FR3071165A1 - COMBINED FIRE SAFETY SYSTEM FOR THE EARLY DETECTION OF SMOKE, GAS AND FIRE PROTECTION - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a fire safety device, comprising at least one flow interface connector that opens into the volume of the enclosure, smoke sampling means and / or gas in the volume of the enclosure, a centralized fire safety station comprising a tank of extinguishing agent, a smoke detector and a gas detector associated with the means for sampling smoke and / or gas, and means for injection under pressure of the extinguishing agent, fluid communication means extending between said flux interface connector and the centralized station characterized in that the fluidic communication means comprise a single pipe to ensure on the one hand the transfer of fluid between the sampling means of the fluid. smoke and / or gas in the volume of the enclosure and the smoke detector and the gas detector placed in the central fire safety station and on the other hand the transfer of agent fire extinguisher tank extinguisher to the flow interface connector.

Description

COMBINED FIRE SAFETY SYSTEM FOR DETECTION

EARLY SMOKE, GAS AND FIRE PROTECTION

GENERAL TECHNICAL AREA AND PRIOR ART

The invention relates generally to fire safety systems, and more specifically multi-point smoke detection and protection by extinguishing agent.

The invention advantageously finds application in modular environments, such as energy storage containers, envelopes of a steam or combustion turbine or even cabins of ships or submarines or long-haul bunkers and cargo planes. but also more common places such as electrical rooms, data centers, clean rooms, computer rooms or nuclear areas with regulated access, premises with strong electromagnetic influences.

A fire safety system conventionally comprises a fire detection device, a gas detection device, and a protection device using an extinguishing agent (water, inert or inhibiting gas, powder, etc.).

These different devices are conventionally installed independently by different suppliers, resulting in each of the devices using its own network of cables and conduits.

The various devices are conventionally linked and controlled by a fire central, generally installed as a priority and linked to the fire detection system.

The installation of the devices is therefore costly in time and in men, in addition to being bulky because of the need for each of the devices to benefit from its own network of pipes and electric cables.

In the case of modular environments, typically a network of containers, technical buildings or offices, a plurality of systems must be implemented so as to detect and protect the entire area concerned. Each of the systems must be connected to a secure power supply and also to a telecommunication device, itself connected to a central fire safety system.

Fire detection systems are conventionally installed in each module, their information being fed back to the central system by electrical or electromagnetic connection. This detection mode represents a major drawback in areas subject to strong electromagnetic fields, these fields being able to alter the operation of the device and reduce the reliability of the device.

In addition, the maintenance of these point detection devices is recurrent, which represents a disadvantage when they are installed in premises with restricted access.

OVERVIEW OF THE INVENTION

An object of the invention is to simplify the installation of fire safety devices (detection and protection) and to incidentally reduce the cost thereof.

Another object of the invention is to reduce the size of a fire protection device subject to fire detection.

Another object is to protect a modular environment without multiplying the detection, control and storage devices for extinguishing agent.

Another object of the invention is to reduce the incidence of electromagnetic fields on the performance of detection systems.

Another object of the invention is to reduce the maintenance operations in the modules when the system protects a modular environment.

According to one aspect, the invention provides a fire safety device for the volume of an enclosure, comprising o at least one flow interface connector which opens into the volume of the enclosure, o smoke sampling means and / or gas in the volume of the enclosure, o a central fire-fighting station comprising a tank of extinguishing agent, a smoke detector and a gas detector associated with the means for sampling smoke and / or gas, and means for injecting the extinguishing agent under pressure, o fluid communication means extending between said flow interface connector and the centralized station, characterized in that the fluid communication means comprise a single pipe for on the one hand, ensure the transfer of fluid between the means for sampling smoke and / or gas in the volume of the enclosure and the smoke detector and the gas detector placed in the centralized fire and on the other hand the transfer of extinguishing agent from the tank of extinguishant to the flow interface connector.

In this way, the number of pipes is reduced, the detection and protection operations being carried out by means of a single pipe.

This reduction in the number of pipes reduces the complexity, the duration and the installation costs of such devices.

The size of such a system is also greatly reduced.

A single system enables the detection and protection functions to be carried out.

The detection and control members are centralized and placed in a protected environment, thereby reducing the influence of electromagnetic fields on the performance of the detection device.

The number of organs present in the modules is limited thanks to the centralization of the detection elements, thus no longer requiring any means of communication between the decentralized detection elements and the security station. Maintenance operations are therefore reduced.

Such a fire safety device is advantageously supplemented by the following different characteristics taken alone or in combination:

- the centralized substation comprises at least two branches of pipes, a first branch comprising a non-return valve and a tank of extinguishing agent under pressure, a second branch comprising a bidirectional valve, the gas detector and the smoke detector, the bidirectional valve being configured to allow the circulation of fluid in both directions and block the circulation of fluid in one direction when the pressure of the latter exceeds a certain threshold;

- the flow interface connector comprises o a flow interface connector sprayer, o a fluidic sprayer adapter, connecting the sprayer to the pipe o the means for sampling smoke and or gas in the enclosure, these means comprising a flow selector linked to the sprayer fluid adapter or to the pipe, configured to allow the passage of fluids in both directions and alternatively block the passage of a fluid in one direction;

- The flow interface connector includes at least one obstruction element configured to obstruct the flow interface connector sprayer as long as certain physical quantities to which the obstruction element is subjected do not reach a certain threshold;

- The flow interface connector is direct and that the obstruction element comprises at least one plug or cap configured to be ejected by the pressure applied to them by the extinguishing agent when the latter is injected;

- The flow interface connector is automatic and that the obstruction element comprises at least one heat-sensitive bulb configured to burst and release the extinguishing agent when it is subjected to a predefined temperature;

- the flow selector includes:

o a front port and o a rear port placed in fluid communication by a front pipe and a rear pipe, the pipes opening into a central chamber, the central chamber comprising a valve connected to an elastic element bearing on a rear axial stop at the level of one of the ports, the elastic element exerting a return force tending to move the valve away from the opening at the level of which the elastic element is supported, the elastic element being configured to be compressed beyond a certain level of pressure exerted by a fluid on the valve in the direction of compression of the elastic element, causing the obstruction of one of the pipes by the valve and interrupting the passage of the fluid in the flow selector;

the flow selector comprises a front port in interface with the fluidic adapter of the flow interface connector or directly with the pipeline, a rear port in interface with the medium external to the device, the rear port comprising the rear axial stop allowing the elastic element to bear, the valve being thus configured to obstruct the flow selector when the pressure in the pipe exceeds a certain threshold;

- At least one flow selector includes a flow limiter configured so that an identical air flow is taken from each of the flow selectors during an air suction phase from the enclosure;

- the valve is cylindrical in shape, comprising:

o a side wall, o a bottom on which the elastic element is fixed, o a cylindrical blind cavity, o a plurality of lateral bores passing through its lateral wall and putting the blind cavity and the central chamber of the flow selector into fluid communication, the side wall of the valve cooperates with the front pipe, so that when the valve is in the open position the fluid can only pass through the side holes of the valve to flow from the rear opening to the front opening, and when the valve is in the closed position it obstructs the rear pipe of the flow selector so as to block the transfer of fluids between the front and rear ports and vice versa;

- the centralized station also comprises a secondary branch of pipes, this secondary branch of pipes comprising a quick connector configured to allow the injection of pressurized gas from outside the centralized station into the pipes, the non-return valve being configured to prevent a fluid from going up along the first main branch of pipes towards the tank of extinguishing agent;

- It includes a plurality of protection lines connected to the centralized station, a protection line comprising a single pipe on which are mounted a plurality of flow interface connectors.

According to a second aspect, the invention provides a modular environment equipped with such a fire safety device, the modular environment comprising a plurality of modules, each module comprising at least one flow interface connector, two interface connectors flow of the same module not belonging to the same protection line.

According to another aspect, the invention proposes a fire safety method for at least one enclosure by means of such a fire protection device, the method comprising at least two steps:

- a detection step, during which the fire safety device sucks in the air contained in the module through a selector of a flow from a flow interface connector, the air then being conveyed by the ducting to the smoke and gas detector in the centralized substation, the air being analyzed by the smoke and gas detector. In this step, a gas detection only triggers an alarm;

- a fire protection step, triggered by the detection of smoke in the air analyzed in the centralized station, during which the smoke detector causes the injection of an extinguishing agent into the pipeline, from the centralized station to to the flow interface connector.

PRESENTATION OF THE FIGURES

Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will emerge from the description which follows, which is purely illustrative and not limiting, and should be read with reference to the appended figures in which:

- Figure 1 is a schematic representation of a modular environment equipped with a fire safety system according to the invention;

- Figure 2 is a 3D representation of a flow interface connector according to the invention; more precisely FIG. 2a represents an automatic flow interface connector equipped with a thermosensitive closure element, FIG. 2b represents a direct flow interface connector equipped with a closure type of closure element;

- Figure 3 is a schematic sectional profile view of a flow selector according to the invention; more precisely, FIGS. 3A and 3B show the flow selector in the open position for detecting gas and smoke on the one hand, and on the other hand in the closed position for injecting an extinguishing agent;

- Figure 4 is a schematic representation of an installation according to the present invention illustrating internal organs of a centralized station according to the invention as well as pipes and flow interface connectors equipped with flow selectors according to the invention; more precisely FIG. 4a represents a first embodiment comprising a single smoke analysis line, FIG. 4b represents a second embodiment comprising two parallel smoke analysis lines;

- Figure 5 is a block diagram of a first embodiment of the invention; more precisely, FIG. 5a represents a flow interface connector in the aspiration phase, FIG. 5b represents a flow interface connector in the extinguishing agent blocking phase, and FIG. 5c represents a flow interface connector flow in fire protection phase;

- Figure 6 is a block diagram of a second embodiment of the invention; more particularly FIG. 6a represents a flow interface connector in the suction phase, and FIG. 6b represents a flow interface connector in the fire protection phase;

- Figure 7 is a block diagram of a second embodiment of the invention; more particularly FIG. 7a represents a flow interface connector in the suction phase, and FIG. 7b represents a flow interface connector in the fire protection phase;

- Figure 8 is a block diagram of a second embodiment of the invention; more particularly FIG. 8a represents a flow interface connector in the suction phase, and FIG. 8b represents a flow interface connector in the fire protection phase;

- Figure 9 is a sectional profile view of a flow selector according to the invention;

- Figure 10 is a sectional profile view of a flow selector according to the invention and highlights the mode of integration of an air capture nozzle;

- Figure 11 is a profile sectional diagram showing the method of assembling an air capture nozzle in a quick outlet; more precisely, FIG. 11a represents the quick grip in the disassembled position, FIG. 11b represents the quick grip in the engaged position and element not locked, and FIG. 11c represents the quick grip in the engaged position and locked element;

- Figure 12 is a representation of an embodiment of the invention when it is adapted to an installation comprising a false ceiling.

DESCRIPTION OF ONE OR MORE MODES OF IMPLEMENTATION AND IMPLEMENTATION

The embodiments below relate to the case of a fire safety device 1 for an enclosure of a modular environment, an example of which is shown in FIG. 1. The example is not intended to be in any way limiting, insofar as the fire safety device is suitable for any type of environment, modular or not.

The device comprises a centralized fire safety station 2 linked to one or more pipes 6, on which one or more flow interface connectors 7 are assembled.

The pipes 6 extend between the centralized fire safety station 2 and a purge box 8 making it possible to purge the pipe 6 which is linked to it.

The fire safety device 1 here being installed on a modular structure 9 (or modular environment) comprising a plurality of modules 10, each of the modules is equipped with one or more flow interface connectors 7.

Each of the pipes 6 extending from the centralized fire safety station 2 forms a protection line 11.

A protection line 11 includes a flow interface connector 7 in several modules 10.

For reasons of reliability of the fire safety device 1, each module can be equipped with several flow interface connectors 7 belonging to separate protection lines 11.

In this way, if one of the protection lines 11 fails, the security of the module 10 is always ensured by the flow interface connector 7 of another protection line 11.

For reasons of compactness of the device, in particular in order to avoid linking the centralized station to too many pipes 6, a protection line 11 includes a flow interface connector 7 in as many modules as possible.

In the illustrated embodiment, each module 10 comprises a flow interface connector 7 of each of the three protection lines

11.

The number of protection lines 11 can vary depending on the needs related to the environment.

Thus equipped, if an anomaly occurs in one of the modules 10, the gas or smoke rises along the pipes 6 to the centralized fire safety station 2. The appropriate detector causes the release of the extinguishing agent which is directed into the lines 6.

The gases and fumes in the pipes 6 will exit via the sprayers 12 from the activated flow interface connectors 7.

The extinguishing agent is then released in module 10 where the fault occurs, via the flow interface connectors 7 of this module 10.

With reference to FIG. 2a, a flow interface connector 7 comprises a sprayer 12, connected to the pipe 6 via a fluid adapter 13, the fluid adapter 13 extending coaxially to the sprayer 12.

The fluid adapter 13 comprises a generally hollow cylindrical body, an opening on its two ends and an opening located on its lateral surface. The lateral opening of the fluid adapter 13 makes it possible to cooperate with a flow selector 14 extending transversely projecting outside the fluid adapter 13.

The flow selector 14 comprises a generally cylindrical body 15, a front part 151 in interface with the fluid adapter 13 and a rear part 152 in interface with the external medium.

The flow interface connector 7 is considered automatic because in this embodiment it comprises a heat-sensitive bulb 301 which blocks the ejection of the extinguishing agent as long as it is not subjected to an adequate temperature.

With reference to FIG. 2b, the flow interface connector 7 is considered to be direct because it comprises a cap 303 ejected by the extinguishing agent when the latter is injected.

With reference to FIG. 3a, the front 16 and rear 17 faces of the flow selector 14 are put into fluid communication via two internal pipes, a front pipe 18 coming from the front face 16 and a rear pipe 19 coming from the rear face 17.

The front pipe 18 and the rear pipe 19 open into a cylindrical central chamber 20, forming an internal cavity in the flow selector 14.

The central chamber 20 has within it a generally cylindrical valve 21 comprising a blind cavity 22, also cylindrical, a side wall 23 and a bottom 24.

An elastic element 25, here a spring, is fixed to the bottom 24 of the valve, and exerts a restoring force tending to push the valve 21 towards the front pipe 18 of the flow selector 14 by bearing on a rear axial stop 26 produced in the rear pipe 19.

The bottom 24 of the valve 21 further comprises a centering element 241, ensuring the positioning of the elastic element 25 relative to the bottom 24 of the valve 21.

The side wall 23 of the valve 21 cooperates with the front pipe 18 of the flow selector 14, being partially inserted in the front pipe 18. A front axial stop 27 keeps the valve 21 in a first stable position, called open.

The side wall 23 of the valve 21 has lateral holes 28, making it possible to put the blind cavity 22 and the central chamber 20 in fluid communication when the valve 21 is in the open position in abutment against the front axial stop 27.

In this way, the front 18 and rear 19 pipes are in fluid communication when the valve 21 is in the open position.

The central cavity 20 further comprises a first body 201 and a second body 202, delimited by an annular projection forming a guide ring 203.

This guide ring 203 centers the valve 21 in the central cavity 20 and guides the valve 21 in translation in the central cavity 20.

The guide ring 203 also has holes 204, ensuring fluid communication between the first body 201 and the second body 202 of the central cavity 20.

In a current situation, the flow selector 14 is in the open position as illustrated in FIG. 3a. The environment is thus placed in fluid communication with the pipe 6 via the fluid adapter 13. The gaseous mixture of the environment thus passes through the flow selector 13 from the outside to go up the pipe 6 towards the centralized fire safety station 2 under the effect of a pressure differential.

When the pressure exerted against the valve 21 tends to compress the elastic element 25, the valve 21 moves until it reaches a second stable position, at least as long as the pressure level allows, this position being said to be closed.

In the closed position as illustrated in FIG. 3b, the bottom 24 of the valve 21 obstructs the rear pipe 19, being in contact with the mouth of the rear pipe 19 in the central chamber 20.

A sealing element 29, here an O-ring, is disposed around the periphery of the mouth of the rear pipe 19 in the central chamber 20, so as to improve the sealing of the closed position of the valve 21 by cooperating with that -this.

In this way, the fluid communication between the front 18 and rear 19 pipes of the flow selector 14 is interrupted when the valve 21 is in the closed position, that is to say when the pressure exerted on the valve 21 compresses the element. elastic 25 enough to obstruct the rear pipe 19.

To summarize, the flow selector 14 includes a front port 160 and a rear port 170 which open respectively on the front 16 and rear 17 faces and communicate via an internal cavity. The cavity is formed of three coaxial sections 18, 19 and 20 of different straight sections. The transition between the two sections 20 and 19 forms a recess 290 directed towards the front port 160, and which constitutes a valve seat cooperating with a shutter 21. The shutter 21 is placed in the section 20 of the larger section cavity . The shutter 21 is urged away from the seat 290 by an elastic member 25.

At rest, when the pressure applied to the port 160 is low, the elastic member 25 keeps the shutter 21 away from the seat 290. The flow selector 14 is open as illustrated in FIG. 3a. A flow of fluid can be sucked through the flow selector 14 to be directed to the detectors 4 and 5 as illustrated in FIG. 3a.

On the contrary, when the pressure applied to port 160 by the extinguishing agent creates on the shutter 21 a force greater than that exerted by the elastic member 25, the shutter 21 is pressed against the seat 290 and the flow selector 14 is closed as illustrated in FIG. 3b. The extinguishing agent present in line 6 can then exit via the outlet sprayer 12 from the flow interface connector 7.

Referring to Figure 4a, in a first embodiment the pipe 6 opens into the centralized fire safety station 2 on two branches of pipes.

A first branch of pipes 61 of the centralized fire safety station 2 comprises a bidirectional valve 31, a gas detection device 4 comprising a gas detector arranged in a sealed enclosure, and a smoke detection device 5.

The smoke detection device 5 comprises a suction device, and is located downstream, in the direction of flow of the gases during a suction phase, relative to the gas detection device 4.

The bidirectional valve 31 allows the passage of fluids from the pipes 6 to the detection devices as long as the pressure of the fluids is below a certain threshold.

In this way, the smoke and gas detectors 5 are exposed to the gas mixture coming from the modules 10 during the suction of the gases caused by the smoke detection device 5.

When the pressure entering the first pipe branch 61 exceeds a certain threshold, typically during the release of the extinguishing agent, the bidirectional valve 31 obstructs the first pipe branch 61 under the effect of the pressure of the extinguishing agent , and thus protects the gas 4 and smoke 5 detectors.

For optimum operation, balancing the upstream / downstream pressure of the suction smoke and / or gas detection devices 4 and 5 is desirable.

A reflux line 36 ensures a return of the sampling of air and / or gas sampled continuously, in the atmosphere of the medium where it was sampled, so as to balance the pressures upstream and downstream of the detection devices . A safety logic module 34 is connected to two solenoid valves

35a, 35b located on either side of the smoke 5 and gas 4 detection systems, making it possible to isolate the latter when the situation requires it.

When the smoke detector 5 confirms a smoke detection, the safety logic module 34 controls the solenoid valve 35a located upstream of the detection devices during aspiration.

The solenoid valve 35a therefore switches from the first branch of pipe 61 to a neutral intake pipe 37 fitted with a pressure-reducing member 39, here a diaphragm.

The air sucked in via the neutral intake pipe 37, coming from an environment external to the monitored enclosure, then passes through the smoke 5 and gas 4 detectors via an inter-detector pipe 40, to then be rejected outside the enclosure monitored via a secondary exhaust pipe 38.

A second branch of pipe 62 of the centralized fire safety station 2 comprises a non-return valve 33, and a tank of extinguishing agent under pressure 3.

The non-return valve 33 is configured to prevent the fluids coming from line 6 or from the first branch of line 61 from going up towards the tank 3 of extinguishing agent.

When the smoke detector 5 confirms a fire situation (alarm confirmation) it triggers the injection of the extinguishing agent, contained in the tank 3, in the protective lines 11.

The bidirectional valve 31 closes under the pressure of the extinguishing agent, thus preventing the extinguishing agent from going back up into the first pipe branch 61 of the centralized fire safety station 2 and damaging the smoke 5 and gas 4 detectors.

The extinguishing agent progresses to the flow interface connectors 7, the contained air being evacuated from these by the flow selectors 14. When the pressurized extinguishing agent arrives at the flow selector 14, it exerts pressure on the valve 21 which compresses the elastic element 25, the valve 21 passing in the closed position.

The extinguishing fluid can therefore only be ejected into the modules 10 through the sprayers 12.

With reference to FIG. 4b, a second embodiment comprises two first branches of pipes 61a, 61b, each being linked to two separate protection lines 11.

The protective lines 11 include elements similar to the first embodiment described above.

Each of the first two pipe branches 61a, 61b comprises, from upstream to downstream in the direction of gas flow during the suction phase, a bidirectional valve 31a, 31b, a quick connector 32 connected to the first pipe branches , a non-return valve 321a, 321b being located on each of the pipes connecting the first pipe branches 61a, 61b and the quick coupling 32, and a solenoid valve 35a located upstream of the smoke detector 5.

Each of the solenoid valves 35a makes it possible to swap the first branch of the pipe 61a, 61b on which it is located to a neutral intake pipe 37 fitted with a diaphragm 39.

In this embodiment, the smoke detector 5 has two inputs 501a, 501b each equipped with an independent detection module. Each of the first branches of pipes 61a, 61b is therefore analyzed independently by the smoke detector 5.

The samples from the first two branches of pipe 61a, 61b are communicated to the gas detector 4 through a single inter-detector pipe 40, the gas detector 4 then ejects them into the enclosure 10 via the reflux line 36.

Each of the first pipe branches 61a, 61b is linked to the second pipe branch 62 via a pipe comprising a non-return valve 33a, 33b.

This embodiment makes it possible to trigger the fire protection device on an action threshold or on an action threshold equation while increasing the covered area of the detection zone.

With reference to FIG. 5a, in the detection phase, the air from the monitored medium is sucked through the flow selector 14 and then conveyed to the centralized station via the pipes 6.

With reference to FIG. 5b, in the event of smoke detection, the extinguishing agent is injected into the pipes 6 and flows to the flow interface connectors 7.

The extinguishing agent under pressure remains blocked in the flow interface connectors 7 under the effect of obstruction of the sprayers 12 by heat-sensitive bulbs 301.

With reference to FIG. 5c, when the temperature in a module 10 reaches a critical threshold, for example under the effect of a fire, the heat-sensitive bulb 30 bursts and thus releases the extinguishing agent.

In this way, the extinguishing agent is not released in the modules 10 in which there is no fire.

In a variant shown in FIG. 6a, the obstruction element 30 comprises a plurality of plugs 302.

When gas or smoke is detected, the extinguishing agent is injected into the pipes 6.

With reference to FIG. 6b, the extinguishing agent under pressure expels the plugs 302 and is sprayed into the protected medium.

A link can link the plugs 302 to the sprayer 12 so as to reuse them after triggering of the system.

In a second variant shown in FIG. 7a, the obstruction element 30 comprises a cap 303 covering the sprayer 12.

With reference to FIG. 7b, the extinguishing agent under pressure ejects the cap 303 when it is injected into the pipes 6, thus being sprayed into the protected medium.

A link can link the cap 303 to the pipe 6, so as to reuse it after triggering of the system.

In a third variant shown in FIG. 8a, the fluid adapter 13 can consist of two assembled parts, making it possible to have an obstruction disc 304 between the two parts.

Referring to FIG. 8b, the injection of the extinguishing agent into the pipes 6 causes the obstruction discs 304 to rupture when the pressure is sufficient. The debris from the obstruction disc 304 remains trapped in the fluid adapter 13.

With reference to FIG. 9, the body 15 of the flow selector 14 may include a flow limiter 41.

The flow limiter 41 makes it possible to generate a singular pressure drop in the flow of fluid between the centralized fire safety station 2 and the monitored environment.

This pressure drop is configured to compensate for the regular pressure drops caused by the flow of the fluid in line 6.

When a pipe 6 comprises several flow interface connectors 7, and therefore several sampling points making it possible to monitor several disjointed enclosures or areas remote from the same enclosure, the various flow interface connectors 7 are located at different pipe distances from the central fire safety station 2.

These pipe distances generate regular pressure drops, and the differences in pipe distances cause disparities in these pressure drops.

Consequently, during a detection phase, the flow aspirated through the various flow interface connectors 7 would be different as a function of their distance from the centralized fire safety station 2.

In order to compensate for these disparities in pressure losses undergone by the flows from the various flow interface connectors 7 of a pipe 6, flow limiters can be located at the level of the flow selectors 14.

This makes it possible to draw the same flow rate at each flow interface connector 7, thus ensuring the same detection power at any point of the monitored enclosure or speakers.

The rear part 152 may include a rear connection element 42 comprising a threading portion for assembling it to the body 15 of the flow selector 14.

A positioning element 43 is located in this rear connection element 42 so as to position the flow limiter 41 in the rear connection element 42, the flow limiter 41 then being held in position when the element rear connection 42 is assembled to the body 15.

The front part 151 comprises an assembly element 44, in this specific case a threaded connection, configured to connect the body 15 of the flow selector 14 to the fluid adapter 13.

With reference to FIG. 10, the rear part 152 of the flow selector 14 may also include an air capture nozzle 45, assembled to the rear connection element 42 by a quick connector 46 at its end in interface with the environment monitored.

The air capture nozzle 45 may be straight or have an elbow oriented upwards or downwards.

The choice of the orientation of the air capture nozzle 45 depends on the configuration of the respective orientations of the air flows and of the flow selector 14.

For example, a flow selector 14 placed horizontally in an enclosure in which the air circulates by natural convection will include an air capture nozzle 45 bent and oriented downwards, so that the air naturally circulates towards the flow selector 14.

In another example, a flow selector 14, located in a ventilated environment in which the air moves in a given direction, will include an air capture nozzle 45 oriented so that its orifice is located facing the air flow direction.

With reference to FIG. 11 a, the quick connector 46 comprises a fixed element 47, a retractable element 48 and a movable obstacle 49.

The retractable element 48 cooperates with the fixed element 47 so as to move the movable obstacle 49 as a function of the position of the retractable element 48, making it possible to put and hold in position the air capture nozzle 45 relative to the fixed element 47.

The fixed element 47 comprises a front portion 50, a central portion 51, a rear portion 52, and a cavity 53 passing right through the fixed element.

The front portion 50 comprises assembly elements 54, for example a thread, so as to ensure its assembly with the rear connection element 42.

The rear portion 52 is generally cylindrical, and has a diameter less than the central portion 51.

The rear portion has holes configured to position the movable obstacle 49, allowing only a radial displacement of the latter.

The retractable element 48 extends concentrically with the rear portion 52 outside thereof.

The retractable element 48 has a cylindrical external profile, its internal profile comprising, from front to rear, a skirt 481, a shoulder 482, a narrow cylindrical surface 483, a conical portion 484, a wide cylindrical surface 485, and a stop 486.

An elastic element 55 is compressed between the central portion 51 of the fixed element 47 and the shoulder 482 of the retractable element 48, thereby opposing the forward movement of the retractable element 48.

The skirt 481 is configured to cover this elastic element 55 whatever the position of the retractable element 48 relative to the fixed element 47.

The narrow cylindrical surface 483, the conical portion 484 and the wide cylindrical surface 485 are configured to radially move the movable obstacle 49 when the retractable element 48 moves forward or backward.

The movable obstacle 49 may include a series of balls housed in the bores of the rear portion 52 of the fixed element 47.

With reference to FIG. 11b, during the forward movement of the retractable element 48, the movable obstacle 49 moves radially outward to be placed against the wide cylindrical surface 485.

The stop 486 limits the axial displacement towards the front of the retractable element 48 by coming into contact with the movable obstacle 49.

The movable obstacle 49 therefore has an internal diameter configured to allow the insertion or removal of the air capture nozzle 45 in the fixed element 47.

With reference to FIG. 11c, when the air capture nozzle 45 is in position in the fixed element 47, the elastic element 55 pushes the retractable element 48 backwards.

During the rearward movement of the retractable element 48, the conical portion 484 radially displaces the movable obstacle 49 inwards to place it against the narrow cylindrical surface 483.

The movable obstacle 49 cooperates with a groove 451 produced in the air capture nozzle 45 so as to assemble the fixed element 47 and the air capture nozzle 45.

With reference to FIG. 12, in the case of an installation configuration in which the sampling points are offset from the pipes 6, for example in the case of a false ceiling, the sprayer 12 of the flow interface connector 7 and the air capture nozzle 42 can be connected to the flow selector 14 via flexible hoses.

In particular, the sprayer 12 is connected to the flow interface connector 7 by means of a braided pipe 56 configured to resist high pressures.

The air capture nozzle 45 can be connected to the flow selector 14 via a flexible hose 57.

Operating modes

The fire safety device 1 described is implemented by a method comprising several operating modes.

Monitoring mode

A first mode, called Surveillance, controls the fire safety device 1 so as to draw air from the medium to be protected through the flow interface connectors 7 to the centralized fire safety station 2, via the pipes 6 .

The air samples are checked by the smoke detector 5 and the gas detector 4, then return to the medium through the reflux line 36.

During a smoke detection an alarm is triggered on a first threshold, the system continues to suck air from the environment to be protected.

When smoke detection on a threshold alarm (alarm confirmation) is triggered, the system goes into isolation mode.

Fire protection mode

When the alarm confirmation is triggered and the system is isolated, it goes into fire protection mode.

It emits an audible and visual evacuation alarm for a given period of time before activating the protection device releasing the extinguishing agent.

During the evacuation procedure, a step of isolating the gas 4 and smoke 5 detection devices is carried out, so as to avoid injecting pressurized extinguishing agent into it.

The safety logic module 34 controls the switching of the solenoid valves 35, breaking the fluid communication between the first branch of pipes 61 and the gas 4 and smoke 5 detectors.

The switching of the solenoid valves 35 places the gas 4 and smoke 5 detection devices in fluid communication with the neutral intake pipe 37 and the secondary exhaust pipe 38.

The extinguishing agent, for example a water / nitrogen mixture, circulates through the pipes 6 to the flow interface connectors 7. The flow selector 14 blocks the flow of the extinguishing agent via the port 170 au- above a pressure above a certain threshold, here being 8 bars and authorizes this flow via the sprayer 12.

Décolmataoe mode

In this mode, the step of isolating the gas and smoke detection devices is activated as soon as this mode is active.

This mode allows an operator to intervene manually to inject gas under pressure from a quick connector 32, located in the centralized fire safety station 2, via a pressure regulator with relief valve and non-return valve which authorizes the flow of the air fluid in one direction allowing, in the pipes 6 at a pressure lower than the threshold pressure of the flow selectors 14, so as to eject the dust and particles from the pipes 6.

The unclogging of the dust from the pipes 6 requires that the purge valves 8 be open.

The unclogging of the dust from the flow selectors 14 requires that the purge valves 8 be closed.

A non-return valve 33 prevents the flow under unclogging pressure from going back to the reservoir 3 of extinguishing agent.

The safety logic module 34 controls the closing of the solenoid valves 35 so as to isolate the gas 4 and smoke 5 detection systems and thus prevents the pressurized gas from rising in the detection systems.

The safety logic module 34 causes the solenoid valves 35 to switch and thus puts the gas 4 and smoke 5 detection systems in fluid communication with the neutral intake pipe 37 and the secondary exhaust pipe 38.

This mode notably makes it possible to clean the pipes 6 after activation of the fire protection mode, the waste being evacuated to the purge boxes 8.

The process implemented can be expressed in the form of steps.

A detection step, during which the fire safety device 1 sucks air contained in the module 10 through the flow selectors 14 of the flow interface connectors 7, the air then being routed through the pipes 6 to the smoke 5 and gas 4 detectors in the centralized fire safety station 2, the air being analyzed by the smoke 5 and gas 4 detectors.

A fire protection step, triggered by the detection of smoke in the air analyzed in the centralized fire safety station 2, during which the smoke detector (s) 5 cause (s) the injection of an extinguishing agent in the pipes 6, from the centralized fire safety station 2 to the flow interface connectors 7.

Claims (14)

1. Fire safety device (1) of the volume of an enclosure, comprising o at least one flow interface connector (7) which opens into the volume of the enclosure, o smoke sampling means and / or of gas in the enclosure volume, o a central fire safety station (2) comprising a tank of extinguishing agent, a smoke detector (5) and a gas detector (4) associated with the smoke sampling means and / or gas, and means for injecting the extinguishing agent under pressure, o fluid communication means extending between said flow interface connector (7) and the centralized station (2) characterized in that that the means for placing in fluid communication comprise a single pipe (6) to ensure on the one hand the transfer of fluid between the means for sampling smoke and / or gas in the volume of the enclosure and the smoke detector ( 5) and the gas detector (4) placed in the centralized safety post fire rity (2) and on the other hand the transfer of extinguishing agent from the extinguishing agent tank (3) to the flow interface connector (7). 2. Fire safety device (1) according to claim 1, wherein the centralized station (2) comprises at least two branches of pipes, a first branch (61) comprising a non-return valve (33) and a tank (3) d pressurized extinguishing agent, a second branch (62) comprising a bidirectional valve (31), the gas detector (4) and the smoke detector (5), the bidirectional valve (31) being configured to allow the circulation of fluid in both directions and block the flow of fluid in one direction when the pressure of the fluid exceeds a certain threshold. 3. Fire safety device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, in which the flow interface connector (7) comprises o a flow interface connector sprayer (12), o a sprayer fluid adapter (13), connecting the sprayer (12) to the pipe (6) o the means for sampling smoke and or gas in the enclosure, these means comprising a flow selector (14) linked to the fluid adapter (13 ) of sprayer or to the pipe (6), configured to allow the passage of fluids in both directions and alternatively block the passage of a fluid in one direction. 4. Fire safety device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, in which the flow interface connector (7) comprises at least one obstruction element (30) configured to obstruct the connector sprayer (12) flow interface (7) as long as certain physical quantities to which the obstruction element (30) is subjected do not reach a certain threshold. 5. Fire safety device (1) according to claim 4, in which the flow interface connector (7) is direct and that the obstruction element (30) comprises at least one plug (302) or a cap. (303) configured to be ejected by the pressure applied to them by the extinguishing agent when the latter is injected. 6. Fire safety device (1) according to claim 4, in which the flow interface connector (7) is automatic and that the obstruction element (30) comprises at least one heat-sensitive bulb (301) configured for burst and release the extinguishing agent when subjected to a predefined temperature. 7. Fire safety device (1) according to one of claims 3 to 6, in which the flow selector (14) comprises: a front port (160) and a rear port (170) placed in fluid communication by a front pipe (18) and a rear pipe (19), the pipes (18, 19) opening into a central chamber (20), the central chamber (20) comprising a valve (21) connected to an elastic element (25) bearing on a rear axial stop (26) at one of the ports (16, 17), the elastic element (25) exerting a return force tending to move the valve (21) away from the opening (16, 17) at which the elastic element (25) is supported, the elastic element (25) being configured to be compressed beyond a certain level of pressure exerted by a fluid on the valve (21) in the direction of compression of the elastic element (25), causing the obstruction of one of the pipes (18, 19) by the valve ( 21) and interrupting the passage of the fluid in the flow selector (14). 8. Fire safety device (1) according to claim 7, in which the flow selector (14) comprises a front port (160) in interface with Γ fluid adapter (13) of the flow interface connector (7) or directly with the pipe (6), a rear port (170) interfacing with the environment external to the device, the rear port (170) comprising the rear axial stop (26) allowing the elastic element (25) to bear , the valve (21) being thus configured to obstruct the flow selector (14) when the pressure in the pipe (6) exceeds a certain threshold. 9. Fire safety device (1) according to one of claims 3 to 8, in which at least one flow selector (14) comprises a » flow limiter (41) configured so that an identical air flow rate is taken from each of the flow selectors (14) during an air suction phase from the enclosure (10). 10. Fire safety device (1) according to one of claims 7 to 9, in which the valve (21) is of cylindrical shape, comprising: o a side wall (23), o a bottom (24) on which the elastic element (25) is fixed, o a blind cavity (22) , o a plurality of lateral bores (28) passing through its lateral wall (23) and putting in fluid communication the blind cavity (22) and the central chamber (20) of the flow selector (14), and in that the lateral wall (23) of the valve (21) cooperates with the front pipe (18), so that when the valve (21) is in the open position the fluid can only pass through the lateral holes (28) of the valve (21) to circulate from the rear opening (170) to the front opening (160), and when the valve (21) is in the closed position it obstructs the rear pipe (19) of the flow selector (14) so as to block the transfer of fluids between the front (160) and rear (170) ports and vice versa. 11. Fire safety device (1) according to one of claims 2 to 10, in which the centralized station (2) further comprises a secondary branch of pipes, this secondary branch of pipes comprising a quick connector (32) configured to allow the injection of pressurized gas from outside the centralized station (2 ) in the pipes (6), the non-return valve (31) being configured to prevent a fluid from going up along the first branch (61) of main pipes towards the tank (3) of extinguishing agent. 12. Fire safety device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, in which the device (1) comprises a plurality of protection lines (11) connected to the centralized station (2), a protection line (11) comprising a single pipe (6) on which are mounted a plurality of flow interface connectors (7). 13. Modular environment equipped with a fire safety device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, the modular environment comprising a plurality of modules (10), characterized in that each module (10) comprises at least one connector flow interface (7), and in that two flow interface connectors (7) of the same module (10) do not belong to the same protection line (11). 14. Fire safety method of at least one enclosure by means of a fire safety device (1) according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that it comprises at least two steps: - a detection step, during which the fire safety device (1) sucks air contained in the enclosure (10) through the flow selector (s) (14) of the flow interface connector (s) (7), the air then being conveyed by a pipe associated (6) to a smoke (5) and / or gas (4) detector in the centralized station (2), the air being analyzed there by the detector smoke (5) and / or gas (4); - a fire protection step, triggered by the detection of smoke in the air analyzed in the centralized station (2), during which the gas (4) and / or smoke (5) detector causes the injection an extinguishing agent in the pipeline (6), from the centralized station (2) to the flow interface connector (7).