FR3056285A1 - RADIATION AND CONVICTIVE ELECTRICAL HEATING DEVICE - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to an electric heating device (1) comprising: - a first glass or glass-ceramic substrate (3) provided on one of its faces with a Joule heating element (4), a support wall ( 2) adapted to carry the first substrate (3) while providing a space between said first substrate (3) and the support wall (2), the heating element (4) being arranged on the face of the first substrate (3) disposed opposite the support wall (2), and - a second substrate (5) glass or glass-ceramic, devoid of heating element by Joule effect, the second substrate (5) forming the front of the device and being arranged at the opposite the support wall (2) with respect to the first substrate (2) and away from the first substrate (3).

Description

© Publication number: 3,056,285 (to be used only for reproduction orders)

©) National registration number: 16 58830 ® FRENCH REPUBLIC

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY

COURBEVOIE © IntCI ⁸

F24 C 7/04 (2017.01), H 05 B 3/84, 3/26

A1 PATENT APPLICATION

©) Date of filing: 20.09.16. © Applicant (s): SAINT-GOBAIN GLASS FRANCE (30) Priority: Public limited company - FR. @ Inventor (s): BARLET MARINA, WOLFF RICHARD and JONVILLE EDOUARD. (43) Date of public availability of the request: 23.03.18 Bulletin 18/12. ©) List of documents cited in the report preliminary research: Refer to end of present booklet (© References to other national documents ® Holder (s): SAINT-GOBAIN GLASS FRANCE related: Anonimous society. ©) Extension request (s): © Agent (s): SAINT GOBAIN RESEARCH Anonimous society.

RADIATIVE AND CONVECTIVE ELECTRIC HEATING DEVICE.

FR 3 056 285 - A1

The invention relates to an electric heating device (1) comprising:

- A first glass or glass-ceramic substrate (3) provided on one of its faces with a Joule effect heating element (4), a support wall (2) capable of carrying the first substrate (3) while sparing a space between said first substrate (3) and the support wall (2), the heating element (4) being arranged on the face of the first substrate (3) disposed opposite the support wall (2), and

- a second substrate (5) made of glass or glass-ceramic, devoid of Joule heating element, the second substrate (5) forming the front of the device and being arranged opposite the support wall (2) relative to the first substrate (2) and at a distance from the first substrate (3).

RADIATIVE AND CONVECTIVE ELECTRIC HEATING DEVICE

The invention relates to an electric heating device providing energy dissipation at least by radiation and convection, comprising at least one glass or glass-ceramic wall constituting a heating body.

The invention will be more particularly described with regard to an electric heating device for a home.

Increasingly, glass is used as a heating medium. Radiant panels or heating bodies thus consist of glass substrates provided on one of their faces, with an electroconductive coating of the thin layer (nanometric) type of metal oxides or of a film with heating resistance.

To combine radiation and convection heating, a heating system proposed from a heated glass wall includes a metal grid with honeycomb holes which is arranged at a distance from the glass wall. The power is mainly dissipated by radiation, while a part is dissipated by convection due to the air confined between the glass wall and the metal grid.

However, such a device has no inertia: when the heating is stopped, the glass cools and the radiation ceases. In addition, this device is unattractive due to the metal grid located on the front.

The invention therefore aims to provide a heating device whose heating body consists of a glass substrate coated with an electrical resistance, which does not have the drawbacks of the prior art, and provides heating by radiation and convection while having thermal inertia.

According to the invention, the electric heating device for electric heating comprises a first glass or glass-ceramic substrate provided on one of its faces with a heating element by Joule effect (the substrate constituting as such a heating body) , a support wall capable of carrying the first substrate while providing a space between said first substrate and the support wall, the heating element being arranged on the face of the first substrate arranged opposite the support wall, and a second glass or glass-ceramic substrate, devoid of Joule heating element, the second substrate forming the front of the device and being arranged opposite the support wall and at a distance from the first substrate.

The second glass substrate is completely electrically insulating.

Thus, the heating device provides heating not only by radiation (from the first substrate and through the second substrate) and convection (distance between the wall and the first glass substrate and between the two glass substrates) but also has thermal inertia, the second glass facade substrate storing energy which is redistributed when the radiator is switched off. In addition, the facade glass structure is insulating and therefore forms a screen to the substrate provided with the heating resistance, preventing any access to the heating body. Finally, this facade glass substrate brings aesthetics to the radiator by the very nature of the material, the glass, and by the shaping and design that can be applied to it, such as screen-printed patterns, colored glass, etc. .

Consequently, the heating device is radiative, convective and with thermal inertia.

In addition, the spaces between the support wall and the first glass substrate as well as between the two glass substrates make it possible to dissipate more energy without exceeding the temperature values defined by the standards such as the standard NF EN60335-1 with regard to allowable surface temperature limits for a heating body.

In the following description, the terms "external" and "internal" are understood to mean elements situated respectively on the outside and inside of the device.

In the following description, the terms "horizontal", "vertical", "upper", "lower", "high", "low" are understood to qualify elements in the context of a normal installation of the device attached to a wall.

According to one characteristic, the second substrate has a thickness greater than that of the first glass substrate, in particular between 5 and 15 mm, such as 6, 8 or 12 mm.

Advantageously, the first and second substrates are parallel and are spaced by a distance of between 10 and 20 mm, such as on the order of 15 mm.

The space between the support wall (face of the wall parallel to the substrate) and the first substrate is preferably between 5 and 40 mm, in particular of the order of 15 mm.

According to another characteristic, the support wall has on its periphery four peripheral edges which advance to the second substrate, perpendicularly or inclined with respect to the general plane of the support wall, and which covers the space between the first and second glass substrates.

According to another characteristic, the upper peripheral edge has a multitude of holes and the lower peripheral edge has an opening or orifices so that the air entering through the opening or orifices of the lower peripheral edge passes between the first and second substrates and heats in the vicinity of the first substrate, and rises to escape through the multitude of holes in the upper peripheral edge.

In particular, the support wall forms a cover, in particular a metal cover, the peripheral edges of which join the second substrate, the lower and upper edges being provided respectively with at least one opening and with holes in order to allow respectively the entry of cold air io from the opening and the outlet of hot air out of the holes, the peripheral edges preferably having a bevelled shape so that the cover is not visible when the radiator is viewed from the front.

The support wall (the cover) plays the role of supporting the two glass substrates, protecting the electrical elements and accentuating the convective component of the heating.

According to another characteristic, the support wall includes means for fixing the first substrate, which is preferably removably assembled to said support wall, the fixing means comprising in particular on the one hand two opposite lateral slides, arranged vertically in mounted position of the device, into which the first substrate is inserted by sliding, and on the other hand a continuous bottom stop or at least two bottom stops, against which the edge (lower) of the first substrate is supported.

Preferably, the device comprises a removable cover which is arranged at the opening formed in the lower peripheral edge of the support wall of the device, the cover comprising openings facing said opening, the cover preferably further comprising at least two stops projecting towards the interior of the device and against which the edge (lower) of the first substrate is supported.

The support wall has on its so-called external face, opposite to that facing the first substrate, means for fixing the device against a wall, such as notches.

According to another characteristic, the support wall comprises, in the extension of the peripheral edges, a peripheral return, the second substrate being attached and fixed as a wall against the peripheral return of the peripheral edges of the support wall, preferably by gluing.

îo The Joule effect heating element comprises a thin electrically conductive layer, of the transparent metal oxide (s) type, deposited on the glass and preferably low emissive, or a plastic film provided with an electrical resistance and added by bonding against glass, the Joule effect element being designed to dissipate in particular between 2000 and 4000 W / m ² .

The low emissive layer allows the heat emitted by radiation to be directed towards the second facade substrate and therefore towards the room to be heated.

According to another particular feature, the support wall further comprises, above the upper edge of the first substrate, a protective strip of the first substrate in order to protect the heating element, which is electrically conductive, from the risks of splashing water.

According to another particular feature, the first glass substrate is for example colorless or colored glass, of the toughened soda-lime silica type, or of the unhardened borosilicate type.

According to another particular feature, the second glass substrate is toughened, preferably a monolithic glass. It can be colorless or colored.

The external face of this second substrate, that is to say the face facing the external environment, can be smooth or textured or even present aesthetic patterns or decorations, for example by screen printing. This face can also be coated with functional layers, in particular anti-fouling or self-cleaning layers, in particular based on photocatalytic titanium oxide.

The device has a general shape, preferably rectangular or square. It has dimensions such as between 500 mm and 1800 mm, in particular between 700 mm and 1600 mm. Its thickness including the support wall and the two glass substrates is less than 50 mm.

The radiator is therefore very compact in thickness, aesthetic by its glass structure, while providing effective radiative and convective heating with the very advantageous combination of an inertia radiator.

The heating device of the invention can be used in all types of rooms, bedrooms, living room, bathrooms ... In the latter case in particular, the device according to the invention can be provided with regard to the external face of the second substrate of at least one horizontal bar, intended for example to hang towels. The horizontal bar can for example be fixed using jaws secured to the support wall (the cover), or be directly fixed to the partition or wall against which the device is fixed. The device according to the invention can then be used as a towel radiator.

The heating element can be in a single part covering substantially the entire surface of one of the faces of the first substrate (opposite face of the support wall), except on at least the two vertical sides according to a margin of l 'order for example of 10 mm, safety standards impose 8 mm to avoid any risk of conduct of electricity with the support wall when it is metallic.

As a variant, the heating element is advantageously composed of several independent parts, for example two or three, which makes it possible to obtain different temperatures depending on the zones of the first wall. By “independent parts”, we mean distinct zones capable of being supplied electrically independently of each other. This characteristic is particularly advantageous in the case of a towel radiator: the power distributed in the part of the heating element which is located opposite the towel can be reduced, while the power distributed in the part of the heating element which is not located opposite the towel can remain the same or be increased. It is thus possible to avoid local overheating due to the presence of towels, while not penalizing the heating of the room.

The device preferably comprises means for regulating the electric power as a function, for example, of the temperature of the part to be heated and / or of the first substrate provided with the heating element. These can typically be thermostatic regulation means.

The device may further comprise means for controlling or displaying the temperature and / or the electrical power. The control means preferably comprise sensitive keys arranged on the external face of the second substrate when this second substrate has a thickness of less than 12 mm, for example when it has a thickness of 6 or 8 mm. In particular, it is possible to use a capacitive detection technique, in which the wall is used as the dielectric of a capacitor. The contact of a finger (the latter serving as the armature of the capacitor) makes it possible to modify the capacitance of the capacitor, this modification being detected. The control circuit is located on the side of the internal face of the second substrate.

The present invention is now described with the aid of examples which are only illustrative and in no way limit the scope of the invention, and from the attached illustrations, in which:

- Figure 1 shows a schematic view in vertical section of a heating device according to the invention in its middle part;

- Figure 2 is a sectional view from above of the heating device according to the invention;

- Figure 3 is a perspective view of the external or rear face of the support wall;

- Figure 4 is a bottom perspective view from the front of the support wall of the device;

- Figure 5 shows a perspective view from above and from the front of the support wall of the device with only the first substrate mounted, the second substrate not being reported;

- Figures 6a and 6b are partial perspective views, respectively from the side and from above, of a support and support means for the lower edge of the first substrate;

- Figure 7 is a perspective view of the lower part of the support wall.

The figures are not to scale to facilitate reading.

The heating device 1 of the invention illustrated in schematic figures 1 and 2 comprises a support wall 2, forming the bottom of the device and intended to allow the device to be fixed against a wall, a first glass substrate 3 provided with a effect heating element

Joule 4, and a second insulating glass substrate 5. The first substrate 3 provided with the heating element 4 is hereinafter called the heating substrate. The second substrate 5 is hereinafter called the facade substrate.

The support wall 2 maintains in position and at a distance the heating substrate 3 and the facade substrate 5 with a spacing between the support wall 2 and the heating substrate 3 and a spacing between the heating substrate 3 and the facade substrates 5.

The support wall 2 has an internal face 20 facing the first substrate 3 and an opposite external face 21 intended to be applied against a wall.

îo The support wall 2 has on its external face 21, opposite to that opposite the first substrate, means for fixing the device against a wall, such as notches 21A (Figure 3).

With reference to FIGS. 3 and 4, the support wall 2 has a generally planar surface and four peripheral edges 22 to 25 around the periphery of this planar surface, each of the edges being inclined so that the support wall 2 forms a hood. The facade substrate 5 is arranged as a surface against the end of the peripheral edges 22 to 25 at a vertical plane P. The distance between the plane of the internal face 20 of the support wall 2 and the plane P is of the order of 40 to 50 mm, defining the depth of the cover. Preferably, the peripheral edges 22 to 25 are extended by a peripheral return 2A against which the facade substrate 5 is fixed by gluing.

The depth of the cover is adapted to accommodate the heating substrate 3 while providing the respective spacings between the heating substrate 3, and on the one hand the support wall 2, and on the other hand the facade substrate 5.

The entire heating device 1 from the plane of the external face to the facade plane of the facade substrate 5 has a space requirement such that the thickness is of the order of 55 mm in the particular example of l 'invention.

As a non-limiting preferred example, the thickness dimensions are as follows:

- The heating substrate 2 has a glass thickness of the order of 4 mm;

- The facade glass substrate 5 has a glass thickness of the order of 6.8 mm;

the heating substrate 3 is spaced from the internal face 20 of the wall 2 in the order of 15 mm, while it is spaced from the front substrate 5 in the order of 15 mm.

The support wall 2 includes means 6 for detachably fixing the heating substrate 3 and means 7 for fixing the second substrate 5.

With reference to FIGS. 3 and 5, the fixing means 6 removably comprise two vertical holding slides 60 and 61 spaced apart from the width of the heating substrate 3, and a lower bottom stop 62 formed by a part of the lower peripheral edge 24 of the wall 2 or preferably by a cover 62A (illustrated in FIGS. 6a, 6b, and 7) attached removably, for example by screwing, at the lower peripheral edge 24 which is partially perforated through an opening 26 ( Figure 4 and 5).

With reference to FIGS. 6a and 6b, the cover 62A comprises two elements spaced projecting from the face intended to be turned towards the inside of the cover, these elements forming two low stops 62. The cover also comprises lights 62B allowing the air to enter at the opening 26 via these lights.

The heating substrate 3 is mounted in the cover while being inserted between the retaining slides 60 and 61 so as to rest by its lower edge against the lower stop 62.

The lower edge 24 of the support wall 2 comprises the oblong opening 26 extending in length over almost all of the lower edge of the support wall 2 and having a width such that it can be opposite the spaces d spacing both between the two glass substrates 3 and 5 and between the heating substrate 3 and the vertical face 21 of the support wall 2.

îo To guarantee a fixing in the upper part of the heating substrate, the heating substrate 3 being able to slightly bend under the effect of heat, there may be provided (FIG. 5) a removable tab 63 fixed on the internal face 21 of the wall of support in the upper part which retains the upper edge of the heating substrate 3.

The upper edge 25 of the support wall 2 has a multitude of holes 27 which face the spacing spaces between the two glass substrates and between the heating substrate and the vertical face of the support wall. Thus, the air returning from the lower opening 26 heats up in the spacing spaces via the heating radiation coming from the heating element 4, and rises to escape through the holes 27, heating the air of the part by convection.

The Joule effect heating element 4 is disposed on almost all of the so-called rear face 30 of the heating substrate 3, facing the internal face 20 of the support wall 2. Said rear face 30 of the heating substrate 3 is devoid of heating element along at least its two vertical edges in contact with the holding rails 60 and 61, according to a margin of the order of 3.5 mm, guaranteeing electrical safety.

The arrangement of the heating element 4 facing the support wall 2 and the cover shape of the wall 2 allow the heating substrate 3 to be received in complete safety, preventing the user from accessing the electric heating element. .

Preferably, the heating element 4 consists of a thin transparent electrically conductive layer forming an electrical resistance, and advantageously constituting a layer with low emissivity so as to return a large part of the radiation towards the opposite of the layer, c that is to say to the second substrate 5, called the facade substrate, the electrical supply of the heating element 4 is brought via two electrically conductive collectors such as strips of screen-printed silver pasta extending along the two opposite vertical edges at the edge of the layer. With reference to FIGS. 5 and 7, electrical cables 40 are connected to the electrically conductive collectors of the heating element 4, and protrude outside the device via the lights 62B of the cover 62A below.

With reference to FIG. 5, the device further comprises above the heating substrate 3, above its upper edge, and under and at a distance from the perforated upper peripheral edge 25, a strip 28 covering the edge of the first from a distance. substrate to protect the electrically conductive heating element from the risk of splashing water.

The glass facade substrate 5 constitutes an electrically insulating element. It consists of a monolithic toughened glass. It has a thickness greater than that of the heating substrate. Preferably, its thickness is between 5 and 15 mm.

The facade substrate 5 plays a radiative role by dissipating the radiation coming from the heating element 4 of the heating substrate and provides thermal inertia.

The thickness of the facade substrate 5 is adapted to provide the desired thermal inertia with respect to the power of the radiator, while taking care, as a function of the other dimensions of the radiator (length and width), not to be too heavy.

The heating device of the invention thus provides a radiator which dissipates energy by radiation, convection and inertia, while being aesthetic and compact in thickness, preferably at most 55 mm.

Finally, when it comes to changing the heating substrate 3, for example in the event of an electrical check or fault, the steps are as follows:

electrically disconnect the radiator;

grab the radiator and position it horizontally;

unscrew the lower cover 62A;

translating the heating substrate 3 along the slides 60 and 61 to take it out of the device;

introduce a new heating substrate:

reassemble the cover 62A by removing the electric cables via the lights 62B;

return the radiator to the vertical position.

Claims (2)

1. Electric heating device (1) comprising: - a first substrate (3) made of glass or vitroceramic provided on one of 5 its faces with a Joule effect heating element (4), - a support wall (2) capable of carrying the first substrate (3) while providing a space between said first substrate (3) and the support wall (2), the heating element (4) being arranged on the face the first substrate (3) disposed opposite the support wall (2), and îo - a second substrate (5) made of glass or glass ceramic, devoid of Joule heating element, the second substrate (5) forming the facade of the device and being arranged opposite the support wall (2) relative to the first substrate (3), and at a distance from the first substrate (3). 2. Device according to claim 1, in which the second substrate (5) has a thickness greater than that of the first substrate (3), in particular between 5 and 15 mm, such as 6, 8 or 12 mm. 3. Device according to claim 1 or 2, in which the first and second substrates (3, 5) are parallel and are spaced apart by a distance 20 between 10 and 20 mm, such as around 15 mm. 4. Device according to any one of the preceding claims, in which the support wall (2) has on its periphery four peripheral edges (22, 23, 24, 25) which extend to the second substrate (5), perpendicular or inclined 25 relative to the general plane of the support wall, and which caps the space between the first and second glass substrates (3, 5). 5. Device according to claim 4, in which the upper peripheral edge (25) has a multitude of holes (27) and the lower peripheral edge (23) has an opening (26) or orifices so that the incoming air through the opening (26) or the orifices of the lower peripheral edge (23), passes between the first and second substrates (3, 5) and heats up in the vicinity of the first substrate (3), and rises to escape through the multitude of holes (27) on the edge 5 upper device (25). 6. Device according to any one of the preceding claims, in which the support wall (2) comprises means (6) for fixing the first substrate (3) which is preferably removably assembled to said support wall ( 6), the fixing means io comprising in particular on the one hand two opposite lateral slides (60, 61), arranged vertically in the mounted position of the device, in which the first substrate (3) is introduced by sliding, and on the other hand a continuous low stop (24) or at least two low stops, against which the edge is supported 15 lower of the first substrate (3). 7. Device according to any one of the preceding claims, in which the support wall (2) comprises on its so-called external face (21), opposite to that facing the first substrate, means for fixing the device against a wall. mural, such as notches 20 (21 A). 8. Device according to any one of claims 4 to 7, in which the support wall (2) comprises, in the extension of the peripheral edges (22, 23, 24, 25), a peripheral return (2A), the second substrate (5) being attached and fixed in a wall against the return 25 peripheral (2A) peripheral edges (22, 23, 24, 25) of the support wall (2), preferably by gluing. 9. Device according to any one of the preceding claims, in which the Joule effect heating element (4) comprises a thin electrically conductive layer, of the metal oxide (s) type, deposited on the glass and preferably low. emissive, or a plastic film provided with an electrical resistance and attached by bonding against the glass, the Joule effect heating element being designed to dissipate in particular between 2000 and 4000 W / m ² . 10. Device according to any one of the preceding claims, in which the support wall (2) further comprises, above the upper edge of the first substrate (3) a strip (28) for protecting the first substrate (3 ). 11. Device according to any one of the preceding claims, in which the second substrate (5) is a colorless or colored monolithic toughened glass. 12. Device according to any one of the preceding claims, in which the second substrate (5) has on its external face, arranged opposite the first substrate (3), patterns or decorations. 15 aesthetic, and / or is coated with functional layers, in particular anti-soiling or self-cleaning layers, in particular based on photocatalytic titanium oxide. 13. Use of a device according to any one of the preceding claims, as a radiator in a building, 20 in particular as a towel radiator, the device being able to be provided facing the external face of the second substrate (5) with at least one horizontal bar fixed to the support wall or directly fixed to the partition or the wall against which is attached the device. CM CO 2/2