FR2998818A1 - Procede de fabrication d'une piece par fusion de poudre les particules de poudre arrivant froides dans le bain - Google Patents
Procede de fabrication d'une piece par fusion de poudre les particules de poudre arrivant froides dans le bain Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- FR2998818A1 FR2998818A1 FR1203257A FR1203257A FR2998818A1 FR 2998818 A1 FR2998818 A1 FR 2998818A1 FR 1203257 A FR1203257 A FR 1203257A FR 1203257 A FR1203257 A FR 1203257A FR 2998818 A1 FR2998818 A1 FR 2998818A1
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- Prior art keywords
- powder
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- support
- high energy
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 128
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 28
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title description 19
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 title 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 101100500493 Mus musculus Eapp gene Proteins 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 18
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 15
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 5
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- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 3
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 intermetallic Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/30—Process control
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
- B22F10/25—Direct deposition of metal particles, e.g. direct metal deposition [DMD] or laser engineered net shaping [LENS]
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/10—Sintering only
- B22F3/105—Sintering only by using electric current other than for infrared radiant energy, laser radiation or plasma ; by ultrasonic bonding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/14—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beam; Nozzles therefor
- B23K26/1462—Nozzles; Features related to nozzles
- B23K26/1464—Supply to, or discharge from, nozzles of media, e.g. gas, powder, wire
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/34—Laser welding for purposes other than joining
- B23K26/342—Build-up welding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B1/00—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material
- B28B1/001—Rapid manufacturing of 3D objects by additive depositing, agglomerating or laminating of material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
- B29C64/141—Processes of additive manufacturing using only solid materials
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
- B29C64/141—Processes of additive manufacturing using only solid materials
- B29C64/153—Processes of additive manufacturing using only solid materials using layers of powder being selectively joined, e.g. by selective laser sintering or melting
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C67/00—Shaping techniques not covered by groups B29C39/00 - B29C65/00, B29C70/00 or B29C73/00
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
- B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
- B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
- B29L2031/772—Articles characterised by their shape and not otherwise provided for
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
Abstract
Description
Claims (6)
- REVENDICATIONS1. Procédé de fabrication d'une pièce comprenant les étapes suivantes : (a) On fournit un matériau sous forme de particules de poudre (60), (b) On chauffe une première quantité de ladite poudre à une température supérieure à la température de fusion TF de cette poudre à l'aide d'un faisceau de haute énergie (95), et on forme à la surface d'un support (80) un premier bain comprenant cette poudre fondue et une portion de ce support (80), (c) On chauffe une deuxième quantité de ladite poudre à une température supérieure à sa température de fusion TF à l'aide dudit faisceau de haute énergie (95), et on forme à la surface du support (80) un deuxième bain comprenant cette poudre fondue et une portion de ce support (80) en aval dudit premier bain, (d) On répète l'étape (c) jusqu'à former une première couche (10) de ladite pièce sur ledit support (80), (e) On chauffe une [n]ième quantité de ladite poudre à une température supérieure à sa température de fusion TF à l'aide d'un faisceau de haute énergie (95), et on forme un [nrme bain comprenant en partie cette poudre fondue au-dessus d'une portion de ladite première couche (10), (f) On chauffe une [n+1]eme quantité de ladite poudre à une température supérieure à sa température de fusion TF à l'aide dudit faisceau de haute énergie (95), et on forme un [n+I]ième bain comprenant en partie cette poudre fondue en aval dudit [n]ième bain au-dessus d'une portion de ladite première couche (10), (g) On répète l'étape (f) de façon à former une deuxième couche (20) de ladite pièce au-dessus de ladite première couche (10), (h) On répète les étapes (e) à (g) pour chaque couche située au dessus d'une couche déjà formée jusqu'à ce que ladite pièce soit sensiblement sous sa forme finale, ledit procédé étant caractérisé en ce que les particules (60) de poudre arrivent dans chacun des bains à une température très inférieure à la température dudit bain.
- 2. Procédé de fabrication d'une pièce selon la revendication 1 caractérisé en ce que le point focal FL du faisceau de haute énergie (95) se situe au-dessus du plan de travail P ou sur ce plan, et le point focal Fp du faisceau de poudre (94) se situe en-dessous du plan de travail P, de telle sorte que les particules de poudres ne croisent à aucun moment le faisceau de haute énergie (95) entre la sortie de la buse et le plan de travail P, le plan de travail P étant défini comme le plan contenant la surface sur laquelle une desdites couches est en formation.
- 3. Procédé de fabrication d'une pièce selon la revendication 2 caractérisé en ce que pour obtenir la disposition du point focal FL du faisceau de haute énergie (95) et du point focal Fp du faisceau de poudre (94) selon la revendication 2, on augmente la distance de défocalisation Défocp du faisceau de poudre (94), et/ou on diminue le demi-angle de divergence p du faisceau laser (95) par rapport à la perpendiculaire audit plan de travail P ou on diminue la distance de défocalisation Défog du faisceau de haute énergie (95).
- 4. Procédé de fabrication d'une pièce selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3 caractérisé en ce que la distribution de la taille des particules de poudre 60 est étroite.
- 5. Procédé de fabrication d'une pièce selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4 caractérisé en ce que ledit bain revêt une forme définie par 0<90°, Happ/eapp<1 et HzR/Happ?0,6, OÙ O désigne l'angle de la surface supérieure dudit bain avec ledit plan de travail P, Happ la hauteur apparente du cordon, eapp sa largeur et HzR la hauteur de la zone refondue.
- 6. Procédé de fabrication d'une pièce selon la revendication 5 caractérisé en ce que les trois quantités 0, Happ/eapp, et HzR/Happ vérifient les relations : 15°5.0.60°, 0,045.Happ/eapp5_0,75, et HzR/I-lapp5.6.
Priority Applications (12)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR1203257A FR2998818B1 (fr) | 2012-11-30 | 2012-11-30 | Procede de fabrication d'une piece par fusion de poudre les particules de poudre arrivant froides dans le bain |
RU2015125712A RU2678619C2 (ru) | 2012-11-30 | 2013-11-29 | Способ изготовления детали плавлением порошка, частицы которого достигают жидкой ванны в холодном состоянии |
CN201380062771.7A CN104903030B (zh) | 2012-11-30 | 2013-11-29 | 通过熔化粉末制造部件的方法,该粉末颗粒以冷却状态到达熔池 |
JP2015544522A JP6480341B2 (ja) | 2012-11-30 | 2013-11-29 | 粉末粒子が低温状態で浴に到達する、粉末を溶融させることによる部品製造方法 |
EP13808135.1A EP2925471A1 (fr) | 2012-11-30 | 2013-11-29 | Procede de fabrication d'une piece par fusion de poudre, les particules de poudre arrivant froides dans le bain |
BR112015012278-7A BR112015012278A2 (pt) | 2012-11-30 | 2013-11-29 | método de fabricar uma peça |
PCT/FR2013/052905 WO2014083291A1 (fr) | 2012-11-30 | 2013-11-29 | Procede de fabrication d'une piece par fusion de poudre, les particules de poudre arrivant froides dans le bain |
SG10201703930VA SG10201703930VA (en) | 2012-11-30 | 2013-11-29 | Method for manufacturing a part by melting powder, the powder particles reaching the bath in a cold state |
SG11201504105YA SG11201504105YA (en) | 2012-11-30 | 2013-11-29 | Method for manufacturing a part by melting powder, the powder particles reaching the bath in a cold state |
CA2892848A CA2892848C (fr) | 2012-11-30 | 2013-11-29 | Procede de fabrication d'une piece par fusion de poudre, les particules de poudre arrivant froides dans le bain |
US14/648,560 US10967460B2 (en) | 2012-11-30 | 2013-11-29 | Method for manufacturing a part by melting powder, the powder particles reaching the bath in a cold state |
JP2018216876A JP2019064268A (ja) | 2012-11-30 | 2018-11-19 | 粉末粒子が低温状態で浴に到達する、粉末を溶融させることによる部品製造方法 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR1203257 | 2012-11-30 | ||
FR1203257A FR2998818B1 (fr) | 2012-11-30 | 2012-11-30 | Procede de fabrication d'une piece par fusion de poudre les particules de poudre arrivant froides dans le bain |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
FR2998818A1 true FR2998818A1 (fr) | 2014-06-06 |
FR2998818B1 FR2998818B1 (fr) | 2020-01-31 |
Family
ID=48237001
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
FR1203257A Active FR2998818B1 (fr) | 2012-11-30 | 2012-11-30 | Procede de fabrication d'une piece par fusion de poudre les particules de poudre arrivant froides dans le bain |
Country Status (10)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US10967460B2 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP2925471A1 (fr) |
JP (2) | JP6480341B2 (fr) |
CN (1) | CN104903030B (fr) |
BR (1) | BR112015012278A2 (fr) |
CA (1) | CA2892848C (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2998818B1 (fr) |
RU (1) | RU2678619C2 (fr) |
SG (2) | SG10201703930VA (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2014083291A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (14)
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UA112682C2 (uk) * | 2014-10-23 | 2016-10-10 | Приватне Акціонерне Товариство "Нво "Червона Хвиля" | Спосіб виготовлення тривимірних об'єктів і пристрій для його реалізації |
RU2627527C2 (ru) * | 2015-09-25 | 2017-08-08 | Анатолий Евгеньевич Волков | Способ и устройство аддитивного изготовления деталей методом прямого осаждения материала, управляемого в электромагнитном поле |
US20180361665A1 (en) * | 2015-12-18 | 2018-12-20 | Aurora Labs Limited | 3D Printing Method and Apparatus |
FR3064509B1 (fr) | 2017-03-28 | 2019-04-05 | Safran Aircraft Engines | Dispositif de fabrication additive d'une piece de turbomachine par depot direct de metal sur un substrat |
US10898968B2 (en) * | 2017-04-28 | 2021-01-26 | Divergent Technologies, Inc. | Scatter reduction in additive manufacturing |
WO2019083042A1 (fr) * | 2017-10-27 | 2019-05-02 | キヤノン株式会社 | Procédé de production d'un objet moulé en céramique |
JP7366529B2 (ja) * | 2017-10-27 | 2023-10-23 | キヤノン株式会社 | 造形物の製造方法および造形物 |
CN108044930B (zh) * | 2017-11-23 | 2020-02-21 | 上海汉信模具制造有限公司 | 一种塑胶粉末随形阶梯温度床的增材制造方法 |
US11084221B2 (en) | 2018-04-26 | 2021-08-10 | General Electric Company | Method and apparatus for a re-coater blade alignment |
US11179808B1 (en) * | 2018-07-11 | 2021-11-23 | Rosemount Aerospace Inc. | System and method of additive manufacturing |
US11219951B2 (en) * | 2019-07-03 | 2022-01-11 | Directed Metal 3D, S.L. | Multi-mode laser device for metal manufacturing applications |
KR102236148B1 (ko) * | 2019-12-31 | 2021-04-06 | 한국과학기술원 | 3d 프린팅 공정 중 형성되는 용융풀 크기를 제어할 수 있는 3d 프린팅 시스템 및 방법 |
KR102220823B1 (ko) * | 2019-12-31 | 2021-02-26 | 한국과학기술원 | 3d 프린팅 공정 중 형성되는 용융풀 깊이를 추정하는 방법 및 장치, 그리고 이를 구비한 3d 프린팅 시스템 |
CN113953534B (zh) * | 2020-07-16 | 2023-08-04 | 中国航发商用航空发动机有限责任公司 | 支撑结构及其成形方法、装置、存储介质 |
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2012
- 2012-11-30 FR FR1203257A patent/FR2998818B1/fr active Active
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2013
- 2013-11-29 SG SG10201703930VA patent/SG10201703930VA/en unknown
- 2013-11-29 US US14/648,560 patent/US10967460B2/en active Active
- 2013-11-29 CN CN201380062771.7A patent/CN104903030B/zh active Active
- 2013-11-29 EP EP13808135.1A patent/EP2925471A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2013-11-29 SG SG11201504105YA patent/SG11201504105YA/en unknown
- 2013-11-29 RU RU2015125712A patent/RU2678619C2/ru active
- 2013-11-29 WO PCT/FR2013/052905 patent/WO2014083291A1/fr active Application Filing
- 2013-11-29 CA CA2892848A patent/CA2892848C/fr active Active
- 2013-11-29 BR BR112015012278-7A patent/BR112015012278A2/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2013-11-29 JP JP2015544522A patent/JP6480341B2/ja active Active
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2018
- 2018-11-19 JP JP2018216876A patent/JP2019064268A/ja active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4927992A (en) * | 1987-03-04 | 1990-05-22 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | Energy beam casting of metal articles |
GB2228224A (en) * | 1989-02-08 | 1990-08-22 | Gen Electric | Fabrication of articles |
EP2292357A1 (fr) * | 2009-08-10 | 2011-03-09 | BEGO Bremer Goldschlägerei Wilh.-Herbst GmbH & Co KG | Article céramique ou verre-céramique et procédés de production de cet article |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
RU2678619C2 (ru) | 2019-01-30 |
JP2016504215A (ja) | 2016-02-12 |
FR2998818B1 (fr) | 2020-01-31 |
WO2014083291A1 (fr) | 2014-06-05 |
JP2019064268A (ja) | 2019-04-25 |
EP2925471A1 (fr) | 2015-10-07 |
SG10201703930VA (en) | 2017-06-29 |
CN104903030A (zh) | 2015-09-09 |
CA2892848C (fr) | 2021-06-29 |
CA2892848A1 (fr) | 2014-06-05 |
US10967460B2 (en) | 2021-04-06 |
BR112015012278A2 (pt) | 2018-04-24 |
SG11201504105YA (en) | 2015-07-30 |
JP6480341B2 (ja) | 2019-03-06 |
CN104903030B (zh) | 2017-10-24 |
US20150298259A1 (en) | 2015-10-22 |
RU2015125712A (ru) | 2017-01-10 |
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