FR3001988A1 - Roof covering device for building, has solar cover and integration module constituting elements completely integrated with roof cover, where module includes metal sheet deformed by folding or stamping and flat heat exchanger - Google Patents

Abstract

The device has two distinct assembled parts e.g. solar cover and integration module, constituting elements completely integrated with a roof cover, where the solar cover is a photovoltaic panel (5) with frame or a bi-glass photovoltaic panel without frame, or a flexible photovoltaic panel or a solar glazing and its frame. The integration module includes a metal sheet (4) deformed by folding or stamping, a thermal cut frame (3) and of a flat heat exchanger (1) assembled in an in dissociable structure.

Description

The invention relates to a roof covering system having a fully integrated solar panel, in particular an integrated photovoltaic panel, and a roof provided with such elements. The solar modules once assembled on the frame of the roof, ensure the watertightness of the roof to the bad weather as well as the resistance to the loads of wind and snow. These solar modules are the elements, like tiles, of the roof. The field of application of this invention is limited to roofs whose frame is able by its design to withstand the weight of integrated solar panels, especially photovoltaic panels. There are many different types of solar collectors with various roof mounting systems. The types of sensors are either flat thermal sensors with hot water production, or pure or hybrid photovoltaic sensors that is to say capable of simultaneously producing electrical energy and heat, generally water. hot. The fastening systems of these sensors are diverse and generally allow integration into a new or existing roof. However, each type of solar collector has its own integration system, which is not always compatible with another system. Most integration systems involve partial integration on a limited surface of the roof. The purpose of the present invention is to cover by these integrated solar elements all of a roof pan. Another object of this invention is to be able to cover a roof section by integrated solar elements providing different functions, production of electricity and hot water in cogeneration, production of hot water alone, and cooling of liquid, according to the needs building with this roof and this with the same elements of integration. Another object of the present invention is to provide such a device that can be manufactured in the factory and standardized to facilitate installation and this under favorable operating conditions. Other advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following description which is given for information only and which is not intended to limit it. Also, the invention relates to a roof covering device having an integrated solar panel, the device comprising: - Part A called "solar cover" - Part B called "integration module" Part A, "solar cover" can be constituted either of a standard photovoltaic panel with frame (5), with cells of monocrystalline or polycrystalline type, or of a standard bi-glass panel (6) of photovoltaic cells of monocrystalline or polycrystalline type, either of photovoltaic cells in flexible sheet.

It can also be made of a frame profile adapted (7) provided with a transparent glazing (8). This transparent glazing (8) may be a glass or solar plastic, a glass or plastic transparent at certain wavelengths especially for certain night cooling applications.

Part B, "integration module", consists of a heat exchanger plate (1), an insulating plate (2), a thermal break frame (3) and a metal sheet (4). ) formed in such a way that the integration modules assemble by covering ensuring the tightness of the roof. The dimensions of the integration module are in length L of the order of 1m to 1.8m and width I of the order of 0.5m to 1.2m.

The heat exchanger (1), made from a flat plate where there are channels (10) for circulating a heat transfer fluid with tubings (11) and (12) of outputs and inputs of this fluid coolant. A version of this so-called "simple" exchanger comprises only an inlet pipe and a heat transfer fluid outlet pipe. Another version called "heat exchanger for photovoltaic panel" comprises the channels (13), one or more heat transfer fluid inlet (s) (14) and (15), and a cutout (16) capable of allowing the electrical junction box to pass through. solar panel. This version is only suitable for the addition of a photovoltaic panel stuck on the face (18) of the heat exchanger, which makes this hybrid photovoltaic panel, producing electricity simultaneously with hot water. The heat exchanger (1) is not limited to this type of construction, it can be made from an aluminum sheet on which are welded copper tubes forming a circuit with one or more inlets, fluid outlets coolant. The insulating plate (2) is either a spray foam or a mineral wool plate. It is either whole and covers the rear face of the heat exchanger (1), or provided with a cutout (19) adapted to let the electrical junction box of a photovoltaic panel.

The thermal cut-off frame (3) consists of profiles (20), (21), welded or glued together to form a frame. This frame can be reinforced by the profile (22). To prevent the heat exchanger (1) from losing heat to the outside through the frame (3) and the metal sheet (4) by thermal conduction of the materials, the frame (3) will preferably be of a low conductive material heat, such as wood, plastic or stainless steel. The height h of the profiles (20), (21) is variable depending on the final destination of the solar module, either ordinary solar plane sensor or hybrid photovoltaic panel. In order of magnitude, this height h varies from 15 to 60 mm. The sheet metal (4) is made of a thin metal plate which has at both edges in the direction of the slope of the roof, channels (30) and (31) adapted to receive the rain water which falls on the roofing and driving it to stormwater systems such as gutters.

The "integration modules" interlock with each other so that the rain collected in one channel (30) of an upper module flows into the channel (30) of another lower module and the rain collected in a channel (31) of an upper module flows into the channel (31) of another lower module. And this by partial overlap of the channels (30) and (31) in the direction of the slope of the roof, the upper module on the lower module. The water discharge channels (30) and (31) have different profiles (100) and (101) so that the channels (30) and (31) of two upper and lower modules in the direction of the slope of the roof overlap and partially overlap and adjacent modules overlap and interlock, to ensure the continuity of the channels (30) and (31) and thus the sealing of the roof. The thin plate also has lower (104) and upper (105) profiles such that during assembly of an upper integration module with a lower integration module, the profiles (104) and ( 105) fit one above the other. Namely that the profile (104) is above the profile (105).

The metal sheet (4) has supports (40, 41, 42, 43) so that their respective surfaces a, b, c and d are in the same plane (46). The plane (45), parallel to the surface (S) is above the plane (46), the spacing between (S) and the plane (46) is of the order of 2 to 5 cm. The plans (45) and (46) are not strictly parallel in the direction of the slope of the roof, the angle between these plans is of the order of 0.1 to 0.2 °. The small angle between the planes (45) and (46) is necessary to ensure the proper interlocking of the channels (30) and (31) from one module to another. The surfaces a, b, c and d of the supports rest on the frame of the roof which can be either wooden or metal breakdowns associated with rafters according to the architecture of the building and its constructive system, or failures connected by wooden or metal panels, or structural insulating plates. These supports ensure the rigidity of the integration modules to the climatic loads and also when the staff carries out the mounting of the modules on a roof. For this reason, the integration modules must be mounted from the bottom upwards in the direction of the slope of the roof, and then in the second row with lateral overlap, in the same way.

This thin plate (4) has in the lower part a water deflection surface (50), which allows the rainwater which falls on the face (200) of the photovoltaic panel, to flow transversely to the channels (30) and (31). The thin plate (4) of the integration module is provided with perforations (60) at the top and bottom, (61, 63) in the channels (30) and (31), of joints (66) at the top, (67). , 68) in the channels (30) and (31), and support rings (69) such that the fixing screws (70) firmly grip the integration modules on the roof frame. This clamping does not cause deformation of the thin plate (4). The whole of this device with the covering of the profiles (104) and (105) ensures the tightness and the resistance of the modules on the frame of the roof. It also allows easy disassembly of an integration module when replacing a faulty integration module.

The thin plate (4) has apertures (80, 81, 82, 83) in the direction of the slope of the roof which are used to pass the electric cables and hydraulic tubes heat transfer fluid of an integration module to another integration module. The assembly of the thin plate (4), the thermal cut-out frame (3) and the heat exchanger (1) is made by water-tight collages (90) and (91) and screws so as to to form a single block B. Now we are able to define different solar panels on the principle of assembly of parts A and B. The combination of different elements leads to a first realization of a hybrid photovoltaic panel, namely Part A composed of either a standard photovoltaic panel with frame, or a bi-glass photovoltaic panel, or a flexible sheet photovoltaic panel, assembled by bonding (92) on block B constituted by the exchanger (1) , the insulation (2), the cutting frame (3) and the thin plate (4). The second combination of elements leads to the manufacture of a purely thermal solar panel producing hot water for example to heat the water of a pool at low temperature. For this, the part A is non-existent, and the part B consists of the exchanger (1), the insulator (2), the cutting frame (3) and the thin plate (4). The surface (201) exposed to the sun of the exchanger (1) is covered with a coating that absorbs solar rays, black or selective infrared. A third construction is possible, it is a purely thermal solar collector like the previous one, but provided with a solar glazing (8), which makes it possible to produce hot water at medium temperature, such as for water sanitary hot. A fourth possible embodiment is identical to the second embodiment above, with the difference that the surface (201) exposed to the sun is covered with a coating that does not absorb the sun's rays, such as a white or selective paint (radiative cooling ). The purpose is instead to cool the heat transfer fluid of the heat exchanger (1) particularly in the night period and especially as the roof sees the sky when the slope on the horizontal is low. This is a natural way to enhance liquid cooling. A fifth embodiment, identical to the fourth, with the difference that we add a special glazing (300) exterior with passage qualities of specific wavelength in relation to the radiation of the celestial vault, which reinforces the power cooling of the complete panel.

We therefore have different combinations of solar panels capable of producing electricity, heat and cold or cooling. It is now possible to make a complete roof of a building, using these solar modules by combining one or more functions (electricity, hot water, cold water) according to the energy needs of this building. These combinations are made on a basic module (the part B) identical for all the functions, realizing a complete roof which ensures the resistance to the climatic loads and the weatherproofness. Figure 1 shows the parts A "solar cover" and B "integration module" of the system.

Figure 2 shows a view from above and below of the "integration module". Figure 3 shows an explosion of the "integration module" and its components. Figure 4 shows views 4-a, 4-b and 4-c of the different possibilities of part A, "solar cover". Figure 5 shows the heat exchanger (1) in two different versions.

Figure 6 shows the rear insulation (2) in two different versions. Figure 7 shows the thermal break frame (3). Figures 8, 9, 10 and 11 show the details of the metal plate (4) and the sealing function between the modules. Figure 12 shows the assembly and sealing device between two integration modules.

Figures 13 and 14 show in section the fixing device of the integration modules on the frame of the roof. Figure 15 shows in section the fixing device on the frame of the roof, in the channels. FIG. 16 is a sectional view of a purely thermal flat sensor.

FIG. 17 represents a view from above of a purely thermal flat sensor. Figure 18 is a section of a thermal sensor provided with an outer glazing. Figure 19 shows a sandwich panel framed roof equipped with hybrid photovoltaic panels. Figure 20 shows a uniform roof of hybrid photovoltaic panels on a roof framing in metal purlins. Figure 21 shows a complete mixed roof with hybrid photovoltaic panels and solar thermal panels.

Referring to Figure 1, it shows the two parts A and B of the system. As an example we see here the part A, simple photovoltaic panel in upper position, assembled on the part B, metal plate stamped or folded. With reference to FIGS. 2 and 3, only part B, the integration module with the constituents, flat heat exchanger (1), rear insulation (2), thermal cut-off frame (3) and the metal sheet are seen. (4) folded or stamped which seals the modules together. If we refer to FIG. 4, we have an overview of the so-called solar cover part, in 4-a form, of a photovoltaic panel (5) with standard frame, in 4-b of a bi-glass photovoltaic panel (6) without a standard frame, in 4-c an aluminum frame (7) surrounding a solar glass (8) to reduce heat losses to the outside. Referring to FIG. 5, there is seen a version of the exchanger (1) which is said to be simple for purely thermal sensors with a circulation of coolant in channels (10) and inlets and outlets of this heat transfer fluid (11). ) and (12). In the lower part of the drawing we see a version of the same exchanger for photovoltaic panels, which requires leaving a passage (16) for the electrical connection box. A heat transfer fluid circulates in the channels (13) and outputs and inputs of this fluid (14) and (15) provide the connection to a hydraulic circuit. Referring to Figure 6, it describes two versions of the insulating plate (2) at the rear of the exchanger (1), which plate can be simply a foam insulation sprayed. In the version for photovoltaic panel is provided a cutout (19). FIG. 7 represents the thermal cut-out frame (3) in the form of solid or hollow profiles (20, 21) welded / glued with a reinforcing profile (22). Figure 8 shows the thin metal plate (4) formed by bending / stamping. The through holes (60, 61, 63) of the mounting screws of the module are visible on the roof frame. The same thin plate system (4) of the integration module is used for different types of solar panels fixed to the roof frame. FIG. 9 represents the metal sheet (4) with the supports (40, 41, 42, 43) whose surfaces a, b, c, and d are in contact with the framework of the roof in the same plane (46). , slightly inclined in the direction of the slope of the roof with respect to a plane (45) parallel to the surface (S). It also shows the openings (80, 81, 82, 83) that allow the passage to electrical wiring and hydraulic piping from one module to another and electrical and hydraulic circuits (not shown here). Figure 10 shows the details of the superposition of the profiles (101) of the channels (31) ensuring the continuity of the seal between the upper and lower integration modules in the direction of the slope of the roof.

Figure 11 shows the assembly on the frame of the roof of the metal sheets (4) of four modules in the transverse and longitudinal direction. The partial overlap of the metal sheets (4) ensure the waterproofing of the roof in the manner of conventional tiles. Figure 12 details the profiles (104) and (105) of the metal sheet (4) and their partial overlap which seals the roof. It also shows the deflection (50) which deflects rain water fallen on the surface (200) to the side channels (30) and (31). FIG. 13 shows the detail of the fastenings of the panels on the frame of the roof with the screw holes (60, 61), the joints (66), the spacer (69) and the fixing screws ( 70) not shown here.

Figure 14 details the fasteners in the channels (30) and (31) with the screw passages (62), the joints (67, 68) and the fastening screw (70) on the frame of the roof. FIG. 15 represents a type of complete solar module, here a hybrid photovoltaic panel capable of simultaneously producing hot water and electric current. Bonding (92) between the exchanger (1) and the photovoltaic panel ensures the heat transfer and mechanical strength of the entire solar module of this type. Figure 16 shows another type of solar module, here a pure thermal sensor without any cover. Watertight seals (90) and (91) are shown between parts (1), (3) and (4). FIG. 17 shows this pure thermal sensor in a view from above or the external surface (201) of the exchanger (1) can receive a black or black selective treatment for solar heating modules, or a white or selective treatment for modules the exposure of the roof to the night sky contributes. FIG. 18 is another purely thermal sensor system, for example with a black face (201), provided with an external glazing unit that ensures less thermal losses of the sensor towards the outside. This type of sensor is well suited for domestic hot water. FIG. 19 is an example of mounting hybrid photovoltaic solar panels on an insulating and structuring sandwich plate framework. We also see all the ancillary accessories of this roof such as banks, and gutters that adapt easily to this type of panels.

Figure 20 is an example of hybrid photovoltaic panels mounted on a frame in metal purlins. FIG. 21 is another example of a hybrid roof where hybrid photovoltaic panels and purely thermal panels have been mounted. The mounting system and the plates 4 of the modules are identical for these two types of solar panels.

Claims (11)

CLAIMS1) roof covering device having an integrated solar panel characterized in that it comprises a construction in two separate parts assembled, part A called "solar cover", and part B "integration module", and that it constitutes the completely integrated elements of a roof covering. 2) Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the part A, "solar cover", is either a photovoltaic panel with frame (5), only producer of electrical energy, or a photovoltaic panel bi-glass without frame (6). ), a flexible photovoltaic panel or a solar panel (8) and its frame. 3) Device according to claim 1 characterized in that the part B, "integration module" is constituted by a metal sheet (4) deformed by folding or stamping, a thermal break frame (3) and a flat heat exchanger (1), assembled into a single inseparable structure. 4) Device according to claims 1 and 3, characterized in that the metal sheet (4) comprises o supports (40, 41, 42, 43), the final surfaces (a, b, c, d) are in a same plane (45), which serve to stiffen this room and to be in contact with the frame of the roof. o Lateral channels (30, 31) in the direction of the slope of the roof that harvest and drain the rainwater to the gutters of the roof. o Lateral channels (30,31) of different shapes in such a way that they overlap each other during the assembly of the integration modules in order to ensure the watertightness of the roof and the continuity of the water flow. rain to the gutters. o Offset (50) to divert rainwater to side channels (30,31). o A system of perforated holes (60, 61, 63), seals (66, 67, 68) and support rings (69) in order to be able to fix the integration modules with screws (70) by means of screws (70). frame of the roof. 5) Device according to claims 1 to 4 characterized in that the metal sheet (4) is provided with openings (80, 81, 82, 83) for the passage of electrical cables and hydraulic piping. 9 3001988 6) Device according to claim 3, characterized in that the thermal cut-off frame (3) is made of assembled profiles (20, 21, 22), solid or hollow, of low heat conducting material such as wood, plastic or stainless steel. 7) Device according to claim 3, characterized in that the flat heat exchanger (1) can adapt to different types of solar panels: purely thermal solar collector without passage hole (16), or photovoltaic sensor provided with a through hole (16) to house the electrical connection box of this panel. 8) Device according to claims 1 to 7, characterized in that all the parts A and B once assembled on the same structure allows to obtain different types of solar panels namely: - Solar panels purely electricity producers - Solar panels simultaneously producing heat and electricity - Solar panels purely thermal capable of producing hot water at low and medium temperatures. - Solar panels purely thermal capable of cooling a heat transfer fluid. 9) Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the integration panel system is the sealed elements of a complete roof, the other elements ridge, gutter, adapting to the modules. 10) Building roofing characterized in that it comprises at least one roof covering device as claimed in one of claims 3 to 9. 11) Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the integration panel system is easily mounts by interlocking elements and is fixed to the frame by standard screws (70).