FR3038435B1 - METHOD FOR MANAGING THE USE OF A PARKING SPACE AND ASSOCIATED DEVICES - Google Patents

Abstract

This method of managing the use of a parking space comprises, for each location (14A, 14B, 14C), the following steps: a) detecting the presence of a vehicle equipped with a communication device (24) comprising a communication unit (34); b) communicating data between a communication member (40A, 40B, 40C) associated with the location (14A, 14B, 14C) and the communication unit ( 34), the data being communicated via signals of frequency between 2.4 MHz and 2.483 MHz, the communication unit (34) and the communication member (40A, 40B, 40C) being adapted to operate with a current strictly less than 15 mA and, preferably, according to an operation according to the Bluetooth protocol, and - c) the transmission of data to a central unit (18) management.

Description

Method for managing the use of a parking space and associated devices

The present invention relates to a method of managing the use of a space, possibly open, parking for receiving vehicles of various types. The invention also relates to a communication device, a parking verification unit on a parking space and a management system for the use of an associated parking space.

The management process covers aspects of the use of parking space, checking compliance with parking rules, sanctioning non-compliance with parking rules and payment of a parking fee. The invention lies in the field of control and management of vehicle parking in a parking space defining parking spaces. Indeed, in the current parking spaces, and especially in the non-closed parking spaces, it is known to divide the parking spaces into different parking zones each regulated by parking rules and among which it is distinguished, for example , limited-time non-paying parking areas, limited-time parking zones governed by payment terminals and specialized parking areas reserved for a certain type of use or users.

However, in the current open parking spaces, the control of the respect of the rules of parking is generally carried out manually and in a random way by persons authorized to issue fines for non-compliance with the parking rules.

Thus, the respect of the parking rules and the perception of a possible payment associated with the parking are based today mainly on the goodwill of the user to use the parking spaces to which he is entitled and to pay the price of parking.

In order to partially remedy the aforementioned drawbacks, it is known from FR 2 917 214 A1 a management system for the use of parking spaces which, when installed in a parking space, to control the occupancy of the parking space. parking space and in particular the respect of parking rules from sensors and electronic means of communication. Such a system makes it possible, for example, to transmit warning messages to persons authorized to issue fines when the system detects a non-compliance with the parking rules.

Such a system has disadvantages. Indeed, such a management system of the use of parking spaces remains complex and expensive to implement. More precisely, in such a system, the interaction between the different elements making up the management system remains difficult to achieve, as are the interactions between the management system and users of the parking spaces and / or the agents in charge of the management system. control. In addition, such a system is inefficient in a context where the parking locations are not materialized and when a high efficiency of control and a high reliability for the collection of the payment of the parking fee are required. One of the objectives of the invention is to overcome the disadvantages described above by simplifying the communication between the different elements of the management system. To this end, the invention relates to a method of managing the use of a parking space defining at least one parking space for receiving a vehicle. The method comprises, for each location, the following steps: a) detecting the presence of a vehicle on the location, the vehicle being provided with a communication device comprising a memory adapted to store information associated with the vehicle and / or to a user of the vehicle and a communication unit, - b) the communication of data between a communication member associated with the location and the communication unit which is advantageously associated with the vehicle or one of its passengers, the data comprising at least one of the information associated with the vehicle and / or the user of the vehicle, the data being communicated via radio signals whose frequency is between 2.4 MHz and 2.483 MHz, and the communication unit and the communication member being adapted to operate in nominal operation with a power supply current whose maximum value is stri less than 15 mA, the communication unit and the communication element being preferably adapted to operate in nominal operation in accordance with a Bluetooth protocol compliant operation, and - c) the transmission of at least one of the associated information. the vehicle and / or the user of the vehicle to a central parking management unit for processing.

Thanks to the invention, the implementation of the management method and the communication between the communication device and the communication device are simplified, via the use of the Bluetooth protocol and signals whose frequency is between 2.4. MHz and 2.483 MHz that allow the implementation of a simplified and robust communication from low cost, widely used and small communication means. In addition, the use of a supply current whose maximum value is strictly less than 15 mA limits the power consumption of the communication device and the communication device. In addition, the use of the Bluetooth protocol allows in particular the interaction between the communication device and communicating means outside the management system, such as smart phones and / or tablets.

According to advantageous aspects of the invention, the control method comprises one or more of the following characteristics, taken separately or in any technically permissible combination: in the communication step b), the communication unit and the communication devices are capable of operating in nominal operation in accordance with the Bluetooth Low Energy protocol; during the communication step b), the method comprises the following steps: b) issuing a control message for retrieving information associated with the vehicle and / or a user of the vehicle destined for at least one other communication element associated with another location, b) the communication of the data between the other communication elements and the communication unit, and during the transmission step c), the method comprises for the or each other communication element the following step: - c ') the transmission of at least one of the information associated with the vehicle and / or the user of the vehicle to the central parking management unit for processing, and, following the transmission step c), the method comprises the following step: - d) the identification by the central management unit of the detected vehicle and / or a user of the vehicle detected according to the information or information associated with the vehicle and / or the user of the vehicle transmitted; after the communication step b), the method comprises the following step: b1) the identification of the detected vehicle and / or the user of the vehicle detected from the information or information associated with the vehicle and / or to the user of the vehicle communicated during the communication step b); during the communication step b) the communication of the data is carried out between the communication element associated with the location and the communication unit of each vehicle situated in a predetermined zone around the location, the data comprising at least one of the information associated with each vehicle and / or the user of each vehicle located in the predetermined zone, wherein, prior to the detection step a), the method comprises the following step: - a1) the communication, at a first instant, of the data between the communication member associated with the location and the communication unit of each vehicle located in a predetermined zone, - a2) the generation of a comparison table comprising for each vehicle located in the predetermined zone at the first moment, at least one of the information associated with the vehicle and / or with the user of the vehicle, and in which, rs of the identification step b1), the detected vehicle and / or the user of the detected vehicle is identified according to the comparison table obtained for the first moment and at least one of the information associated with the vehicle and / or to the user of the vehicle communicated during the communication step b) at a second instant after the first instant; if during the identification step b1 no vehicle is identified, the method comprises, following the identification step b1) the following steps: b3) the transmission of a command message recovering the information associated with the vehicle and / or the user of the vehicle to another communication member associated with another location; b4) communicating the data between the other communication member and the communication unit; communication, and - b5) the identification of the detected vehicle and / or the user of the detected vehicle, according to the data communicated to the other communication device; during the communication step b), the data communicated comprise a variable identifying the communication member associated with the location, and advantageously time and price information, and in which following the step b) the method comprises the following steps: - the transmission of at least one of the information associated with the vehicle and / or the user of the vehicle stored by the communication device, with the identification variable, and advantageously with time and tariff information, to a terminal for access to a payment interface, and - the payment of a parking fee via the access terminal. The invention further relates to a communication device adapted to be associated with a vehicle and / or a user of the vehicle, the communication device comprising a memory adapted to store information associated with the vehicle and / or the user. of the vehicle and a communication unit. The communication unit is capable of communicating data comprising at least one of the information associated with the vehicle and / or the user of the vehicle via radio signals whose frequency is between 2.4 MHz and 2.483 MHz, and the communication unit is able to operate in nominal operation with a power supply current whose maximum value is strictly less than 15 mA, preferably delivered by a power supply member which includes either a solar panel or a sensor specific to transforming the vibratory energy of the vehicle into electrical energy, the communication unit preferably being able to operate in nominal operation in accordance with the Bluetooth protocol. The invention also relates to a parking verification unit on a parking space, the verification unit being able to be associated with the location. The verification unit comprises: - a presence detector of a vehicle on the location, - a radio communication member of its own, following the detection of a vehicle on the location, to retrieve data transmitted via radio signals whose frequency is between 2.4 MHz and 2.483 MHz, and the communication element is capable of operating in nominal operation with a power supply current whose maximum value is strictly less than 15 mA, the communication member being preferably adapted to operate in nominal operation according to an operation according to the Bluetooth protocol. The invention relates to a system for managing the use of at least one parking space intended to receive a vehicle, the system being able to interact with a communication device associated with each vehicle and comprising an associated parking verification unit. at each location. Each communication device and each verification unit are as defined above, and for each location, following the detection of one of the vehicles by the associated detector, the communication device is able to recover the data. communicated by the communication unit associated with the vehicle, and the system comprises for each location means for transmitting at least one of the information associated with the vehicle and / or the user of the detected vehicle to a central unit of the vehicle. own parking management to process the transmitted information.

Advantageously, the management method is a management method of a space dedicated to the parking of vehicles of various types and uses. The method is characterized in that it comprises the following steps: a) detecting the presence of a vehicle on at least one location and evaluating the space occupied by it by a collaborative operation dedicated sensors. - b) The identification of the vehicle and / or one of its passengers, by the implementation of redundant exchanges, by radio, between fixed identification and communication equipment and an individual identification device linked to the vehicle or to a person and able to contain at least identification data. - c) the transmission of the dated presence and identification information associated with the vehicle to a central office responsible for the management of the parking space. - d) the use of the individual identifier device to facilitate interaction with the user, via his mobile phone or digital tablet, to inform him about the use of parking (rates, duration ...), validate a payment proposed by the management system or initiate the transaction with external payment solutions external to the system.

Advantageously, the management method is a method covering all the activities necessary for the management of a parking space covering the fine supervision of the occupation of space, the dissemination of information, differentiated management parking rights based on location, time, type of user, identification of unlawfully occupied locations, law enforcement information, collection of fees or taxes associated with parking and management intelligent and adaptive rates. The invention further relates to an individual identifiable device which can be interrogated remotely. The individual identifier device is able to be associated with the owner and / or a user of the vehicle. The individual identifier device includes a memory adapted to store, in a secure manner, sufficient information to identify the user, and possibly the vehicle and to characterize the rights to use the parking space. This memory can also store the last parking activities associated with the individual identifier device.

The individual identifier device is characterized in that it comprises a communication unit able to communicate both with the fixed identification and communication equipment and with communicating mobile devices held by the users, such as smart phones also called smartphones or communicating tablets, thanks to the use of a radiocommunication standard widely used in these tools. This standard is advantageously Bluetooth "Low Energy" (Bluetooth version 4.0 and later).

The individual identifier device is also characterized in that it incorporates an accelerometric sensor whose filtered data are able to indicate whether the individual identifying device is stationary or in motion.

The individual identifier device is also advantageously powered by an intelligent power supply module which includes a battery and its management and one or more energy sources consisting of a solar cell and / or a component able to transform the vibratory environment of the vehicle in electrical energy.

The individual identifier device advantageously takes advantage of the features and resources of the Bluetooth Low Energy wireless communication standard in order firstly to consume very little energy and secondly to ensure the confidentiality of the exchanges. The invention also relates to a network consisting of detection, identification and communication equipment in charge of the detection of vehicles on the parking space, the search and interrogation of the individual identification devices in the vicinity and the transferring the collected data from the individual identifier devices to a management center. A set of detection, identification and communication equipment being able to be associated with a geo-localized segment of the parking space.

The network of detection, identification and communication equipment is advantageously constituted by several sets of detection, identification and communication equipment distributed along the parking space with an optimized spacing for presence detection. vehicles of various types and in particular the shorter ones, whereas the parking spaces are not necessarily marked by marking on the ground or obstacles.

Each set of detection, identification and communication equipment is advantageously equipped with two wireless communication modes, a mode for the exchanges with the individual identification devices (Bluetooth Low Energy) and a mode for the exchanges with the central office of management either directly or via a relay terminal, the latter mode respecting one of the standards adapted to network operation and the specific conditions of system deployment.

The sets of detection, identification and communication equipment are advantageously equipped with a collaborative operating mode, characterized in that each set of equipment can exchange requests or information in order to ensure redundancy in the field. detection of the individual identifiers devices nearby and secondly associate the different events detected by each set of equipment with the movements of a vehicle, knowing that the movement of a vehicle can be detected by several sets of equipment. The invention also relates to a central parking management in charge of the parking space. The management center is able to interact with the individual identification devices associated with each vehicle via sets of detection, identification and communication equipment deployed on the parking space.

Advantageously, the central parking management is, in addition to the usual aspects of collection / management / dissemination of information on the occupation of the parking space, management / verification / validation of rights to park and alert to the law enforcement authorities in case of illegal parking, also able to manage the perception of the cost of parking, either directly using a user account or by providing an interface with the means of payment of the user.

The individual identifier device, by its ability to exchange with the smartphone or the user's tablet will simplify and make these operations more reliable. The management center also integrates management tools for individual identifiers such as creation / validation / repudiation.

The management center is advantageously equipped with algorithmic capabilities and historization of data collected to determine and adaptively apply pricing rules according to multiple criteria and in particular current and historical locations frequentations to advantageously facilitate the rotation of vehicles and / or optimize the manager's income from the parking space.

The management center is furthermore advantageously extended by: applications for smartphones or digital tablets and by a website dedicated to informing users about the free places and the tariffs in force but also the mobile payment; mobile parking control means, based on non-specific portable equipment, such as smartphones or digital tablets, and embedded software applications made available to the field agents in charge of the control of compliance with the parking rules. These means of control receive alerts about illegal parking cases; they are able to communicate over the air with each individual identifying device to verify the characteristics and content and status of associated parking rights. The parking control means are also able to communicate, by conventional means (Wifi, GSM networks) with the central office to receive information on illegally occupied locations, such as location or identification. The invention will be better understood and other advantages of the invention will appear more clearly on reading the detailed description which follows, given solely by way of nonlimiting example and with reference to the appended figures in which: FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of an example of a parking management installation comprising a central parking management unit and a parking space utilization management system according to a first embodiment of the invention. invention; FIG. 2 is a flowchart of an exemplary operating method of the installation of FIG. 1 at the level of the management system; FIG. 3 is a flowchart of an exemplary operating method of the installation of FIG. 1 at the level of the central unit and of a data collection unit of the management system; FIG. 4 is a representation similar to FIG. 1 and in accordance with a second embodiment of the invention; FIG. 5 is a flowchart of an exemplary operating method of the installation of FIG. 4; FIG. 6 is a representation similar to FIG. 1 and in accordance with a third embodiment of the invention; FIG. 7 is a flow diagram of an exemplary operating method of the installation of FIG. 6; - Figure 8 is a representation similar to Figure 1 and according to a fourth embodiment of the invention; and FIG. 9 shows the simplified flow diagram of an exemplary operating method of the installation of FIG. 8 at communication devices associated with vehicles and parking control units belonging to the management system and associated at parking locations.

A parking management installation 10 is illustrated in FIG. 1. The installation 10 is able to manage a parking space 12 for which parking spaces 14A, 14B, 14C are defined. The installation 10 comprises a management system 16 for managing the use of the parking spaces 14A, 14B, 14C of the parking space 12 and a central parking management unit 18. The installation 10 is advantageously suitable for interacting with one or more mobile parking control terminals, not shown, and made available to persons authorized to issue fines.

In the example of FIG. 1, a vehicle 22 comes to park in the parking space 12 and the management system 16 is able to interact with a communication device 24 included in the vehicle 22.

The communication device 24 is uniquely associated with a user of the vehicle 22, that is to say a driver or passenger of the vehicle 22.

In a variant, the communication device 24 is uniquely associated with the vehicle 22.

According to another variant, the communication device 24 is uniquely associated with the vehicle 22 and with a user of the vehicle 22.

The management system 16 includes a parking verification unit 26A, 26B, 26C associated with each location 14A, 14B, 14C and a data collection unit 28. The parking spaces 14A, 14B, 14C are not identifiable by a marking on the ground and are defined by the presence within them of a single verification unit 26A, 26B, 26C.

More specifically, each parking verification unit 26A, 26B, 26C is associated with a single parking space 14A, 14B, 14C and the vehicle 22 occupies, according to its length and position in the parking space 12 one or more locations parking 14A, 14B, 14C. Thus, when the vehicle is parked above two verification units 26A, 26B, along a vertical axis perpendicular to a plane comprising the parking spaces 14A, 14B, it occupies two parking spaces 14A, 14B.

In the example of Figure 1, the vehicle 22 is parked above the verification unit 26B and occupies the location 14B.

The communication device 24 is, for example, a badge.

Alternatively, not shown, the communication device 24 is, for example, a mobile phone.

More generally, the communication device 24 is disposed in the vehicle 22 and is, for example, held by a user of the vehicle 22. The communication device 24 is advantageously positioned on a windshield of the vehicle 22.

The communication device 24 comprises a first memory 32, a communication unit 34 and a power supply member 36.

The first memory 32 is able to store information associated with the vehicle and / or a user of the vehicle and also called identification information Id. The identification information Id is specific to the vehicle 22 and / or to a user of the vehicle 22 and are, for example, a vehicle registration number 22 or an identification number of the user of the vehicle 22.

The identification information Id allows the identification, by the central management unit 18, of the vehicle 22 parked on the parking space 14B and / or the person using the vehicle 22 parked on the parking space 14B.

In the following description, it is considered that the identification information Id is different for each vehicle 22 and include, for example, the identification number of the user of the vehicle 22. The communication unit 34 is clean to communicate data comprising the identification information Id via radio signals whose frequency is between 2.4 MHz and 2.483 MHz. The communication unit 34 is also able to operate in nominal operation with a power supply current whose maximum value is strictly less than 15 mA.

Advantageously, the communication unit 34 comprises an encoder, not shown, capable of encrypting data that the communication unit 34 communicates. The encoder is, for example, able to encrypt the data communicated according to an algorithm compliant with the AES-CCM 128-bit Advanced Encryption Standard (AES). The encoder ensures the integrity and confidentiality of the data communicated.

The supply current of the communication unit 34 is delivered by the power supply member 36 which preferably includes a solar panel and / or a sensor capable of transforming the vibratory energy of the vehicle 22, linked to the vibrations generated by the operation and movement of the vehicle 22, electrical energy.

Alternatively, the power supply member 36 comprises, for example, an electric battery.

According to another variant, the power supply member 36 comprises, for example, an electric battery, a solar panel and an electrical energy management element provided by the battery and the solar panel.

Each parking verification unit 26A, 26B, 26C comprises a vehicle presence detector 38A, 38B, 38C on the location 14A, 14B, 14C to which the verification unit 26A, 26B, 26C is associated, an organ radio communication 40A, 40B, 40C, a power supply module 42A, 42B, 42C and a radio communication module 44A, 44B, 44C.

Each parking verification unit 26A, 26B, 26C is also configured to store an identification variable Vd of the communication member 40A, 40B, 40C and therefore the verification unit 26A, 26B, 26C. The identification variable

Vd is unique and different for each communication element, that is to say for each verification unit 26A, 26B, 26C. Advantageously, the distance between two consecutive verification units is less than the length of the shortest vehicle intended to park in the parking space 12. Such a characteristic makes it possible to guarantee the detection of the parking of a vehicle in the parking space. parking 12.

Advantageously, for each verification unit 26A, 26B, 26C, the identification variable Vd corresponds, for example, to an identifier of the location 14A, 14B, 14C with which the verification unit is associated.

Each presence detector 38A, 38B, 38C is, for example, configured to detect a magnetic field variation caused by the arrival of a vehicle 22 on the parking space 14A, 14B, 14C with which it is associated.

As a variant of this implementation, other technologies may be implemented such as detectors operating in the infrared or laser or any combination of these technologies depending on the deployment constraints of the management system.

Advantageously, each presence detector 38A, 38B, 38C is, for example, configured to make magnetic field variation measurements in order to detect the arrival or departure of a vehicle near the detector. When a number of these successive measurements are greater than a predetermined decision threshold, there is creation of a vehicle movement on the location concerned. These presence detectors 38A, 38B, 38C are advantageously calibrated and compensated for variations related to the environment such as temperature to ensure performance in motion detection. It is this event "motion detection" that triggers the steps described below search ID identification information that will conclude on arrival or departure of a vehicle.

More specifically, each presence detector 38A, 38B, 38C is, for example, configured to carry out with a predetermined period P magnetic field measurements and to detect the presence of a parked vehicle when two successive measurements are strictly greater than a first one. predetermined threshold and that the difference between the two successive measurements is strictly lower than a second predetermined threshold.

The predetermined period P is for example equal to 20 seconds.

The presence detector 38A, 38B, 38C is, for example, also configured to detect a magnetic field variation caused by the departure of the vehicle from the location on which it is parked. Specifically, the presence detector 38A, 38B, 38C is, for example, configured to detect the departure of a parked vehicle when, as a result of detecting the presence of the vehicle on the location, the measured magnetic field is strictly lower than the first predetermined threshold.

Each radio communication unit 40A, 40B, 40C is clean, following the detection of a vehicle on the location with which it is associated, to recover data transmitted via the radio signals whose frequency is between 2.4 MHz and 2.483 MHz.

Thus, for each location 14A, 14B, 14C, following the detection of a vehicle by the presence detector 38A, 38B, 38C, the corresponding communication member 40A, 40B, 40C is able to recover the data communicated. by the communication unit 34 of the communication device 24 of the vehicle 22 detected.

Each radio communication member 40A, 40B, 40C is adapted to operate in nominal operation with a power supply current, delivered by the power supply module 42A, 42B, 42C, whose maximum value is strictly less than 15 mA. The communication unit 34 and the communication members 40A, 40B, 40C are thus adapted to operate in nominal operation according to an operation in accordance with a first communication protocol which is the Bluetooth protocol and, preferably, the Bluetooth Low Energy protocol, corresponding to Bluetooth version 4.0 and later.

Each radio communication module 44A, 44B, 44C is adapted to operate in nominal operation according to an operation according to a second longer range communication protocol than the first communication protocol. The second communication protocol is for example the ZIGBEE or ZIGBEE GREEN POWER protocol based on the IEEE-802.15.4 standard or the WiFi protocol based on the IEEE 802.11 standard.

Each radio communication module 44A, 44B, 44C is configured to communicate with the collection unit 28.

Each radio communication module 44A, 44B, 44C is in particular configured, following the detection of the presence of a vehicle 22, to transmit to the collection unit 28 an arrival message Ma. The arrival message Ma comprises the identification variable Vd of the verification unit 26A, 26B, 26C and the data communicated by the communication unit 34, that is to say in particular the identification number retrieved by the control unit. radio communication 40A, 40B, 40C. Thus, with each identification number recovered is associated identification variable Vd of the communication member and therefore the verification unit 26A, 26B, 26C having recovered the identification number.

Each radio communication module 44A, 44B, 44C is also configured to transmit to the collection unit 28 a start message Md indicating the departure of the parked vehicle 22, following the detection of the departure of the vehicle from the location 14B . The starting message Md comprises, for example, the identification variable Vd of the verification unit. The data collection unit 28 comprises a first radio communication element 48, a storage device 50 and a second radio communication element 52.

The first radio communication element 48 is adapted to communicate with the radio communication modules 44A, 44B, 44C and is in accordance with the second communication protocol.

The first communication element 48 is in particular configured to receive via the communication with the communication modules 44A, 44B, 44C the arrival messages Ma and the departure message Md. The storage device 50 is able to store the Md start messages. and arrival Ma received, that is to say the identification numbers and identification variables received by the first element of communication 48.

The second radio communication element 52 is able to operate in nominal operation according to an operation according to a third communication protocol.

The third protocol is preferably a longer range protocol than the first and second protocols and is, for example, a protocol using mobile networks, such as the General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) protocol. , 3G or 4G. It can also be a protocol using a wired network.

The second radio communication element 52 is configured to retransmit to the central management unit 18 the originating Md and arrival messages Ma memorized by the storage unit 50. The central parking management unit 18 comprises a third communication element 54 and a processing element 56 adapted to manage and control parking.

The third communication element 54 is able to operate in nominal operation according to an operation according to the third communication protocol.

The third communication element 54 is configured to communicate with the second radio communication element 52, to recover the identification numbers and the identification variables stored by the storage device 50 and transmitted via the arrival messages Ma and Starting Md retransmitted. The processing element 56 comprises a computing device comprising a processor 58, a first storage module 60 and a second storage module 62 storing programming code instructions.

The first storage module 60 is capable of storing first location descriptive data for each identification variable Vd and second user descriptive data of the vehicle and / or the vehicle for each identification number.

More precisely, the first storage module 60 is able to associate with each identification variable Vd the first corresponding descriptive data.

The first storage module 60 is also able to associate with each identification number the corresponding second descriptive data.

The first descriptive data includes, for example, the dimensions of the location, the geolocation of the location, the type of location (delivery, handicapped person, taxi ...).

The second descriptive data includes, for example, the registration of the vehicle, the type of vehicle, the type of person using the vehicle 22 (delivery person, handicapped person, taxi ...), the dimensions of the vehicle 22, the first and last name of the person using the vehicle.

The second storage module 62 is capable of storing identification programming code instructions 64 of each detected vehicle and / or the detected vehicle user, association 66 of each identified vehicle and / or each identified user. with the location where the vehicle is parked, determining 67 of each vehicle and / or user no longer using the parking space 12.

In addition, the second storage module 62 is capable of storing the analysis programming code instructions 68 of compliance with the parking rules by each detected vehicle 22 and / or sensed vehicle user 22 and transmission 70 of a signal alert to the control terminal.

The identification instructions 64 are configured to, when executed, identify each detected vehicle and / or user of the detected vehicle according to the identification numbers included in the incoming messages Ma received by the third communication element 54 and second descriptive data stored by the first storage module 60.

The association instructions 66 are configured to, when executed, associate each identified vehicle and / or each identified user with the location on which the vehicle is parked based on the incoming messages Ma received by the third element. 54, as well as first and second descriptive data stored by the first storage module 60.

The determination instructions 67 are configured to determine each vehicle and / or user no longer using the parking space 12, that is to say having left the parking space 12, according to the Md start messages received by the third communication element 54 and the location associated with each vehicle and / or each user via the execution of the association instructions 66.

The analysis instructions 68 are configured, when they are executed, to analyze compliance with the parking rules by each detected vehicle 22 and / or vehicle user 22 detected, according to the first and second descriptive data, of the location. associated with each vehicle 22 and / or vehicle user via the association instructions 66 and the determination of the vehicles 22 and / or vehicle users having left the parking space.

The transmission instructions 70, are configured to transmit an alert signal to the control terminal, via the third communication element 54, when the analysis instructions 68 determine a non-compliance with the parking rules for a location of parking and / or a given vehicle and / or user (s).

The control terminal is configured to communicate with the third communication element 54 to receive the alert signal and with each communication device, via the communication unit 34, to retrieve the identification information Id, that is, to say, the identification numbers.

Advantageously, the control terminal comprises means for determining the validity of the parking of a given vehicle with which is associated a communication device 24 given in function, for example, warning signals transmitted by the central unit 18 and Id identification information retrieved via the establishment of a communication with the given communication device 24.

In a variant, the processing element 56 comprises a third storage module capable of storing payment information relating to a parking payment, for each vehicle and / or user. In this variant, the analysis code instructions 68 are clean, when executed, to check the parking payment for each user according to the payment information in order to analyze the respect of the parking rules.

In this variant, the payment is made by users from, for example, an access terminal to a payment interface. The access terminal is, for example, a mobile phone provided with a fourth communication element, compliant with the first protocol and capable of communicating with a given communication device to recover the identification information Id and a fifth element. of communication, compliant with the third protocol and allowing the user to access, for example, the payment interface. The user is then able to inform at the level of the payment interface the identification information Id retrieved via the fourth communication element.

According to another variant, the departure messages Md and arrival Ma comprise for example a date and the analysis code instructions are adapted to calculate for each vehicle 22 and / or identified user the duration of the parking, as well as to analyze compliance with the parking rules according to the calculated parking time.

According to another variant, the second storage module 62 stores programming programming code instructions for the number of free slots of the parking space 12 and the central unit 18 is able to transmit to a server accessible to the users via for example, an internet platform, information relating to the number of free slots in the parking space 12 and / or the parking rate. Advantageously, the information relating to the parking rate is, for example, a function of the number of free slots in the parking space 12.

According to another variant, the verification units 26A, 26B, 26C are able to communicate directly with the central unit 18 and the management system 16 does not include a data collection unit.

A first mode of operation of the installation 10 will subsequently be presented, thanks to the implementation of the management method of the use of parking locations presented in FIGS. 2 and 3.

The description of the management method is for location 14B and vehicle 22 but the operation is the same for each location, i.e., for each verification unit 26A, 26B, 26C.

Figure 2 shows the operation of the management method at the level of the management system 16.

During an initial detection step 100, the detection of the presence of a vehicle 22 on the location 14B is carried out by the presence detector 38B, in a manner similar to what has been presented above. More specifically, during the detection step 100, the magnetic field is for example measured periodically and as long as the last two successive magnetic field measurements are less than the first threshold or the difference between the last two successive measurements is greater than the second one. threshold, the detection step 100 is repeated.

Then, following parking of the vehicle 22 on the location 14B, the next two successive measurements of magnetic field are greater than the first threshold and the difference between the next two successive measurements is less than the second threshold. The presence of the vehicle 22 is then detected during the execution of the detection step 100 and a subsequent communication step 102 is performed.

During the communication step 102, data is exchanged between the communication element 38B of the location and the communication unit 34 of the vehicle. The exchanged data comprise at least one of the identification information Id and advantageously all the identification information Id. During the communication step 102, the exchanged data are communicated via radio signals whose frequency is between 2, 4 MHz and 2.483 MHz, and the communication unit 34 and the communication member 40B operate in nominal operation with a power supply current whose maximum value is strictly less than 15 mA.

More specifically, during the communication step 102, each vehicle-specific identification information transmitted by the communication unit is encrypted according to an algorithm according to the AES-CCM 128-bit Advanced Encryption Standard (AES). The communication unit and the communication unit are, during the communication step 102, adapted to operate in nominal operation in accordance with a Bluetooth protocol compliant operation, preferably in accordance with the Bluetooth Low Energy protocol.

The identification information Id is thus obtained by the verification unit 26B.

Then, during a storage step 104, the verification unit 26B transmits the arrival message Ma to the collection unit 28. The collection unit 28 then stores the identification information Id and the variable d. identification included in the arrival message Ma.

Then, during a retransmission step 106, the collection unit 28 retransmits, via the second communication element 52, the arrival message Ma to the central management unit 18, which then retrieves the information from identification Id and the identification variable Vd included in the arrival message Ma.

Then, during a detection step 108, the departure of the vehicle 22 from the location 14B is detected by the presence detector 38B in a manner similar to that which has been presented above. More precisely, during the detection step 108, the magnetic field is for example measured periodically and when the last measurement made is strictly lower than the first threshold, the departure of the vehicle 22 is detected. Otherwise, as long as the measurement of the magnetic field is greater than or equal to the first threshold, the detection step 108 is repeated, that is to say that the measurement of the magnetic field is repeated.

Then, following the detection of the departure of the vehicle 22 from the location 14B, a transmission step 110 of the starting message Md to the collection unit 28 is performed by the verification unit 26B.

Then, during a retransmission step 112, the collection unit 28 retransmits, via the second communication element 52, the starting message Md to the central management unit 18 which then retrieves the identification variable Vd included in the starting message Md.

Finally, following the detection of the departure of the vehicle 22 from the location 14B, the method then returns to the detection step 100.

Advantageously, the data exchanged during the communication step 102 comprise the identification variable Vd of the communication unit 40B of the verification unit 26B having detected the vehicle 22, and advantageously temporal and tariff information. Following the communication step 102, the method then comprises a step of transmission, not shown in the figures, of at least one of the identification information stored by the communication device 24, of the identification variable. , and advantageously time and tariff information, to an access terminal, not shown, specific to the user of the vehicle 24.

The access terminal comprises, for example, a fourth communication element, compliant with the first protocol, and the transmission step is, for example, carried out via data transmission between the fourth communication element and the communication device 24.

The method then comprises a step of paying a parking fee by the user, via the access terminal, from the identification variable, identifying information, and advantageously time and price information. The payment step is, for example, carried out from a payment interface accessible from the Internet and via the entry of the identification variable, identification information and data relating to the payment, such as a credit card number. During the payment step, the user chooses, for example, the desired parking time and validates the payment from the access terminal, that is to say from his phone.

Alternatively, the payment step is performed from the communication to the communication device 24, by the access terminal, data relating to the payment. In this variant, the communication device 24 then transmits the payment data, the identification variable and the identification information to the central management unit 18 which is able to process these data for the payment to be made.

FIG. 3 shows the operation of the management method at the level of the central unit 18.

During the course of the steps 100 to 112 presented above, the management method comprises at the level of the central unit 18 a waiting step 114, during which the third communication element 54 waits for the arrival messages Ma and starting Md from the collection unit 28.

Then, following the retransmission step 106, the central unit 18 receives the arrival message Ma and performs a processing step 116 of the data retrieved via the arrival message Ma retransmitted by the collection unit 28 .

More generally, following the reception of an arrival message Ma by the central unit 18, the processing step 116 is performed. The processing step 116 then comprises an identification step 116A of the vehicle and / or the user of the vehicle detected from the identification information Id or Id included in the arrival message Ma and the first descriptive data. stored by the first storage module 60. Following the completion of the identification step 116A, the identity of the parked user is for example determined as well as advantageously the registration of the parked vehicle. The processing step 116 also comprises a step 116B of association of the vehicle and / or the identified user with the location on which it is parked, according to the identification variable Vd included in the arrival message. Ma and first and second descriptive data stored by the first storage module 60. During the association step, an association table associating each vehicle and / or identified user the location on which it is parked is stored .

During the association step 116, a pair identifying identification variable number with which associated first and second corresponding descriptive data is for example stored by the central unit 18 in the association table.

Thus, following the association step 116, the user of the vehicle 22 is identified as having his vehicle parked on the location 14B. The central management unit 18 therefore knows the location of the vehicle and is able to geo-locate the location or locations on which the vehicle is parked.

Then, the processing step 116 comprises a step 116C of analysis of compliance with the parking rules by each vehicle 22 and / or each user identified in the identification step 116A. The analysis step is performed according to the location associated with each vehicle and / or each user in the association step 116B and includes, for example, the comparison of the first and second descriptive data. Thus, in the analysis step 116C, the type of the location is, for example, compared to the type of vehicle associated with the location or type of person using the vehicle associated with the location.

As a result of the processing step 116, the method comprises, when the analysis instructions 68 determine a non-compliance with the parking rules for a parking space and / or a given vehicle and / or user (s), an alerting step 118 during which an alert signal is transmitted to the control terminal via the third communication element 54. Thus, a non-compliance with the parking rules at a given location is for example indicated in FIGS. persons authorized to issue fines. Then, following the alert step 118, the waiting step 114 is repeated.

Otherwise, following the processing step 116, the waiting step 114 is repeated.

Moreover, following the retransmission step 112, the central unit 18 receives the start message Md and performs a processing step 120 of the data retrieved via the departure message Md retransmitted by the collection unit 28.

More generally, following the reception of a starting message Md by the central unit 18, the processing step 120 is performed.

During the processing step 120, the location associated with the identification variable Vd included in the departure message Md is disassociated from the vehicle and / or from the user with which it was associated, that is to say removed from the association table. Thus, during the processing step 120, the identifying identification variable-identification number pair comprising the identification variable Vd included in the initial message Md is for example removed from the association table.

Alternatively, during the processing step 120, a total parking time for a given vehicle and / or user at a given location is calculated based on dates included in the departure Md and arrival messages Ma. included in the arrival messages Ma are for example stored in the association table and the total parking time is calculated, following the reception of a departure message Md, by comparing the date included in the start message Md with the date stored in the association table and associated with the identification variable Vd included in the start message Md.

Then, as a result of the processing step 120, the waiting step 114 is repeated.

According to another variant, the arrival messages Ma comprise a date of arrival of the vehicle and the central unit 18 regularly calculates the parking time for each detected vehicle whose identification information Id is included in the association table. . Then, as a result of calculating the parking time, the central unit 18 executes the analysis instructions 68 and determines a non-compliance with the parking rules when the parking time is greater than a predetermined time.

Advantageously, when a vehicle is particularly long and is positioned above two adjacent checking units 26A, 26B, steps 100 to 112 are performed by the two adjacent checking units 26A, 26B and, in step d 116B association, the vehicle and / or the user of the vehicle is associated with the two locations 14A, 14B. Thus, during the analysis step, compliance with the parking rules is determined for the two locations 14A, 14B. In addition, during the processing step 120, the two locations 14A, 14B are disassociated from the vehicle and / or the user.

In a second embodiment of the invention, shown in FIG. 4, elements similar to those of the first embodiment bear the same references. Only the differences between the first and second embodiments will be presented later and similar elements will not be described again. The parking management facility 210 shown in FIG. 4 differs from the first embodiment in that the verification units 26A, 26B, 26C comprise an element 212A, 212B, 212C for storing a communication identifier with at least an adjacent verification unit and a 214A, 214B, 214C element for generating a control message to the adjacent verification unit. The stored communication identifier is, for example, the identification variable Vd of the nearest adjacent verification unit 26A, 26B, 26C.

In the example of FIG. 4, the storage element 212B of the verification unit 26B stores, for example, the identification variable Vd of the verification unit 26A.

Each generation element 214B is clean, following the detection of a vehicle 22 parked on the location 14B with which it is associated, to generate the control message which controls the recovery of the identification information Id of the detected vehicle 22 by the adjacent verification unit 26A.

An example of operation of the installation according to the second embodiment of the invention will be presented later, thanks to the implementation of the management method of the use of parking locations shown in Figure 5.

The description of the management method is made for the location 14B and the vehicle 22, but the operation is the same for each location 14A, 14B, 140, that is to say for each verification unit 26A, 26B, 26C .

The management method illustrated in FIG. 5 comprises detection, communication and recording steps 302 that are broadly similar to those of the method illustrated in FIG. 2 and have the same references increased by 200. The second embodiment differs from the first embodiment. embodiment in that following the steps of detection 300 and communication 302 and previously at the storage step 304 a step 303A for transmitting the control message to another identification unit 26A, c that is, another communication member 40A is made. Then, following the transmission step 303A, the method comprises a data communication step 303B between the other communication element 40A and the communication unit 24 associated with the detected vehicle 22. Following the communication step 303B, the identification unit 26B having detected the vehicle 22 and the other adjacent checking unit 26A communicated with the communication unit 34 associated with the detected vehicle 22 to retrieve the information Identification Id.

Then, during the storage step 304, the verification unit 26B and the other identification unit 26A each transmit to the data collection unit 28 an arrival message Ma which comprises, on the one hand, , the verification unit identification variable Vd having detected the vehicle and the identification information Id recovered by the verification unit 26B for the verification unit 26B and, on the other hand, the variable Vd of identification of the verification unit having detected the vehicle and identification information Id recovered by the verification unit 26A. The collection unit 28 then stores the identification information Id and the identification variables included in the arrival messages Ma.

During a retransmission step 306, the collection unit 28 retransmits, via the second communication element 52, the arrival messages Ma to the central management unit 18, which then retrieves the identification information Id and the identification variables included in the arrival messages Ma.

Then, following the retransmission step 306, the central unit 18 receives the arrival messages Ma and performs a step 307 of processing the data retrieved via the arrival messages Ma retransmitted by the collection unit 28. The processing step 307 is generally similar to the step 116 except that during the identification step, the vehicle and / or the user of the detected vehicle is identified from the identification information included in the two arrival messages Ma and the first descriptive data stored by the first storage module 60. Thus, the identification information Id obtained by the verification units 26B, 26A are compared in order to make the identification more robust, especially in the case where one of the verification units 26A, 26B can not establish communication with the communication device 24 of the detected vehicle.

In a third embodiment of the invention, shown in FIG. 6, elements similar to those of the first embodiment bear the same references. Only the differences between the third and the first embodiments will be presented later and similar elements will not be described again. The parking management facility 410 shown in FIG. 6 differs from the first embodiment in that the verification units 26A, 26B, 26C comprise a treatment element 412A, 412B, 412C.

Each processing element 412A, 412B, 412C is adapted to store and execute programming code instructions 414A, 414B, 414C for generating a comparison table comprising the identification information Id associated with vehicles located in a zone predetermined around the identification unit.

Each processing element 412A, 412B, 412C is also capable of storing and executing program code instructions 416A, 416B, 416C identifying each detected vehicle and / or the user of the detected vehicle.

In addition, the verification units 26A, 26B, 26C comprise an element 418A, 418B, 418C for storing a communication identifier with an adjacent verification unit and an element 420A, 420B, 420C for generating a control message. to the adjacent verification unit, as was presented in the second embodiment.

An example of operation of the installation according to the third embodiment of the invention will be presented later, through the implementation of the management method of the use of parking locations shown in Figure 7.

The description of the management method is for location 14B and vehicle 22 but the operation is the same for each location 14A, 14B, 14C, i.e., for each verification unit 26A, 26B, 26C.

In the third embodiment, the method comprises an initial step 496 of communication, at a first instant, data between the communication member 40B of the location 14B and the communication unit 34 of each vehicle 22 located in a predetermined area around the location 14B.

Advantageously, this initial step 496 is repeated twice in order to recover only the identification information associated with the parked vehicles and not with the vehicles circulating around the verification unit 26B. The verification unit 26B then knows the identification information Id associated with the vehicles parked in the predetermined zone.

Then, following the initial step 496, the method comprises a step 498 for generating a comparison table comprising for each vehicle located in the predetermined zone at the first instant the id identification information retrieved during the step 496. Thus, the verification unit 26B has a comparison table storing the identification information Id associated with the vehicles around it.

Then, a detection step 500 similar to the detection step presented for the first embodiment is performed. Following the detection of a vehicle during the detection step 500, the method comprises a step 502 of communication, at a second instant after the first instant, of data between the communication member 40B associated with the location 14B and the communication unit 34 of each vehicle located in the predetermined area,

Then, during an identification step 503, the detected vehicle 22 and / or the user of the detected vehicle is identified according to the comparison table obtained for the first instant and Id identification information communicated during the first time. 502. More specifically, during the identification step 503, the identification information associated with the detected vehicle is determined by comparing the identification information Id included in the comparison table and the identification information. Ids obtained at the communication step 502.

Then, during the storage step 504, the verification unit 26B then transmits to the data collection unit 28 the arrival message Ma which comprises the identification information Id determined at the identification step 503 and the identification variable Vd. The collection unit 28 then stores the identification information Id and the identification variable Vd included in the arrival message Ma.

Advantageously, if as a result of the identification step 503 no vehicle and / or user of the detected vehicle is identified, the method comprises a step 506 of issuing an identification information recovery command message. Id to another communication device 40A associated with another location. Advantageously, the control message is destined for the adjacent verification unit 26A and comprises the identification variable Vd of the adjacent verification unit and the identification variable Vd of the verification unit which has detected the vehicle 22 and which transmits the command message.

Then, following receipt of the control message by the adjacent verification unit 26A, the method comprises, for example, communication 508 and identification 510 steps similar to steps 502 and 503 and performed by the unit. adjacent communication.

Then, if as a result of the identification step 510, performed by the adjacent verification unit 26A, the vehicle and / or the user of the detected vehicle is identified, the adjacent verification unit 26A transmits to the collection unit 28 an arrival message Ma which then comprises the identification information Id determined at the identification step and the identification variable Vd of the verification unit 26B having detected the vehicle at step 500 .

Advantageously, during the transmission step 506, the control message also comprises the identification variable Vd of another adjacent verification unit 26C. Then, if as a result of the identification step 510 performed by the adjacent verification unit 26A no vehicle and / or user of the detected vehicle is identified, another control message for recovery of the identification information Id is sent to the other adjacent verification unit 26C and communication and identification steps similar to those presented above are performed.

In the fourth embodiment of the invention, shown in FIG. 8, elements similar to those of the second embodiment bear the same references. Only the differences between the second and fourth embodiments will be presented later and similar elements will not be described again.

The fourth embodiment relates to the variant mentioned above in the first embodiment, where a user has an access terminal 608, such as a mobile phone. The access terminal 608 is, for example, provided with a fourth communication element, not shown, according to the first protocol and able to communicate with a given communication device 24 and a fifth communication element, not shown, according to the third protocol and allowing the user to access, for example, a payment interface.

In a variant, the access terminal 608 is replaced by a control terminal available to a parking control agent. The parking management facility 610 shown in FIG. 8 comprises six verification units 26A, 26B, 26C, 26D, 26E, 26F, a central management unit 18 and a data collection unit 28.

In addition, in Figure 8, two vehicles parked on a parking space and provided with a respective communication device 24 are shown.

FIG. 9 illustrates, in a simplified manner, using a logic diagram, the method implemented to ensure collaborative operation of the verification units 26A, 26B, 26C, 26D, 26E, 26F. The method shown in FIG. 9 illustrates a variant of the method presented in FIG. 5, in the case where, instead of two verification units, three verification units are used collaboratively to identify the vehicle parked at a given location.

When a verification unit 26A detects a vehicle movement, it communicates with the communication devices in the vicinity and sends a dated request to the neighboring verification units 26B, 26D to search for communication devices 24 in the vicinity. In return, the neighboring verification units 26B, 26D broadcast, in particular towards the verification unit 26A, a list of communication devices present in the vicinity with their date or time of first detection. By analyzing past and present lists of nearby communication devices and the date or time of first detection obtained the verification unit 26A and the neighboring verification units 26B, 26D, the verification unit 26A is able to associate a motion detection at the appearance or disappearance of a communication device 24 in his environment and therefore the vehicle or the user at the origin of the event.

The number of verification units 26A, 26B, 26D involved in the movement makes it possible to estimate the space occupied or released by the vehicle.

The number of verification units 26A, 26B, 26D is three in this example but is capable of being greater than or less than three.

The collaborative method presented above advantageously makes it possible to overcome an absence of communication between a verification unit 26A and a communication device 24, by creating a redundancy of paths to acquire the expected data. Such an absence of communication results, for example, from local disturbed wave propagation conditions, for example, by interference or masking between transmitter and receiver.

The collaborative method presented above thus makes it possible to improve the quality and reliability of the information collected by introducing a collaborative operation of the verification units 26A to 26F.

In a variant, each communication device 24 carries an accelerometer component and is capable of transmitting intelligence data on the state of stop or motion in which the carrier vehicle is located. This information confirms that the vehicle is parked. The introduction of a Bluetooth Low Energy solution, in a device dedicated to parking advantageously gives the ability to interact with the user via his mobile phone or a digital tablet.

In the four embodiments presented above, the use of the Bluetooth communication protocol and in particular the Bluetooth Low Energy communication protocol makes it possible to facilitate communication between the various elements forming the installation 10, 210, 410, 610 and in particular between the communication device 24 and the communication members 40A, 40B, 40C, and between the communication device 24 and the control terminal and the access terminal. The use of the Bluetooth Low Energy communication protocol also makes it possible to obtain a more robust, less expensive installation whose dimensions are optimized.

The quality and reliability of the information exchanged is optimized by promoting, through the choice of appropriate communication solutions, the interaction between the parking space management system and the various users, namely the motorists and the agents in charge of parking. compliance with the parking rules. More generally, the parking management installations 10, 210, 410, 610 presented above make it possible to make new services hitherto inaccessible.

In addition, the ability of the elements operating in accordance with the Bluetooth Low Energy protocol to operate without prior pairing with each other facilitates communication.

In addition, the Bluetooth protocol and in particular the Bluetooth Low Energy protocol offers a communication range of the order of a few meters which allows interaction between the communication devices and the verification units less constraining than shorter-range protocols which require that the user approaches a few centimeters to establish a communication.

Moreover, the limited range of the Bluetooth Low Energy technology makes it possible to limit the predetermined zone around each verification unit 26A, 26B, 26C, in which each verification unit 26A, 26B, 26C is able to communicate with a communication device 24. This makes it possible in particular to limit the number of communication devices 24 with which each communication member 40A, 40B, 40C is able to communicate, to those present in the predetermined zone, which reduces the risks of erroneous association of a vehicle and / or a user at a parking space.

In addition, the Bluetooth Low Energy communication protocol is increasingly embedded in both consumer and professional devices, which makes it possible to contribute objects, not belonging to the parking management system 16, to enrichment and improvement of the service rendered. The objects concerned are, for example, the access terminals, that is to say including smart phones also called smartphones or communicating tablets of a user, vehicle computers, control terminals assigned to the forces of order. The user is, for example, able to communicate via his smartphone with the communication device to retrieve identification information Id then to make a parking payment via his smartphone.

In addition, the Bluetooth Low Energy communication protocol is a very low cost and very low consumption protocol, which makes it easier to implement the management installation and to improve its autonomy of operation. Thus, advantageously, the communication devices 24 and the verification units 26A, 26B, 26C do not require any connection to a wired energy or communication network, which facilitates the implementation and the deployment of the management installation. 10 and in particular the management system 16.

The second embodiment makes it possible to obtain a management installation that is less sensitive to identifying errors of vehicles and / or users of vehicles and therefore more robust.

Finally, the third embodiment of the invention makes it possible to ensure a reliable recovery of the identification information Id contained in the communication devices by involving, if necessary, several verification units for the identification of a vehicle and / or of a vehicle user. The third embodiment ensures the proper operation of the installation even when obstacles in the parking space 14 interfere with communication.

The embodiments and variants envisaged above are suitable for being combined with one another to give rise to other embodiments of the invention.

Claims (10)

1. - A method of managing the use of a parking space defining at least one parking space (14A, 14B, 14C) for receiving a vehicle (22), characterized in that the method comprises, for each location (14A, 14B, 14C), the steps of: - a) detecting (100; 300; 500) the presence of a vehicle (22) at the location (14A, 14B, 14C), the vehicle (22), ) being provided with a communication device (24) comprising a memory (32) for storing information associated with the vehicle (22) and / or a user of the vehicle and a communication unit (34), - b) the communicating (102; 302; 502) data between a communication member (40A, 40B, 40C) associated with the location (14A, 14B, 14C) and the communication unit (34), the data comprising at least one information associated with the vehicle (22) and / or the vehicle user (22), the data being communicated via sig radio frequencies between 2.4 MHz and 2.483 MHz, and the communication unit (34) and the communication member (40A, 40B, 40C) being adapted to operate in nominal operation with a current of power supply whose maximum value is strictly less than 15 mA, the communication unit (34) and the communication element (40A, 40B, 40C) being preferably adapted to operate in nominal operation in accordance with an operation in accordance with Bluetooth protocol, and - c) the transmission (104, 106; 304, 306) of at least one of the information associated with the vehicle (22) and / or the user of the vehicle (22) to a parking processing central unit (18). 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein during the communication step b), the communication unit and the communication member are connected to each other. capable of operating in nominal operation in accordance with the Bluetooth Low Energy protocol. 3. - Method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein, during the communication step b) (302), the method comprises the following steps: - b ') the transmission (303A) of a message of control for retrieving the information associated with the vehicle (22) and / or a user of the vehicle (22) destined for at least one other communication element (40A, 40B, 40C) associated with another location (14A, 14B, 14C), - b ") communicating (303B) the data between the other communication means (40A, 40B, 40C) and the communication unit (34), wherein in the transmission step c) (304, 306), the method comprises for the or each other communication element the following step: - c ') the transmission (304, 306) of at least one of the information associated with the vehicle (22) and / or with the user of the vehicle (22) to the central processing unit (18) for treatment, and in which, as a result of the transmission step c) (304, 306), the method comprises the following step: d) the identification (307) by the central management unit (18) of the detected vehicle (22) and / or a user of the vehicle (22) detected according to the information or information associated with the vehicle (22) and / or the user of the vehicle (22) transmitted. A method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein following the step of communicating b) (102; 502) the method comprises the following step: b1) identifying (116A; 503,510) the vehicle (22) detected and / or the user of the vehicle (22) detected from the information or information associated with the vehicle (22) and / or the vehicle user (22) communicated during the step of communication b) (102; 502). 5. - Method according to claim 4, wherein, during the communication step b) (502) the data communication is performed between the communication member (40A, 40B, 40C) associated with the location (14A , 14B, 14C) and the communication unit (34) of each vehicle (22) located in a predetermined area around the location (14A, 14B, 14C), the data comprising at least one of the information associated with each vehicle (22) and / or to the user of each vehicle (22) located in the predetermined zone, wherein, prior to the detection step a) (500), the method comprises the following step: - a1) the communication (496), at a first instant, data between the communication member (40A, 40B, 40C) associated with the location (14A, 14B, 14C) and the communication unit (34) of each vehicle ( 22) located in a predetermined area, - a2) generating (498) a comparison table comprising for c haque vehicle (22) located in the predetermined area at the first moment, at least one of the information associated with the vehicle (22) and / or the user of the vehicle (22), and wherein, during the identification step b1) (503), the detected vehicle (22) and / or the user of the detected vehicle (22) is identified according to the comparison table obtained for the first instant and at least one of the information associated with the vehicle ( 22) and / or to the user of the vehicle (22) communicated during the communication step b) (502) at a second instant after the first instant. 6. - Method according to claim 4 or 5, wherein, if during the identification step b1) (503) no vehicle (22) is identified, the method comprises following the step of identification b1) (503) the following steps: - b3) transmitting (506) a control message retrieving the information associated with the vehicle (22) and / or the vehicle user (22) destined for another communication member (40A, 40B, 40C) associated with another location (14A, 14B, 14C), - b4) communicating (508) data between the other communication member (40A, 40B, 40C) and the communication unit (34), and - b5) the identification (510) of the detected vehicle (22) and / or the user of the detected vehicle (22), according to the data communicated to the other organ communication device (40A, 40B, 40C). 7. - Method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein during the communication step b), the data communicated comprise an identification variable (Vd) of the communication member (40A, 40B, 40C) associated with the location, and advantageously time and tariff information, and in which following the communication step b) the method comprises the following steps: - the transmission of at least one of the information associated with the vehicle and / or to the user of the vehicle stored by the communication device (24), the identification variable (Vd), and advantageously time and price information, to an access terminal to an interface of payment, and - the payment of a parking fee via the access terminal. 8. - Communication device (24) adapted to be associated with a vehicle (22) and / or a user of the vehicle (22), the communication device (24) comprising a memory (32) able to store associated information to the vehicle (22) and / or the user of the vehicle (22) and a communication unit (34), characterized in that the communication unit (34) is able to communicate data comprising at least one of the information associated with the vehicle (22) and / or the vehicle user (22) via radio signals having a frequency of between 2.4 MHz and 2.483 MHz, and in that the communication unit (34) is clean to operate in nominal operation with a power supply current whose maximum value is strictly less than 15 mA, preferably delivered by a power supply member (36) which includes either a solar panel or a sensor capable of transforming the power supply. ' vibratory energy of the vehicle (22) into electrical energy, the communication unit (34) is preferably able to operate in nominal operation according to an operation conforming to the Bluetooth protocol. 9. - Verification unit (26A, 26B, 26C) parking at a parking space (14A, 14B, 14C), the verification unit (26A, 26B, 26C) being adapted to be associated with the location ( 14A, 14B, 14C), characterized in that the verification unit (26A, 26B, 26C) comprises: - a detector (38A, 38B, 38C) for the presence of a vehicle (22) on the location (14A , 14B, 14C), - a clean radio communication member (40A, 40B, 40C), following the detection of a vehicle (22) at the location (14A, 14B, 14C), recovering data transmitted via radio signals having a frequency of between 2.4 MHz and 2.483 MHz, and in that the communication element (40A, 40B, 40C) is capable of operating in nominal operation with a power supply current of which the maximum value is strictly less than 15 mA, the communication element (40A, 40B, 40C) being preferably clean in nominal operation in accordance with the Bluetooth protocol. 10. - System (16) for managing the use of a parking space defining at least one parking space (14A, 14B, 14C) for receiving a vehicle (22), the system (16) being adapted to interacting with a communication device (24) associated with each vehicle (22) and comprising a verification unit (26A, 26B, 26C) of the parking space associated with each location (14A, 14B, 14C), characterized in that each communication (24) is according to claim 8 and each checking unit (26A, 26B, 26C) is according to claim 9, in that for each location (14A, 14B, 14C), following detection of the one of the vehicles (22) by the associated detector (38A, 38B, 38C), the communication member (40A, 40B, 40C) is adapted to recover the data communicated by the communication unit (34) associated with the vehicle ( 22), and in that the system (16) comprises for each location (14A, 14B, 14C ) transmission means (44A, 44b, 44C, 28) of at least one of the information associated with the vehicle (22) and / or the user of the vehicle (22) detected to a central unit (18) parking management system to process the transmitted information.