by reference to the ambient temperature Ture and the case where ΔTa and ΔV have been provided or have been obtained in one way or another.

According to the embodiments, the means ΔTa / Ture and ΔV / Ture give, for a given temperature, a single value of ΔTa and ΔV, respectively, or else, as illustrated by FIGS. 7 and 8, give a range of values framing a value median, which corresponds to the number of industrial process charts.

The ambient temperature Ture taken into account with regard to the means of supplying data ΔTa / Ture and/or the means of supplying data ΔV / Ture, is the actual measured ambient temperature or the estimated or supplied ambient temperature. By real ambient temperature identified, we mean the ambient temperature of the realization of the wall, which implies that this temperature has been identified in one way or another. By estimated temperature, we mean a temperature which is not necessarily the real and identified one, but the one which has been evaluated approximately, by reference to certain relevant data. Provided temperature means a temperature that has been provided or obtained in some way, for example by a weather station or an Internet application.

It is understood that the constructive arrangements described lend themselves to automation, the operator on the site not having to carry out measurements, calculations, etc.

According to the embodiments, the moment T1 is detected either automatically or non-automatically. Automatic detection can be ensured with, for example, a means associated with the casing space 2, such as for example a detector of the presence and level of concrete in the interframe space 2. Non-automatic detection can be ensured, by example, by the operator on the site who monitors the filling and the compaction of the concrete in the interlayer space 2 and gives a signal or activates a command at time T1.

With an automatic detection of T1, an automatic control of the start of the application of the potential difference ΔV at the moment T3 = T1 + ΔTc is made possible.

The polarization control can also concern the end of the application of the potential difference ΔV. This occurs at the appropriate moment T4 which follows the moment T3 by means of a bias delay ΔTd. For example, ΔTd is chosen between 10 minutes and 60 minutes, more particularly between 5 minutes and 30 minutes, more especially between 10 minutes and 20 minutes, these values being only indicative.

In one embodiment, ΔTd is a fixed value.

In another embodiment, ΔTd is an adjustable value and the control method then includes an operation for adjusting ΔTd. In particular, the adjustment of ΔTd is a function of the ambient temperature Ture, so that, all other things being equal and relative to an average ambient temperature, ΔTd is reduced if the ambient temperature Ture is greater than the average and ΔTd is increased if the ambient temperature Ture is smaller than the average. If necessary, a means of supplying ΔTad/Ture data may be provided, such as an abacus, in the sense that this was previously explained for the means ΔTa/Ture and ΔV/Ture.

Provision may also be made, in one embodiment, to secure and control the control of the polarization - and, in the event of a malfunction indication, to inform, alert, or stop the polarization.

Typically, security and control include the following:

- verification of the absence of an electrical short-circuit, or galvanic isolation, between the reinforcement 8 and the formwork faces 6, the reinforcement 8 being originally placed in the space between panels 2 without electrical communication with their formwork faces 6,

- verification of the presence of concrete in the formwork space 2, in particular the presence of concrete at the desired level,

- verification of the non-exceeding of an upper threshold and/or a lower threshold of ambient temperature Ture,

- verification that ΔTc has a positive value,

It may also be provided, in one embodiment,

- at least one data or parameter storage operation from among the chosen concrete, T0, T1, T2, T3, T4, ΔTa, ΔTb, ΔTc, ΔTd, ΔV, Ture, and/or malfunction indication,

- and/or at least one data transmission or communication operation, parameter, malfunction indication,

- and/or at least one data printing operation, parameter, malfunction indication.

In one embodiment, the polarization, including its control, may concern one or more standard forms 1, in the sense that this has been defined, which makes the invention versatile in that it can be used with any standard form.

Reference is made more specifically to FIG. 1 which illustrates an embodiment with a single form 1, and a biasing device 9 which comprises a removable mechanical or magnetic fixing means of the connector means for shuttering face 12b to the framework 5 of the form. 1, conductive of electricity and in electrical connection with the shuttering face 6. In this embodiment, part of the means constituting the polarization device 9, in particular the source of electrical energy 11, is arranged on the ground next to the Formwork 1. There is also provided a polarization control device 10, structurally separate from the polarization device 9 itself, and manipulable by an operator, who is functionally associated with the polarization device 9 by a Bluetooth connection.

Reference is made more specifically to FIG. 2 which illustrates an embodiment with a single formwork 1, and a biasing device 9 which comprises a means for removable fixing of the connector means for the shuttering face 12b to the shuttering face 6 itself, while part of the constituent means of the polarization control device 10, in particular the electric power source 11, is carried by a working device associated with the formwork 1, such as a platform 11e.

Reference is made more specifically to FIG. 3 which illustrates an embodiment with a single formwork 1, and a polarization device 9 which comprises a removable fixing means for part of the constituent means of the polarization device 9, in particular the source of electrical energy 11, to the formwork 1 itself like jaws enclosing the formwork 1 on either side. In this embodiment, it is provided that a polarization control device 10 is structurally separate from the polarization device 9 itself, and can be manipulated by an operator, this control device 10 being functionally associated with the polarization device 9 by a radio or telephone link.

Reference is made more specifically to FIG. 4 which illustrates an embodiment with two formwork panels 1, 1a, 1b facing each other, and a polarization device 9 which comprises a combined removable fixing means of the connector means for shuttering face 12b to the two shuttering faces 6, and part of the constituent means of the biasing device 9, in particular the source of electrical energy 11, to the two form panels 1, 1a, 1b themselves. It may be an extension means 17 arranged between the two formwork faces 6.

Reference is made more specifically to FIG. 5 which also illustrates an embodiment with two formwork panels 1, 1a, 1b facing each other, and a polarization device 9 which comprises a combined removable fixing means of the connector means for shuttering face 12b to the two shuttering faces 6 and of part of the means constituting the polarization device 9, in particular the source of electrical energy 11, to the two form panels 1, 1a, 1b themselves, like jaws enclosing the two form panels 1, 1a, 1b on either side, from the outside, by the frames 5.

Reference is made more specifically to FIG. 6 which also illustrates an embodiment with two formwork panels 1, 1a, 1b facing each other, and a polarization device 9, which comprises a combined removable fixing means of the connector means for shuttering face 12b to the two shuttering faces 6 and from the connector for the reinforcement to the reinforcement 13b, and from part of the means constituting the polarization device 9, in particular the source of electrical energy 11, to the two form panels 1, 1a, 1b they -same, as an extension means 16 arranged between the two shuttering faces 6.

Thus, in these embodiments, the polarization device 9 comprises a mechanical or magnetic removable fixing means of the connector means for the shuttering face 12a to the formwork 1 itself either directly to the shuttering face 6 itself or to its conductive framework 5 electricity in electrical connection with the shuttering face 6

The means for removable attachment of a part of the constituent means of the polarization device 9, in particular the source of electrical energy 11, to a form 1 can be presented quite specifically as jaws enclosing this form 1 on either side (Figure 3), or as an elongated means with a support on the formwork face 6 of the formwork 1 and a second support on a second formwork face 6 arranged opposite, as an extension means with a second support vis-à-vis which can be the second formwork face 6 of a second formwork 1 (FIGS. 4 and 6), or even as jaws enclosing two formwork 1s 1, 1a, 1b from the outside, by the framework 5s 5 (figure 5).

In the embodiments shown in Figures 3 to 6, the removable fixing means of the connector means for shuttering face 12a and the removable fixing means of part of the means constituting the polarization device 9 are at least partly common or structurally associated to one another.

For example, the removable fixing means of the connector means for formwork face 12a and/or the removable fixing means of part of the constituent means of the electric polarization device 9 can comprise a support and holding pad.

It can be provided, associated with the mechanical means of removable mechanical fixing of the connector means for shuttering face 12a and / or the mechanical means of removable fixing of a part of the constituent means of the electric polarization device 9 a deformable means, such as a spring, in particular a helical spring, a toggle or cam or worm and nut system, a piston which is capable of being manipulated and deformed by a user, and which is structurally associated with the removable mechanical fastening means in question, so as to be able to move or deform it between an assembly or disassembly configuration with respect to the form 1 and a configuration for fixing to the form 1, with application of a holding application force.

In the embodiments represented in FIG. 2, the bias control device 10 is structurally associated with the bias device 9 itself. In the embodiments shown in Figures 1, 3 and it is structurally separate from the bias device 9 itself. The control device 10 is functionally associated with the polarization device 9 by a wired link, a Bluetooth link (FIG. 1), a radio link, a telephone link (FIG. 3).

According to one embodiment, illustrated by Figures 2 and 3, the formwork 1 intrinsically comprises a support means for part of the means constituting the electric polarization device 9, such as its upper edge (Figure 3) or the work platform 11e (figure 2).

According to the embodiment of Figure 4, there is provided a kind of part forming a spacer connecting the two shuttering faces 6 of the pair of formwork 1s 1a and 1b and an electrical connection between, on the one hand, the two shuttering faces 6 connected d one way or another to the anode – of the source of electrical energy 11 11, and, on the other hand, the armature 8 through which the spacer piece passes, connected in one way or another other to the cathode + of the electric power source 11. For example, the part forming a spacer comprises an inner part and an outer part which are electrically insulated coaxial. The inner part acts as a spacer and provides an electrical connection between the two shuttering faces 6 and the outer part, like a sleeve, is electrically connected to the reinforcement 8.

By electrical connection of an armature, it is necessary to understand two realizations. That where it is the reinforcement placed between the formwork that will be stripped which is directly connected to the source of electrical energy. That where this reinforcement is only indirectly connected, insofar as on the site there is an equipotential connection between the various reinforcements. Consequently, it must be possible to connect to the source of electrical energy not the armature placed between the formwork in question, but another armature at the same potential. Preferably, this other reinforcement is rather close to that arranged between the two form panels.

To the extent not inconsistent, certain or some of the various individually described embodiments may be combined.

Claims (21)

Device for electric polarization (9) facilitating the stripping of a wall (P) of shuttered reinforced concrete from the formwork face (6) conductive of electricity of a formwork (1) forming part of a formwork delimiting a formwork space (2), when a metal reinforcement (8) has been placed in the casing space (2) and when selected current concrete suitable for electrical polarization has been poured into the casing space (2) and its compaction ensured , comprising a source of electrical energy (11) having an anode and a cathode, an electric face connection means (12) comprising an electric face conduction means (12a) and an electric face connector means (12b) and an armature electrical connection means (8), so that the shuttering face (6) is connected to the cathode and the armature is connected to the anode, so as to be able to apply a difference in electric polarization potential ΔV between the shuttering face (6) and the reinforcement (8), characterized in that the polarization device comprises a removable mechanical or magnetic fixing means of the connector means for the shuttering face (12b) to the formwork (1) itself. even. An electrical biasing device according to claim 1, wherein the shuttering face connector means (12b) is fixed directly to the shuttering face (6) itself or to the electrically conductive framework (5) in electrical connection with the formwork face (6). Electrical polarization device according to one of Claims 1 and 2, which comprises means for removable attachment of part of its constituent means to the formwork (1) itself, in particular the source of electrical energy (11) , like jaws enclosing the formwork (1) on either side of the side of its formwork face (6) and on the opposite side of its frame (5). Electrical polarization device according to one of Claims 1 and 2, which comprises means for removable attachment of part of its constituent means to the formwork (1) itself, in particular the source of electrical energy (11) , as an elongated means with a support on the formwork face (6) of the formwork (1) and a second support on a second formwork face (6) arranged vis-à-vis. Electrical polarization device according to one of Claims 1 and 2, which comprises means for removable attachment of part of its constituent means to the formwork (1) itself, in particular the source of electrical energy (11) , as an elongated means taking with support on the frame (5) of the formwork on the opposite side of its formwork face (6) and a second support vis-à-vis. Electrical polarization device according to one of Claims 3 to 5, in which the mechanical or magnetic removable fixing means of the connector means for the shuttering face (12b) to the formwork (1) itself and the removable fixing means of part of its constituent means to the formwork (1) itself, in particular the source of electrical energy (11), are at least partly common or structurally associated with each other. Electrical polarization device according to one of Claims 3 to 5, in which the means for removable attachment of the connector means for the shuttering face (12b) and/or the means for removable attachment of part of the means constituting the electrical polarization device (9) to the formwork itself, in particular the source of electrical energy (11), comprises a support and holding pad. Electrical polarization device according to one of Claims 3 to 5, in which the mechanical means for the removable mechanical fixing of the connector means for the shuttering face (12a) and/or the mechanical means for the removable fixing of a part of the means constituting the device electrical polarization (9) to the formwork (1) itself, in particular the source of electrical energy (11), comprises a deformable means, capable of being manipulated and deformed by a user, structurally associated with said mechanical fastening means removable, so as to be able to move said removable mechanical fastening means between a configuration for assembly or dismantling with respect to the formwork (1) and a configuration for fastening to the formwork (1), with application of an application force maintenance. An electrical bias device according to claim 8, in said deformable means is a spring, such as a coil spring, a toggle or cam or worm and nut system, a piston. Electrical polarization device according to one of Claims 1 to 9, in which the electrical connection means for the shuttering face (12) and the electrical connection means for the armature (8) are associated with each other, at least in part. Electrical polarization device according to one of Claims 1 to 10, with which a polarization control device (10) is functionally associated. An electrical bias device according to claim 11, wherein the bias control device (10) is either structurally associated with the bias device (9) itself or is structurally separate from the bias device (9) itself. Electrical polarization device according to one of Claims 11 and 12, in which the polarization control device (10) is functionally associated with the polarization device (9) itself by a wired link, a Bluetooth link, a radio, telephone connection. Electrical polarization device according to one of Claims 11 to 13, in which selected current concrete capable of electrical polarization is spoiled at the time T0, and has been poured into the formwork space (2) and its compaction ensured at the time T1, wherein the controller includes:

• a means providing, for the chosen concrete, the duration ΔTa between the moment T0 of the mix and the theoretical moment T2 of the beginning of the setting of the concrete,
• means for controlling the start of the application of the potential difference ΔV, at a moment T3 which follows the moment T1 with a delay ΔTc equal to (T0 – T1) + (ΔTa – ΔTb), in which ΔTb is a duration anticipation of the onset of concrete setting.

An electrical bias device according to claim 14, which comprises:

• a means of supplying data ΔTa / Ture, such as an abacus, which for the concrete chosen, gives the duration ΔTa as a function of the ambient temperature Ture, associated with the means for controlling the start of the application of the potential difference ΔV, and or
• a means for supplying data ΔV/Ture, such as an abacus, which for the chosen concrete, gives the potential difference ΔV to be applied as a function of the ambient temperature Ture, associated with the means for controlling the start of the application of the difference of potential ΔV,
• and means for determining the ambient temperature Ture.

Assembly comprising at least one formwork (1), and in particular two formwork forms (1,1a,1b) facing each other, each having a formwork face (6) that conducts electricity and an electrical polarization device (9) according to one of claims 1 to 15, assembled with each other. Formwork-electrical polarization device assembly according to claim 16, in which the formwork (1) intrinsically comprises a support means for part of the means constituting the electrical polarization device (9), such as its upper edge or a work platform. Formwork-electrical polarization device assembly according to one of Claims 16 and 17, in which a means for removable fixing of part of the means constituting the electrical polarization device (9) to the formwork (1) itself, in particular the source of electrical energy (11), is presented as jaws enclosing the formwork (1) on either side of the side of its formwork face (6) and the opposite side of its frame (8). Formwork-electrical polarization device assembly according to one of Claims 16 to 17, in which a means for removable fixing of part of the means constituting the electrical polarization device (9) to the formwork (1) itself, in particular the source of electrical energy (11), is presented as an elongated means with a support on the formwork face (6) of the formwork (1) and a second support opposite, in particular the second formwork face ( 6) of a second formwork (1) facing each other. Formwork-electrical polarization device assembly according to one of Claims 16 to 17, in which a means for removable fixing of part of the means constituting the electrical polarization device (9) to the formwork (1) itself, in particular the source of electrical energy (11), is presented as an elongated means with a support on the framework of the formwork (1), on the side opposite to its formwork face (6) and a second support facing screws, in particular the second frame (8) of a second formwork (1) facing each other. Formwork-electrical polarization device assembly according to one of Claims 16 to 20, in which the formwork (1) is standard, not altered by the polarization device (9), its formwork face (6) not being affected by detrimental to polarization.