FR3023553A1 - PROCESS FOR PREPARING COLD BITUMINOUS COATINGS - Google Patents

Abstract

Process for the preparation of cold bituminous coatings, in particular surface wearing coatings (ESU), comprising the steps of preparing a layer of bituminous binder, preparation and supply of a granulate comprising at least a first aggregate fraction coated with lime, and forming said cold bituminous coating formed of at least one layer of said interpenetrated granulate in said binder layer, cold bituminous coating composition, comprising such lime-coated granules and use of lime for coating aggregates in the preparation of bituminous pavement.

Description

The present invention relates to a process for improving the adhesiveness (at the interface) of the binder to the granulate, the cohesion (in the mass) and the setting speed (cohesion). over time) cold bituminous coatings, in particular Superficial Wear Coatings (ESU). More particularly, the present invention relates to a process for the preparation of cold bituminous coatings, in particular surface wear coatings (ESU), comprising the steps of a) Preparation of a bituminous binder, b) Preparation of a granulate comprising at least a first granulate fraction, and c) forming said cold bituminous coating formed of at least said interpenetrated granulate in said binder.

Such methods of preparing cold bituminous coatings are well known. In general, bituminous coatings are obtained from a mixture of aggregates and a bituminous binder. More specifically, cold bituminous coatings are distinguished from hot or warm bituminous coatings depending on the manner in which this bituminous binder is supplied. Thus, in the case of hot bituminous coatings, bitumen being too viscous at room temperature, it must be softened by heating at temperatures of the order of 160 ° C to be manipulated. Also, the aggregates must be dried to allow a good coating with hot bitumen. The coating is manufactured accordingly at a temperature of the order of 160 ° C. To avoid or at least reduce energy consumption and associated emissions (fumes, greenhouse gases, etc.), other techniques have been developed. As such, warm bituminous coatings (also sometimes called semi-warm) allow, by the use of additives and / or by a clever modification of the hot industrial process, to reduce the manufacturing temperatures from 10 to 60 ° C. . However, the step of drying the aggregates is still necessary and the industrial process then remains very close to that of the hot bituminous coating. Also, the bitumen remains manipulated at temperatures of the order of 160 ° C. As such, warm mixes are presented by the road industry as being comparable in all respects to hot mixes, with the exception of their temperature of implementation. In the case of cold bituminous coatings, the systematic drying of the granulate is no longer necessary and these techniques therefore use processes completely different from those used for hot or lukewarm. Indeed, the bitumen is then made manipulable at room temperature mainly via its emulsification, but also via the use of fluxed bitumen or bitumen foam. As a result of this way of providing the binder, the cold bituminous coatings are subjected to a setting phenomenon, which is manifested by the fact that their final properties are not obtained instantaneously and that we go from an initial state sufficient "fluid" for implementation, a cohesive final state that resists traffic, with a kinetics ranging from a few tens of minutes to several years. The formulator must therefore control its cohesion (overall ability to withstand traffic-related efforts), adhesion (ability to maintain a long-lasting link between binder and granulate) and the setting speed (kinetics of transition from initial state to the final state). Bitumen emulsions are emulsions comprising emulsified bitumen in an aqueous phase. In practice, the bitumen emulsions are mainly cationic emulsions, that is to say obtained using positively charged emulsifiers. The most common emulsifiers are organic compounds from the class of amines, pasty or liquid at room temperature. Since these emulsifiers are generally insoluble in water, a sufficient amount of an inorganic or organic acid is added in order to ionize the amine functions of the emulsifiers to allow their dissolution in water. In some cases, it may also be advantageous to use together another emulsifier, for example an amphoteric surfactant. Road techniques combining the use of bitumen emulsions and granulate are jointly known as "cold techniques". It also adds the techniques based on fluxed bitumen (made fluid by adding solvent) or bitumen foam (on undried aggregate only, not to be confused with the dry and hot granular bitumen foam techniques which then appear to warm mixes). Cold techniques advantageously make it possible to dispense with the energy-consuming step of drying the granulate, necessary in hot or warm techniques to ensure good adhesion of the binder to the granulate in the presence of anhydrous binder. In cold bituminous coatings, this bonding is ensured despite the presence of water, since the emulsifier is chosen so as to also act as a dope of adhesiveness (see below).

In cold bituminous coatings, the bituminous binder is therefore typically prepared in the form of a bituminous emulsion or a fluxed bitumen and is applied to the surface to be coated, for example the surface of a roadway. The bituminous binder can be applied to a layer of granulate already laid on the surface or before laying the layer of aggregate.

Alternatively, the bituminous binder and the granulate can be first mixed together, and then spread over the surface to be coated. In any case, the two materials (the granulate and the binder) interpenetrate and take hold together. For the purposes of the present invention, the term "cold bituminous coating" means surface wear coatings ([SU] and cold mixes which include cold-poured mixes (ECF), cold-dense mixes, gravels -emulsion or else emulsion reprocessing (see the "Bitumen Emulsion" document cited below), where the emulsion is mixed with the granulate, which may consist exclusively or partly of asphalt aggregates (with meaning of EN 13108-8). The technique of the ESU consists of bringing the binder by one or more layers, followed or preceded by the contribution of one or more layers of aggregates. In this case, the binder is generally provided either in the form of bitumen emulsion or in the form of fluxed bitumen. ECF is a form of thin coating that has a field of use close to ESU. On the other hand, it differs by the formulation, which is systematically based on bitumen emulsion, and by the processes of implementation, which use dedicated machines which carry all the ingredients (wet granulate, water, emulsion of bitumen, milk of lime and other possible additives) and spread them in a single operation at high yield. EN 12271 describes surface wear compounds (ESU), while EN 12273 is used for cold-cast asphalt (ECF). The document published by the Bitumen Road Emulsion Manufacturers' Section (SFERB) of the Union of French Road Trade Union Unions (USIRF), entitled "Emulsions of Bitumen" (Paris: General Review of Roads and Aerodromes Ed ., 2006) particularly describes techniques and processes using bitumen emulsions as binder such as ESU, ECF and all cold techniques. The problem of asphalt emulsion road techniques is that the water serves only as a vector to bring the bitumen and must then disappear to leave only the binder. The set of physicochemical processes allowing the passage of the emulsion to the final bitumen film is generally called in the profession "disruption of the emulsion". The rupture thus means the passage for the binder, from an initial state where it is dispersed in aqueous phase (emulsion) to a final state where it constitutes a continuous film, more or less rigid, often called "residual binder" . This phenomenon occurs naturally, by progressive evaporation of water. However, depending in particular on applications, site constraints and climate (temperature, air humidity, wind, ...), the breakage of the emulsion can be accelerated with one or more additives commonly known as emulsion breaker. Under these conditions, the use of lime to cause the rupture of the emulsion is a known solution but little used because of the violence of the reaction. The use of lime as a breaker is that it neutralizes the acid and thus takes the surfactant in a pH range where it loses its charge and therefore its surfactant character. Lime being a strong base, this reaction is difficult to control and generates a break often described as violent. Due to the violence of the rupture, its implementation at the industrial level is limited to rare cases of asphalt emulsion road techniques where the formulator has been able to adjust this breaking violence with the operational specificities of the application. (i) using lime milk supplied in stabilized concentrated form or made in-situ (adding hydrated lime to a formulation that already contains water) in ECF where all the ingredients are mixed together during of a single operation (wet aggregate, water, bitumen emulsion, milk of lime and other possible additives) or (ii) thanks to lime-milk made in-situ in the reprocessing in place with the emulsion of bitumen where the ingredients are also kneaded together in a single step (old asphalt millate, water, bitumen emulsion, hydrated lime and other possible additives).

The main application of asphalt emulsions in terms of asphalt pavement is the ESU technique. This technique is economical and is well suited to moderately trafficked roads which constitute the bulk of the local road network (departmental network, particularly in France).

Unfortunately, the use of lime milk as a breaker added directly to the emulsion does not work in the ESU because the rupture is too violent and promotes the formation of broken skin on the surface, trapping water below .

Superficial wear coatings (ESU) also suffer from a major disadvantage: they do not withstand the efforts related to traffic at a young age, that is to say shortly after their implementation. This results in a risk of projection of aggregates that can cause breakage of windshields. For this purpose, the formulator seeks to accelerate the setting speed and / or improve the adhesion of the binder to the granulate and / or the cohesion of the binder. This disadvantage has been the subject of research and development which has resulted in certain solutions as described in the document "Code of good practice of superficial coatings", CRR Ed .: Brussels, 2001 - Recommendations R 71/01, http: //www.brrc.be/publications/r/r7101.pdf - "Road Research Center (RRC)". According to this document, the solutions for improving the adhesiveness of the binder to the aggregate are summarized as follows: 1 °) the aggregate should be as clean as possible (free of fines in particular) and dry especially if the ESU is based on fluxed bitumen, 2 °) if despite the use of a clean aggregate, adhesiveness is insufficient, the use of a dope is a usual solution. Dope is typically a surface-active organic compound, and often an amine surfactant, which is similar to bitumen emulsifiers. The dope can be put into the binder (in the case of bitumen emulsions, the emulsifier is chosen to act as a dope as well), on the granulate (pre-coating of the granulate with the surfactant) or on the interface between the binder and the granulate. In this second case, one of the disadvantages, in particular with regard to the treatment of the granulate, is the control of low levels of organic additives (usual dosage of 0.1 to 0.5% by weight of dilute solutions of surfactant relative to the granulate) . Also, these surfactants are generally amino derivatives obtained by complex and polluting organic synthesis processes, with unfavorable eco-toxicological profiles (in particular, many are classified as dangerous for the environment). It should be noted that hydrated lime is known to have a role similar to that of adhesiveness dopes, when it is added to hot mixes or warm. Thus, the formulator who uses an emulsifier also playing the role of dope is not tempted to also add lime, because it would duplicate and therefore would be an unnecessary extra. For fluxed bitumen coatings, asphalt pre-coating of aggregates is a common solution to improve adhesiveness. On the other hand, it represents a considerable additional economic and operational cost, since the aggregates must pass through an industrial installation (coating plant) where they are dried and then coated with typically 1% by mass of bitumen. The environmental benefit of cold techniques is lost, since the energy-intensive drying of aggregates is then reintroduced. In the case of cold mixes, it is known to use sequential coating and / or double-coating emulsion techniques and / or the use of emulsions of different grades of bitumen to obtain a distribution. as homogeneous as possible of the binder on all the fractions. These methods also aim to increase adhesiveness, cohesion and setting speed of cold mixes but represent increased industrial complexity requiring major changes in the facilities and consequently a significant economic cost overrun. The object of the invention is to overcome the drawbacks of the state of the art by providing a process which makes it possible to increase the adhesiveness of the binder to the aggregate and the cohesion of the cold bituminous coating, without representing an economic cost and without presenting significant toxicological hazards.

For this purpose, it is provided according to the invention, a method as indicated at the beginning characterized in that said step of preparing said granulate comprises a step of coating said at least a first fraction of granulate with lime, by For example, it has been observed according to the present invention that the prior coating (treatment) of at least a first fraction of the road aggregate with lime to form a cold bituminous coating makes it possible to Increasing the adhesiveness of the binder to the aggregate and the cohesion and setting speed of the bituminous coating, especially at young age (setting phenomenon), without representing an economic cost and without presenting significant toxicological dangers. This also allows the collateral advantage of thus extending the period of implementation of these coatings, which are otherwise limited to favorable weather conditions, difficult to obtain in Europe outside the period from April to September (temperature of the support ideally above 10 ° C and low humidity). This also makes it possible to limit starts of aggregates at a young age, which limit the trafficability of the coatings right after their installation and can generate windscreen breaks. For the purposes of the present invention, the term "lime" means calcium hydrated lime, dolomitic hydrated lime, hydrated magnesia, calcium-magnesium hydrated lime, bright calcium lime, magnesia, calcium-containing quicklime. magnesian or dolomitic, quicklime with delayed reactivity, such as partially pre-hydrated lime, over-cooked quicklime, partially extinguished lime with exogenous additives and mixtures thereof, filter dusts, fly ash, in particular Calcium, Portland cements, hydraulic lime, building lime as defined in EN 459-1, and mixtures thereof.

The use of lime, in particular hydrated lime, is already known in hot bituminous coatings. In this case, the lime milk is added to the granulate before it is dried and then coated with the bitumen (see for example D. Lesueur, "Increasing the durability of asphalt mixtures with hydrated lime: A Critical Review of the Literature", Report the European Lime Association, Version 2, April 2010, National Lime Association, "How to Add Hydrated Lime and Asphalt - An Overview of Current Methods," National Lime Association Report, 2003 http://www.lime.org/documents/publications / free_downloads / how-to-addlime.pdf). This application, however, is distinct from those envisaged here, since hot mixes are different materials, manufactured according to specific processes and meeting different standards (series EN 13108-1 to 7 in Europe).

The use of hydrated lime in warm mixes is also already known. WO 12/009339 describes the use of whitewash to make a warm mix. Warm mixes are processes that are close to hot mixes and seek to achieve the same final properties by lowering the manufacturing temperature by different methods (additives, processes or a combination of both). There is no possible confusion between the coatings covered by the present invention and the use of lime milk in the treatment of aggregates for warm or hot mixes, since the industrial processes are different and the final products are properties and different standards.

In addition, to date, the use of lime has never been generalized in cold bituminous pavements. Indeed, cold bituminous coatings are mainly obtained based on bitumen emulsion or fluxed bitumen. Hydrated lime is known to be an emulsion breaker that is often too violent, thus favoring a break in skin in the ESU, and thus making its application very limited. The only area where it is currently used to a large extent includes ECF and reprocessing in place, for which an appropriate formulation must then be obtained but thanks to a very specific know-how mastered by a limited number of actors. This limitation was, moreover, to this day a major technical prejudice that largely excluded the skilled person from the solution provided by the present invention. It is therefore particularly surprising that the present invention makes it possible to obtain an adhesiveness of the binder to the improved granulate and to increase the cohesion and the setting speed of the cold bituminous coating by the coating of the granulate or a fraction thereof. of it by lime. Indeed, the recommendations recommend, especially for the ESU, to seek first to obtain a clean granulate and free of fines to improve the adhesiveness of the binder. Pre-lime-coated granulate is therefore a solution that goes against existing existing teachings. This, combined with the other technical prejudice residing in the fact that lime is a violent emulsion breaker, makes the present invention particularly surprising and inventive. In addition, the pre-coating solution of the granulate or a fraction of it with lime takes place, in its application and in principle, as a pre-treatment with the aid of surfactant, which allows the use without major modifications of currently used facilities required for existing processes, unlike asphalt pre-coating techniques. In addition, the lime coating is an inexpensive mineral solution, without toxicological and environmental hazards, easy to control in terms of verification of dosages compared to organic additives. The probable mechanisms of action are twofold. First, the amount of lime provided by this route consisting of a surface treatment makes it possible to be more easily controlled than by a mass mixture of all the constituents. In this way, the violent breaking effect is limited to a small amount of emulsion. Then, this rupture is preferably on the surface of the aggregate where the lime is, thus promoting the anchoring of the bitumen droplets constituting the emulsion. This point therefore contributes to improving the adhesiveness, which in return ensures a more homogeneous distribution of the binder within the coating, which also helps to improve the cohesion. In an advantageous form of the present invention particularly targeted at in situ and ESU applications, a) said bituminous binder is brought onto a surface to be coated, to form a binder layer on said surface to be coated, b) said granulate is fed to said surface to be coated, before or after said bituminous binder, and c) said bituminous coating is formed of at least one layer of said interpenetrated granulate in said layer of said binder. In a variant according to the present invention, a) said bituminous binder is fed into a kneader, b) said granulate is fed into said kneader, during, before or after said bituminous binder, and c) said bituminous coating is formed of the mixture of said granulate interpenetrated in said binder and is applied to a surface to be coated. The mixture of the coated granulate and the binder can therefore, in an alternative to the preparation of the bituminous coating in situ, be prepared in a coating plant, possibly mobile or installed on a self-propelled platform, before its implementation on the floor. Advantageously, in the process according to the present invention, said step of coating said at least one first granulate fraction comprises an application of a lime composition to said at least one first fraction of granulate by dipping, dipping, spraying, spraying or mixture with a lime content of 0.05 to 2% expressed as hydroxide equivalent (Ca (OH) 2 and / or Mg (OH) 2) relative to the weight of granulate. It has indeed been observed according to the present invention that the particular lime content range of between 0.05 and 2% makes it possible to improve the cohesion and the setting speed, as well as the adhesiveness of the binder to the granulate. As can be seen, this value range represents a relatively low consumption of the additive, but sufficient to simplify the assays. Values that are too small are often difficult to measure and the distribution on aggregates becomes doubtful. The treatment of the granulate or the granular fraction can be carried out by any appropriate means allowing a good control of the lime content, and can be adapted according to the pulverulent or liquid nature of the lime used. Without limitation, the granulate can be mixed with lime in a kneader, for example similar to those found in concrete plants. The lime can also be sprayed directly on the surface of the granulate by a sprinkler system conveyor or output of the gravel truck then using devices similar to the already marketed dope ramps. The treatment can be carried out just before bringing the granulate into contact with the emulsion or more upstream in the quarry, with storage being able to go to a few days. Longer storage is not recommended because it will induce carbonation of the lime which would then turn into calcium carbonate and therefore lose its activity.

In a particular embodiment, said lime is chosen from the group consisting of hydrated calcium lime, dolomitic hydrated lime, hydrated magnesia, calcomagnésian hydrated lime, bright calcium lime, magnesia, calcomagnesian or dolomitic quicklime, quicklime reactive lime, such as partially pre-hydrated lime, over-cooked quicklime, partially extinguished lime with exogenous additives and mixtures thereof, filter dusts, fly ash, in particular calcium, cements portland, hydraulic lime, building lime as defined in EN 459-1, and mixtures thereof. According to the present invention, the lime will therefore for example be chosen according to the granulate and in particular according to its water content. Indeed, it is intended according to the invention to treat a granulate too wet with quicklime in order to reduce the water content and obtain a lime milk in-situ, or to bring the lime in the form of hydrated lime dry, on a slightly moist granulate whose water content one does not want to modify, or to bring the lime in the form of whitewash. In this way, a custom solution can be envisaged depending on the initial water content of the aggregate and its desired final water content.

An excess of quicklime may also be used so as to have an exotherm reserve in contact with the water provided by the emulsion and / or the granulate and / or the cold process. Calcium hydrated lime consists of a set of solid particles, mainly calcium dihydroxide of formula Ca (OO) 2, and is the industrial result of the extinction of quicklime with water, reaction also called hydration. This product is also known as slaked lime. Subsequently, the calcium dihydroxide will be named simply calcium hydroxide. This slaked lime may also contain calcium oxide that would not have been hydrated during the quench, just as it may contain calcium carbonate CaCO3. This calcium carbonate can come either from the initial limestone which is derived from the slaked lime according to the invention (incuits), or from a partial carbonation reaction of the slaked lime in contact with the air. The calcium oxide content in the slaked lime in the context of the present invention is generally less than 3% by weight, preferably less than 2% and advantageously less than 1%. That of calcium carbonate is less than 10% by weight, preferably less than 6% and advantageously less than 4%, even more advantageously less than 3%. This slaked lime may also contain MgO magnesium oxide or Mg (OH) 2 or MgCO 3 type derived phases, generally representing a few tens of grams per kilogram. Nevertheless, the sum of these impurities, expressed in the form of MgO, advantageously does not exceed 5% by weight, preferably 3%, preferably 2% or even 1% by weight of the calcium hydrated lime according to the invention. The dolomitic hydrated lime consists of a set of solid particles, mainly calcium dihydroxide of formula Ca (OF1) 2, magnesium dihydroxide Mg (OH) 2 and magnesium oxide, and corresponding to the general formula has Ca (OH) 2.b Mg (OH) 2.c MgO. a, b and c represent mass fractions whose sum is from 60 to 100%. The particles additionally contain from 0 to 40% by mass fraction of various compounds D, which can obviously contain impurities, namely phases derived from SiO 2, Al 2 O 3, Fe 2 O 3, MnO, P 2 O 5 and / or SO 3, generally representing a few tens of grams per kilogram of lime. These solid particles may also contain, as compound D, calcium oxide which has not been hydrated during extinction, just as they may contain calcium carbonate CaCO 3 and / or magnesium MgCO 3, which may be combined. in the form of dolomite.

This dolomitic hydrated lime is the industrial result of the extinction of a live dolostone with water, a reaction also called hydration. This product is also known as extinct dolomitic lime. Subsequently, the dihydroxide of calcium and magnesium will be named simply calcium hydroxide or magnesium. The proportion of calcium and magnesium is typically dictated by the native proportion existing in the different ores and is typically between 0.8 and 1.2. The hydrated magnesies consist of a set of solid particles, mainly magnesium dihydroxide of formula Mg (OH) 2, and are the industrial result of the extinction of a live magnesium with water, reaction also called hydration. Calco-magnesium hydrated lime consists of a set of solid particles, mainly calcium dihydroxide of formula Ca (OH) 2, magnesium dihydroxide Mg (OH) 2 and magnesium oxide, and having the general formula a Ca (OH) 2b MgPI-1) 2.c MgO. a, b and c represent mass fractions whose sum is from 60 to 100%. The particles may also contain from 0 to 40% by mass fraction of various compounds D, which may obviously contain impurities, namely phases derived from SiO 2, Al 2 O 3, Fe 2 O 3, MnO, P 2 O 5 and / or SO 3, generally representing a few tens grams per kilogram of lime. These solid particles may also contain as calcium oxide D material that would not have been hydrated during extinction, just as they may contain calcium carbonate CaCO3 and / or magnesium MgCO3, possibly combined in the form of dolomite.

This hydrated calco-magnesian lime is the industrial result of the extinction of a live dolostone with water, a reaction also called hydration, or the result of mixing hydrated calcium lime and / or hydrated magnesia and / or hydrated lime. dolomitic. The proportion of calcium and magnesium is typically dictated by the proportion of the various added components and makes it possible to leave the native proportion existing in the different ores between 0.8 and 1.2. The term bright calcium lime, a solid mineral material, whose chemical composition is mainly calcium oxide, CaO. Quicklime is commonly obtained by calcination of limestone, mainly consisting of CaCO3. Quicklime contains impurities, namely, compounds such as magnesium oxide, MgO, silica, SiO 2 or alumina, Al 2 O 3, etc., up to a few percent. It is understood that these impurities are expressed in the aforementioned forms but may actually appear in different phases. It also usually contains a few percent of residual CaCO3, called incuits. In the sense of the present invention, the term "magnesium solid" is understood to mean a solid mineral material, the chemical composition of which is mainly magnesium oxide, MgO. Magnesia can be obtained by calcining magnesium carbonate, mainly consisting of MgCO3 or magnesium oxidation. Magnesia can therefore also contain impurities, namely compounds such as calcium oxide, CaO, silica, SiO 2 or alumina, Al 2 O 3, etc., up to a few percent. It is understood that these impurities are expressed in the aforementioned forms but may actually appear in different phases. Calcium-magnesian or dolomitic quicklime is a mineral solid whose chemical composition is mainly calcium oxide, CaO and magnesium oxide MgO. Calcium-magnesian or dolomitic quicklime is commonly obtained by calcination of dolomite, mainly consisting of CaCO3 and MgCO3. Quicklime contains impurities, namely, compounds such as silica, SiO 2 or alumina, Al 2 O 3, etc., up to a few percent. It is understood that these impurities are expressed in the aforementioned forms but may actually appear in different phases. It also usually contains a few percent of residual CaCO3 and MgCO3, called incuits. Depending on the fact that the quicklime additionally comprises an exogenous addition of MgO or CaO to vary the Ca / Mg proportion, it will be called calco-magnesian whereas if it is directly derived from the calcination of dolomite, it will be called lime. dolomitic live.

For the purposes of the present invention, quicklime is called delayed-reactivity, quicklime whose water reactivity measured by the t60 according to EN 459-2 is elongated. These lime typically include quick lime with exogenous additives, cooked over-cooked lime and partially prehydrated lime. The exogenous additive lime is a lime in which the quicklime particles are surface-treated, more particularly coated with a layer of a more or less water-sensitive additive which acts as a protective layer to delay the setting. contact with the water of the heart of quicklime. The prehydrated lime is also a surface-treated lime and more particularly a lime to which a small amount of water has been added, insufficiently so that all the particles of quicklime can be extinguished. Therefore, the part most accessible to water, that is to say the outer surface, will react with water to form slaked lime and we will get particles of quicklime (in their heart) at least partially coated with a layer of slaked lime on the outer surface. The over-cooked lime is a lime having undergone a mass treatment, it is in fact a densified lime, or sintered obtained by prolonged cooking and / or higher temperature of the quicklime. The over-cooked lime thus obtained is more difficult to access for water because it is somehow more compacted or tighter. Therefore, the reaction with water is delayed. In the case of filter dusts, fly ash, in particular calcium, portland cements, these are compounds providing lime immediately or delayed, the lime is formed as a consequence of the hydration of the cement. Preferably, said lime composition is a solid composition or a suspension such as a lime milk or a lime paste. The lime slurries can be diluted or concentrated, depending on the desired water content and can also be stabilized with additives to stabilize the dynamic viscosity of the milk of lime. Such suspensions of slaked lime or milk / pasta or cream of lime are commonly obtained by slaking lime with an excess of water (wide or not) or by suspending slaked powdered lime. The particles obtained are predominantly composed of calcium hydroxide or magnesium hydroxide, depending on the type of quicklime or hydrated used. The viscosity of a lime milk is a decisive property for the implementation and handling (pumping, transport in pipe, ...) of the suspension. To this end, the experiment has established that the dynamic viscosity of the suspension must be less than 2000 mPa.s, preferably less than 1500 mPa.s. Indeed, as mentioned above, the present invention provides different physical states or conditioning lime to treat the aggregate. It is therefore planned to treat a granulate too wet with quicklime pulverulent in order to reduce the water content and obtain a lime milk in-situ, or to bring the lime in the form of dry hydrated lime, on a granulate slightly damp, which one does not wish to modify the water content, or to bring the lime in the form of milk of lime. In this way, a custom solution can be envisaged depending on the initial water content of the aggregate and its desired final water content. In a particular embodiment of the process, said coating step further comprises a step of feeding an aqueous phase in particular, when a water intake is judicious or if the lime supply for the coating is made by mixing the powdered lime with the granulate or a first fraction of the granulate in a kneader. Advantageously, said granulate is selected from the group of gravel, sand and fillers, artificial aggregates, such as aggregates from deconstruction, special aggregates (light aggregates such as clays, schists or expanded slags, aggregates to high characteristic industrially developed such as calcined bauxites ...), aggregates of by-products of other industries (dairy, ...) and their mixtures.

More particularly, said granulate belongs to a granular class d / D expressed according to the standard EN 13043, in terms of lower d and upper sieve D dimensions of 0/4 to 0/30, in particular a granular class chosen from the group consisting of granular classes of 0/4, 0/6, 0/8, 0/10, 0/14, 0/20, 0/30 and mixtures thereof.

For the more specific case of ESU, said granulate belongs to a granular class d / D expressed in accordance with the standard EN 13043, in terms of lower d and upper sieve D dimensions of 2/4 to 10/14, in particular a granular class selected from the group consisting of granular classes 2/4, 2/6, 4/6, 6/10, 10/14 and mixtures thereof.

In the case of a cold coating formulation, different types of aggregates may be used. These aggregates can be gravel of various sizes, sand and fillers or a mixture of these aggregates, using several sizes of granulate. All gauges or a fraction of aggregate only can be treated with lime. In particular, in the case of cold mixes, it is preferable to treat the larger aggregates to promote the anchoring of the emulsion on their surface, the emulsion otherwise having a preference for finer aggregates (sand and filler). It is also possible to promote the treatment of the finest aggregates in order to accentuate the anchoring on this fraction or to treat an intermediate class. Of course, the preferential treatment may concern a particular granular fraction or a combination of several fractions. Also, a ripening period of a few seconds to a few days can be envisaged, allowing for example to ensure complete hydration of a quick reactive quicklime in the presence of the natural moisture of the granulate.

According to a particular embodiment of the process according to the present invention, said binder is a bitumen emulsion or a fluxed bitumen and may comprise one or more polymers and / or one or more acids as an additional additive.

In particular, said binder may comprise a conventional bitumen emulsion additive or fluxed bitumen, such as a cationic surfactant containing nitrogen functional groups such as amines, imidazolines, amidoamines which are especially the main emulsifiers used for the emulsions of bitumen. These are made active by lowering the pH via an acid, usually hydrochloric acid. Other embodiments of the process according to the invention are indicated in the appended claims. The invention also relates to a cold bituminous coating composition comprising a bituminous binder and a granulate.

The composition according to the present invention is characterized in that said granulate comprises at least a first fraction of granulate coated with lime. In particular, said lime is chosen from the group consisting of hydrated calcium lime, dolomitic hydrated lime, hydrated magnesia, calcium-magnesium hydrated lime, bright calcium lime, magnesia, calc-magnesian or dolomitic quicklime, quicklime reactive lime, such as partially pre-hydrated lime, over-cooked quicklime, partially extinguished lime with exogenous additives and mixtures thereof, filter dusts, fly ash, in particular calcium, cements portland, hydraulic lime, building lime as defined in EN 459-1, and mixtures thereof. Advantageously, in the composition according to the present invention, said granulate is chosen from the group of gravel, sand and fillers of artificial aggregates, such as, for example, aggregates from deconstruction, special aggregates, granulates of by-products of other industries and their mixtures. Preferably, said granulate belongs to a granular class d / D expressed, according to the standard EN 13043, in terms of lower d and upper sieve D dimensions of 0/4 to 0/30, in particular a granular class chosen from the group consisting of granular classes of 0/4, 0/6, 0/8, 0/10, 0/14, 0/20, 0/30 and mixtures thereof. In a variant of the composition according to the present invention, which is particularly targeted at ESU, said granulate belongs to a granular class d / D expressed in terms of lower d and upper sieve D dimensions of 2/4 to 10/14, in particular a class granular material selected from the group consisting of granular classes 2/4, 2/6, 4/6, 6/10, 10/14 and mixtures thereof. In a preferred embodiment, said binder is a bitumen emulsion or a fluxed bitumen and may comprise one or more polymers and / or one or more acids as an additional additive. More particularly, in one embodiment, the composition according to the invention further comprises a conventional emulsion additive of bitumen or fluxed bitumen, such as a cationic surfactant containing nitrogen functional groups such as amines, innidazolines, amidoamines. which are mainly the main emulsifiers used for bitumen emulsions. These are made active by lowering the pH via an acid, usually hydrochloric acid. In a particular embodiment, the cold bituminous coating composition is a cold-cast cold-mix (ECF) coating composition. Advantageously, the composition according to the invention has a conserved resistance measured according to the NLT-162 standard greater than or equal to 50%, preferably greater than or equal to 60%, in particular greater than or equal to 75%.

In an alternative according to the present invention, the cold bituminous coating composition is in the form of a cold-dense mix composition, a serious-emulsion composition or an emulsion reprocessing composition.

In this variant, the composition according to the invention advantageously has an abrasion resistance, measured according to the standard NF EN 12274-5 also called Wet Track Abrasion Test (WTAT), characterized by a mass loss by abrasion of less than 750 g / m2, preferably less than 450 g / m2.

In another alternative according to the present invention, the cold bituminous coating composition is in the form of a wear surface coating composition (ESU). In this other variant, the composition according to the invention advantageously has a cohesion measured after 30 minutes of ripening at room temperature by a Vialit plate test according to EN 12272-3 standard characterized by a content of loose granules of less than 85/100. aggregates, preferably less than 75/100 aggregates and particularly preferably less than 65/100 aggregates. Other embodiments of the composition according to the invention are indicated in the appended claims. The invention also relates to a use of lime for coating cold bituminous coating aggregates. More particularly, the present invention relates to a use of lime for coating cold bituminous coating granulates in which the cold bituminous coating is chosen from surface wearing compounds (ESU), cold mix coating, selected from the group consisting of cold-cast asphalt pavements (ECF), cold-dense asphalt pavements, low-emulsion coatings and emulsion reprocessing coatings.

Other forms of use of the composition according to the invention are indicated in the appended claims. Other features, details and advantages of the invention will emerge from the description given below, without limitation and with reference to examples. The object of the invention is therefore to provide a method for improving the adhesiveness of the bituminous binder to the aggregate, the cohesion and the setting speed of a cold bituminous coating. The process for the preparation of cold bituminous coatings, in particular surface wear coatings (ESU) according to the invention therefore comprises a step for preparing a bituminous binder which may be in the form of a bitumen emulsion or a fluxed bitumen and may comprise one or more polymers and / or one or more acids as an additional additive. A granulate is also prepared, typically from gravel and / or sands and / or fillers and / or artificial aggregates, such as, for example, aggregates from deconstruction, special aggregates, by-product granulates, etc. other industries and their mixtures. These different types of aggregates have different sizes. Depending on the application, the aggregate will have a single fraction of a size or a mixture of fractions of different sizes or caliber. At least one fraction of granulate is treated with lime at a lime content of 0.05 to 2% expressed as hydroxide equivalent (Ca (OH) 2 and / or Mg (OH) 2) relative to the weight of granulate to form a granulate or a fraction of granulate coated with lime. All sizes or only a granular fraction can be processed. In particular, in the case of cold mixes, it is preferable to treat the larger aggregates to promote the anchoring of the emulsion on their surface, the emulsion otherwise having a preference for finer aggregates (sand and filler). It is also possible to promote the treatment of the finest aggregates in order to accentuate the anchoring on this fraction or to treat an intermediate class. Of course, the preferential treatment may concern a particular granular fraction or a combination of several fractions. Also, a ripening period of a few seconds to a few days can be envisaged, allowing for example to ensure complete hydration of a quick reactive quicklime in the presence of the natural moisture of the granulate. The process according to the invention therefore consists in treating a lime granulate before using it in a cold coating formulation. It can be achieved by any suitable means allowing a good control of the lime content, and can be adapted depending on the pulverulent or liquid nature of the lime used. Without limitation, the granulate can be mixed with lime in a kneader, for example similar to those found in concrete plants. The lime can also be sprayed directly on the surface of the granulate by a sprinkler system conveyor or output of the gravel truck then using devices similar to the already marketed dope ramps. The treatment can be carried out just before bringing the granulate into contact with the emulsion or more upstream in the quarry, with storage being able to go to a few days. Longer storage is not recommended because it induces carbonation of the lime, which then becomes calcium carbonate and then loses its activity. The granulate thus prepared and the bituminous binder are thus arranged on a surface to be coated. The granulate can be brought directly onto the surface to be coated in one or more layers, or on the layer of bituminous binder previously arranged. It all depends on the desired application, the thickness of the layers, knowing that they can also be arranged alternately on each other. The cold bituminous coating is thus formed of at least one layer of said interpenetrated granulate in said binder layer.

The binder and the granulate can also be prepared as a mixture in a coating plant, such as for example a mobile power station and be applied directly in a mixture on the roadway. The lime is selected from the group consisting of calcium hydrated lime, dolomitic hydrated lime, hydrated magnesia, calcium-magnesium hydrated lime, bright calcium lime, magnesia, calc-magnesian or dolomitic quicklime, and quick lime. with delayed reactivity, such as partially pre-hydrated lime, over-cooked quicklime, partially extinguished lime with exogenous additives and mixtures thereof, filter dusts, fly ash, in particular calcium, portland cements, hydraulic lime, construction lime as defined in EN 459-1, and mixtures thereof and the composition may be in solid, powdery or suspension form. The lime slurries can be diluted or concentrated, depending on the desired water content and can also be stabilized with additives to stabilize the dynamic viscosity of the milk of lime. If necessary, an aqueous phase may be added depending on the initial moisture contained in the aggregate and its desired final moisture.

EXAMPLES For the examples below, a bituminous emulsion called EMB1 with a rapid rupture is used to form a cold bituminous coating in the following manner: EMB1 bitumen emulsion was manufactured by mixing the following ingredients in a laboratory pilot equipped with a colloid mill: 66 parts by weight of bitumen 160/220 at a temperature of 140 ° C, from the Repsol refinery in Puertollano (Spain) 34 parts of an aqueous phase at a temperature of 40 ° C, consisting of water, 0.16 parts of tallow diamine (Asfier 100 supplied by Kao) and a complement of hydrochloric acid to adjust the pH to a value of 2.2. An emulsion with 66% EMB1 binder having a breaking number of 88 is thus obtained according to the EN 13075-1 standard, which corresponds to a C65B4 emulsion according to EN 13808. This type of emulsion is commonly used for ESU and is known as a "fast-break emulsion" in the profession. Comparative Example 1: Manufacture of an ESU (EC1) An ESU (EC1) was made in the laboratory as part of a Vialit plate test according to EN 12272-3. This is done concretely by applying the EMB1 emulsion at a level of 1 kg / m 2 of residual binder to a standard metal plate of 20 × 20 cm 2. 100 G10 6-lime silico-calcareous aggregates from the brama gravel pit (Madrid, Spain) are regularly placed on the surface of the freshly dispersed emulsion. After a maturation time of 30 minutes at room temperature, the ESU is subjected to the test: The plate is turned over (granules oriented on the ground side) and a standard steel ball of 510 g is released on the plate 3 times in a row with a height of 50 cm. At the end of shocks, the aggregates that have separated from the plate are counted by separating clean aggregates and stained aggregates (that is to say the aggregates on which binder adheres). The number of aggregates that remain stuck together, as well as those that are clean or stained, are evaluated. The aggregates remained glued correspond to both good adhesiveness and good cohesion. The fallen aggregates correspond to a bad adhesiveness. The granules fallen stained correspond to poor cohesion but good adhesiveness. The results given are obtained as the average of "3 repetitions." The results on the reference ESU (EC1) are given in Table 1. Thus, after 30 minutes, it appears that almost all the aggregates (96) are detached. the plate after the shock and they are all stained, this indicates an insufficient cohesion of the ESU after 30 minutes Example 1.- Manufacture of coatings ESU (El) according to the invention The ESU (El) according to the invention The invention was carried out in the laboratory, to which the same test (Vialit) was used as for the reference ESU (EC1) was used The same emulsion EMB1 was applied at a height of dl kg / m 2 of residual binder. The same G1 granulate from the Jarama gravel pit was also used, but it was previously treated this time with 0.25% by weight concentrated lime milk stabilized at 45% by weight hydrated lime (supplied by Lhoist).

This represents a contribution of 0.11% hydrated lime with respect to the granulate. The aggregates were then regularly placed on the surface of the freshly dispersed emulsion as for the ESU (EC1), thus forming the ESU (El). After 30 minutes of ripening, the ESU is tested. The results on the ESU (El) according to the invention are shown in Table 1. It appears that a larger quantity of aggregates (15) now remains glued to the plate despite the shocks. This indicates a significantly improved cohesion compared to the ESU (EC1) after 30 minutes, thanks to the pre-treatment of the lime aggregate. Example 2 Manufacture of ESU Coatings (E2) According to the Invention The ESU (E2) according to the invention was produced in the laboratory. To do this, the same test (Vialit) as for the reference ESU (EC1) was used. The same emulsion EMB1 was applied at a level of 1 kg / m 2 of residual binder. The same granulate G1 from the Jarama gravel pit was also used, but it was previously treated this time with 0.5% by weight of concentrated lime concentrate stabilized at 45% by weight of hydrated lime (supplied by Lhoist) . This represents a contribution of 0.23% of lime hydrated relative to the granulate. The aggregates were then regularly placed on the surface of the freshly dispersed emulsion as for the ESU (EC1), thus forming the ESU (E2). After 30 minutes of ripening, PESU is tested.

The results on the ESU (E2) according to the invention are shown in Table 1. It appears that a larger amount of aggregates (21) now remains glued to the plate despite shocks. This indicates a significantly improved cohesion compared to the ESU (EC1) after 30 minutes, thanks to the pre-treatment of the lime aggregate. Example 3 Manufacture of Coatings ESU (E3) According to the Invention The ESU (E3) according to the invention was carried out in the laboratory. To do this, the same test (Vialit) as for the reference ESU (EC1) was used. The same emulsion EMB1 was applied at a height of 1 kg / m 2 of residual binder. The same G1 granulate from the Jarama gravel pit was also used, but this time it was treated with 1% by weight concentrated lime milk stabilized at 45% by weight of hydrated lime (supplied by Lhoist). This represents a contribution of 0.45% hydrated lime with respect to the granulate. The aggregates were then regularly placed on the surface of the freshly dispersed emulsion as for the ESU (EC1), thus forming the ESU (E3). After 30 minutes of ripening, the ESU is tested. The results on the ESU (E3) according to the invention are shown in Table 1. It appears that a larger amount of aggregates (14) now remains glued to the plate despite shocks. This indicates a significantly improved cohesion compared to the ESU (EC1) after 30 minutes, thanks to the pre-treatment of the lime aggregate. Comparative Example 2.- ESU Coating Manufacturing (EC2) An ESU (EC2) was carried out in the laboratory according to the prior art. To do this, the same test (Vialit) as for the reference ESU (EC1) was used.

This was done by applying the same EMB1 emulsion at a level of 1 kg / m 2 of residual binder. Then, the spread emulsion was treated with 3% of a diluted lime milk, obtained by mixing 1 vol. of industrial stabilized lime milk at 10 vol. of water. It should be noted that the total amount of hydrated lime represents about one quarter of that used for ESU (E2). A higher amount causes a surface rupture of the emulsion (skin), which does not allow the aggregates to be correctly encased. The granules G1 were then regularly placed on the surface of the freshly dispersed emulsion. After 30 minutes of ripening, the ESU is tested.

The results on the ESU (EC2) are shown in Table 1. It appears after 30 minutes that all the aggregates are peeling off. 7 loose aggregates are found to be clean, showing that the contact with the emulsion has been disturbed by the direct supply of lime and the formation of a skin on the surface of the ESU, which prevents good contact with the granulate. Also, it appears that the surface appearance is very bad, with some aggregates mixed in the bitumen skin and some residual unbroken emulsion. Even if they could stick to the plate under the conditions of the test, it is clear that the passage of traffic would generate an immediate ruin of the ESU. Also, the presence of clean detached aggregates shows that the risk of tearing and therefore breakage windshield is very important with this formula. Also, the results are clearly lower than those obtained for the reference ESU (EC1) Table 1.- ESU - ESU examples (EC1) ESU (El) ESU (E2) ESU (E3) ESU (EC2) Emulsion EMB1 EMB1 EMB1 EMB1 EMB1 Aggregate G1 G1 G1 G1 G1 Treatment (in% lime 0 0.11% 0.23% 0.45% 0.12% hydrated relative to aggregate) Aggregates Adherent (after 30 minutes) 4 15 21 14 0 Aggregates Clean 0 0 0 0 7 (After 30 minutes) Aggregates Detached Processed 96 85 79 86 93 (After 30 minutes) Comparative example 3.- Production of a reference ESU (EC3) An ESU (EC3) was carried out in the laboratory in the framework of a Vialit plate test by applying the EMB1 emulsion at a height of 1 kg / m 2 of residual binder to a standard metal plate of 20 x 20 cm 2 100 gm 6/10 mylonitic granules from the gravel pit Almonacid in Toledo (Castilla La Mancha, Spain) are regularly placed on the surface of the freshly dispersed emulsion. 30 min at room temperature, the ESU is tested in the same manner as previously described. The results on the reference ESU (EC3) are shown in Table 2. Thus, after 30 min, it appears that all the aggregates (100) are detached from the plate after the shock and they are all stained. This indicates an insufficient cohesion of the ESU after 30 min.

Examples 4-6. Manufacture of ESU coatings (E4, E5, E6) ESU coatings (E4, E5, E6) were produced in the laboratory according to the invention. To do this, the same test (Vialit) as for the reference ESU (EC3) was used. This was done by applying the same EMB1 emulsion at a level of 1 kg / m 2 of residual binder. The same G2 granulate was also used, but it was previously treated with 0.25, 0.5 or 1% by weight of industrial stabilized concentrated lime milk at 45% by weight of hydrated lime, supplied by Lhoist. This represents respectively 0.11%, 0.23% and 0.45% hydrated lime relative to the aggregate. The aggregates were then regularly placed on the surface of the freshly dispersed emulsion as for the ESU (EC3), thus constituting the ESUs (E4, E5, E6) respectively. After 30 min of maturation, the ESU is tested. The results on the ESUs (E4, E5, E6) according to the invention are shown in Table 2. It appears that a larger quantity of aggregates (2, 11 and 7 respectively) remains now stuck to the plate despite the shocks. . This indicates a significantly improved cohesion compared to the ESU (EC3) after 30 min, thanks to the pretreatment of the granulate with lime. Table 2.- ESU - examples ESU (EC3) ESU (E4) ESU (E5) ESU (E6) Emulsion EMB1 EMB1 EMB1 EMB1 Granulate G2 G2 G2 G2 Treatment (in% hydrated lime with respect to the granulate) 0 0,11% 0 , 23% 0.45% Aggregates Adherent (after 30 minutes) 0 2 11 7 Clean loose aggregates (after 30 minutes) ooo 0 Detached aggregates Spoiled (after 30 minutes) 100 98 89 93 Example 7.- Making a bituminous emulsion Rapid break EMB2 An EMB2 bitumen emulsion was manufactured by mixing the following ingredients in a laboratory pilot equipped with a colloid mill: 66 parts by weight of bitumen 160/220 at a temperature of 140 ° C, from the Repsol refinery in Puertollano (Spain) 34 parts of an aqueous phase at a temperature of 40 ° C, consisting of water, 0.2 parts of tall oil fatty amides (Lind66 R66 supplied by MeadWestVaco) and a supplement hydrochloric acid to adjust the pH to a value of 2.5. An emulsion with 66% EMB2 binder having a rupture index of 90 is thus obtained according to the EN 13075-1 standard, which corresponds to a C65B4 type emulsion according to the EN 13808 standard. This type of emulsion is commonly used for ESU and is known as a "fast-break emulsion" in the profession.

Comparative Example 4-Manufacture of a Reference ESU (EC4) An ESU (EC4) was carried out in the laboratory as part of a Vialit plate test by applying EMB2 emulsion of Example 7 at a rate of kg / m 2 of residual binder on a standardized metal plate of 20 x 20 cm 2. 100 G1 aggregates from the Jarama gravel pit are regularly placed on the surface of the freshly dispersed emulsion. After a maturation time of 30 min at room temperature, the ESU is tested in the same manner as previously described. The results on the ESU (EC4) of reference are shown in Table 3. Thus, after 30 min, it appears that many aggregates (85) are detached from the plate after the shock and they are all stained. This indicates a weak cohesion of the ESU after 30 min. Examples 8 to 10. Manufacture of ESU coatings (E8, E9, E10) ESU coatings (E8, E9, E10) were made in the laboratory according to the invention. To do this, the same test (Vialit) as for the reference ESU (EC4) was used. This was done by applying the same EMB2 emulsion according to Example 7 at a level of 1 kg / m 2 of residual binder. The same G1 granulate was also used, but it was previously treated with 0.25, 0.5 or 1% by weight of industrial stabilized concentrated lime milk at 45% by weight of hydrated lime, supplied by Lhoist. This represents respectively 0.11%, 0.23% and 0.45% hydrated lime relative to the aggregate. The aggregates were then regularly placed on the surface of the freshly dispersed emulsion as for the ESU (EC4) thus constituting the ESUs (E8, E9, E10) respectively. After 30 min of maturation, the ESU is tested.

The results on the ESUs (E8, E9, [10) according to the invention are shown in Table 3. It appears that a larger quantity of aggregates (32, 46 and 43 respectively) is now glued to the plate despite the shocks. This indicates a significantly improved cohesion compared to the ESU (EC4) after 30 min, thanks to the prior treatment of the lime aggregate. Table 3 [SU - examples ESU (EC4) ESU (E8) ESU (E9) ESU (E10) Emulsion EMB2 EMB2 EMB2 EMB2 Granulate G1 G1 G1 G1 Treatment (in% hydrated lime with respect to the granulate) 0 0,11% 0, 23% 0.45% Aggregates Adherent (after 30 minutes) 15 32 46 43 Clean Aggregates Clean (After 30 minutes) 0 0 0 0 Aggregates Detached Spoiled (After 30 minutes) 85 68 54 57 Comparative Example 5.- Production of a ESU (EC5) reference A ESU (EC5) was made in the laboratory in a Vialit plate test by applying EMB2 emulsion according to Example 7 at a height of 1 kg / m2 residual binder on a plate standard metal of 20 x 20 cm2. 100 6/10 G 2 mylonitic aggregates from the Almonacid gravel pit in Toledo (Castilla La Mancha, Spain) are regularly placed on the surface of the freshly dispersed emulsion. After a maturation time of 30 min at room temperature, the ESU is tested in the same manner as previously described.

The results on the ESU (EC5) are shown in Table 4. Thus, after 30 minutes, it appears that almost all the aggregates (99) are detached from the plate after the shock and they are all stained. This indicates an insufficient cohesion of the ESU after 30 min.

Example 11 to 13.- Manufacture of coatings ESU (E11, E12, E13) Coatings ESU (E11, E12, E13) were made in the laboratory according to the invention. To do this, the same test (Vialit) as for the reference ESU (EC5) was used. This was done by applying the same EMB2 emulsion according to Example 7 at a level of 1 kg / m 2 of residual binder. The same G2 granulate was also used, but it was previously treated with 0.25, 0.5 or 1% by weight of industrial stabilized concentrated lime milk at 45% by weight of hydrated lime, supplied by Lhoist. This represents respectively 0.11%, 0.23% and 0.45% hydrated lime relative to the aggregate. The aggregates were then regularly placed on the surface of the freshly dispersed emulsion as for the ESU (EC5), thus constituting the ESUs (EH, E12, E13) respectively. After 30 min of maturation, the ESU is tested. The results on the ESUs (E11, E12, E13) according to the invention are shown in Table 4.11. It appears that a larger quantity of aggregates (23, 36 and 26 respectively) now remains glued to the plate despite the shocks. This indicates a significantly improved cohesion compared to the ESU (EC5) after 30 min, thanks to the prior treatment of the lime aggregate. Table 4.- ESU - examples ESU (EC5) ESU (E11) ESU (E12) ESU (E13) Emulsion EMB2 EMB2 EMB2 EMB2 Granulate G2 G2 G2 G2 Treatment (in% hydrated lime with respect to granulate) 0 0,11% 0 , 23% 0.45% Aggregates Adherent 1 23 36 26 (after 30 minutes) Clean Pickled Aggregates (After 30 minutes) 0 0 0 0 Aggregates Detached Spots (After 30 minutes) 99 77 64 74 Examples 14 and 15.- Production of ESU coatings (E14, E15) ESUs (E14, E15) were manufactured as above, using the ESU formulas (E5 and E12) respectively, but this time reacting the lime milk treated granulate for 24 hours. hours before using it in the ESU. The results are given in the following Table 5, where it appears that the beneficial effect of the treatment is evident compared to the references ESU (EC3) and ESU (EC5) respectively (Tables 2 and 4). Table 5.- ESU - examples ESU (E14) ESU (E15) Emulsion EMB1 EMB2 Granulate G2 G2 Treatment (in% hydrated lime with respect to the granulate) 0,23% 0,23% Aggregates Adherent (after 30 minutes) 12 29 Aggregates Clean (After 30 minutes) 0 0 Detached Granules Spoiled (After 30 minutes) 88 71 1 0 Example 16.- Manufacture of a slow-breaking EMB3 bituminous emulsion An EMB3 bitumen emulsion was manufactured by mixing the following ingredients in a laboratory pilot equipped with a colloid mill: 60 parts by weight of 70/100 bitumen at a temperature of 140 ° C, from the refinery Repsol de Puertollano (Spain) 40 parts of an aqueous phase at a temperature of 40 ° C, consisting of 0.6 parts (relative to the emulsion) of ethoxylated tallow diamine (Asfier 218 supplied by Kao) and a complement of hydrochloric acid to adjust the pH to a value of 2.5 . A 60% emulsion of EMB3 binder having a rupture index of 260 according to the EN 13075-1 standard is thus obtained, which corresponds to a C60B6 type emulsion according to the EN 13808 standard. This type of emulsion is commonly used for cold-coated and is known as a "slow-break emulsion" in the profession. Comparative Example 6. Production of a Grave Emulsion GE 1 (EC6) Reference A GE 1 (EC6) was performed in the laboratory. To do this, a G3 granulate of 0/25 granulometry from the Jarama gravel pit was used. This granulate, with its natural moisture of 2%, was coated with 6% of the emulsion EMB3 according to Example 16 in order to finally obtain a bitumen content of 3.6%, and a complement of 3.5 % of water. The material thus obtained was then compacted in cylindrical molds according to the Spanish standard NLT-161.

The test pieces of GE 1 (EC6) thus obtained were weighed to determine the density and then packaged according to the Spanish standard NLT-162 in order to measure the dry strength and the resistance after immersion for 24 hours in a bath. 60 ° C. The ratio of the resistances after immersion and dry, called retained resistance, is then calculated. Depending on the targeted traffic, a value greater than 50, 60 or 75% is required in Spain for GEs. The GE 1 (EC6) gets a value of 63%, making it acceptable for a maximum traffic of 200 trucks / day (PO). Example 17 and 18. Production of Graves Emulsion GE 2 (E17) and GE 3 (E18) GE 2 (E17) and GE 3 (E18) were manufactured according to the invention using a recipe similar to that of GE 1 (EC6), but with prior treatment of the granulate G3 with 0.5 or 1% by weight of industrial stabilized concentrated lime milk at 45% by weight of hydrated lime, supplied by Lhoist. This represents a contribution of 0.23% and 0.45% lime hydrated relative to the granulate, respectively. GEs 2 and 3 were prepared using the same mixing and compaction steps, and subjected to the water-resistance test (NLT-162). The results on the GE 2 and 3 according to the invention are shown in Table 6. It appears that the dry strength and the resistance preserved increase very significantly thanks to the treatment according to the invention, to the point that the test pieces GE 3 (E18) after immersion, yet causing damage, have a higher resistance than the dry one of the GE 1 (EC6) reference! Also, GE 2 (E17) and GE 3 (E18) pass the most severe conserved resistance specification (75%). Contrary to the reference GE1 (EC6), they would thus be acceptable for a traffic of 800 PL / d. Table 6.- GE - examples GE (EC6) GE (E17) GE (E18) Emulsion EMB3 EMB3 EMB3 Granulate G3 63 G3 Treatment (in% hydrated lime with respect to granulate) 0 0,23% 0,45% Density (g / cm3) Resistance test at 2,393 2,386 2,388 water (NLT-162) Dry strength (MPa) 1,77 2,11 2,23 Resistance after immersion (MPa) 1,11 1,62 1,91 Resistance preserved (%) 63 77 86 It is understood that the present invention is in no way limited to the embodiments described above and that many modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the appended claims.

Claims (26)

REVENDICATIONS1. Process for the preparation of cold bituminous coatings, in particular surface wear coatings (ESU), comprising the steps of a) Preparation of a bituminous binder, b) Preparation of a granulate comprising at least a first aggregate fraction and c) forming said cold bituminous coating formed of at least said interpenetrated granulate in said binder, characterized in that said step of preparing said granulate comprises a step of coating said at least a first fraction of lime granulate . 2. Preparation process according to claim 1, wherein d) said bituminous binder is brought onto a surface to be coated, to form a layer of binder on said surface to be coated, e) said granulate is fed onto said surface to be coated, before or after said bituminous binder, and f) said bituminous coating is formed of at least one layer of said interpenetrated granulate in said layer of said binder. 3. Preparation process according to claim 1, wherein d) said bituminous binder is fed into a kneader, e) said granulate is fed into said kneader, during, before, or after said bituminous binder, and f) said bituminous coating is formed mixing said interpenetrated granulate in said binder and is applied to a surface to be coated. The method of preparation according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein said step of coating said at least a first granulate fraction comprises applying a lime composition to said at least a first granulate fraction. by dipping, dipping, spraying, spraying or mixing at a content of lime of 0.05 to 2% expressed as hydroxide equivalent (Ca (OH) 2 and / or Mg (OH) 2) relative to the weight of granulate. 5. Preparation process according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein said lime is selected from the group consisting of calcium hydrated lime, dolomitic hydrated lime, hydrated magnesia, calcium-magnesium hydrated lime, calcium lime bright, magnesia, quicklime calco-magnesian or dolomitic, quicklime reactive lime, such as lime partially pre-hydrated, quicklime burnt, partially extinguished lime with exogenous additives and their mixtures, dust filters, fly ash, in particular calcium, portland cements, hydraulic lime, building lime as defined in EN 459-1, and mixtures thereof. 6. Preparation process according to claim 4 or claim 5, wherein said lime composition is a solid composition or a suspension such as for example a milk of lime or a paste of lime. 7. Preparation process according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein said coating step further comprises a step of supplying an aqueous phase. 8. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein said aggregate is selected from the group of gravel, sand and fillers, artificial aggregates, such as aggregates from the deconstruction, special aggregates, by-product aggregates from other industries and their mixtures. 9. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein said granulate belongs to a granular class d / D expressed in accordance with EN 13043, in terms of lower dimensions d and upper D of sieves (in mm) of 0 / 4 to 0/30, in particular a granular class selected from the group consisting of 0/4, 0/6, 0/8, 0/10, 0/14, 0/20, 0/30 granular classes and mixtures thereof . The process according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein said granulate belongs to a granular class cl / D expressed in terms of lower d and upper sieve D dimensions of 2/4 to 10/14, in particular granular class selected from the group consisting of granular classes 2/4, 2/6, 4/6, 6/10, 10/14 and mixtures thereof. The method of any of the preceding claims, wherein said bituminous binder is a bitumen emulsion or fluxed bitumen and may comprise one or more polymers, and / or one or more acids as additional additives. 12. Cold bituminous coating composition comprising a bituminous binder and a granulate, characterized in that said granulate is a lime coated granulate. The cold bituminous coating composition according to claim 12, wherein said lime is selected from the group consisting of calcium hydrated lime, dolomitic hydrated lime, hydrated magnesia, calcium magnesium hydrated lime, bright calcium lime, magnesia, calco-magnesian or dolomitic quicklime, quicklime reactive lime, such as partially pre-hydrated lime, burnt quicklime, partially extinguished lime with exogenous additives and mixtures thereof, filter dusts, fly ash, in particular calcium, portland cements, hydraulic lime, building lime as defined in EN 459-1, and mixtures thereof. Cold bituminous coating composition according to claim 12 or claim 13, wherein said granulate is selected from the group of gravel, sand and fillers, artificial aggregates, such as aggregates from deconstruction, special aggregates, by-product aggregates from other industries and their mixtures. The cold bituminous coating composition according to any one of claims 12 to 14, wherein said granulate belongs to a granular class d / D expressed in terms of lower d and upper sieve D dimensions of 0/4 to 0 / 30, particularly a granular class selected from the group consisting of 0/4, 0/6, 0/8, 0/10, 0/14, 0/20, 0/30 granular classes and mixtures thereof. The cold bituminous coating composition according to any one of claims 12 to 14, wherein said granulate belongs to a granular class d / D expressed in terms of lower d and upper sieve D dimensions of 2/4 to 10 / 14, in particular a granular class selected from the group consisting of granular classes 2/4, 2/6, 4/6, 6/10, 10/14 and mixtures thereof. Cold bituminous coating composition according to any one of claims 12 to 16, wherein said binder is a bitumen emulsion or a fluxed bitumen and may comprise one or more polymers, and / or one or more acids as additional additive. The cold bituminous coating composition according to any of claims 12 to 17, further comprising a conventional bitumen emulsion or fluxed bitumen additive, such as a cationic surfactant containing nitrogen functional groups such as amines, imidazolines, annidoamines. Cold bituminous coating composition according to any one of claims 12 to 18, having a cohesion measured after 30 min of maturing at room temperature by a Vialit plate test according to EN 12272-3 characterized by a loose aggregates less than 85/100 aggregates, preferably less than 75/100 aggregates and particularly advantageously less than 65/100 aggregates. The cold bituminous coating composition according to any one of claims 12 to 19, in the form of a wear surface coating (ESU) composition. Cold bituminous coating composition according to any one of claims 12 to 18, having a stored resistance measured according to the NLT-162 standard greater than or equal to 50%, preferably greater than or equal to 60%, in particular greater or equal to equal to 75%. 22. Cold bituminous coating composition according to any one of claims 12 to 18, having an abrasion resistance measured according to standard NF EN 12274-5 characterized by an abrasion mass loss of less than 750 g / m2, preferably less than 450 g / m2. 23. The cold bituminous coating composition according to any one of claims 12 to 18 or 22, in the form of a cold mix composition, chosen from a composition of cold-mix asphalts, a composition of serious-emulsion or emulsion reprocessing composition. Cold bituminous coating composition according to any one of claims 12 to 18 or 21, in the form of a cold cast mix composition (ECF). 25. Use of lime to coat cold bituminous coating aggregates. The use of lime according to claim 25, wherein the cold bituminous coating is selected from surface wear coatings, cold mix coatings selected from the group consisting of cold-cast asphalt coatings (ECF). ), cold-dense asphalt coatings, low-emulsion coatings and emulsion reprocessing coatings.