FR3063872A1 - VEGETABLE PYRETHRE COMPOSITION FOR THE CONTROL OF HARMFUL ARTHROPODS - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a plant pyrethrum composition for the control of arthropod pests that are targets in a human and animal subject to be treated. Said composition comprises, as active agent, a synergistic mixture consisting of vegetable pyrethrum, a natural extract of margosa and an essential oil.

Description

® FRENCH REPUBLIC

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY © Publication number:

(to be used only for reproduction orders)

©) National registration number

063 872

00271

COURBEVOIE

©) Int Cl ⁸ : A 01 N 65/00 (2017.01), A 61 K36 / 28, 36/58, A 01 P 7/00, A 61 P 33/14

A1 PATENT APPLICATION

©) Date of filing: 03.15.17. ©) Applicant (s): AB7 INNOVATION Joint-stock company (30) Priority: simplified - FR. ©) Inventor (s): CHELLE RENE, HARRACA VINCENT and VILBERT ARNAUD. (43} Date of public availability of the request: 21.09.18 Bulletin 18/38. (56) List of documents cited in the report preliminary research: Refer to end of present booklet (© References to other national documents ©) Holder (s): AB7 INNOVATION Joint-stock company related: simplified. ©) Extension request (s): @) Agent (s): AB7 INNOVATION.

COMPOSITION WITH PLANT PYRETHRE FOR THE CONTROL OF HARMFUL ARTHROPODS.

The present invention relates to a composition with plant pyrethrum for the control of harmful arthropods which constitute targets in a human and animal subject to be treated. Said composition comprises, as active agent, a synergistic mixture consisting of vegetable pyrethrum, a natural margosa extract and an essential oil.

FR 3 063 872 - A1

The present invention is in the field of combating harmful arthropods. In particular, the invention relates to a composition, of natural origin, based on vegetable pyrethrum.

We know that pyrethrin is a natural insecticide molecule extracted from oleoresin plants, in particular chrysanthemum. This contact insecticide kills arthropods by causing a shock effect, by affecting the nervous system, even at very low doses. Unfortunately, on the one hand, when pyrethrin is included in a formulation, it is very quickly degraded by UV radiation and by microorganisms to such an extent that its action is weakened or even destroyed; on the other hand, it is not stable during storage. In order to overcome these problems of early degradation, there are commercially available substitution molecules of synthetic origin, derived from pyrethrins, belonging to the family of pyrethroids (examples: Permethrine, Fluomethrin, etc.), which have the capacity to resist UV attacks longer as well as other chemical and biological attacks. For a long time, it was necessary to protect the plant pyrethrum, in a composition, from UV degradation so that it can still bring its insecticidal action during its use. Likewise, it was also necessary to be able to stabilize the plant pyrethrum during its storage for a period of up to three years.

Neem oil and margosa extract are both made from the seed of the neem tree, also known as the neem tree. The difference between neem oil and margosa extract is in the extraction process used. Virgin neem oil is obtained by simple cold pressing of the seeds, while margosa extract is obtained in the laboratory, according to various extraction processes of a chemical nature. One or more active molecules can then be selected from the extract. The main active ingredients in margosa extract are fatty acids in the form of glycerides or free, as well as limonoids, such as nimbin, salannin and azadirachtin. It is known that margosa extract can be used to control many species of insects and arachnids, such as silverfish, flies, mosquitoes, ants, mites, etc. Margosa extract has a wide spectrum of action in arthropods thanks to the large number of active constituents that compose it; this then results in a reduction in the risk of developing addiction in said arthropods. In addition, depending on the dose and the ratios of the active constituents making up the margosa extract, it is possible to observe an effect ranging from the repulsion to the mortality of these different arthropods. Furthermore, the margosa extract has a long-term mode of action, that is to say that the insecticidal effect, on targeted arthropods, appears after a few hours. This mode of action with residual effect is very beneficial in the fight against certain arthropods for which, the shock effect only paralyzes them, without killing them.

It is known that many essential oils have a repulsive action, in particular against arthropods such as fleas, ticks, mosquitoes, flies, lice, etc.

It is also known that plant pyrethrum is mixed with other compounds in order to obtain a synergy of insecticidal action. On the one hand, the action of pyrethrin can be synergized by synthetic compounds such as piperonyl butoxide (PBO). Thus German patents No. 3717467 and No. 4421471 which describe insect repellent sprays comprising a mixture of pyrethrin extract, PBO, turpentine oil, lavender and lemongrass, confirm these synergistic effects. On the other hand, the action of pyrethrin can be synergized by natural compounds as described by American patent n ° 5679662 in connection with an insecticidal composition comprising plant pyrethrum in combination with azadirachtin, or pyrethrum with purified neem oil devoid of azadirachtin, to increase the insecticidal activity of pyrethrum. French Patent No. 2,447,681 describes an insecticidal composition comprising pyrethrin, lavender essential oil and lemongrass. International patent application No. 8505038 describes an insecticidal composition comprising plant pyrethrum, rotenone or both, and one or more components chosen from eucalyptus, rosemary, peppermint and boric acid. The French patent n ° 303l006 describes an insecticide composition comprising a plant extract of pyrethrum in the form of essential oil acting on the nervous system, a macerate containing formic acid (nettle extract), an asphyxiant agent in the form of oil vegetable combined with saponin to clog the pores of the epidermis and citrus essential oil to destroy the cuticle of the body of the insect.

In another register, to improve the insecticidal efficacy of plant pyrethrum, European patent n ° 102540 proposes the addition of benzyl alcohol such as thymol or eugenol, the proportion by weight of which (pyrethrum / alcohol) is between 50/1 and 10/1. Other natural compounds are also used for this purpose, in particular sesame oil (US4983591), salts of specific fatty acids (US4983591), triglycerides and chrysanthemum extract (EP0761097).

It is clear that it is sought by the prior art to obtain a composition, with exclusively insecticidal action, containing a vegetable pyrethrum. Currently, the state of the art mentions certain fatty acids, certain essential oils or even PBO, to improve the effectiveness of the insecticidal action of the plant pyrethrum formulated in a composition.

Therefore, a first object of the present invention is to provide a composition comprising plant pyrethrum whose repellent action against arthropods is not only improved and preserved, but also prolonged in time to ensure a residual or even insecticidal effect. Another object of the present invention is to provide a composition with plant pyrethrum capable of effectively repelling harmful arthropods, particularly ectoparasites, in a human and animal subject.

Another object of the present invention consists in providing a composition comprising plant pyrethrum capable of inducing a curative pesticidal effect when the subject is already infected with pests, as well as a preventive repellant effect to avoid re-infestation of a subject by said pests.

The term "harmful arthropods" means arachnids such as ticks, mites and insects such as flies, mosquitoes, fleas, bedbugs, lice, whatever their stage of development.

Pest control is understood to mean either repelling or killing them or both.

The term “active agent” is understood to mean the synergistic mixture of the active ingredients with repellent action and / or pesticide; said active agent can be associated with one or more appropriate formulation additives during the formulation of the composition.

The present invention therefore has as a first object a composition for the control of harmful arthropods which constitute targets capable of infesting a human or animal subject to be treated, composition containing an active agent whose diffusion ensures the control of said harmful arthropods , said composition comprising, in addition, a vehicle for topical application suitable for allowing distribution on at least part of the body of said subject to be treated, characterized in that the active agent consists of a synergistic mixture of plant pyrethrum, d natural extract of margosa and at least one essential oil.

According to one embodiment, the plant pyrethrum is chosen from Caucasian pyrethrum, Dalmatian pyrethrum, pesticidal chrysanthemum, natural pyrethrum and pyrethrin.

According to one embodiment, the essential oil is chosen from the group formed by cinnamon essential oil, spearmint essential oil, pennyroyal essential oil, field mint essential oil, lemon grass essential oil, cedar essential oil, lemongrass essential oil, eucalyptus essential oil, lavandin essential oil, lavender essential oil, palmarosa essential oil or the mixture of these.

According to a particularly preferred embodiment, the essential oil is lavender essential oil or lavender essential oil.

According to an alternative embodiment, the essential oil can be replaced, in equal proportion, by their majority active constituents. Said majority constituents can be terpene alcohols such as geraniol, linalol, p-menthane-diol, menthol, terpene esters, aldehydes.

Advantageously, the natural margosa extract can be substituted, in equal proportion, by neem oil or its major active constituents; the same is true for essential oil.

Surprisingly, the inventors have found that the combination of the three active ingredients that are vegetable pyrethrum, natural margosa extract and an essential oil constituting the active agent formulated in a composition makes it possible to obtain a synergistic effect on the effect sought against the species of harmful arthropods. By skillfully varying the ratio between these three ingredients, it is possible either to obtain a repellent action or a pesticidal action. In general, we can consider that a high level of pyrethrum and / or margosa gives a pesticidal effect to the composition while a high level of essential oil gives a repellent effect.

Advantageously, the active agent of the composition is formulated in liquid form.

According to one embodiment, the mass ratio of plant pyrethrum / natural margosa extract / essential oil in the active agent is between 1/1/1 and 1/1/10.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the composition comprises:

0.45 to 30% by weight of active agent consisting of a synergistic mixture of vegetable pyrethrum, natural margosa extract and an essential oil, at 99.55% by weight of vehicle for topical application, at 25 % by weight of formulation additives.

According to one embodiment, the appropriate amount of vegetable pyrethrum is between 0.15 and 10% by weight of the total weight of the composition.

According to one embodiment, the appropriate amount of the natural margosa extract or of neem oil is between 0.15 and 10% by weight of the total weight of the composition, preferably between 0.15 and 5%.

According to one embodiment, the appropriate amount of the essential oil is between 0.15 and 10% by weight of the total weight of the composition. The amount of the constituents of the essential oil is between 0.15 and 10% by weight of the composition.

Advantageously, the composition of the present invention, thanks to the active agent, has a preventive function coupled with a curative function for the control of harmful arthropods.

According to one embodiment, the topical application vehicle can be an equid, in particular water, a vegetable oil or a solid polymer matrix having been shaped, or in the form of a particulate powder or alternatively in the form of granules, the active agent being incorporated into said polymer matrix.

The composition may contain appropriate formulation additives depending on the state of the topical appeCation vehicle used. Indeed, E is possible to incorporate the active agent within the topical appEcation vehicle in the absence of formulation additive.

When the topical application vehicle is an Equide or a semi-Equide, the active agent is formulated as a lotion, spray, emulsion, suspension, Equide concentrate, emulsifiable concentrate, cream, foam, gel , ointment, paste.

When the topical application vehicle is a solid or non-biodegradable polymer matrix, the active agent is incorporated therein, in combination or not with one or more formulation additives.

In a first variant of this embodiment, the biodegradable polymers are chosen from the group formed by polymers of plant origin (agropolymers) based on polysaccharides, starch, ceEuloses and its derivatives, proteins; biopolyesters of the family of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), polylactides (PLA), polycaprolactones (PCL), polyesteramides (PEA), aEphatic copolyesters (PBSA), aromatic copolyesters (PTAT).

In a second variant of this embodiment, said synthetic thermoplastic polymer matrix consists of a copolymer of ethylene and vinyl acetate (EVA), the vinyl acetate content of which is between 15 and 60% by weight.

In a third variant of this embodiment, the synthetic thermoplastic polymer matrix is chosen from the group formed by thermoplastic elastomers (TPE) such as copolyamides and polyamides (PA) of absorbent grades, block amide polyethers of absorbent grades, polyethylene grafted starch, polyvinyl chloride; vulcanized thermoplastics; thermoplastic polyurethanes based on esters or ethers; styrenic polymers such as SIS, SEBS or a mixture of all these polymers.

In a fourth variant of this embodiment, the soda polymer matrix is a particulate powder of mineral or synthetic origin.

In the case of a thermoplastic polymer matrix, said matrix is formed by plastics processing techniques well known to those skilled in the art, namely by extrusion, by injection molding, by coating or by thermopressing.

In a fifth variant of this embodiment, the polymer matrix is a thermoset which is a crosslinked polyurethane based on isocyanate and polyols or a polyurea based on isocyanate and polyamine. The crosslinked polyurethane is obtained from a liquid or made liquid polyol resin and a liquid or made liquid isocyanate and then formed by casting. Crosslinked polyurea is obtained from a liquid polyamine resin or made liquid and a liquid isocyanate or made liquid and then shaped by casting. The isocyanate is chosen from the group formed by isocyanates with at least 2 functionalities, of aromatic or aliphatic structure. These include TDI (toluene diisocyanate), HDI (hexamethylene diisocyanate), MDI (diphenylmethylene diisocyanate), H12MDI (dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate), IPDI (isophorone diisocyanate), NDI (naphthalene diisocyanate), TODI ), PPDI (para-phenylene diisocyanate) and their prepolymers.

The polyol resin is chosen from that having at least 2 hydroxyl functionalities, long chain or short chain, based on polyesters, polyethers, polythioethers, polyacetals, polycarbonates, polyesteramides, naturally hydroxylated or modified vegetable oils or the mixture of these. Polyamines are those having at least 2 amine functionalities, chosen from polyetheramines, aliphatic or aromatic.

The nature of said additives for formulating the composition is chosen as a function of the final dosage form (eg cream, lotion, gel, etc.) or as a solid polymer matrix (eg necklace, bracelet, patch, medallion, etc.).

The formulation additives which can be chosen from water, vegetable oils, a surfactant, an emulsifier, an antioxidant, a stabilizer, a thickener, a foaming agent, a film-forming agent, a preservative, an anti-UV agent, inert fillers of mineral origin in powder form, a gelling agent, a colorant, a synthetic or natural origin perfume or a mixture of these.

The present invention has, a second object, a method for the control of harmful arthropods which constitute targets capable of infesting a human or animal subject to be treated, by means of the above-mentioned composition, characterized in that the said composition is applied on at least a part of the body of said subject to be treated to ensure diffusion of the active agent.

The examples below are provided to illustrate the composition according to the present invention, without limiting its scope.

Example 1: Composition containing an active agent in accordance with the invention for the control of fleas and ticks in a pet.

Ingredients Function Active ingredient ratio Quantity (%) Plant pyrethrum active 1 0.4 Lavender essential oil active 3.75 1.5 Natural margosa extract active 3.75 1.5 Perfume additive 1.1 Coconut oil vehicle 95.5

Table 1: formulation of a flea and anti-tick repellent lotion composition

Ingredients Function Active ingredient ratio Quantity (%) Plant pyrethrum active 1 0.8 Natural margosa extract active 1.88 1.5 Lavender essential oil active 1.88 1.5 Coconut oil additive 6.2 EVA copolymer vehicle 90

Table 2: formulation of a flea and anti-tick repellent composition whose vehicle is an EVA matrix

The tests were carried out in accordance with the recommendations of the European Union on biocidal products (EC 2012).

Test on chips:

For this experiment, adult fleas of both sexes mixed Ctenocephalid.es felis (Bouché,

1835) (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae) are used. The study was carried out in a four-input olfactometer described by Vet et al. (1983). This type of device makes it possible to strictly assess the repellant effect of the odor of a product (PT19 of the biocidal regulation), without direct contact with it to avoid biases linked to a possible toxicity (PT18 of the regulation biocide). This in vitro test is a viable method for limiting product testing on animals as recommended by European Directive 2010/63 / EU.

To do this, in each arm, the air bubbles through the pot filled with distilled water to be humidified, then transits via the pot containing the composition to be tested or the control before entering the olfactometer at the center of which it is sucked. Four distinct odor zones are created inside the olfactometer, corresponding to the four arms of the olfactometer. About 20 chips are inserted in the center of the olfactometer, then every 30 seconds for 20 minutes, the number of chips present in each arm is counted. The cumulative total number of chips for each of the two odors (lotion in Table 1 and control) makes it possible to calculate a behavioral index according to the formula 1 - (Î-C) / (T + C) with T the cumulative total number of chips in the two arms containing the test odor and C the cumulative total number of chips in the two arms containing the control odor. This index varies from -1 (repellent) to +7 (attractive). The validity of the behavioral effect is statistically verified by a Mann-Whitney test using software R. The manipulation is repeated six times by alternating the positions of the test pots and controls in order to cover all six different possible combinations.

Result on the chips: (n = 6 replicas)

I medium I standard deviation Composition in table 1 -0.373 ± 0.110

Table 3: result on the repellency of the lotion in table 1 against fleas

With each replica, the measured behavioral index was less than 0, giving an average index significantly lower than this threshold value. The chips thus significantly avoid the arms of the olfactometer containing the lotion (Table 3; Wilcoxon test, W = 0, y> <0.01).

It can be considered that the synergistic association of the ingredients of the active agent constituted by the plant pyrethrum, the margosa extract and the lavender essential oil of the composition of the present invention formulated as a lotion significantly repels fleas.

Tick test:

For this experiment, stage IV nymphs Ixodes ricinus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Acari: Ixodidae) are used. The study was conducted according to the protocol inspired by the publication of Dautel et al. (1999). To do this, a filter paper with or without the lotion to be tested (table 1: approximately 0.1 mL) is fixed on a balloon filled with hot water. A rod is placed horizontally about 1 to 2 mm in front of the filter paper and a tick is placed about 2 cm from its end. Three behavioral stages are then noted: the tick walks to the end of the stem (wallè), hangs on the filter paper (cling) and moves on the filter paper without dropping (stay). Twelve replicas are performed for the control and the lotion recorded in Table 1. For each behavioral response, the statistical Chi-square test is applied via the R software, in order to compare the significance of the responses between the test and the control and thus evaluate statistically the repellent efficacy of the composition according to the invention.

Result on ticks: (n — 12 replicas)

Behavioral step start walk cling stay 100 100 83.3 75 Control ns ns ** * Chi square test (ns = not significant, * = /> <0.05 and ** = p <0.01) 100 100 16.7 16.7 Composition in pipette (table 1)

Table 4: result on the repellency of the lotion composition against ticks

The composition according to the present invention formulated as a lotion demonstrated good repellency against ticks, the grip (cling and stay) on the stimulus in the presence of the lotion in pipette being significantly reduced compared to the control (Table 4 ; Chi square test, /> <0.01).

In conclusion, under the conditions of this experiment, with the samples tested and the methodologies used, the composition according to the present invention demonstrated a good repellent action against fleas and ticks.

Example 2: Repellency test against fleas and ticks of each of the ingredients of the active agent dissolved in a vegetable oil.

Test on chips:

The protocol described in Example 1 was also used in the present example to test the effect of each of the active ingredients on the chips.

Tick test:

The evaluation test was carried out in accordance with the protocol described by Krôber et al., (2013). To summarize the method, approximately 0.1 mL of solution (active ingredient dissolved in vegetable oil) to be tested is applied to a circle (diameter 13 cm) drawn on a tilted and heated glass plate. After 15 minutes, two ticks tested simultaneously are placed on an aluminum disc (diameter 3 cm) positioned in the center of the treated area. The behavior of each tick is then observed: if it moves up the glass plate, the solution is considered to be ineffective whereas if it drops or goes down the glass plate, the solution is considered to be repellent. Twelve replicas for each solution and the control are carried out and the average percentage of effective repulsion is then calculated.

Result on ticks: (n = 12 replicas)

Table 5 below shows the results summarizing the repellency activity, against ticks, of each of the ingredients of the active agent of the composition of the present invention in solution.

Ingredients Response rate if we (%) Concentration of active ingredient in vegetable oil 1% 0.1% 0.0001% Control (vegetable oil only) 9 Plant pyrethrum 100 100 83 Lavender essential oil 33 17 Lavender essential oil 92 42 Natural margosa extract 17

Table 5: Percentage of ticks affected by different concentrations of active ingredient ingredients

Result on the chips: (n = 6 replicas)

Table 6 below summarizes the level of repellency, towards fleas, of each of the ingredients of the active agent diluted to 5% in the same vegetable oil mentioned in Table 5.

Ingredients I medium ± 1 standard deviation Control (vegetable oil only) 0.016 0.015 Lavender essential oil -0.567 0.054 Plant pyrethrum 0.113 0.132 Natural margosa extract -0.203 0.156

Table 6: Behavioral index (I) measured on chips facing the atmospheric diffusion of the different ingredients of the active agent, diluted to 5% in vegetable oil.

In conclusion, under the conditions of this experiment, with the samples tested and the methodologies used, it is observed that the 0.1% vegetable pyrethrum induces 100% repellent effect against ticks (Table 5); while at a much higher amount of 5%, it has no repellent effect on fleas (Table 6). On the other hand, the essential oil of lavandin which gives poor repellency results on ticks at 1% (Table 5) gives very good repellency results on fleas at 5% (Table 6; Wilcoxon test, W = 0, jô <0.01).

Example 3: Insecticidal effect of each of the ingredients of the active agent of the composition on the 10 fleas.

The study of the evaluation of the insecticidal effect is carried out according to a protocol based on the recommendations of the biocidal regulation PT18 (EC 2012) and the World Health Organization (WHO, 1981). Three groups of male fleas and three groups of female fleas were tested for each product and the mortality was checked at 24 hours, as claimed by biocidal regulations (EC 2012).

The ingredients of the active agent tested, for a volume of 500 pL each, are vegetable pyrethrum, essential oil of lavandin, margosa extract and a lotion containing a mixture of 2.1 pL of vegetable pyrethrum, 7 , 7 pL of lavender essential oil, 7.7 pL of margosa extract and 482.5 pL of vegetable oil, for a total volume of 500 pL.

at 24 h at 96 H females males average females males average Control 92% 92% 92% 74% 79% 76% Lavender essential oil 4% 11% 8% 0% 0% 0% Margosa extract 12% 23% 18% 2% 0% 1% Plant pyrethrum 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% Lotion 26% 14% 10% 0% 0% 0%

Table 7: Percentage of fleas surviving after 24 hours and 96 hours of exposure.

The insecticidal effect of each ingredient in the active ingredient does not appear to be related to the gender of the fleas. While 92% + 1.2% of fleas survive after 24 hours (control), we observe that less than 20% survive in the presence of one of the three ingredients of the active agent or lotion which is 25 times less concentrated as an active agent.

H

Claims (17)

1. Composition for the control of harmful arthropods which constitute targets capable of infesting a human or animal subject to be treated, composition containing an active agent, the diffusion of which ensures the control of said harmful arthropods, said composition further comprising a vehicle for topical application suitable for allowing distribution over at least a part of the body of said subject to be treated, characterized in that the active agent consists of a synergistic mixture of plant pyrethrum, natural margosa extract and at least one Essential oil. 2. Composition according to Claim 1, characterized in that the plant pyrethrum is chosen from Caucasian pyrethrum, Dalmatian pyrethrum, pesticidal chrysanthemum, natural pyrethrum and pyrethrin. 3. Composition according to claim 1, characterized in that the essential oil is chosen from the group formed by cinnamon essential oil, spearmint essential oil, pennyroyal essential oil, essential oil of field mint, lemon grass essential oil, cedar essential oil, lemongrass essential oil, eucalyptus essential oil, lavandin essential oil, lavender essential oil, l essential oil of palmarosa or a mixture thereof. 4. Composition according to one of claims 1 and 3, characterized in that the essential oil is lavender essential oil or lavender essential oil. 5. Composition according to claim 1, characterized in that the natural margosa extract can be substituted, in equal proportion, by neem oil or its majority active constituents. 6. Composition according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the mass ratio of plant pyrethrum / natural extract of margos ^ / essential oil in the active agent is between 1/1/1 and 1/1/10 . 7. Composition according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that it comprises: 0.45 to 30% by weight of active agent consisting of a synergistic mixture of vegetable pyrethrum, natural margosa extract and an essential oil, 45 to 99.55% by weight of vehicle for topical application, 0 to 25% by weight of formulation additives. 8. Composition according to one of claims 1, 2, 6 and 7, characterized in that the appropriate amount of vegetable pyrethrum is between 0.15 and 10% by weight of the total weight of the composition. 12. 9. Composition according to one of claims 1, 5, 6 and 7, characterized in that the appropriate amount of the natural margosa extract or neem oil is between 0.15 and 10% by weight of the total weight of the composition, preferably between 0.15 and 5%. 10. Composition according to one of claims 1, 3, 4, 6 and 7, characterized in that the appropriate amount of the essential oil is between 0.15 and 10% by weight of the total weight of the composition. 11. Composition according to one of claims 1 or 7, characterized in that the vehicle for topical application is a liquid or a semi-liquid in which the active agent is formulated as a lotion, spray, emulsion, suspension, liquid concentrate, emulsifiable concentrate, cream, foam, gel, ointment, paste. 12. Composition according to one of claims 1, 7 to 10, characterized in that the topical application vehicle is a solid matrix of biodegradable polymers chosen from the group formed by polymers of plant origin (agropolymers) based on polysaccharides, starch, celluloses and its derivatives, proteins; biopolyesters of the family of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), polylactides (PLA), polycaprolactones (PCL), polyesteramides (PEA), aliphatic copolyesters (PBSA), aromatic copolyesters (PTAT). 13. Composition according to one of claims 1, 7 to 10, characterized in that the vehicle for topical application is a solid matrix of synthetic thermoplastic polymer consisting of a copolymer of ethylene and vinyl acetate, the vinyl acetate content is between 15 and 60% by weight. 14. Composition according to one of claims 1, 7 to 10, characterized in that the topical application vehicle is a solid matrix of synthetic thermoplastic polymers chosen from the group formed by thermoplastic elastomers (TPE) such as copolyamides and absorbent grade polyamides (PA), absorbent grade polyamide block amides, starch grafted polyethylenes, polyvinyl chlorides; vulcanized thermoplastics; thermoplastic polyurethanes based on esters or ethers; styrenic polymers such as SIS, SEBS or a mixture of all these polymers 15. Composition according to one of claims 1, 7 to 10, characterized in that the solid polymer matrix is a particulate powder of mineral or synthetic origin. 16. Composition according to one of claims 1, 7 to 10, characterized in that the polymer matrix is a thermoset made of cast polyurethane based on isocyanate and polyols or a polyurea based on isocyanate and polyamine. iâ 17. Method for the control of harmful arthropods which constitute targets capable of infesting a human or animal subject to be treated, by means of a composition according to one of claims 1 to 16, characterized in that the said application is applied composition on at least a part of the body of said subject to be treated to ensure diffusion of the active agent. 1. Composition for the control of harmful arthropods which constitute targets capable of infesting a human or animal subject to be treated, composition containing an active agent, the diffusion of which ensures the control of said harmful arthropods, said composition further comprising a vehicle for topical application suitable for allowing distribution over at least a part of the body of said subject to be treated, characterized in that the active agent consists of a synergistic mixture of plant pyrethrum, natural margosa extract and at least one Essential oil. 2. Composition according to Claim 1, characterized in that the plant pyrethrum is chosen from Caucasian pyrethrum, Dalmatian pyrethrum, pesticidal chrysanthemum, natural pyrethrum and pyrethrin. 3. Composition according to claim 1, characterized in that the essential oil is chosen from the group formed by cinnamon essential oil, spearmint essential oil, pennyroyal essential oil, essential oil of field mint, lemon grass essential oil, cedar essential oil, lemongrass essential oil, eucalyptus essential oil, lavandin essential oil, lavender essential oil, l essential oil of palmarosa or a mixture thereof. 4. Composition according to one of claims 1 and 3, characterized in that the essential oil is lavender essential oil or lavender essential oil. 5. Composition according to claim 1, characterized in that the natural margosa extract can be substituted, in equal proportion, by neem oil or its majority active constituents. 6. Composition according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the mass ratio of plant pyrethrum / natural margosa extract / essential oil in the active agent is between 1/1/1 and 1/1/10. 7. Composition according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that it comprises: 0.45 to 30% by weight of active agent consisting of a synergistic mixture of vegetable pyrethrum, natural margosa extract and an essential oil, 45 to 99.55% by weight of vehicle for topical application, 0 to 25% by weight of formulation additives. 8. Composition according to one of claims 1, 2, 6 and 7, characterized in that the appropriate amount of vegetable pyrethrum is between 0.15 and 10% by weight of the total weight of the composition. 9. Composition according to one of claims 1, 5, 6 and 7, characterized in that the appropriate amount of the natural margosa extract or neem oil is between 0.15 and 10% by weight of the total weight of the composition, preferably between 0.15 and 5%. 10. Composition according to one of claims 1, 3, 4, 6 and 7, characterized in that the appropriate amount of the essential oil is between 0.15 and 10% by weight of the total weight of the composition. 11. Composition according to one of claims 1 or 7, characterized in that the vehicle for topical application is a liquid or a semi-liquid in which the active agent is formulated as a lotion, spray, emulsion, suspension, liquid concentrate, emulsifiable concentrate, cream, foam, gel, ointment, paste. 12. Composition according to one of claims 1, 7 to 10, characterized in that the topical application vehicle is a solid matrix of biodegradable polymers chosen from the group formed by polymers of plant origin (agropolymers) based on polysaccharides, starch, celluloses and its derivatives, proteins; biopolyesters of the family of polybydroxyalkanoates (PHA), polylactides (PLA), polycaprolactones (PCL), polyesteramides (PEA), aliphatic copolyesters (PBSA), aromatic copolyesters (ΡΤΑΊ). 13. Composition according to one of claims 1, 7 to 10, characterized in that the vehicle for topical application is a solid matrix of synthetic thermoplastic polymer consisting of a copolymer of ethylene and vinyl acetate, the vinyl acetate content is between 15 and 60% by weight. 14. Composition according to one of claims 1, 7 to 10, characterized in that the topical application vehicle is a solid matrix of synthetic thermoplastic polymers chosen from the group formed by thermoplastic elastomers (TPE) such as copolyamides and absorbent grade polyamides (PA), absorbent grade polyamide block amides, starch grafted polyethylenes, polyvinyl chlorides; vulcanized thermoplastics; thermoplastic polyurethanes based on esters or ethers; styrenic polymers such as SIS, SEBS or a mixture of all these polymers 15. Composition according to one of claims 7, 13 and 14, characterized in that the solid polymer matrix is a particulate powder of mineral or synthetic origin. 16. Composition according to claim 7, characterized in that the polymer matrix is a thermoset made of cast polyurethane based on isocyanate and polyols or a polyurea based on isocyanate and polyamine. 17. Composition according to one of claims 1 to 16, for the treatment of harmful arthropods which constitute targets capable of infesting a human or animal subject, characterized in that said composition is applied to at least one part of the body said subject to ensure dissemination of the active agent.