FR3098572A1 - Solar thermal collector, assembly system, solar thermal panel and building equipped with these elements - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a thermal solar collector (1) for a thermal solar panel (2) installed on a facade (30) of a building ( 3), the solar thermal collector (1) comprising a hermetic enclosure (10) filled with stagnant air (AS), the hermetic enclosure (10) extends longitudinally and is equipped with at least: a heat absorber (11 ), and a transparent panel (12) allowing solar radiation to penetrate, According to the invention, the hermetic enclosure (10) is delimited laterally and below by the heat absorber (11) which is made in the form of a profiled, the hermetic enclosure (10) also being delimited above by the transparent panel (12) which is integral with the heat absorber (11). The invention also relates to an assembly system (5), a thermal solar panel (2), a building on which the solar panel (2) is installed. Figure for the abstract Fig. 3]

Description

Solar thermal collector, assembly system, solar thermal panel and building equipped with these elements

[The present invention relates to the field of renewable energies and in particular to the field of solar energy.

As is known, there are at least two solar collector technologies. A first solar collector technology transforms photons of light into electricity through photovoltaic panels. While a second technology captures solar energy by radiation and communicates it to a heat transfer fluid by heat transfer within an airtight enclosure. With this in mind, this technology uses solar thermal collectors also called solar energy thermal collectors.

There is already a solar thermal collector integrated into a thermal solar panel configured to heat air which is then injected into the aeraulic heating network of a building.

Generally, this type of installation includes a determined number of solar thermal collectors placed and assembled vertically on the facade of a building to form a solar thermal panel. Vertical laying and assembly means that the solar thermal collectors are arranged parallel to the gravity vector G.

Conventionally, the thermal solar collector comprises an airtight enclosure which is delimited at the top by a transparent panel allowing solar radiation to penetrate within the airtight enclosure. At the same time, the hermetic enclosure is delimited below by a bottom on which rests a layer of thermal insulation and a heat absorber resting in turn on the layer of insulation. Finally, the hermetic enclosure is delimited laterally by two side walls extending perpendicular to the bottom. The space between the heat absorber and the transparent panel is filled with air which acts as an insulator in order to limit the heat exchanges between the heat absorber and the external environment.

In addition, the hermetic enclosure is crossed by an air duct which is placed in contact with the heat absorber and thus acts as a heat exchanger. The air circulating in the heat exchanger heats up, at the outlet of the thermal solar panel, the heated air is injected into the building's heating system.

Advantageously, this type of solar thermal panels has high thermal efficiencies often greater than 60% by carrying out a heat transfer from the heat absorber to the air circulating in the heat exchanger. The high thermal efficiency is due to the fact that the air which is used as the calorific fluid is directly injected into the heating system of the building. Indeed, using a liquid heat exchanger can cause a heat loss of 55% during the heat transfer from the heat absorber to the liquid circulating in the heat exchanger.

In this document, thermal efficiency of a thermal solar collector is understood to mean the rate of conversion of the heat energy produced by the sun into heat energy converted into heat energy of the heat absorber of the solar heat collector. It should be noted that the calorific energy produced by the sun is generally expressed in kilowatt hours per square meter and per year.

For information, solar heat energy is estimated in the south of France at around 1500 kwh /m² /per year. This is a considerable source of heat energy.

To optimize sunshine, it is preferable to install this type of installation on a south-facing facade.

Indeed, in temperate regions, in winter, the sun rises in the southeast and sets in the southwest. The course of the sun is a little more important in summer since it rises in the northeast to set in the northwest passing through the south.

However, the vertical installation of solar thermal collectors generates several difficulties.

First of all, the vertical installation causes a phenomenon of convection of the air contained in the hermetic enclosure, that is to say, a circulation from top to bottom of the air within the hermetic enclosure. Air circulation is due to uneven heating of the air.

The uneven heating of the air contained in the hermetic enclosure may be linked to a problem of sunlight on the thermal absorber of the thermal solar collector. Indeed, the vertical installation of solar thermal collectors implies partial sunshine on the surface of the heat absorber before 11 a.m. and after 3 p.m. This partial sunshine originates from the shadow cast by the side walls of the hermetic enclosure depending on the course of the sun from east to west.

In order to overcome this problem, solar thermal collector manufacturers reduce the height of the side walls of the hermetic enclosure to less than 20 mm to reduce this shadow phenomenon. However, decreasing the height of the side walls helps to reduce the volume of the space between the heat absorber and the transparent panel. The layer of stagnant air is therefore less important, which can lead to heat exchanges between the heat absorber and the external environment. However, these heat exchanges contribute to lowering the thermal efficiency of the thermal solar collector.

In view of the drawbacks described in the prior art, the present invention aims to improve the technology of solar installations for heating a building. In particular, the invention seeks to optimize the thermal solar panel by heating the air in circulation with a view to being injected into the aeraulic heating network of a building. This innovation approach is part of an objective of optimizing heat production yields while reducing the manufacturing costs of such a solar thermal panel and the solar thermal collectors that compose it.

With this objective, a first aspect of the invention relates to a thermal solar collector for a thermal solar panel installed on a facade of a building, the thermal solar collector comprising a hermetic enclosure filled with stagnant air, the hermetic enclosure extends longitudinally and is equipped with at least:

a heat absorber, and

a transparent panel letting in solar radiation.

The thermal solar collector is characterized in that the hermetic enclosure is delimited laterally and below by the heat absorber which is made in the form of a profile having a bottom integral with two side walls opposite each other and which respectively form a determined angle with the bottom of the heat absorber, the hermetic enclosure also being delimited at the top by the transparent panel which is integral with the heat absorber through two side flanges respectively extending each side wall according to a plane parallel to the bottom of the heat absorber.

Advantageously, the fact of using the heat absorber to delimit laterally and below the hermetic enclosure makes it possible to increase the exposure surface of the heat absorber. However, increasing the exposure surface makes it possible to optimize the thermal efficiency of the solar collector. At the same time, this advantageous design contributes to reducing the parts constituting the solar collector and therefore to reducing manufacturing costs.

According to a first variant of the first aspect of the invention, each side wall of the heat absorber forms an angle greater than 90° with the bottom of the heat absorber, preferably the angle is between 90° and 110°.

According to a second variant of the first aspect of the invention, the two side walls are separated by a distance which is 3 to 8 times greater than the height of each side wall.

The first and the second variant of the first aspect of the invention contribute to increasing the exposure surface of the heat absorber.

According to a third variant of the first aspect of the invention, the heat absorber is a profile made in one piece. The uniqueness of the heat absorber allows it to be made using a profiling machine on the installation site of the solar collector. This feature is part of a desire to reduce manufacturing costs.

According to a fourth variant of the first aspect of the invention, the transparent panel is a transparent polymeric and/or composite film, the transparent panel being delimited laterally by two opposite sides which are respectively integral with a lateral rim of the heat absorber via a junction element of the roof jumper type. In particular, the sensor comprises at least one seal of flexible material which is interposed between one side of the transparent panel and the side edge of the heat absorber. The junction element makes it easier to maintain the solar collector by simplifying the operations of replacing the transparent panel and/or the heat absorber.

According to a fifth variant of the first aspect of the invention, the solar collector comprises a system for assembly with another solar collector and/or with a wall support, the assembly system comprising:

at least one support segment mounted integral with the side edge of the heat absorber,

a bearing segment configured to bear on a wall support, and

an offset segment that connects the support segment to the support segment.

The assembly system ensures the association of several solar collectors in order to form a thermal solar panel.

In this sense, a second aspect of the invention relates to a system for assembling at least two solar thermal collectors for thermal solar panels, each solar thermal collector comprising a hermetic enclosure filled with stagnant air, the hermetic enclosure extends longitudinally and comprises two projecting side edges which extend longitudinally on either side of the hermetic enclosure, the assembly system is configured to assemble two adjacent solar thermal collectors through a side edge of each solar thermal collector.

To this end, the assembly system is characterized in that it includes:

a junction profile comprising, on the one hand, a central body of determined section which extends longitudinally, and on the other hand, two flanges which extend respectively on either side of the central body, and

• au moins un segment d’appui configuré pour solidariser au moins un capteur solaire thermique à un support mural, et
• un segment support constitué par un profilé possédant, d’une part, un corps central de section complémentaire au corps central du profilé de jonction, et d’autre part, deux ailes qui s’étendent longitudinalement de part et d’autre du corps central,

a support profile having:

• at least one support segment configured to secure at least one solar thermal collector to a wall support, and
• a support segment consisting of a section having, on the one hand, a central body of section complementary to the central body of the junction section, and on the other hand, two flanges which extend longitudinally on either side of the central body ,

the junction profile and the support segment of the support profile are configured, on the one hand, to fit together at least partially through their respective central body, and on the other hand, to enclose, through their respective flanges , at least one side edge of each thermal solar collector.

Advantageously, the fact of assembling a determined number of solar collectors according to the first aspect of the invention makes it possible to increase the surface of exposure to incident solar radiation and therefore to increase the production of heat energy. This contributes to producing a solar thermal panel in view of the needs of the aeraulic network of a building.

In this sense, a third aspect of the invention relates to a thermal solar panel which is characterized in that it comprises a determined number of thermal solar collectors defined according to the first aspect of the invention. The thermal solar panel comprises in particular a heat exchanger which is placed in contact with the heat absorber of each solar thermal collector.

According to a feature of the third aspect of the invention, the thermal solar panel comprises an assembly system which has:

a first segment constituting a support segment between two adjacent solar thermal collectors,

a second segment constituting a support segment configured to secure at least one solar thermal collector to a wall support of the solar thermal panel, and

a third segment constituting an offset segment between the first segment and the second segment.

A fourth aspect of the invention relates to a building comprising an exterior wall facade. This building is characterized in that the wall facade is equipped with at least one thermal solar panel according to the third aspect of the invention, the thermal solar panel being secured to the wall facade through a determined number of systems of assembly which offset the solar panel by a determined distance relative to the wall facade providing a heat exchanger between the thermal solar panel and the exterior wall facade, this heat exchanger being directly or indirectly connected with a building heating air network.

According to a characteristic of the fourth aspect of the invention, the building comprises an assembly system connecting, on the one hand, a first solar thermal collector to a second adjacent solar thermal collector and/or to the exterior wall facade of the building, the assembly system thus providing a specific heat exchanger for each thermal solar collector.

Other particularities and advantages will appear in the following detailed description of a non-limiting embodiment of the invention which is illustrated in Figures 1 to 9 placed in the appendix and in which:

is a representation of a heating system for a building which comprises a solar thermal panel mounted on the facade of the building and formed by solar thermal collectors in accordance with the invention;

is a front view representation of a solar thermal panel comprising two solar thermal collectors according to the invention;

is a representation of a side section AA of Figure 2;

is a representation of a side section BB of FIG. 2, in which the direction of air circulation in the heat exchanger of the solar thermal panel is shown schematically;

is an exploded representation of a solar thermal panel according to the invention which is fixed to the facade of a building;

is a representation in perspective of an assembly system according to the invention of two solar thermal collectors according to the invention;

is a representation of a side section of Figure 6;

is a representation of a section of a solar thermal collector and the incident angle of winter light radiation; And

is a representation of a section of a solar thermal collector and the incident angle of summer light radiation.

As illustrated in Figures 1 to 9, the invention relates to a thermal solar collector 1 for a thermal solar panel 2 installed on a facade 30 of a building 3. As we mentioned in the first part of this document, in order to To optimize the sunshine of a thermal solar panel 2, it is preferable to install it on a facade 30 facing south.

According to this example, the thermal solar panel 2 comprises a determined number of thermal solar collectors 1 defined according to the invention. Preferably, each solar collector 1 extends in a longitudinal direction H which is perpendicular to the gravity vector G. In this sense, it is possible to define that each thermal solar collector 1 is placed horizontally within a thermal solar panel installed on the facade 30 of a building 3.

With a view to transferring the heat energy captured by each solar collector 1, the solar panel 2 comprises one or more heat exchanger(s) 20 which are arranged in contact with each solar collector 1. In this example, each solar collector 1 is in contact with a heat exchanger 20.

The objective of the invention is to optimize the production of hot air with a view to blowing it into an aeraulic network 31 of the building 3. To this end, each heat exchanger 20 conveys air which heats up on contact of a solar collector 1. At the output of the thermal solar panel 2, the heated air is injected into the aeraulic network 31 of the building 3.

With regard to the solar collector 1, as illustrated in Figures 3, 4 and 6, 7, this solar collector 1 comprises a hermetic enclosure 10 filled with stagnant air AS. In this example, the hermetic enclosure 10 extends longitudinally. As an indication, a hermetic enclosure 10 can extend longitudinally over a first distance D of between 2 m and 6 m. Furthermore, this same hermetic enclosure 10 can extend transversely along a second distance d of between 100 mm and 500 mm. Preferably, the second distance can be between 200 mm and 400 mm.

Of course, the solar collector 1 comprises a heat absorber 11. In general, the heat absorber 11 is made of a conductive and selective material favoring the transfer of heat energy such as a metal or alloy of metals. Preferably, the heat absorber is made of aluminum or copper.

Advantageously, the heat absorber 11 delimits laterally and below the hermetic enclosure 10. For this purpose, the heat absorber 11 is made in the form of a profile. As illustrated in FIG. 3, the heat absorber 11 has a bottom 110. The bottom 110 extends along the longitudinal direction of the solar collector 1 and delimits the hermetic enclosure 10 below. The bottom 110 extends longitudinally between two ends 111. The bottom 110 is further delimited laterally by two side edges 112.

In addition, the heat absorber 11 comprises two side walls 113 opposite each other. Each side wall 113 extends in the longitudinal direction of the thermal solar collector 1.

In this example, the bottom 110 is integral with the two side walls 113 of the heat absorber. Here, each side wall 113 is integral with a side edge of the bottom 110. Each side wall 113 extends from a side edge 112 of the bottom 110 towards an upper edge 114. The distance between a side edge 112 of the bottom 110 and a upper edge 114 of a side wall 113 defines the height of this side wall 113. According to the invention, the height of a side wall 113 is between 30 mm and 70 mm. Preferably, the height of a side wall 113 can be between 40 mm and 60 mm, and preferably, the height of a side wall 113 can be between 45 mm and 55 mm.

Advantageously, each side wall 113 forms a determined angle α with the bottom 110 of the heat absorber 11.

In the example illustrated in Figure 7, each side wall 113 of the heat absorber 11 forms an angle α greater than 90 ° with the bottom 110 of the heat absorber 11. Preferably, the angle α is between 90 ° and 110°, preferably the angle α is between 95° and 100°, and preferably the angle α is 100°.

As illustrated in Figures 8 and 9, at least one side wall 113 is exposed to incident solar radiation RSI. The angle α of the side walls 113 contributes to increasing the surface of exposure of the heat absorber 11 to the incident solar radiation RSI which can also be described as sunshine of the heat absorber 11. The thermal efficiency of the panel solar thermal 2 is improved.

Similarly, the inclination of the side walls 113 according to the angle α also contributes to the exposure surface of the solar collector 1.

In addition, the ratio R _{h / d} between the height of each side wall 113 and the distance d which separates them also contributes to increasing the exposure surface of the heat absorber 11 by reducing the phenomenon of shadow cast (illustrated in Figure 8).

Preferably, this ratio R _{h / d} is between 3 and 8. The fact that the distance d is three to eight times greater than the height of each side wall 113 contributes to reducing the phenomenon of cast shadow generated by the shadow side walls 113.

Furthermore, the preferential horizontal installation of each solar collector 1 contributes to optimizing the sunshine of the heat absorber 11 from the first hours of sunshine, until sunset. This specific orientation of each solar collector 1 makes it possible to capture 100% of the incident solar radiation RSI from the first hours of the day.

Advantageously, the preferential horizontal installation of solar collector 1 makes it possible to limit the phenomenon of convection of stagnant air AS, the insulation of heat absorber 11 is increased, which contributes to optimizing the thermal efficiency of the solar panel thermal 2. The reduction in the phenomenon of convection of the air stored in the hermetic enclosure 10 is a result of the small distance d between the side walls 113 which is preferably less than 500 mm.

The hermetic enclosure 10 is configured to optimize the sunshine surface in order to reduce the phenomenon of shadow cast through in particular the angle α of the side walls 113 and the ratio R _h/d .

The hermetic enclosure 10 is more particularly designed to optimize the sunshine of the heat absorber 11 in a temperate zone from September to May. This situation is illustrated in FIG. 8. As is well known, the incident solar radiation RSI has an incident angle β with respect to a vertical normal N. In this example, the normal N is parallel to the gravity vector G. In particular, the incident solar radiation RSI is about 72° in temperate zones.

As illustrated in Figure 8, on the one hand, the angle α of the side walls 113 makes it possible to reduce the shadow cast by the side wall 113 in the upper position, and on the other hand, to provide a surface of additional sunlight at the lower side wall 113 .

Thus, in a non-summer period from September to May, the heat absorber generates low temperature differences of around 30°C with the outside temperature. Such a temperature difference can easily be insulated by a layer of air greater than 30 mm thick, which promotes a gain of 10 to 20% in thermal efficiency for a solar collector 1 according to the invention compared to a solar collector 1 according to the invention. prior art solar thermal. In this sense, for temperature differences of around 30°C, it is possible to achieve an energy efficiency of over 80%.

The main purpose of the invention is to optimize the conversion of heat energy from the sun in the non-summer period with a view to heating a building 3. Therefore, in the summer period, the production of hot air while the temperatures temperatures easily exceed 20°C is not necessarily of interest.

As illustrated in Figure 9, in the summer period, the incident solar radiation RSI presents an incident angle β that is less inclined than in winter, which is of the order of 20 to 30°. According to this summer sunshine situation, the configuration of the hermetic enclosure 10 contributes to reducing the sunshine of the heat absorber 11. Indeed, with an incident angle β of 20 to 30°, the incident solar radiation RSI generates a drop shadow which at least partially covers the surface of the heat absorber 11. In this situation, the drop shadow makes it possible to cover up to 75% of the surface of the heat absorber 11.

It is also the configuration of the side walls 113, the angle α and the ratio R _h/d which makes it possible to generate such a cast shadow. The preferential horizontal laying also helps to achieve this effect.

The shade cast in a situation of summer sunshine makes it possible to limit the sunshine in summer and therefore to avoid an excessive rise in temperature of the heat absorber 11. Here, the aim is to extend the life of the solar collector 1 and at the same time solar thermal panel 2.

However, even by limiting the sunshine of heat absorber 11 in summer, the heat absorber is likely to rise to temperatures of around 80°C. This heat energy production can be recovered if building 3 is equipped with solar air conditioning. Indeed, solar air conditioning, which is not the subject of the present invention, makes it possible to use hot air to produce cold air.

As illustrated in FIGS. 3 and 7, the solar collector 1 comprises a transparent panel 12 which is configured to allow the incident solar radiation RSI to penetrate inside the hermetic enclosure 10. In this example, the transparent panel 12 is a film polymeric and/or transparent composite. Preferably, the polymeric and/or composite film is made of a material of the fluoropolymer type. As an indication, it is possible to use polytetrafluoroethylene or "PTFE". Advantageously, as described in document FR 3 075 328, this type of polymer has properties of significant absorption of solar radiation which make it possible to optimize the thermal efficiency of the solar collector 1.

The transparent panel 12 delimits the hermetic enclosure 10 from the top. Here, the transparent panel 12 is integral with the heat absorber 11. In particular, the heat absorber 11 comprises two side flanges 115 which extend each side wall 113 respectively. side 115 extends from an upper edge 114 towards a free end along a plane parallel to the bottom 110 of the heat absorber 11. The transparent panel 12 is integral with the heat absorber 11 through each side rim 115.

In parallel, it should be noted that the heat absorber 11 is preferably formed by a section made in one piece. The profile of the heat absorber 11 is obtained by a profiling process. This profiling process forms the cold heat absorber 11 according to a determined shape which is described in this document. The profiling process makes it possible to quickly and inexpensively form the heat absorber 11 of the solar collector 1 according to the invention.

As illustrated in FIGS. 3, 6 and 7, the transparent panel 12 is delimited laterally by two opposite sides 120 which are respectively integral with a lateral rim 115 of the heat absorber 11. Preferably, the thermal solar collector 1 comprises at least a gasket 13 of flexible material which is inserted between one side 120 of the transparent panel 12 and the side edge 115 of the heat absorber 11. The gasket 13 makes it possible to absorb the variation in the tension of the film which constitutes the transparent panel 12. The variation of the tension of the film is due to the expansions and retractions of the film according to the outside temperature. The gasket 13 makes it possible to prolong the life of the solar collector 1 by preventing one side 120 of the transparent panel 12 from detaching from a side edge 115 under the effect of the variation in tension of the film.

The transparent panel 12 is secured to the side edges 115 of the heat absorber 11 through a junction element of the roof jumper type. Here, the connecting element is formed by a connecting profile 4.

In the example illustrated in Figures 6 and 7, the junction section 4 comprises a central body 40 of determined section which extends longitudinally. In the present example, the central body 40 comprises a cross section having a bottom and two side walls which extend perpendicular to the bottom. Therefore, it is possible to qualify the central body 40 as having a U-shaped profile with 90° angles.

The junction profile 4 also comprises two wings 41 which extend respectively on either side of the central body 40. Here, the wings 41 border the central body 40 of the junction profile.

In the example illustrated in Figure 6, the junction profile 4 connects two side edges 115 of two separate thermal solar collectors 1. To this end, the junction profile 4 is arranged longitudinally between two solar collectors 1. Each wing 41 of the junction profile 4 rests on a side edge 115 of a solar collector 1. Preferably, the junction profile 4 is equipped two seals 42 made of flexible material. Each joint 42 of flexible material extends under a wing 41 of the junction profile 4. Each joint 42 is interposed between the film of the transparent panel 12 and the wing 41 of the junction profile 4. This for the same reasons mentioned for the gasket 13 inserted between a side flange 115 and the film of the transparent panel 12.

In this example, the film of the transparent panel 12 extends beyond the side rim 115 and is clamped between the central body 40 of the junction profile 4 and an edge 116 defining the free end of the side rim 115.

The solar collector 1 comprises an assembly system 5 of which the junction profile 4 forms part.

The assembly system 5 is another aspect of the invention which makes it possible to assemble two solar collectors 1 together. Indeed, the assembly system 5 is configured to assemble two solar collectors 1 through one of their side edges 115. The assembly system 5 also ensures the assembly of one or more thermal collector(s). s) solar (s) with a wall bracket 21. The wall bracket 21 can be formed directly by a facade 30 of a building 3.

In the example illustrated in Figures 3, 6 and 7, the assembly system 5 comprises a support profile 50. The support profile 50 is connected, on the one hand, to the junction profile 4, and on the other hand, to a wall support 21. In the example of FIGS. 3 and 7, the support profile 50 is connected to the junction profile 4 and to the wall support 21 by mechanical elements 51 such as screws. For this purpose, the support profile 50 comprises at least one support segment 52 configured to secure at least one solar collector 1 to a wall support 21.

More broadly, the assembly system 5 participates in ensuring the cohesion of the thermal solar panel 2. For these purposes, the support section 50 comprises at least one support segment 53. The support segment 53 is mounted integral with at least one side rim 115 of a heat absorber 11 of a solar collector 1. When the assembly system 5 is arranged between two adjacent solar collectors 1, the support segment 53 is mounted integral with two side flanges 115 belonging respectively to one of the two solar collectors 1.

With this in mind, the support segment 53 consists of a profile. The profile of the support segment 53 has a central body 530 of section complementary to the central body 40 of the junction profile 4. The two central bodies 40, 530 are configured to fit together at least partially.

Preferably, the central body 530 of the support segment 53 comprises dimensions slightly greater than those of the central body 40 of the junction section 4. Thus, the central body 40 of the junction section 4 can fit into the central body 530 of the segment support 53 (shown in Figures 6 and 7). In this example, the two central bodies 40, 530 are joined mechanically via mechanical elements 51. Furthermore, the support segment 53 comprises two wings 531 which extend longitudinally on either side of the central body 530.

The support segment 53 can also comprise a reinforcement section 532. Here, the reinforcement section 532 is formed by a square-shaped hollow section which is integrated into the central body 530 of the support segment 53. The reinforcement section 532 provides better mechanical strength of the support profile 50.

As illustrated in FIG. 6, the wings 531 of the support segment 53 are respectively configured to support a side rim 115 of two adjacent solar collectors 1. Here, the support segment 53 is integral with the support segment 52. In this example, the wings 531 of the support segment 53 extend along a plane parallel to the support segment. Preferably, the support section 50 comprises an offset segment 54 which secures the support segment 53 and is integral with the support segment 52. The offset segment 54 makes it possible to create a space between the wall support 21 and the bottom 110 of the heat absorber 11 of each solar collector 1. In this sense, the offset segment plays the role of a spacer.

In summary, the junction profile 4 and the support segment 53 of the support profile 50 are configured to fit together at least partially through their respective central body 40, 530. However, the junction profile 4 and the support segment 53 are also configured to grip, through their respective flanges 41, 531, at least one side edge 115 of a solar collector 1. Preferably, the junction profile 4 and the support segment 53 are configured to grip, through their respective wings 41, 531, a side rim 115 of two adjacent solar collectors 1 (illustrated in Figures 3, 6 and 7).

Preferably, the film of the transparent panel 12 extends beyond the edge 116 of each side flange 115 and is clamped between the central bodies 40, 530 of the junction profile 4 and the support segment 53 of the support profile 50 (illustrated in Figure 6).

As illustrated in Figures 1, 2 and 5, the solar panel 2 comprises a determined number of solar collectors 1 adjacent to each other. The thermal solar panel 2 comprises a heat exchanger 20 in contact with the heat absorber 11 of each sensor 1 which makes up the solar panel 2. The heat exchanger 20 makes it possible to circulate air in contact with the heat absorber 11 in order to recover the calorific energy (illustrated in figure 4). The air at room temperature enters the heat exchanger 20 via an inlet opening 22, is loaded with heat energy in contact with the heat absorber 11. The heated air is then evacuated through an exhaust opening 23 in order to to be blown into the aeraulic network 31 for heating the building 3.

In the example illustrated in Figures 3, 4 and 7, the heat exchanger 20 is delimited laterally by the support section 50 of the assembly system 5. In particular, the offset segment 54 fulfills a side partition function of the heat exchanger 20. The heat exchanger 20 is delimited at the top by the heat absorber 11.

Finally, there are two possibilities for delimiting heat exchanger 20 from below.

According to a first possibility, the heat exchanger 20 is directly delimited below by the facade 30 of the building 3. In this case, the wall support 21 of the solar panel 2 is formed directly by the facade 30 of the building.

According to a second possibility, the heat exchanger 20 is delimited below by a bottom 24. The bottom 24 is formed by a flat panel which can be fixed above or below to the support segment 52 of the support profile 50.

In all cases, the support segment 52 is secured to the facade 30 which acts as a wall support 21 for the thermal solar panel 2. Remarkably, the support segment 52 extends on either side of the offset segment 53. On a first side of offset segment 53 extends a first planar section 520 and on a second side of offset segment 53 extends a second section 521 which is also planar. The second section 521 comprises a protruding end 522 which extends parallel to the offset segment 53. The second section 521 has dimensions greater than the first section 521. The second section 521 thus comprises a flat portion and a protruding end 522 which form a rail. This rail makes it easier to attach the bottom 24.

Preferably, the bottom 24 consists of a metal panel such as aluminum. However, it is also possible to use natural or synthetic materials that have thermal insulation properties.

Advantageously, using a bottom 24 to delimit the heat exchanger 20 below makes it possible to reduce heat energy losses. Furthermore, the assembly system 5 thus provides a heat exchanger 20 specific to each solar collector 1. This contributes to reducing the manufacturing costs of the solar panel 2.

As illustrated in Figures 3 and 7, the assembly system 5 and the side rim 115 make it possible to generate a cavity, forming the heat exchanger 20, which also includes the side walls 113 of the heat absorber 11. Thus, the surface of heat exchange between the heat absorber 11 and the air circulating in the heat exchanger 20 is maximized. Of course, this helps to increase the thermal efficiency of the thermal solar panel 2.

As illustrated in Figures 2 and 5, the solar panel 2 comprises a determined number of support profiles 50 which are secured to the facade 30 of a building 3 through mechanical elements 51. The support profiles 50 are arranged longitudinally in an orientation horizontal as described above. The horizontal support profiles 50 are parallel to each other and arranged at equal distance from each other. In this sense, it is possible to provide a solar collector 1 between two horizontal support profiles 50.

The solar panel 2 is delimited by a frame 25 whose upper and lower horizontal support profiles 50 respectively form an upper 26 and lower upright 25. The frame 25 also comprises side uprights 27 which are formed by support profiles 50 which are arranged perpendicular to each end of the horizontal support profiles 50.

The facade 30 is then pierced in order to arrange between each support profile 50 at least one intake opening 22 and at least one exhaust opening 23.

The bottom 24 of each heat exchanger 20 is positioned between each support profile 50 and secured to the facade 30 and to the support profile 50. Each bottom 24 is pierced so as to generate at least one inlet opening 22 and at least one exhaust opening 23. Each hole is positioned opposite the holes made in the facade 30 in order to pass a duct 28. The duct 28 makes it possible to connect the heat exchanger 20 to the ventilation network 31 of the building 3 (shown in Figure 1).

Each heat absorber 11 is positioned between two horizontal support profiles 50. As described above, each heat absorber 11 is secured to two adjacent support sections 50 through an assembly system 5 of which the support sections 50 are part. Advantageously, the assembly system 5 offsets the solar panel 2 of a determined distance from the wall facade 30 forming a heat exchanger 20 between the solar panel 2 and the wall facade 30 outside. In particular, the assembly system 5 provides a heat exchanger 20 between each solar collector 1 and the wall facade 30 of the building 3.

The film forming the transparent panel 12 is positioned at the level of each heat absorber 11 and the junction section 4 is then positioned and secured at the level of each support section 50. The junction section 4 thus secures the transparent panels 12 and the absorbers calorific 11 to the support sections 50. The junction section 4 also performs the glazing bead function of each solar collector 1. In this example, the junction section 4 can be made of metal. Preferably, the junction profile is made of black lacquered aluminium.

Of course, a junction section 4 is also secured to the support sections 50 which form the frame 25 of the thermal solar panel 2.

Finally, the solar panel 2 comprises trim panels 29 which are arranged around the frame 25. The trim panels 29 define a sealed box around the frame 25.

Advantageously, such a solar panel 2 uses the thermal insulation of the facade 30 of the building 3 to limit heat loss from the bottom 24 of the heat exchanger.

In addition, using in particular a profiling machine on board a traveling vehicle to form the heat absorber 11, it is possible to assemble the solar panel 2 directly on the installation site.

The operation of thermal solar panel 2 is shown schematically in Figures 1 and 4. As illustrated, the incident solar radiation RSI passes through transparent panel 12 and comes into contact with heat absorber 11. Heat absorber 11 stores the calorific energy of the incident solar radiation RSI to which it is exposed. In parallel, the stagnant air AS in the hermetic enclosure 10 ensures the insulation of the heat absorber 11.

Finally, the aeraulic network 31 of the building 3 ensures the supply of the heat exchanger 20, with a flow of air at ambient temperature, via an intake duct 32. For these purposes, the intake duct 32 is connected via a duct 28 to the intake opening 22. The flow of fresh air which enters the heat exchanger 20 circulates from one end of the heat exchanger 20 to the other and is charged with heat energy on contact of the heat absorber 11. By taking on heat energy, the air flow heats up and is then evacuated via the exhaust opening 23 to a hot air supply duct 33 of the aeraulic network 31 of the building 3 .

In winter, when the outside temperature approaches 0°C, it is possible thanks to the thermal efficiency of solar panel 2 to produce hot air at 30°C.

The aeraulic network 31 of building 3 can operate in an open cycle or in a closed cycle.]

Claims (12)

Thermal solar collector (1) for a thermal solar panel (2) installed on a facade (30) of a building (3), the thermal solar collector (1) comprising an airtight enclosure (10) filled with stagnant air (AS ), the hermetic enclosure (10) extends longitudinally and is equipped with at least:

• a heat absorber (11), and
• a transparent panel (12) allowing solar radiation to penetrate,

characterized in that the hermetic enclosure (10) is delimited laterally and below by the heat absorber (11) which is made in the form of a profile having a bottom (110) integral with two side walls (113) opposite the from each other and which respectively form an angle (α) determined with the bottom (110) of the heat absorber (11), the hermetic enclosure (10) also being delimited at the top by the transparent panel (12) which is secured to the heat absorber (11) through two side flanges (115) respectively extending each side wall (113) along a plane parallel to the bottom (110) of the heat absorber (11). Thermal solar collector (1) according to Claim 1, characterized in that each side wall (113) of the heat absorber (11) forms an angle (α) greater than 90° with the bottom (110) of the heat absorber (11), preferably the angle (α) is between 90° and 110°. Thermal solar collector (1) according to one of Claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the two side walls (113) are separated by a distance which is 3 to 8 times greater than the height of each side wall (113). Thermal solar collector (1) according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the heat absorber (11) is a profile made in one piece. Thermal solar collector (1) according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the transparent panel (12) is a transparent polymer and/or composite film, the transparent panel (12) being delimited laterally by two opposite sides ( 120) which are respectively integral with a lateral rim (115) of the heat absorber (11) via a junction element of the roof strut type. Thermal solar collector (1) according to Claim 5, characterized in that it comprises at least one joint (13) of flexible material which is interposed between one side (120) of the transparent panel (12) and the lateral rim (115) of the heat absorber (11). Thermal solar collector (1) according to one of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that it comprises an assembly system (5) for another solar collector (1) and/or for a wall support, the system for assembly (5) comprising:

• at least one support segment (53) mounted integral with the side rim (115) of the heat absorber (11),
• a bearing segment (52) configured to bear on a wall support, and
• an offset segment (54) which connects the support segment (53) to the bearing segment (52).

Assembly system (5) of at least two thermal solar collectors (1) according to one of claims 1 to 7 for thermal solar panel (2), each thermal solar collector (1) comprising a hermetic enclosure (10) filled with stagnant air (AS), the hermetic enclosure (10) extends longitudinally and comprises two projecting side edges (115) which extend longitudinally on either side of the hermetic enclosure (10), the assembly system (5) is configured to assemble two adjacent thermal solar collectors (1) through a lateral edge (115) of each thermal solar collector (1), for this purpose, the assembly system (5) is characterized in that it includes:

• a junction section (4) comprising, on the one hand, a central body (40) of determined section which extends longitudinally, and on the other hand, two wings (41) which extend respectively on either side other from the central body (40), and
• a support profile (50) having:

- at least one support segment (52) configured to secure at least one thermal solar collector (1) to a wall support, and
- a support segment (53) consisting of a profile having, on the one hand, a central body (530) of complementary section to the central body (40) of the junction profile (4), and on the other hand, two wings ( 531) which extend longitudinally on either side of the central body (530),
the junction profile (4) and the support segment (53) of the support profile (50) are configured, on the one hand, to fit together at least partially through their respective central body (40, 530), and on the other hand, to enclose, through their respective wings (41, 531), at least one side edge (115) of each thermal solar collector (1). Thermal solar panel (2), characterized in that it comprises a determined number of thermal solar collectors (1) defined according to one of claims 1 to 7, a heat exchanger (20) being placed in contact with the heat absorber (11) of each thermal solar collector (1). Thermal solar panel (2) according to claim 9, characterized in that it comprises an assembly system (5) which has:

• a first segment constituting a support segment (53) between two adjacent thermal solar collectors (1),
• a second segment constituting a support segment (52) configured to secure at least one thermal solar collector (1) to a wall support of the thermal solar panel (2), and
• a third segment constituting an offset segment (54) between the first segment and the second segment.

Building (3) comprising an exterior wall facade (30), characterized in that the wall facade (30) is equipped with at least one thermal solar panel (2) according to one of Claims 9 and 10, the solar panel ( 2) thermal being secured to the wall facade (30) through a determined number of assembly systems (5) which deport the solar panel (2) by a determined distance with respect to the wall facade (30) sparing at least one heat exchanger (20) between the thermal solar panel (2) and the exterior wall facade (30), this heat exchanger (20) being directly or indirectly connected with an aeraulic network (31) for heating the building (3) . Building (3) according to claim 11, characterized in that it comprises an assembly system (5) connecting, on the one hand, a first thermal solar collector (1) to a second adjacent thermal solar collector (1) and / or the wall facade (30) outside the building (3), the assembly system (5) thus providing a heat exchanger (20) specific to each solar thermal collector (1).