FR3000119A1 - Construction element for use in wall structure in building, has recess opened on upper and lower faces of element for erection of reinforced concrete chaining, where recess opens onto longitudinal face over height of longitudinal face - Google Patents

Abstract

The element has first and second longitudinal faces (24, 26), first and second transverse faces (28, 30), an upper face (32) and a lower face (34). A recess (36) is opened on the upper and lower faces for erection of a reinforced concrete chaining. The recess opens onto the first longitudinal face over entire height of the longitudinal face. A distance separating the first transverse face from an end of the recess turned toward the first transverse face is equal to a distance separating the second longitudinal face from the end turned around the second longitudinal face. Independent claims are also included for the following: (1) a method for manufacturing a construction element (2) a wall structure.

Description

The present invention relates to a building element, a method of manufacturing this building element, and a wall structure comprising this building element. Document FR2900427 discloses a concrete building element 2 (shown in FIG. 1) comprising: longitudinal faces 4 and 6, transverse faces 8 and 10, and upper and lower faces 14 and 14; - A cell 16 opening on the upper faces 12 and 14 below for the erection of a reinforced concrete chaining frame 10 bay or corner. The construction element 2 is conventionally made by molding. A disadvantage of the construction element 2 is that the distances d between the longitudinal faces of the ends of the cell facing these longitudinal faces must be greater than a determined value. Otherwise, the construction element may break during demolding or during transport. Also, for a width L of the determined construction element, the width of the cell is limited, which may make it impossible to use according to certain regulations, including para seismic. Under these conditions, when a plurality of construction elements are stacked to erect a chaining in a load-bearing wall, the recess for casting the concrete of the chaining has a width limited with respect to the width of the load-bearing wall and the resistance of the bearing wall to collapse is unsatisfactory. The invention aims to overcome this disadvantage. The invention relates to a construction element comprising: - first and second longitudinal faces, first and second transverse faces, and upper and lower faces, and - a first cell opening on the upper and lower faces for the erection of a reinforced concrete chaining, characterized in that the first cell opens into the first longitudinal face, over the entire height of this first longitudinal face. Such an arrangement makes it possible, for a given width of the construction element, to make a first cell of larger size.

Thus, when a plurality of building elements according to the invention are stacked to erect a reinforced concrete chaining in a load-bearing wall, the chaining has an increased width relative to the width of the load-bearing wall.

The building element according to the invention may comprise one or more of the following features. According to one characteristic, the distance separating the first transverse face of the end of the first recess facing towards this first transverse face is substantially equal to the distance separating the second longitudinal face from the end of the first recess facing towards this second longitudinal face. . According to another characteristic, the first cell has a longitudinal section in the general shape of a rectangle, disk portion, oval portion, horseshoe or has a general complex shape formed of a portion of disk and of a portion of triangle. Advantageously, the construction element comprises a second cavity opening on the upper, lower and second transverse faces arranged to receive a complementary shape protrusion of an adjacent building element. Under these conditions, the assembly of the construction element and an adjacent building element, for example during the erection of a wall structure, is facilitated. According to one characteristic, the longitudinal faces and / or the transverse faces have a plurality of primer lines allowing the division of the construction element by cutting, for example with a circular saw. The invention also relates to a method of manufacturing a building element as presented above, characterized in that it comprises the steps of: - producing a building element comprising: - first and second longitudinal faces , first and second transverse faces, and upper and lower faces, - a first cell opening on the upper and lower faces for the erection of a reinforced concrete chaining, and 35 - a first breakable portion closing the first cell longitudinally , designed to be cut, - cut the first breakable portion, so that after cutting the first cell opens into the first longitudinal face, over the entire height of the first longitudinal face. The construction element can be made by molding or by extrusion. The breakable portion may for example be cut with a circular saw, a grooving machine, a trowel or with a hammer. According to another characteristic, the construction element comprises: - a second cell opening on the upper and lower faces, - a second breakable portion transversely closing the second cell, designed to be cut, and in that the method comprises a step cutting the second breakable portion, such that the second cell opens into the second transverse face and allows the reception of a complementary shaped protrusion of an adjacent building element. According to one feature, the construction element comprises a third breakable portion which, dividing the first longitudinally split pocket 20, is adapted to be cut, and the method includes a step of cutting the third breakable portion. Under these conditions, the width of the first cell can be increased by cutting the third breakable portion. Preferably, the first, second or third breakable portions have a longitudinal section of 'V' with the tip of the 'V facing inwardly of the building element. Thus, the cutting of the first, second or third breakable portions is facilitated. Still preferably, the first, second, or third breakable portions have at least one weakening line extending over the entire height of the building element. The cutting of the first, second or third breakable portions is then even easier. The invention also relates to a wall structure comprising: first and second load bearing walls, and at least one thermally insulating panel disposed between the first and second bearing walls, characterized in that the first and / or second bearing walls comprise a plurality of building elements as presented before, arranged plumb with each other to allow the erection of a vertical reinforced concrete chaining through the first cells, and each building element has a width substantially equal to the width of the first and / or second bearing walls. According to one possibility, each construction element is arranged so that its first lateral face extends parallel to the first and second load-bearing walls and the thermally insulating panel, the panel thermally closing the first cell. The thermally insulating panel provides the formwork function. Under these conditions, the concrete poured inside the first cells, to form a chaining, comes into contact with the thermally insulating panel and presses against the first or the second bearing wall. The fixing of the thermally insulating panel is thus improved. The thermally insulating panel is clamped between the first and second bearing walls, preventing its deformation and eventual breakage when casting the reinforced concrete chainage in place. Thus, it is not necessary to use a lost formwork element such as a board to achieve the chaining. According to one characteristic, each construction element comprises: a first end portion provided with the first cell and having a length substantially equal to the width of the first bearing wall, a second end portion having a length substantially equal to the width of the second bearing wall, and an intermediate portion connecting the first and second end portions having a length substantially equal to the width of the thermally insulating panel. According to one possibility, each construction element is arranged so that its first lateral face extends parallel to the first and second load-bearing walls and the thermally insulating panel, the panel thermally closing the first cell.

According to another possibility, each construction element is arranged so that its first lateral face extends transversely to the first and second bearing walls and the thermally insulating panel, the first or the second bearing wall closing the first cell.

Under these conditions, the concrete poured inside the first cells, to achieve a chaining, comes into contact with the first or second bearing wall. The first or second bearing wall provides the formwork function. Thus, it is not necessary to use a lost formwork element 10 such as a board to achieve the chaining. According to another possibility, each construction element is cut at the junction of the intermediate portion and the second end portion, and the first longitudinal face of the first end portion and the intermediate portion extends transversely to the intermediate portion. first load-bearing wall and thermally insulating panel. According to another characteristic, the second end portion is provided with a third socket opening on the upper, lower and first longitudinal faces, for the erection of the reinforced concrete chaining. Thus, it is possible to erect two chaining poles from the same building element. The invention also relates to a wall structure comprising at least one load-bearing wall and a construction element as presented above supported by the load-bearing wall, the construction element being arranged so that the first longitudinal face extends horizontally. , so as to allow the extension of a horizontal reinforced concrete chaining in the first cell. Preferably the first longitudinal face is turned upwards. Thus, it is possible to make a lintel or a window sill or door, or a framework incorporating a horizontal reinforced concrete chaining. The invention will be better understood with the aid of the following description with reference to the appended schematic drawing showing, by way of nonlimiting example, a construction element according to the invention.

Figure 1 is a perspective view of three-quarter front of a building element of the state of the art, Figure 2 is a schematic perspective view of three-quarter front of a building element according to the invention, 3 is a schematic perspective view of three-quarter rear of the construction element of Figure 2, Figure 4 is a top view of the element of Figure 2, Figure 5 is a top view of a component of Figure 6 to Figure 9 are top views of four wall structures having the construction element of Figure 2, Figure 10 to 12 are side views of five structures comprising FIG. 2, and FIGS. 13 to 17 are top views of five wall structures having variants of the building element of FIG. 2. FIGS. 2 to 4 show a building element 20. The element 20 comp renders longitudinal faces 24 and 26, transverse faces 28 and 30, and upper faces 32 and lower 34. The construction element 20 comprises end portions 20a and 20b and an intermediate portion 20c connecting the portions of each other. end 20a and 20b. The end portion 20a has a cell 36 for the erection of a reinforced concrete frame framing bay or corner. This cell 36 opens into the upper 32 and lower 34 faces and over the entire height of the longitudinal face 24. In the example, the cell 36 has a rectangular longitudinal section. The distance D separating the transverse face 28 from the end of the cell 36 facing said transverse face 28 is substantially equal to the distance D between the longitudinal face 26 of the end of the cell 36 facing this longitudinal face. 26. The end portion 20b has a recess 38 for receiving a complementary shaped protrusion of an adjacent building element. The cell 38 opens into the upper 32 and lower 34 faces and extends over the entire height of the transverse face 30. In the example, the longitudinal section of the cell 38 has a rectangular portion and a trapezoidal portion to its end. The widest base of the trapezium opens into the transverse face 30. Such a shape facilitates the reception of the protuberance in the cell 38. The end portions 20a and 20b and intermediate 20c finally have a plurality of vertical cells 40 allowing the thermal and sound insulation of a building. These cells 40 open on the upper 32 and lower 34 faces. The longitudinal faces 24 and 26, and the transverse face 30present a plurality of primer lines 41 allowing the division of the construction element 20 by cutting, for example with a 10 circular saw, especially to achieve in successive rows an offset of the building elements adjacent to the building elements 20. A method of manufacturing the construction element 2 is now described. A terracotta building element 20 '(shown in FIG. 5) is first obtained by extruding a clay mixture, which is dried and then fired. The construction element 20 'is identical to the construction element 20 with the exception that it comprises: - a breakable portion 42 closing longitudinally the cell 36, - a breakable portion 44 longitudinally dividing the cell 36 in two parts 36a and 36b, and - a breakable portion 46 closing transversely the cell 38. The breakable portions 42, 44 and 46 have a longitudinal section in the form of 'V', the tip of the 'V being respectively turned towards the parts 36a and 36b of the cell 36, and to the cell 38. The breakable portions 42, 44, and 46 have end weakening lines 48 and central lines of weakness 50 over the entire height of the building element. Then, the breakable portions 42, 44 and 46 are cut, for example by hammers or with a circular saw. Figure 6 shows a wall structure 52 having load-bearing walls 54 and 56 erected parallel to each other at a distance from each other, and thermally insulating panels 58 disposed between the load bearing walls 54 and 56. The bearing walls 54 and 56 have a width equal to the width of the building element 20 and the length of the end portions 20a and 20b. The insulating panels have a width equal to the length of the intermediate portion 20c. The bearing wall 54 comprises a plurality of building elements 20 disposed vertically to each other to allow erection of the vertical chaining through the cells 36. The building elements 20 extend longitudinally with respect to the wall 54. FIG. 7 shows a variant of the wall structure 52 in which the load-bearing walls 54 and 56, and no longer only the load-bearing wall 54, comprise a plurality of building elements 20 placed in line with each other. others to allow the erection of the vertical chaining through the cells 36. The building elements 20 extend transversely with respect to the load-bearing walls 54 and 56. FIG. 8 represents another variant of the wall structure 52 in which the elements of 20 are cut at the junction of the end portion 20b and the intermediate portion 20c. The end portion 20a and the intermediate portion 20b of each building element extend transversely to the bearing wall 54. The end portion 20b extends transversely with respect to the load-bearing wall 54. FIG. 9 represents a variant of the wall structure 52 in which the end portion 20b is cut and comprises a cell 60 for the erection of an additional vertical chaining. This cell 60 opens into the upper faces 32 and lower 34 and onto the longitudinal face 24. FIG. 10 shows the use of the element in its horizontal position so as to produce an opening lintel made of para seismic constructions for which the frame by chaining reinforced concrete openings is mandatory. FIG. 11 shows the use of the element in its horizontal position so as to make the aperture lightenings of the seismic constructions for which the frame by reinforced concrete chaining of the openings is obligatory. Figure 12 shows the use of the element in its horizontal position so as to achieve the horizontal peripheral chaining under traditional framework or said farmhouse. For Figures 10 to 12, the end portion 20b is cut and includes a cell 60 for erection of an additional horizontal chaining section.

FIGS. 13 to 17 show wall structures 152, 252, 352, 452 and 552 identical to structure 52, except that the building elements 20 are replaced by building elements 120, 220, 320, 420 and 520.

The construction element 120 (shown in FIG. 13) differs from the construction element 20 in that the transverse face 28 is curved and in that the cavity 36 has a longitudinal section comprising a portion of disk and of a portion of triangle. The construction element 220 (shown in FIG. 14) differs from the building element 20 in that the recess 36 has a longitudinal section with an oval portion. The building element 320 (shown in Figure 15) differs from the building element 20 in that the cell 36 has a longitudinal section has an oval portion and a triangular portion.

The building element 420 (shown in FIG. 16) differs from the building element 20 in that the cell 36 has a longitudinal section in the shape of a horseshoe. The building element 520 (shown in FIG. 17) differs from the building element 20 in that the end portion 20a is extended by an additional portion 520 extending transversely, so that the transverse face 28 is wider than the transverse face 30. Advantageously, the length of the additional portion 522 is equal to the width of the thermally insulating panels 58. It goes without saying that the invention is not limited to the embodiments alone. presented, it encompasses all the variants. Alternatively, the building element can be made of cellular concrete, granular concrete, composite wood, chipboard, expanded polystyrene (EPS), extruded polystyrene (XPS),

Claims (11)

REVENDICATIONS1. Construction element (20, 120, 220, 320, 420, 520) comprising: - first and second longitudinal faces (24, 26), first and second transverse faces (28, 30), and upper faces (32) and lower (34), and - a first cell (36) opening on the upper (32) and lower (34) faces for the erection of a reinforced concrete chaining, characterized in that the first cell (36) opens in the first longitudinal face (24), over the entire height of this first longitudinal face (24). 2. Construction element (20, 120, 220, 320, 420, 520) according to claim 1, characterized in that the distance (D) between the first transverse face (28) of the end of the first cell (36) ) turned towards this first transverse face (28) is substantially equal to the distance (D) between the second longitudinal face (26) of the end of the first cell (36) facing this second longitudinal face (26). 3. Construction element (20, 120, 220, 320, 420, 520) according to any one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the first cell (36) has a longitudinal section in the general shape of a rectangle, of portion of disc, oval portion, horseshoe or has a complex overall shape formed of a portion of disc and a portion of triangle. 4. Element of construction (20, 120, 220, 320, 420, 520) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it comprises a second cavity (38) opening on the upper faces (32). , lower (34) and second transverse face (30) arranged to receive a complementary shape growth of an adjacent building element. 5. A method of manufacturing a construction element (20, 120, 220, 320, 420, 520) according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that it comprises steps of: - realize a construction element (20 ') comprising: - first and second longitudinal faces (24, 26), first and second transverse faces (28, 30), and upper (32) and lower (34) faces, - a first cell (36) opening on the upper (32) and lower (34) faces for the erection of a reinforced concrete chaining, 10 and - a first breakable portion (42) longitudinally closing the first cell (36), designed to be cut, - cut the first breakable portion (42), so that after cutting the first cell (36) opens into the first longitudinal face (24), over the entire height of the first longitudinal face (24). 6. Manufacturing process according to claim 5, characterized in that the construction element (20 ') comprises: - a second cavity (38) opening on the upper (32) and lower (34) faces, - a second breakable portion (46) transversely occluding the second recess (38), adapted to be cut, in that the method comprises a step of cutting the second breakable portion (46), such that the second recess (38) opens in the second transverse face (30) and allows the reception of a complementary shape protrusion of an adjacent building element. 7. A manufacturing method according to any one of claims 5 or 6, characterized in that the construction element (20 ') comprises a third breakable portion (44) which, dividing the first cell (36) longitudinally in two parts (36a, 36b) is adapted to be cut, and in that the method comprises a step of cutting the third breakable portion (44). 8. Method according to any one of claims 5 to 7 characterized in that the first, second or third breakable portions (42, 44, 46) have a longitudinal sectional shape in 'V', the tip of the 'V being turned inwardly of the building element (20 '). 9. Method according to any one of claims 5 to 8, characterized in that the first, second or third breakable portions (42, 44, 46) have at least one line of weakness (48, 50) s' extending over the entire height of the building element (20 '). Wall structure (52, 152, 252, 352, 452, 552) comprising: - first and second load bearing walls (54, 56), and - at least one thermally insulating panel (58) disposed between the first and second walls carriers (54, 56), characterized in that the first and / or second bearing walls comprise a plurality of building elements (20, 120, 220, 320, 420, 520) according to any one of claims 1 to 3 arranged to plumb each other to allow the erection of a reinforced concrete chaining through the first cells (36), and in that each building element (20, 120, 220, 320, 420, 520) has a width substantially equal to the width of the first and / or second bearing walls. Wall structure according to claim 10, characterized in that each building element (20, 120, 220, 320, 420, 520) comprises: - a first end portion (20a) provided with the first cell (36 ) and having a length substantially equal to the width of the first bearing wall (54), - a second end portion (20b) having a length substantially equal to the width of the second bearing wall (56), and - an intermediate portion (20c) connecting the first and second end portions (20a, 20b) having a length substantially equal to the width of the thermally insulating panel (58).