FR2963354A1 - Cold mix asphalt, useful in traditional construction roads, urban development and realization of tightness of buildings, sports floors or industrial, comprises binder reagent e.g. binder hydrocarbon and fatty acid, and aggregates - Google Patents

Abstract

Cold mix asphalt comprises: binder reagent (5-20 (preferably 10-20) wt.%) has cold hardening; and aggregates (balance), where the binder reagent comprises at least one binder hydrocarbon (4-40 wt.%), at least a fatty acid (40-95 wt.%) and at least one adjuvant reagent (0.5-20 wt.%) comprising complexing organic or inorganic, an acid anhydride, a fatty amine, an inorganic salt of cations and anions mono or polyvalent, a cement, lime, plaster, dolomite, a slag, a glass, an alkali silicate, a silica gel, and/or alum, preferably quicklime. An independent claim is included for preparing the cold mix asphalt comprising (i) providing the binder hydrocarbon, the fatty acid and the aggregates, (ii) mixing the binder and hydrocarbon or fatty acid, and (iii) kneading the mixture with the aggregates, where the method comprises adding the adjuvant reagent, preferably quicklime, having one or more of steps (i)-(iii).

Description

The invention relates to a cold-poured asphalt comprising a reactive binder at ambient temperature comprising a hydrocarbon binder, fatty acids and a reactive adjuvant, preferably quicklime. The invention also relates to its preparation process. To date, asphalts are exclusively obtained by hot manufacture. The possibility of producing cold-cast asphalt compared to those made today at temperatures between 160 and 240 ° C has many advantages including: - reducing the risks for the personnel and improving the working conditions work, - the reduction of manufacturing energies, - the reduction of the emission of greenhouse gases, - the reduction of the nuisance to the residents.

Indeed, the conventional cast asphalts are made by mixing a hydrocarbon binder and mineral filler and are cast at high temperature that is to say at temperatures between 200 ° C and 270 ° C. Traditionally, these asphalts consist of 6 to 23% binder and 77 to 94% mineral fillers (fines, which are mixed with the binder to form a putty, and aggregates mixed with this mastic). These traditional asphalts are used in the construction of roads, urban development, in the realization of sports or industrial floors, or in the sealing of buildings. The high temperature at which these conventional asphalts must be cast has drawbacks. In particular, significant smoke emissions, related to the high temperature use of the binder, and high energy expenditure to bring all the components to the manufacturing temperature. To reduce this temperature many possibilities have been proposed: the document FR 2 721 936 discloses the use of a hydrocarbon wax, the document FR 2 855 523 as for it is oriented towards the coupled addition of two types of wax (hydrocarbon and fatty acid ester), the document FR 2 930 955 proposes the use of a wax of animal origin and one or more amides of ethylene diamine. Finally, certain amine or glycerol type additives have been proposed (patents FR 09 50 938 and FR 08 58 128). These different techniques make it possible to reduce the manufacturing and casting temperature of asphalts by up to 40 ° C. The invention which is the subject of the present application makes it possible to lower the temperature of manufacture and use of the asphalt at ambient temperature, that is to say at a temperature in the region of 20 ° C. This cold manufacturing allows an implementation of asphalt at a manufacturing temperature close to room temperature.

The applicant has surprisingly discovered a new asphalt comprising a reactive binder capable of being cold-cast having excellent properties in terms of flowability or self-leveling. The cold-cast asphalt of the invention comprises, by weight, based on the total weight of the asphalt 5 to 20%, preferably 10 to 20% by weight of cold-hardening reactive binder and the balance to 100% by weight of aggregates. This reactive binder, fluid at ambient temperature, comprises by weight relative to the total weight of the reactive binder: 4 to 40%, preferably 10 to 30% and better still 15 to 20% of at least one hydrocarbon binder, 95%, preferably 50 to 80% and more preferably 60 to 75% of at least one fatty acid, - 0.5 to 20%, preferably 5 to 20% and more preferably 10 to 20% by weight of at least a reactive adjuvant selected from an organic or inorganic complexing agent, an acid anhydride, a fatty amine, an inorganic salt of mono or polyvalent cations and anions, a cement, lime, plaster, dolomite, a slag, a glass, an alkali silicate, a silica gel, alum, and mixtures thereof, preferably quicklime. This binder, added to a granular composition of suitable particle size, provides a mixture having the rheological characteristics of a traditional hot asphalt. Preferably, the cold-cast asphalt further comprises an activator. The activator is selected from water, a glycol, a fatty alcohol, a surfactant, an organic or inorganic acid, a base, a metal salt, sulfur and its compounds, a peroxide, a latex, a dispersion of synthetic resin, and mixtures thereof. Preferably, the activator comprises or consists of water. The contribution of water (activator role) in the system makes it possible to initiate the increase in cohesion of the mixture. This water may be introduced, at a rate of 0.1 to 5% by weight of the binder / granulate mixture, in various forms: by watering the surface after application with immediate action, by introducing into the mixture at the mixing, action is then immediate with a traditional lime, - by introduction into the mixture via filler with high specific surface containing water adsorbed with a delayed action in time, - by slow and homogeneous production of water directly. within the material by in situ chemical reaction (condensation type reaction, for example, synthesis of an ester, an amide, etc.). Preferably, the esterification reactions have been chosen because of the existence of the acids already present in the reactive binder. This chemical reaction is a balanced reaction. It is nevertheless possible to shift the equilibrium in one of the two directions by eliminating or consuming one of the reagents. In the case of the cohesion of the asphalt, the water is used by the reagent system and this consumption makes it possible to achieve satisfactory esterification reaction yields. These esterification reactions are known to have the best yields with primary alcohols: simple alcohols such as ethanol, propanol, butanol and polyols such as glycerol, diglycerol, polyglycerol and pentaerythritol are susceptible to be used as an activator in the asphalt of the invention. Preferably, the cold-poured asphalt comprises 0.1 to 5% by weight of water and / or at least one alcohol relative to the total weight of the asphalt. It is also possible to use a mixture of several alcohols such as a mixture of ethanol and glycerol.

The invention also relates to a method for preparing cold-poured asphalt comprising: (i) providing a hydrocarbon binder, (ii) providing at least one fatty acid, (iii) providing the aggregates, iv) the mixture of the hydrocarbon-based binder and the fatty acid or acids, (v) the mixing of the mixture obtained in step (iv) with the granulates, said process comprising the addition of a reactive adjuvant, preferably lime live at one or more of steps (i) to (v). According to the invention, the reactive binder comprises at least one fatty acid. Preferably, it comprises a mixture of mono and / or aliphatic fatty polyacid and / or cyclic mono and / or poly fatty acid. The fatty monoacids used in the reactive binder of the invention may be chosen from saturated or unsaturated fatty acids, monocarboxylic acids comprising 6 to 24 carbon atoms and poly fatty acids from dicarboxylic fatty acids comprising 12 to 48 carbon atoms and / or tricarboxylic fatty acids (s) comprising from 18 to 72 carbon atoms. Preferably, the fatty acids are isolated or derived from tall oil or a vegetable oil selected from natural vegetable oils and modified vegetable oils, and for example from soybean oil, flaxseed oil, sunflower oil, rapeseed oil, grape seed oil, peanut oil, olive oil, canola oil, safflower oil, coconut oil, wheat germ, corn oil, walnut oil, almond oil, palm oil, sesame oil and mixtures thereof. By way of example, the linear saturated fatty acids may be chosen from caproic acid, caprylic acid, capric acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, margaric acid stearic acid, arachidic acid, behenic acid, and lignoceric acid. By way of example, the unsaturated monocarboxylic fatty acids may be chosen from palmitoleic acid, oleic acid, vaccenic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, arachidonic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid. erucic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, nervonic acid, and nonanoniacic acid. The fatty acids defined above are monocarboxylic fatty acids that are suitable for producing a basic binder according to the invention. Fatty acids that are also suitable for producing a base binder according to the invention are polymerized acids corresponding, according to the invention, to poly fatty acids, which comprise more than one carboxylic function, and are, for example, in the form of dimers or trimers (dicarboxylic fatty acids in the form of dimers and tricarboxylic fatty acids, in the form of trimers). The polymerized fatty acids are acids derived from the polymerization of the side chains of at least one unsaturated fatty acid. By way of example of dicarboxylic fatty acids in the form of dimers, which are also suitable for producing a base binder according to the invention, mention may be made of fatty acids comprising 12 to 48 saturated or unsaturated carbon atoms, preferably unsaturated and in particular the unsaturated fatty acid comprising 18 carbon atoms, of which the reference CAS is 61788-89-4.

Finally, by way of an example of tricarboxylic fatty acids, in the form of trimers which are suitable for producing a base binder according to the invention, mention may be made of fatty acids comprising 18 to 72 saturated or unsaturated carbon atoms, preferably unsaturated and in particular the unsaturated fatty acid comprising 18 carbon atoms whose CAS reference is 68937-90-6. All of the fatty acids described above may have linear, cyclic, unsaturated or branched chains. Preferably, the reactive binder comprises: 0 to 80%, preferably 40 to 80% and better still 60 to 80% of mono and / or aliphatic fatty polyacid and / or 0 to 60%, preferably 1 to 40% and better still 5 to 20% of mono- and / or polycyclic fatty acid. Preferably, the reactive binder comprises: 10 to 50%, preferably 30 to 45% of aliphatic mono fatty acid and / or 10 to 50%, preferably 20 to 40% of aliphatic fatty polyacid. The polybasic fatty acids are preferably fatty diacids. The reactive adjuvant may be in the form of a powder or in the form of a liquid and is generally chosen from an organic or inorganic complexing agent, an acid anhydride, a fatty amine, an inorganic cation and anionic salt. mono or polyvalent, a cement, lime, preferably quicklime, plaster, dolomite, a slag, a glass, an alkali silicate, a silica gel, alum, and mixtures thereof. For the purposes of the present invention, cement means a Portland cement, a composite Portland cement, a blast furnace cement, a pozzolanic cement, a slag and ash cement, but also a special cement, such as a cement fast setting. Quicklime is the direct product of the pyrolysis of limestone. This product mainly comprises calcium oxide (CaO). The hydrocarbon binders of the invention mainly correspond to bitumens. Bitumen is a mixture of natural hydrocarbonaceous materials derived from the heavy fraction obtained during the distillation of petroleum, or from natural deposits in solid or liquid form, with a density of between 0.8 and 1.2. The binders of vegetable origin, such as Vegecol® marketed by Colas and described in patent application FR 2853647, are also suitable as hydrocarbon binders. Synthetic bitumens, also known as clear bitumens, may also be used. pigmentable or colorable. These bitumens contain little or no asphaltenes and can therefore be colored. These synthetic bitumens are based on petroleum resin and / or indene-coumarone resin and lubricating oil. As a synthetic binder, mention may be made of Bituclair®. Modified bitumens can also be used by incorporating additives of any kind such as additives in order to improve the tackiness characteristics, with a view to artificially providing the properties necessary for cationic emulsification, by incorporation of elastomers, in the form of rubber crumb or the like, or alternatively bitumens improved by the addition of polymers of different types; this list is not however limiting. The hydrocarbon binder is introduced depending on the final properties sought for the asphalt. It is possible to "adjust" the properties of the asphalt by mastering those of the binder. Indeed the choice of binder, that is to say, its hardness, its color and its characteristics improved or not by the addition of additives (waxes, polymers, adhesives dope ...) will generate different properties. The hydrocarbon-based binder preferably has a penetrability measured according to the EN 1426 standard, between 10 and 300, preferably between 50 and 250, more preferably between 160 and 220. This reactive binder, added to a composition of suitable particle size, makes it possible to obtain a mixture with the rheological characteristics of a traditional hot asphalt. Preferably, the reactive binder used to prepare the cold-cast asphalt is anhydrous, i.e., it is not in the form of an aqueous emulsion.

The aggregates according to the present invention designate a granular material used in the construction. A granulate can be natural, artificial or recycled. The term "natural granulate" means a granulate that has not undergone any deformation other than mechanical. The term "artificial granulate" refers to a granulate of mineral origin resulting from an industrial process comprising thermal or other transformations. The term "recycled granulate" refers to a granulate obtained by treatment of an inorganic material previously used in the construction. The aggregates used are road aggregates, meeting the relevant standards: NF EN 13043 in Europe and ASTM C33 in the United States of America. Aggregates more particularly include fillers, fines, sands, chippings and gravel. The granulometry of the aggregates is between 0/2 mm and 0/10 mm. Preferably, granules having a particle size of between 0/2 mm and 4/6 mm, for example of particle size of 0/2, 2/4 and / or 4/6 mm, are used. The aggregates according to the invention preferably comprise fines, that is to say small aggregates passing through a sieve of 0.08 mm, representing 5 to 20%, preferably 10 to 15% by weight of the total weight of asphalt. Preferably, the cold-cast asphalt of the invention comprises: - 10 to 20% by weight of reactive binder, - 60 to 89% by weight of aggregates, and more specifically: 10 to 20% of filler 30 to 50% 0/2 or 0/4 20 to 40% 2/4 or 25 2/6 - 0.1 to 7% activator. The process for preparing cold-cast asphalt contains the characteristics of the hydrocarbon-based binder, the fatty acids and the aggregates defined above. Preferably, the manufacture of the asphalt is carried out in the following manner: firstly, a composition is obtained by mixing the hydrocarbon binder and fatty acids according to the compositions described above. The filler and the lime are then intimately mixed with the binder obtained, then the sand and the larger aggregates are respectively introduced into the mixture. Finally, the activator chosen is added to initiate, at the chosen speed, the cohesion of the asphalt. The invention is illustrated by the following examples. The percentages used are percentages by weight. Examples

The following tests have made it possible to obtain a cold asphalt which has the known and recognized fundamental advantages of this technique, more particularly the flowability and the self-rolling.

Example # 1:

Two formulations were evaluated: one with a binder containing bitumen, the other with a binder containing a synthetic binder: Binder 1 Binder 2 160/220 E PC 17.1% *** Bituclair EN *** 17.1% Aliphatic fatty mono-fatty acid 34.2% 34.2% Di-aliphatic fatty acid 25.6% 25.6% Di-cyclic fatty acid 8.6% 8.6 0/0 Lime bright 14.5% 14.5% Asphalts 1 and 2: The granulometric formulation of cold asphalt is as follows: 20 - 2/6 Voutré: 30.0 0/0 - 0/4 Bernière: 42.2 0 / 0 - Filler TB: 12.5% - Binder 1 or 2: 14.2% - Water: 1.1% 25 The mechanical performances obtained in fine, with the different modes of introduction of water into the mixture, are close to those of a traditional asphalt type AT or AC described by the Office of Asphalts.5 Example n ° 2:

Two other formulations were analyzed: one with a binder containing bitumen, the other with a binder containing a synthetic binder: Binder 3 Binder 4 160/220 E PC 20.0% *** Vegecol *** 20.0% Aliphatic Fatty Acid 40.0% 40.0% Di-Aliphatic Fatty Acid 30.0% 30.0% Di-Cyclic Fatty Acid 10.0% 10.0% 0 - 2/6 Worn: 37.3% - 0/4 Berniere: 38.5% - Filler TB: 6.9% -Liant3: 11.3% - Quicklime: 1.0% - Zeolite: 5.0 0/0 The mechanical performance obtained in fine, with the different modes of introduction of water into the mixture, are close to those of a traditional asphalt type AT or AC described by the Office Asphalts.

Asphalts 4 and 5: The granulometric formulation of cold asphalt is as follows: - 2/6 Voutré: 37.0 0/0 25 - 0/4 Bernière: 38.3 0/0 - Filler TB: 10.0 0/0 - Binder3 or 4: 12.0% - Quicklime: 1.7% - Alcohol blend: 1.0% 9 Asphalt 3: The particle size formulation of cold asphalt is as follows: In this example, an alcohol mixture consists of 50% of glycerol and 50% by weight of ethanol.

The mechanical performances obtained in fine, with production of the water in the mixture by esterification type chemical reaction, are of the same order as those obtained with a traditional asphalt of the AT or AC type described by the Office des Asphaltes.

Claims (9)

REVENDICATIONS1. Cold-cast asphalt comprising, by weight relative to the total weight of the asphalt 5 to 20%, preferably 10 to 20% by weight of cold-hardening reactive binder and the balance to 100% by weight of aggregates, said binder comprising by weight relative to the total weight of the reactive binder: - 4 to 40% of at least one hydrocarbon binder, - 40 to 95% of at least one fatty acid and - 0.5 to 20% of at least one adjuvant reagent chosen from an organic or inorganic complexing agent, an acid anhydride, a fatty amine, an inorganic salt of mono or polyvalent cations and anions, a cement, lime, plaster, dolomite, a slag, a glass, an alkali silicate, a silica gel, alum, and mixtures thereof, preferably quicklime. 2. Cold-cast asphalt according to claim 1, characterized in that the reactive binder comprises, by weight relative to the total weight of the reactive binder: 10 to 30%, preferably 15 to 20%, of at least one hydrocarbon binder, 50 at 80%, preferably 60 to 75% of at least one fatty acid, 5 to 20%, preferably 10 to 20% by weight, of quicklime. 3. cold-poured asphalt according to claim 1 or 2 characterized in that the reactive binder comprises a mixture of mono and / or aliphatic fatty polyol and / or cyclic mono and / or poly fatty acid. 4. cold-poured asphalt according to claim 3 characterized in that the reactive binder comprises 40 to 80% preferably 60 to 80% of mono and / or aliphatic fatty polyacid. Cold-rolled asphalt according to Claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the reactive binder comprises 1 to 40% and better still 5 to 20% of cyclic mono and / or poly-fatty acid. Cold-rolled asphalt according to any one of Claims 3 to 5, characterized in that the reactive binder comprises: 10 to 50%, preferably 30 to 45% of aliphatic mono fatty acid and / or 10 to 50% preferably 20 to 40% of aliphatic fatty acid polyol. 7. cold-poured asphalt according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the hydrocarbon binder has a penetrability measured according to EN 1426, between 10 and 300. 8. cold-poured asphalt according to any one of the preceding claims comprising 0.1 to 5% by weight of water and / or at least one alcohol relative to the total weight of the asphalt. A cold-poured asphalt preparation process comprising: (i) providing a hydrocarbon binder, (ii) providing at least one fatty acid, (iii) providing the aggregates, (iv) mixing hydrocarbon binder and fatty acid (s), (v) mixing the mixture obtained in step (iv) with the granules, said method comprising adding a reactive adjuvant, preferably quicklime, to one of the or more of steps (i) to (v).