FR3055911B1 - METHOD OF THERMALLY RENOVATING A BUILDING - Google Patents

Abstract

Process for the thermal renovation of a building from the outside, comprising the steps of: - a) applying a thermal insulating material (24) to at least part of a facade (F) of this building, - b) applying a frame (100) and / or a skin (40) on at least part of the facade (F) to help hold the insulating material (24), this frame and / or skin being applied by being unwound, - c ) fix the framework and / or the skin mechanically to the facade using connectors (22).

Description

METHOD OF THERMALLY RENOVATING A BUILDING

The present invention relates to the thermal renovation of buildings and more particularly the thermal insulation from the outside (ITE).

In order to reduce the energy consumption of buildings, it is now common, or even mandatory in some cases, to thermally insulate building facades.

The renovation often consists, after installation of a scaffolding, of laying thermal insulation such as rock wool or polystyrene in sheets, fixed to the facade by mechanical fasteners in the masonry or the concrete facade, and covering the whole by a glass cloth and a mineral coating. Thermal insulation from the outside is thus in the context of renovations building a labor-intensive and relatively expensive operation. In addition, the intervention on the building is accompanied by noise and visual disturbances related to the presence of scaffolding, over a significant period. The invention aims to facilitate the thermal renovation of buildings and is the object of a process of thermal renovation of a building from the outside, comprising the steps of: - a) applying a thermal insulating material on at least a portion of the facade, - b) applying a reinforcement and / or a skin to at least a portion of the facade to help hold the insulating material, this reinforcement and / or skin being applied by being unwound, - c) to fix the reinforcement and / or the skin mechanically to the facade using disconnectors.

Such a method allows a quick and reliable installation of the insulation, iscompatible with a robotic installation, even if a manual or semi-automatic installation of some elements at least is possible.

In the case of the intervention of a robot, the installation of a scaffolding is avoided.

The intervention time on the building is thus reduced, which benefits building occupants and reduces the cost of the operation.

Preferably, the skin or frame is progressively unwound, and the application of the insulating material is also carried out gradually, as the skin or the frame is unrolled. Step c) can take place after step b). Step b) of setting up the reinforcement or the skin on the facade may havelieu after step a) of application of the insulating material on the facade.

Alternatively, the armature or the skin is placed on the facade and the thermal insulating material is applied to the facade, for example being poured from above between the skin and the facade or applied to the facade through openings of the skin or frame.

The robotic laying may concern only the thermal insulating material, or only the armature or the skin, but preferably it concerns both the thermal insulation material and the reinforcement or skin used to maintain the insulating material on the façade. Thus, all steps a) to c) above are preferably performed in a controlled manner. Alternatively, only one or two of them are.

Preferably, the insulating material is deposited in a fluid form on the façade. If necessary, the insulating material may be deposited according to an additive process, successive layers. The deposited layers can be stacked vertically, even horizontally as well. This can make it easier to vary the thickness of the insulation depending for example on the insulation to be provided locally. Thus, some parts of the building are for example already insulated from the inside and require insulation by the outside less. The fact of being able to vary the amount of insulation deposited locally in order to adapt it to the real need of insulation can make it possible to decrease locally the quantity of insulator necessary, and to reduce the quantity of global material and thus the bilancarbon of the structure. It is also possible to increase the amount of insulation depending on the location of thermal bridges on the facade. In the case where the amount of insulation is variably deposited on the facade, it may be useful to determine in advance the amount of insulation to be applied from the analysis of the facade by thermography, for example with the help of a scan of the facade made using an IR camera. This scan can take place for example at the same time as a scan of the visible light facade todetermine the precise contours of the facade and openings, in order to generate data permitting control of the movement of the robotic system on the facade.

The insulating material can be deposited in a monolayer form in the depth direction, that is to say perpendicularly to the facade.

It is particularly advantageous that the insulation is set up by a robotic sweeping of the facade by at least one application head of the material.

Preferably, this scan consists of a vertical scan, with, for example, a horizontal movement of the robotic system between each scanned vertical range. Such a mode of movement of the robotic system makes it possible to easily hold the armature or skin bobbin with its horizontal axis and to introduce the insulating material above in a space formed between, on the one hand, the skin or the reinforcement and on the other hand part of the façade. In a variant, a horizontal sweeping of the facade is carried out, with vertical displacement of the application head between each horizontal return of the means of application of the insulation.

Thermal insulating material

Preferably, the thermal insulating material is mineral, for example being constituted by an insulating concrete. Examples of insulating concretes are known under the references of lightweight aggregates concrete class LC 25/28 according to the standard NF EN 206-1 / CN.

Preferably, the density of the insulating material is less than or equal to 1500 m 3, more preferably 1200 m 3, even better at 500 m 3.

The thermal resistance of the thickness of insulating material within the insulation produced is preferably greater than or equal to 1 KW4m2, and preferably 2KW4m2. The thermal conductivity λ of the insulating material is preferably less than or equal to 0.9 W / mK, better still less than or equal to 0.5, more preferably 0.45, more preferably 0.3, preferably 0.2 W / mK. , even better at 0.07 W / mK

The insulating material can be applied in the fluid state and cures after application.

The insulating material may be based on polymer and in particular comprise or be constituted by a polyurethane foam.

In another variant, the insulating material is put in place by being unrolled, being stored in a coil, being for example rock wool.

armature

The term "armature" refers to any structure that helps to retain the insulating material on the facade. The frame can be prefabricated and placed on the facade by being unrolled from a coil along the facade. Alternatively, in the presence of an additional skin which is applied by being unwound, the armature is formed in situ on the facade, for example by weaving ropes on connectors previously fixed on the facade.

In an exemplary implementation, the frame is fixed on the facade and the insulating material is deposited on the facade and provided with the frame. In this case, the reinforcement can help maintain the insulating material on the facade while the insulating material is not yet fixed, the insulating material being deposited in the fluid state on the facade. The frame may comprise a wire mesh.

Skin

By "skin" is meant any coating from at least partially covering the thermal insulating material to contribute to its maintenance on the facade, particularlywhen the skin is connected by connectors to the facade, and / or to serve as facing or receiving surface d a coating.

Preferably, the skin is reinforced, being constituted by or comprising, for example, fibers made of a material having a high mechanical strength, such as glass fibers or a vegetable or polymer material, for example linseed or polyamide fibers. The skin can thus be constituted by a fabric reinforced with glass fibers.

The skin is preferably deposited by being unrolled from a coil enamont of the facade. Drilling

The method may include the drilling, including robotic, holes fixing connectors on the facade. As indicated above, these connectors can be used to attach the armature and / or the skin covering the thermal insulation to the facade.

Preferably, the drilling operation is performed by performing several times simultaneously, which reduces the time required for the realization of all bores and thus the noise during work.

Preferably, the facing, especially when it is in the form of plates, is attached to the facade using the same connectors as those used to maintain the skin and / or the frame. Displacement of the laying means of the reinforcement or skin and the means of applying the insulation

Preferably, the skin and / or the armature are unwound while moving relativelyelatively to the facade means for placing this skin or frame vertically. In an exemplary implementation of the method, the skin or the frame is stored in the form of a reel carried by an axis, preferably horizontal, located below the level of a means of application of the insulating material.

The robotic system that carries this laying means can be moved in various ways on the facade.

Preferably, the method implements a support structure for displacing the laying means and the application means on the facade, in particular so as to swivel it in at least two dimensions, and preferably with a possibility of moving in depth. also, so as to be able to bypass or intervene on balconies or other advances of the building, as the case may be. Another subject of the invention is, according to another of its aspects, a system, preferably robotic, for the thermal renovation of at least part of a facade, in particular for the implementation of the method as defined above, comprisinga means for laying a reinforcement and / or a skin on at least part of the facade and a means for applying a thermal insulating material on at least part of the facade. The invention further relates to a support structure comprising at leasttwo vertical columns and a horizontal cross member that can move on the columns and along which the laying means and the application means are movable. The term "column" should not be understood in a limiting manner and covers any vertical structure of maintenance, using metal beams for example, or otherwise. The invention also relates to a building renovated by the implementation of the method defined above, comprising a thermal insulating material covering at least a portion of the building facade and one of a frame and a strip skin, contact with the thermal insulating material, extending continuously in one direction, in particular on at least the majority of the height of the building. The invention can be better understood on reading the following detailed description of nonlimiting exemplary embodiments thereof, and on examining the appended drawing, in which: FIG. 1 is a diagram showing blocks illustrating different steps of a process example according to the invention, - Figure 2 is a schematic cross section of a facade renovated according to the invention, - Figure 3 shows schematically and in perspective an example of robotic system for the implementation of the method, - Figure 4 represents an alternative robot system, - Figure 5 illustrates a way of moving the robotic system on the front, - Figure 6 shows an alternative support structure fordécplacer installation means and FIG. 7 shows a protective element that can be placed around an opening, and FIG. 8 is a view similar to FIG. variant of façaderenovée.

FIG. 2 shows an example of a facade F thermally insulated from the outside.

This insulation comprises a thickness e of heat insulating material 24 as defined above, extending between a skin 40 and the facade F.

The skin 40 may receive externally a coating not shown. It ismaintenue on the facade by connectors 22 fixed in holes 20 with the aid of a sealing resin 21 introduced into them.

An example of an external thermal renovation method according to the invention, making it possible to produce such an insulation, may comprise, as illustrated in FIG. 1, a first step 10 consisting in making a scan of the facade to be renovated.

This scan can be performed by any suitable technical means, for example using a drone that flies in front of the facade and which sweeps it to record one or more images that are then processed by computer to isolate the contours of the facade and openings present on it, and identify any elements that may disturb the laying of thermal insulation.

The images can be taken other than by a drone, for example from the ground or a neighboring building.

The scan can take place in the visible range and possibly in the IR to highlight local heat losses, for example to strengthen the insulation where the losses are the strongest.

The scan is used to generate a working file for automati- cally controlling a robotic system, possibly under manual control.

Alternatively, a scan is not performed and computer-aided design data of the building is used, especially when it is recent and such data exists.

In another variant, the robotic system is autonomous and can determine for itself the parts of the facade to be treated, for example by distinguishing the openings of the remainder of the facade.

If necessary, it may be carried out in a step 11 prior to cleaning or stripping the facade, if necessary.

This operation is performed for example using at least one headpermettant projecting on the facade of pressurized water and / or any material to obtain the desired result. This cleaning or stripping step can be performed using the same robotic system as that used to subsequently pose the insulator or skin and / or armature. Alternatively, the cleaning or pickling is carried out using a different robotic system. In another variant, the cleaning or stripping is not performed using a robotic system, but manually.

Then, one can proceed in a step 12 to the realization of the holes 20 on the facade. These holes 20 are for example regularly spaced, used for fixing the connectors 22 through the injection into the holes 20 of the sealing resin 21. Alternatively, the connectors are fixed without sealing resin, for example to using mechanical dowels. The step 12 of making holes 12 is preferably performed with the robotic system, which is for example as described below. Step 12 of making the holes may be followed by a step 13 of placing the skin 40, which may have the function of helping to contain the thermally insulating material 24 when applied in the fluid state. Optionally, the skin 40 serves as a surface for receiving a finishing coating, giving the facade its external appearance.

The establishment of the skin 40 may be followed by a step 14 of seconnectors 22 in the holes, these connectors 22 for example pierce the peaulors of their establishment and having a skin retaining head.

Then, the thermal insulation 24 may be applied to the facade, for example being poured over into the space formed between the skin 40 and the facade F. The application of the insulator 24 is then monolayer.

The method may comprise a subsequent step 16 of laying of repair plates using fasteners cooperating with the connectors 22, or application of a coating on the skin 40.

In alternative embodiments of the invention, the above steps are carried out in a different order. For example, the insulation is applied to the facade, for example in monolayer form or in successive thin layers superimposed, and a facing skin or a reinforcement is placed on the insulation.

Referring now to FIG. 3, an example of a robotized system 30 for automatically performing at least part of the steps of the above method will now be described.

This robotic system 30 comprises an application means 35 of the insulating material 24, which is thus deposited in the fluid state on the facade, then cures on site.

This is for example a mineral thermal insulation such as insulating concrete low density or a foam of a polymeric material, for example polyurethane.

The head of the application means 35 is for example mounted on an articulated arm 37 carried by a platform 38, which allows to position it in the orientation best suited to the application.

The platform 38 may comprise, as illustrated, a support means for a coil 41, allowing the skin 40 to progressively unwind along the facade when the platform 38 moves vertically. The application of the insulating material 24 on the facade can be carried out with such a system while the already unwound part of the skin 40, which extends under the system 30, is already fixed on the facade by means of the connectors 22.

The platform 38 can be configured to move vertically on columns 65, using a drive mechanism, for example rack, not shown.

Preferably, the robotic system 30 is arranged to perform, in addition to the posede of the skin 40 and the application of the insulating material 24, the realization of the holes 20 and the attachment of the connectors 22. For this purpose, the robotic system 30 may comprise, as illustrated in FIG. 4, several stages of equipment succeeding each other in the direction of advancement to realize the different operations.

The robotic system may thus comprise, as illustrated in FIG. 4, a stage 31 for producing the bores, then a stage 37 for applying the insulating material 24, a stage 51 for placing the skin from the coil 41 and a stage 60 of setting up the connectors 22. The stage 31 for producing the holes comprises for example severalperforators 32 working simultaneously. The inter-axis between these perforators 32 can be adjustable to adapt to the nature of the facing, for example. Each perforator 32 is thus advantageously movable horizontally within the robotic system 30. The stage 60 for placing the connectors may comprise devices 61 for fitting the connectors 22 which are, for example, the same number as the perforators 32 and are located vertically. of these, being also movable horizontally, the caséchéant, as the perforators.

When a sealing resin 21 has to be introduced into the bores 20 for fastening the connectors 22, the robotic system 30 further comprises resin injectors, not shown in the figure, located for example at a level intermediate between those of the stages 31 and 38. .

Alternatively, the attachment of the connectors 22 in the holes 20s'effectue mechanically, without requiring the introduction of a sealing resin in the bores.

Many possibilities exist for moving the robotic system 30 on the front.

In the variant illustrated in Figure 5, the platform of the robotic system 30 is carried by cables 66 which are connected to drive mechanisms 68, which éplacent for example on vertical columns 70 along the front.

The displacement according to the columns 70 makes it possible to scan the façade vertically whereas while acting on the length of the cables 66 one can move the robotized system horizontally.

FIG. 5 shows openings O made in the facade F, such as windows. These openings are bypassed by the robotic system during the application of the insulating material 24.

Another example of a support structure for moving the robotized system 30 on the facade is shown in FIG.

In this example, the support structure has vertical columns 90 able to move laterally at their upper and lower ends on deschariots 91. The latter move for example on horizontal rails 92.

Preferably, as illustrated, the support structure comprises a horizontal cross-member 93 connecting the two columns 90, on which the platform of the robotic system 30 can move so as to scan horizontally the facade between the columns 90.

Preferably, the support structure is arranged to also allow a displacement in depth, perpendicular to the facade, of the robotic system 30, for example by being able to bypass protruding balconies.

It may be useful to set up on the front, at the openings O, protective devices 80 such as that illustrated in Figure 7, to prevent the insulating material to spread over the openings. These devices may be in the form of a frame provided with fixing lugs 81 on the front, and of a shape adapted to the opening to be surrounded.

FIG. 8 illustrates the possibility of fixing a reinforcement 100 by means of the dividers 20 on the facade and of embedding this reinforcement within the insulating material 24, the latter being deposited on the facade after placing the reinforcement 100. The reinforcement 100 is for example a wire mesh or of synthetic material, which can be placed on the facade F by being unrolled from a reel, just like the skin 40.

In the example of FIG. 8, the reinforcement 100 is embedded in the insulating material 24, that is to say that it extends at a distance d from the facade which is less than the thickness e of insulating material 24.

In such a case, the insulating material 24 is for example applied to the facade through the frame 100, for example by being projected through the openings thereof.

Alternatively, the armature 100 is placed within the insulating material being pushed within the material to the desired depth.

In a variant not shown, an armature is embedded in the insulating material and the latter is covered by a skin. In this case, the reinforcement is for example made by weaving son on the connectors as and progress of the robot system.

Of course, the invention is not limited to the exemplary embodiments that have to be described.

For example, in non-illustrated variants, the connectors are fixed to the skin or to the frame before being introduced into the corresponding holes made on the front.

Claims (4)

MODIFIED CLAIMS 1. A method of thermal renovation of a building from the outside, comprising the steps of: - a) applying a thermal insulating material (24) on at least part of a facade (F) of this building, - b) applying an armature (100) and / or a skin (40) on at least part of the facade (F) to help hold the insulating material (24), this armature and / or skin being applied by being unrolled, - c) fix the armature and / or the skin mechanically to the facade using disconnectors (22), the steps a), b) and c) being performed robotically. 2. A method of thermal renovation of a building from the outside, comprising the steps of: - a) applying a mineral thermal insulating material (24) on at least part of a facade (F) of this building, - b) applying an armature (100) and / or skin (40) to at least a portion of the facade (F) to assist in holding the insulating material (24), such armor and / or skin being applied by being unrolled, - c) attach the frame and / or the skin mechanically to the facade using disconnectors (22). 3. Method according to claim 2, wherein steps a), b) and c) are performed robotically. 4. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein step c) takes place after step b). 5. Process according to any one of claims 1 to 3, step a) before step b). The method of any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein step a) is after step b). 7. A method according to any one of the preceding claims, comprisinga step d) of drilling holes (20) in the facade (F) for fastenersonnonnectors (22). 8. The method of claim 7, wherein step d) takes place before step a). 9. Method according to one of claims 7 and 8, the drilling comprising laréalisation of several holes (20) simultaneously. 10. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, the insulating material (24) being deposited in fluid form on the facade. 11. The method of claim 10, the insulating material (24) being deposited superimposed successive layers. 12. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, the insulating material (24) being deposited at least partially on the facade prior to the placing of the armature frame or skin. 13. Process according to any one of the preceding claims, except for claim 2, the insulating material (24) being mineral. 14. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, the armature (100) comprising a wire mesh. 15. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, the skin (40) being a reinforcing skin made of mineral and / or synthetic fibers, in particular a fiberglass fabric. 16. A method as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, comprisingfixing a cladding to the facade. 17. Method according to the preceding claim, the facing being fixed with the same connectors (22) as those used to maintain the skin and / or the frame. 18. A method according to any one of the preceding claims, the skin and / or armature being unwound while moving means (51) for laying the skin or armature vertically. 19. A method according to any one of the preceding claims, the skin ouarmature being stored in the form of coil (41) carried by an axis located under the niveaud a means (35) for applying the insulating material. 20. Process according to any one of the preceding claims, comprisinga prior step of cleaning / stripping the facade, in particular robotically. 21. System for the thermal renovation of at least part of a facade, especially for the implementation of the method according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising means for laying an armature and / or a skin at least a portion of the facade by unrolling it and means (35) for applying a thermally insulating material to at least a portion of the facade. 22. System according to the preceding claim, comprising a support structure (65; 66, 68, 70; 90, 93) for moving the laying means and averend'application on the front, including so as to sweep it in two dimensions at least, and preferably with a possibility of displacement in depth also. 23. System according to claim 22, the support structure comprising at least two vertical columns (90) and a horizontal cross member (93) movable on the columns and along which the laying means and the application means are movable. 24. Building renovated by the implementation of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 20, comprising a thermal insulating material (24) covering at least part of the facade of the building and one of a frame (100) and a skin (40), in contact with the thermal insulating material (24).