FR2970768A1 - Device for storing heat energy of solar origin for building, has chambers comprising access port provided with closing unit that limits closed enclosure space of load in closed position and closed state of apertures with chamber - Google Patents

Abstract

The device has two chambers (2) for accommodating a load (1), where each chamber comprises two closable apertures (3) for air circulation within the chamber. The load is inserted or moved into the chamber through an access port (5) to enable displacement of the load from an energy absorption position into an energy output position. The access port is provided with a closing unit i.e. door, that limits a closed enclosure space of the load in a closed position and a closed state of the apertures with the chamber.

Description

The present invention relates to a thermal energy storage device of solar origin, for volume, in particular for construction, glass surface, and a construction equipped with such a device for storing energy. It relates more particularly to a thermal energy storage device, of the type comprising at least one means for collecting and emitting heat of solar origin in the form of at least one flap.

The ability of a surface to absorb solar energy is characterized by two parameters: its absorptivity (a), which indicates its ability to transform the solar radiation it receives, into heat, and its emissivity (c) which indicates its ability to emit heat in the form of infrared radiation. These two coefficients represent the fraction of the Bolzman constant applied to a surface relative to that of a black body reference body; the absorptivity and emissivity of the black body are equal to 1.0, those of the other bodies are inferior. body paint paint paper marble paint surface black white red aluminum white black selective absorptivity 1.0 0.18 0.6 0.1 0.42 0.98 0.95 emissivity 1.0 0.97 0.94 0.05 0.94 0.95 0.08 For example, a selective surface of the titanium oxide type absorbs solar energy (a = 0.95) and emits little thermal radiation (c = 0.08), which makes it very powerful for solar thermal collectors.

Solar energy is a long-time source of heat for building heating. In particular, it has been developed a device for obscuring glass surfaces using a flap with adjustable blades as illustrated, in particular, the patent FR 2,523,201. The shutter placed next to a glazing stores the solar energy and restores it towards the interior of the room by pivoting the blades to 180 °. This solution is complex to implement and does not store the accumulated energy so that in summer, it heats the interior of the room, while it is not necessary.

There are also mobile energy storage shutter solutions between a position facing a glazed surface and a position spaced from the glass surface so as not to obscure the glass surface when this is not desired. Again, such a solution does not store the accumulated thermal energy and restore it at will.

An object of the present invention is therefore to provide an energy storage device of the aforementioned type, easy maintenance, whose simple design allows easy storage of heat, and a return of this heat according to the heating needs .

Another object of the present invention is to propose an energy storage device of the aforementioned type, the design of which makes it possible to follow the movements of the sun along the construction in order to increase the performance of the means of energy capture, to low cost.

Another object of the present invention is to propose an energy storage device of the aforementioned type whose design makes it possible to conceal the glass surface at will.

For this purpose, the subject of the invention is a device for storing thermal energy of solar origin, for volume, in particular for construction, with a glass surface, of the type comprising at least one means for collecting and emitting heat. of solar origin in the form of at least one flap having at least one absorption surface of the dark-colored solar energy, characterized in that the device further comprises at least one storage chamber of said shutter equipped on the one hand, at least two closable openings for air circulation inside the enclosure, on the other hand, at least one so-called access opening through which the or at least one flap is adapted to be introduced into or out of the enclosure to allow passage of said flap from an energy sensing position in which said flap is disposed outside the enclosure and positionable, preferably, facing a glazed surface, on the inner side of e said glazed surface, at a position of restitution of energy in which said flap is disposed inside the enclosure, said or each access opening of the enclosure being equipped with at least one closing member, such as a door, which, in the closed position and in the closed state of the air circulation openings, delimits with said enclosure, an enclosed confinement space of said at least one flap.

The possibility of enclosing the shutter inside the enclosure makes it possible to store the heat emitted by the shutter and to distribute it according to the heat requirements in the construction, or more generally inside the glass volume at inside which the storage device is installed.

The possibility of enclosing the shutter inside the enclosure may also allow the use of the latter as a radiator under particular conditions of use.

The possibility of moving the shutter between a retracted position and an output position of the enclosure allows, firstly, not to permanently obscure the glass surface, on the other hand, to optimize the capture function of 25 heat of the shutter and the movement, during the day, said shutter before enclosing it, for example for the night, inside the enclosure.

The simplicity of the device makes it possible to multiply, if necessary, the number of shutters for the same enclosure and to cover a large area of glass surface 30 at a lower cost.

Preferably, the absorption surface of the dark-colored solar energy of said flap has an emissivity of less than 0.15 and the opposite face of the flap has an emissivity preferably greater than 0.7.

It should be noted that, by component, we mean indifferently a flexible or rigid element. Said flap can be formed of one or more panels, this flap can be a folding flap or other slat, this flap having at least one configuration in which it forms a substantially plane element.

The design of the shutter can be extremely simple. In its simplest version, the flap comprises, between its solar energy absorption face and its opposite face, at least one sealed enclosure containing water. Preferably, however, the flap comprises, between its solar energy absorption face and its opposite face, at least one sealed enclosure containing a phase change material under the effect of heat. This material preferably has a melting point higher than the ambient temperature in the glass surface volume to be conditioned and / or higher than the maximum nighttime outside temperature.

The shutter can also, in one variant, comprise, between its solar energy absorption face and its opposite face, an absorbent or adsorbent material.

Preferably, the thermal energy storage device comprises at least two enclosures arranged at different heights, preferably superimposed, said speakers communicating with each other, each enclosure delimiting a storage volume of at least one flap. This arrangement makes it possible to create a chimney capable of evacuating, at the top, heat by thermal draft resulting from the differences in temperatures between the temperature of the enclosure and the outside temperature.

For their communication with each other, said enclosures, each comprising a bottom, a top face and side faces, at least one of which is provided with the access opening inside said enclosure, have closable communication openings. between speakers arranged in the bottom and the face of the top of each speaker.

Preferably, the or each enclosure comprises at least three closable openings for air circulation, namely at least one air inlet and two air outlets, one of the air outlets opening out of the volume the glazed surface to be air-conditioned, the other or another of the air outlet (s) being connectable to a network of heating ducts and / or air conditioning.

More preferably, the or at least one of the enclosures is equipped with means, such as an electrical resistance, for heating said or at least one flap. The shutter can thus be used as a heating radiator of the glazed volume to be air conditioned, in the state out of the enclosure, after heating in the enclosure.

In another particular embodiment, the or each enclosure comprises, as closable air circulation openings, at least one air inlet and one air outlet each connectable to the same network of heating ducts and / or air conditioning to allow, within the enclosure, the heating of said or at least one flap used as a radiator outside the enclosure. In this embodiment, the ductwork network is the heating means of the shutter during, for example the non-sunny winter periods and conversely may participate in heating the air flowing in the ducts of the network after a sunshine phase.

The invention also relates to a construction of the type comprising at least one glazed surface and a thermal energy storage device, characterized in that the thermal energy storage device is in accordance with that described above.

In a first embodiment of the invention, the enclosure of the storage device is disposed in the thickness of the wall, in the vicinity of the glass surface, said or each flap of the heat capture and emission means s d solar origin of the storage device being a sliding shutter slidingly mounted between a retracted position in the chamber and an output position of the enclosure in which it extends opposite the glass surface.

In this embodiment, the enclosure may be delimited by at least a portion of the constituent sections of the frame of the opening.

In another embodiment of a construction whose glass surface is provided with an enclosure of said surface, such as a wall, the enclosure of the storage device may be arranged perpendicular to the glass surface so that the flap, in the state introduced into the chamber, extends perpendicularly to said glazed surface and not parallel to said glass surface. Again, in this case, the storage enclosure may be formed by at least a portion of the framing profiles of the opening.

In another embodiment of a construction whose glazed surface is provided with a surrounding surface, such as a wall, the enclosure of the storage device may comprise at least two access openings of a shutter arranged opposite on two opposite faces of said enclosure. In this case, the enclosure may be disposed on a wall shutter which separates two glazed surfaces, the shutter of the same enclosure being able to indifferently conceal one or the other of the glazed surfaces as a function, for example of the position of the sun with respect to the construction or the volume to be heated, when the enclosure extends between two parts of the construction.

The invention will be better understood on reading the following description of exemplary embodiments, with reference to the appended drawings, in which: FIG. 1 represents a schematic perspective view of a first embodiment of a device of FIG. storage according to the invention;

FIG. 2 represents a schematic perspective view of a second embodiment of a storage device according to the invention;

Figure 3 shows a schematic perspective view of another embodiment of the invention; FIG. 4 represents a partial diagrammatic cross-sectional view of a storage device according to the invention.

As mentioned above, the thermal energy storage device ls of solar origin, also called heat storage device, object of the invention, is more particularly intended to be installed in a volume delimited by at least one surface glazed, especially in a building.

Such a device may, however, also be installed inside a vehicle 20 or any other volume comprising at least one glazed surface.

This device comprises at least one means for collecting and emitting heat of solar origin in the form of at least one flap 1.

Generally, the solar energy absorption face 7 of the dark color of said shutter 1 has an emissivity of less than 0.15 and the opposite face 8 of the shutter 1 has an emissivity preferably greater than 0.7.

Of course, the absorption face 7 of the dark-colored solar energy 30 is intended to be positioned facing the glass surface. This face is generally formed by a coating of the flap core, such as a black paint layer or a metal plate. The other face of the flap is preferably an equally metallic face. Preferably, the flap comprises, between its face 7 of absorption of solar energy and its opposite face 8, at least one sealed enclosure containing a phase change material under the effect of heat. This material preferably has a melting point higher than the ambient temperature in the glass surface volume to be conditioned and / or higher than the maximum nighttime outside temperature. In particular, the core of the flap may be a closed chamber enclosing a honeycomb whose cells are filled with the phase-change material, such as paraffin, salt hydrates, sugar alcohols or the like. Said flap can be formed of one or more panels, as will be described below.

The device further comprises at least one storage chamber 2 for the said shutter 1 equipped on the one hand with at least two closable openings 3 for circulating air inside the chamber 2, on the other hand, at least one so-called access opening 5 through which the or at least one flap 1 is able to be introduced or taken out of the enclosure 2 to allow the passage of said flap 1 from a sensing position. energy in which said flap 1 is disposed outside the enclosure 2 and positionable, preferably, facing a glazed surface 13, on the inner side of said glazed surface 13, to a restitution position of energy in which said shutter 1 is disposed inside the enclosure 2. Said access opening 5 or each access opening 5 of the enclosure 2 is equipped with at least one closure member 6, such as a door 6, which, in the closed position and in the closed state of the air circulation openings 3, delimits a with said enclosure 2 an enclosed confinement space of said at least one flap 1.

The enclosure is generally of parallelepipedal shape. This enclosure 30 generally comprises a bottom, a top face and side faces, at least one of which is provided with the access opening inside said enclosure.

In the particular case of a chest-type enclosure positionable above a glass surface, the flap being a shutter, the access opening to the interior of the enclosure can be arranged in the bottom of the 'pregnant.

This enclosure may be configured so that the flap extends, in the sensing position, perpendicularly to the position it occupies in the energy restitution position inside the enclosure, as illustrated in FIGS. and 3.

This enclosure can also be configured so that the flap extends, in the sensing position, parallel to the position it occupies in the energy restitution position inside the enclosure. In this case, said flap generally moves parallel to itself for its passage from the capture position to the restitution position and vice versa.

This enclosure can also be configured so that the shutter is a rolling shutter stored in the wound state in the enclosure disposed above the glass surface.

The details of several embodiments will be described below.

In the examples shown, the closure member 6 of the access opening of the enclosure is formed by a single door. Preferably, the closure member of the access opening of the enclosure is equipped with return means in the closed position.

The device may comprise at least two enclosures 2, preferably superimposed, said speakers 2 communicating with each other, each enclosure delimiting a storage volume of at least one flap 1. This configuration is more particularly visible in FIG. superposition of the speakers makes it possible to create a chimney effect inside said speakers thanks to the difference in temperature between the inside of the speakers and the outside air.

Thus, a storage device may be provided on each floor of a building. As the speakers communicate with each other via a connection, preferably closable, it is possible to decide to distribute heat at a level. In this case, the heat is transferred by simple air flow between said speakers towards the enclosure which has an open air outlet, the air outlet opening to the air inside the volume to glass surface to be heated, or in a network of heating ducts and / or air conditioning, or even, for example, outside the building when seeking to remove heat.

Generally, the closable communication openings between the speakers are arranged in the bottom and the face of the top of each enclosure. Preferably, the or each enclosure 2 comprises at least three closable openings 3 for air circulation, namely at least one air inlet 3A and two air outlets 3B, 3C, one of the air outlets 3B air opening outside the glass surface volume to be air-conditioned, the other outlet 3C of air being connectable to a network 14 of heating ducts and / or air conditioning.

In the example shown in FIG. 4, each enclosure has, on one of its side walls, an air inlet 3A in the low position connected to the volume to be heated and two air outlet 3C, 3D in the high position, one connected to the network, the other 3D, opening into the volume to be air-conditioned having a glazed surface. The chamber may comprise an additional air inlet (not shown) connected to the network of heating ducts and / or air conditioning to allow said shutter to be heated inside the enclosure, and to use this shutter as a radiator, in the output state of the enclosure. 2970768 ii Each enclosure further comprises, for its communication with another enclosure, an air inlet in the bottom of the enclosure and an air outlet in the face of the top of the enclosure. The air outlet 3B of the enclosure, the highest above, opens in the open air to be able to reject air outside the construction. All these openings are closable by means of a closure member 4 which may be formed of a valve, a flap, a register or other. This shutter member can be manually or automatically controlled.

Some air inlets or outlets may be equipped with forced air circulation means, such as a fan. The air outlets can be opened simultaneously or selectively to allow a heat supply of the building according to the heating needs. It's the same with the air inlets.

The device further comprises means 9 for assisting the displacement of the at least one flap 1 for its passage from the energy sensing position to the energy restitution position and vice versa.

In the example shown in FIG. 1, the energy storage device 20 comprises an enclosure and at least one shutter, in this case two flaps moving parallel to themselves for the passage from a capture position to a restitution position. These shutters are, here, sliding shutters.

To allow such a displacement, the device comprises guiding means, such as rails or slides, positionable parallel to the glazed surface to be equipped and rolling members or friction fitted to said flaps. These rolling members or friction ensure the connection of the flap to the guide means, said flap may be a sliding flap, suspended or not.

In this second case, the flap is further equipped with running gear or friction on the ground.

In the example shown in FIG. 1, the enclosure 2 comprises at least two access openings of a flap arranged facing two opposite faces of said enclosure 2.

Thus, the or each flap can be extracted from one or other of the two opposite faces of said enclosure. As a result, with the aid of the same enclosure, the possibility of covering a large area of glass surface.

In the example shown in Figure 1, the sliding guide rails pass right through the enclosure and then extend beyond said enclosure by a distance corresponding to the length of the glass surface 15 can be hidden by the blind.

In this embodiment, it is noted that the enclosure has two access openings and is capable of housing two flaps in parallel arrangement inside the enclosure, each flap being mounted movably in motion independently of the other. shutter.

In the case where the enclosure is disposed between two glazed surfaces, it will comprise two pairs of access openings, each pair serving to house a flap, said flaps being in parallel arrangement inside the enclosure. In another embodiment, in accordance with FIG. 2, the shutter 1 of the means for collecting and emitting heat of solar origin is connected to the door-type closure member 6 of the enclosure 2, by a pivot link, to allow the passage of said flap 1 of an extended energy sensing position in which the flap 1 and the closure member 6 are arranged substantially in alignment with each other to a folded position of restitution of energy in which the flap 1 is folded against the face turned towards the inside of the enclosure of the closure member 6, in the closed state of said closure member 6.

In this embodiment, the shutter, in the position of restitution of energy inside the enclosure, extends substantially perpendicularly to the glass surface of the construction and perpendicular to the position it occupies in the sensing position. , this sensing position corresponding to a position in which the flap extends parallel to the glass surface.

For the passage of the energy recovery position to the energy capture position, the closure member is pivotally coupled to the enclosure by a hinge-type connection, from the closed position to the open position. of the enclosure. In this open position, 90 ° apart from the closed position, the closure member is parallel to the glass surface.

As this closing member is coupled to the flap by a pivot connection, hinge-type, positioned along the vertical longitudinal edge of the closure member, opposite to that connecting the closure member to the enclosure, it is sufficient then 180 ° pivotally move the flap to bring it from a folded position against the door to a position in alignment with the door. The folding is done by a reverse movement. In a third embodiment of the invention, in accordance with FIG. 3, the at least one flap 1 of the means for collecting and emitting heat of solar origin is formed of a plurality of panels 11 connected between 12 in this embodiment, again, the shutter is shifted by 90 ° between the sensing position and the restitution position. .

The shutter can still be a flap, for example, slats of the shutter type. The above examples illustrate the large number of possible embodiments due to the concept of a closed enclosure and a movable flap. It can also be imagined that the enclosure is, in addition to the shutters, mobile to increase the number of configurations.

As illustrated above, the operation of such a storage device is extremely easy. It suffices, in fact, simply to choose the position of the shutter and select, in restitution of energy position within the enclosure of the shutter, the air circulation openings of the enclosure that one opens. The operation of the shutter, as well as the opening / closing control of the shutter members of the air circulation openings of the enclosure, can be automated and managed by a control unit according to a large number parameters, such as season, time of day, outside temperature, indoor temperature, heating requirements, etc. 20

Claims (12)

REVENDICATIONS1. Solar energy storage device of solar origin, for volume, in particular for construction, with glass surface, of the type comprising at least one means for collecting and emitting heat of solar origin in the form of at least a flap (1) having at least one side (7) for absorbing dark-colored solar energy, characterized in that the device further comprises at least one enclosure (2) for storing said flap (1) equipped on the one hand with at least two closable openings (3) for circulating air inside the enclosure (2), and on the other hand with at least one opening (5) access through which the or at least one flap (1) is adapted to be introduced or removed from the enclosure (2) to allow the passage of said flap (1) from an energy sensing position in which said flap (1) is disposed outside the enclosure (2) and positionable, preferably, facing a glazed surface (13), on the inner side ur of said glazed surface (13), at an energy restitution position in which said shutter (1) is disposed inside the enclosure (2), said or each access opening (5) of the enclosure (2) being equipped with at least one closure member (6), such as a door (6), which, in the closed position and in the closed state of the air circulation openings (3), delimits with said enclosure (2), an enclosed confinement space of said at least one flap (1). 2. Thermal energy storage device according to claim 1, characterized in that the face (7) for absorbing the dark-colored solar energy of said flap (1) has an emissivity of less than 0.15 and in that that the opposite face (8) of the flap (1) has an emissivity preferably greater than 0.7. 3. Thermal energy storage device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises at least two enclosures (2) arranged at different heights, preferably superimposed, said speakers (2) communicating with each other , each enclosure defining a storage volume of at least one flap (1). s 4. Thermal energy storage device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the or each enclosure (2) comprises at least three openings (3) closable air circulation, namely at least one inlet ( 3A) and two air outlets (3B, 3C), one (3B) of the air outlets opening 10 outside the glass surface volume to be conditioned, the other or another output (s) (3C) of air being connectable to a network (14) of heating ducts and / or air conditioning. 5. Thermal energy storage device according to one of claims 1 1s to 4, characterized in that the or at least one of the enclosures (2) is equipped with a means, such as an electrical resistance, heating said or at least one flap (1). 20 6. Thermal energy storage device according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the or each enclosure comprises as openings (3) closable air flow, at least one air inlet and an air outlet each connectable to the same network of heating ducts and / or air conditioning to allow, within the enclosure (2), the heating of said or at least one flap (1) used as a radiator outside the enclosure. 7. Thermal energy storage device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the device further comprises means (9) for assisting the displacement of the at least one flap (1) for its passage of the energy uptake position at the energy restitution position. 8. Thermal energy storage device according to one of the preceding claims, s characterized in that the enclosure (2) comprises at least two access openings of a flap disposed opposite on two opposite faces of said enclosure (2). 9. Thermal energy storage device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the flap (1) of the means for collecting and emitting heat of solar origin is connected to the member (6). door-type closure of the enclosure (2), by a connection (10) pivot, to allow the passage of said flap (1) of an extended energy harvesting position in which the flap (1) and ls l closing member (6) are arranged substantially in alignment with each other in a folded position of restitution of energy in which the flap (1) is folded against the inward facing face of the enclosure of the closure member (6), in the closed state of said closure member (6). 20 10. Thermal energy storage device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the or at least one flap (1) of the means for collecting and emitting heat of solar origin is formed of a plurality panels (11) interconnected by a link (12) pivot, said flap being foldable preferably by an accordion folding panels (11). 11. Construction of the type comprising at least one glazed surface (13) and a thermal energy storage device of solar origin, characterized in that the thermal energy storage device is in accordance with one of the 3o claims 1 at 10. 2970768 is 12. Construction according to claim 10, of the type whose glass surface (13) is equipped with an entourage of said surface, such as a wall, characterized in that the enclosure (2) of the energy storage device the wall is located in the vicinity of the glass surface (13), said or each flap (1) of the means for collecting and emitting solar heat from the storage device being a sliding shutter at sliding partition mounted between a position retracted into the enclosure (2) and an outlet position of the enclosure in which it extends facing the glazed surface (13). io