FR2955384A1 - Heat exchanger structure for use on e.g. agricultural building, has heat exchangers forming cast solid unit, where flow is directed to solid unit in axis parallel with axis of stacking to supply flow to stacking of heat exchanger - Google Patents

Heat exchanger structure for use on e.g. agricultural building, has heat exchangers forming cast solid unit, where flow is directed to solid unit in axis parallel with axis of stacking to supply flow to stacking of heat exchanger Download PDF

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Publication number
FR2955384A1
FR2955384A1 FR1000228A FR1000228A FR2955384A1 FR 2955384 A1 FR2955384 A1 FR 2955384A1 FR 1000228 A FR1000228 A FR 1000228A FR 1000228 A FR1000228 A FR 1000228A FR 2955384 A1 FR2955384 A1 FR 2955384A1
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France
Prior art keywords
flow
heat exchanger
heat
stacking
plates
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French (fr)
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Jean Claude Geay
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Individual
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Individual
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D9/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D9/0081—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for one heat-exchange medium being formed by a single plate-like element ; the conduits for one heat-exchange medium being integrated in one single plate-like element
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F12/00—Use of energy recovery systems in air conditioning, ventilation or screening
    • F24F12/001—Use of energy recovery systems in air conditioning, ventilation or screening with heat-exchange between supplied and exhausted air
    • F24F12/006—Use of energy recovery systems in air conditioning, ventilation or screening with heat-exchange between supplied and exhausted air using an air-to-air heat exchanger
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F3/00—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems
    • F24F3/12—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling
    • F24F3/14—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by humidification; by dehumidification
    • F24F3/1411—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by humidification; by dehumidification by absorbing or adsorbing water, e.g. using an hygroscopic desiccant
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D9/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D9/0062—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for one heat-exchange medium being formed by spaced plates with inserted elements
    • F28D9/0075—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for one heat-exchange medium being formed by spaced plates with inserted elements the plates having openings therein for circulation of the heat-exchange medium from one conduit to another
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
    • F28F9/0202—Header boxes having their inner space divided by partitions
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F3/00—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems
    • F24F3/12—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling
    • F24F3/14—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by humidification; by dehumidification
    • F24F2003/1435—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by humidification; by dehumidification comprising semi-permeable membrane
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F3/00—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems
    • F24F3/12—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling
    • F24F3/14—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by humidification; by dehumidification
    • F24F2003/144—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by humidification; by dehumidification by dehumidification only
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F19/00—Preventing the formation of deposits or corrosion, e.g. by using filters or scrapers
    • F28F19/006—Preventing deposits of ice
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F21/00—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials
    • F28F21/06—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials of plastics material
    • F28F21/065—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials of plastics material the heat-exchange apparatus employing plate-like or laminated conduits
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2250/00—Arrangements for modifying the flow of the heat exchange media, e.g. flow guiding means; Particular flow patterns
    • F28F2250/10—Particular pattern of flow of the heat exchange media
    • F28F2250/102—Particular pattern of flow of the heat exchange media with change of flow direction
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F3/00—Plate-like or laminated elements; Assemblies of plate-like or laminated elements
    • F28F3/12—Elements constructed in the shape of a hollow panel, e.g. with channels
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
    • Y02B30/56—Heat recovery units

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)

Abstract

The structure has a stacking of crossed flow heat exchangers (41) forming a cast solid unit. A flow is directed to the solid unit in an axis parallel with an axis of stacking to supply the flow to the stacking of crossed flow heat exchanger. Side panels comprise chambers to direct the power supplies of crossed flow heat exchangers. Heat exchanger plates consist of assemblies of plates and frames providing a passage of supply fluids of flow heat exchangers. Complementary parts e.g. air dryer, are installed between the heat exchangers.

Description

DEFINITION DE L'INVENTION La présente invention concerne une structure d'échangeur thermique à plaques caractérisée en ce qu'elle est composée d'un empilement de plusieurs échangeurs thermiques à flux croisés formant un ensemble monobloc et dans laquelle les flux d'alimentation sont dirigés dans un axe parallèle à l'axe d'empilement afin de pouvoir alimenter en série les différents échangeurs thermiques à flux croisés. DEFINITION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a plate heat exchanger structure characterized in that it is composed of a stack of several cross-flow heat exchangers forming a one-piece assembly and in which the feed streams are directed in an axis parallel to the stack axis to be able to supply series of different heat exchangers cross flow.

CONTEXTE DE L'INVENTION Dans le domaine du bâtiment, la diminution de consommation d'énergie des locaux chauffés est une exigence croissante. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION In the field of building, the reduction of energy consumption of heated premises is a growing requirement.

Dans l'industrie la réduction de la consommation d'énergie des équipements et processus est de plus en plus prise en compte. Dans les applications de récupération d'énergie de l'air extrait des locaux chauffés des solutions techniques à hauts rendements d'échanges thermiques existent mais elle sont complexes, coûteuses et encombrantes et les solutions techniques économiques, notamment celles des échangeurs à plaques à flux croisés ont des rendements d'échanges thermiques opérationnels inférieurs à 60% . Dans l'industrie les solutions complexes à haut rendement sont souvent retenues, les performances attendues étant prioritaires sur les coûts. Les recherches d'échangeurs thermiques à très grand rendement d'échange 20 thermique, compacts et économiques sont une préoccupation forte. In the industry the reduction of energy consumption of equipment and processes is increasingly taken into account. In the energy recovery applications of the air extracted from the heated premises technical solutions with high heat exchange efficiency exist but they are complex, expensive and cumbersome and economic technical solutions, in particular those of cross-flow plate heat exchangers have operational heat exchange efficiencies of less than 60%. In the industry, complex, high-performance solutions are often retained, the expected performances having priority over costs. The search for heat exchangers with a very high thermal exchange efficiency, compact and economical is a strong concern.

DESCRIPTION DE L'INVENTION L'invention permet la réalisation économique d'échangeurs thermiques à très haut rendements d'échange thermique, monoblocs, composés d'un empilement de plusieurs échangeurs thermiques à flux croisés fonctionnant en série destiné à la récupération 25 d'énergie de l'air extrait des locaux chauffés et plus généralement à l'échange de chaleur entre 2 fluides. L'invention est une structure d'échangeur thermique monobloc à très haut rendement constituée d'un empilement d'échangeurs à flux croisés et dans laquelle les fluides sont dirigés parallèlement à l'axe d'empilement afin de permettre l'alimentation en 30 série de ces échangeurs et par conséquence de bénéficier du cumul des échanges thermiques de chacun des échangeurs à flux croisés Le guidage des flux soit est réalisé en périphérie des échangeurs par des panneaux latéraux dans lesquels sont aménagés des chambres pour guider les alimentations comme présenté dans la Fig.2 soit par des ouvertures aménagées à l'intérieur des plaques 35 d'échanges comme présenté dans les Fig.3 à Fig.6 Dans l'empilement chaque échangeur à flux croisés peut avoir ses propres caractéristiques de fabrication et/ou de performances. L'invention par son principe de construction permet d'insérer entre chaque échangeur des fonctions complémentaires telles que des assècheurs d'air présentés en fig.6. 40 Les débits d'air d'un habitat individuel sont compatibles avec des assècheurs passifs à membranes, pour des débit beaucoup plus importants des assècheurs par réfrigération pourront être choisis. L'invention permet une construction économique où l'alimentation radiale des plaques est réalisée par des ouvertures ménagées dans les plaques d'échanges thermiques 45 comme présenté dans les Fig3 à Fig.6 DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The invention allows the economical realization of heat exchangers with very high heat exchange efficiency, monoblocks, composed of a stack of several heat exchangers cross flow operating in series for the recovery of energy. air extracted from the heated premises and more generally to the exchange of heat between two fluids. The invention is a monobloc heat exchanger structure with a very high efficiency consisting of a stack of cross-flow exchangers and in which the fluids are directed parallel to the stack axis in order to allow the supply in series. these heat exchangers and consequently to benefit from the accumulation of heat exchange of each of the cross-flow heat exchangers The flow guidance is performed at the periphery of the exchangers by side panels in which are arranged chambers for guiding the power supplies as shown in FIG. .2 either through openings provided inside the exchange plates 35 as shown in Fig.3 to Fig.6. In the stack each cross-flow exchanger may have its own manufacturing and / or performance characteristics. The invention by its construction principle allows to insert between each exchanger complementary functions such as air dryers shown in fig.6. 40 The airflows of an individual habitat are compatible with passive membrane dryers, so much more flow of refrigeration dryers can be chosen. The invention allows an economical construction where the radial supply of the plates is achieved by openings in the heat exchange plates 45 as shown in FIGS.

Dans les applications de récupération d'énergie des locaux chauffés et en présence d'air neuf très froid les échangeurs thermiques à flux croisés sont sensibles à l'obstruction 2955384 -2- In energy recovery applications of heated rooms and in the presence of very cold fresh air, cross-flow heat exchangers are sensitive to obstruction 2955384 -2-

des alvéoles des plaques d'échanges thermiques par givrage de l'humidité du flux d'air extrait des locaux chauffés. L'invention permet d'adjoindre un étage de préchauffage passif de l'air neuf froid sans composant électrique comme présenté en Fig.3_3 Les exemples d'applications présentés dans les dessins montrent des empilements 5 mettant en série de 4 échangeurs à flux croisés, dans la pratique d'autres empilements sont possibles dépendant des rendement unitaires de chaque échangeur et du rendement total désiré. L'invention par son assemblage monobloc permet de se soustraire à la mise en oeuvre du volumineux caisson obligatoire dans les échangeur thermiques classiques et 10 permet son implantation dans des locaux exigus. La Fig.1 montre la solution classique d'échangeur thermique à flux croisés Les applications présentées dans les Fig.2 à Fig.4 concernent la récupération d'énergie dans les flux d'airs chauds extraits pour ventilation de locaux chauffés. La Fig.5 montre l'application de l'invention à l'échange thermique entre 2 liquides 15 La fig.6 montre le montage d'assècheurs d'air passifs à membranes entre les différents échangeurs thermiques. Pour ne pas surcharger les dessins l'évacuation des condensats effectuée de façon classique n'est pas montrée dans les dessins. cells of the heat exchange plates by icing the moisture of the air flow extracted from the heated premises. The invention makes it possible to add a passive preheating stage of the fresh cold air without an electrical component as shown in FIG. 3. The examples of applications presented in the drawings show stacks 5 putting in series 4 cross-flow exchangers, in practice other stacks are possible depending on the unit efficiency of each exchanger and the desired total yield. The invention by its monobloc assembly allows to evade the implementation of the bulky box mandatory in the conventional heat exchanger and 10 allows its implementation in tight spaces. Fig.1 shows the conventional solution of cross-flow heat exchanger The applications presented in Fig.2 to Fig.4 relate to the recovery of energy in hot air streams extracted for ventilation of heated premises. FIG. 5 shows the application of the invention to the heat exchange between two liquids. FIG. 6 shows the mounting of passive air dryers with membranes between the different heat exchangers. In order not to overload the drawings, the drainage of the condensates carried out in a conventional manner is not shown in the drawings.

LES DESSINS. THE DRAWINGS.

Description de la fig.l: La Fig1 est destinée à montrer le fonctionnement d'un échangeur thermique classique à plaques à simple flux croisés. Le flux d'air vicié chaud (Il a) extrait des locaux chauffés traverse l'échangeur thermique à plaques empilées(10) pour céder sa chaleur au flux d'air neuf froid (12a) et sort 25 en flux d'air refroidi (1l b). Le flux d'air neuf froid (12a) traverse l'échangeur thermique (10a) pour prendre la chaleur du flux d'air vicié chaud (11 a) et sort en flux d'air neuf réchauffé (12b). Le rendement d'échange thermique opérationnel de ce type d'échangeur dans lesquels les 2 flux ne se croisent qu'une seul fois est de l'ordre de 50à 60%. Description of FIG. 1: FIG. 1 is intended to show the operation of a conventional single cross-flow plate heat exchanger. The hot exhaust air stream (IIa) from the heated premises passes through the stacked plate heat exchanger (10) to yield its heat to the cold fresh air stream (12a) and exits into a cooled air stream ( 11 (b). The cold fresh air flow (12a) passes through the heat exchanger (10a) to take the heat from the hot exhaust air stream (11a) and exits in a warmed new air flow (12b). The operational heat exchange efficiency of this type of exchanger in which the two flows cross only once is of the order of 50 to 60%.

30 Description de la fig.2 La fig.2 montre les principes de l'invention et un exemple de réalisation d'échangeur thermique monobloc à 4 échangeurs à croisement de flux. Pour garder de la clarté dans les dessins, les flux sont repartis en parallèle sur 3 plaques d'échanges thermiques; dans la pratique les plaques mise en parallèle sont 35 beaucoup plus nombreuses afin d'obtenir une surface d'échange thermique correcte et limiter les pertes de charges des flux d'air; les profondeurs des chambres de renvois de flux dans les panneaux (26) et (27) sont présentées plus profondes qu'en réalité Le flux d'air vicié chaud (23a) est guidé vers les plaques de l'échangeur thermique(20b) par les panneaux latéraux (26) et (27) pour y céder sa chaleur au flux d'air 40 neuf froid (24a). Les panneaux (26) et (27) comportent des chambres permettant le renvoi des flux d'air (25) dans l'échangeur (20b). Les panneaux (26) et (27) sont présentés en coupe (26a) et (27a) sur l'ensemble échangeur. Les flux (23a) et (24a) se croisent 4 fois. Pour un rendement d'échange thermique 45 unitaire de chaque échangeur à flux croisés de 60% le rendement total est de 97%. 2955384 -3- DESCRIPTION OF FIG. 2 FIG. 2 shows the principles of the invention and an exemplary embodiment of a monobloc heat exchanger with 4 crossover heat exchangers. To keep clarity in the drawings, the flows are distributed in parallel on 3 heat exchange plates; in practice, the plates in parallel are much more numerous in order to obtain a correct heat exchange surface and to limit the losses of charges of the air flows; the depths of the flow return chambers in the panels (26) and (27) are presented deeper than in reality The hot exhaust air flow (23a) is guided towards the plates of the heat exchanger (20b) by the side panels (26) and (27) to give it heat to the fresh air flow 40 (24a). The panels (26) and (27) comprise chambers allowing the return of the air streams (25) in the exchanger (20b). The panels (26) and (27) are shown in section (26a) and (27a) on the exchanger assembly. The flows (23a) and (24a) intersect 4 times. For a unit heat exchange efficiency of each 60% cross-flow exchanger the total efficiency is 97%. 2955384 -3-

L'ensemble étant monobloc, il n'y a pas de perte de chaleur entre chaque échangeur à flux croisés. La distribution radiale des alimentations d'air offre un ensemble échangeur thermique multiflux croisés très compact autorisant sont installation dans des locaux exigus. The assembly being monobloc, there is no heat loss between each cross-flow heat exchanger. The radial distribution of the air supply offers a very compact multi-stream heat exchanger assembly allowing installation in tight spaces.

5 Description de la fig.3_1, fig.3_2: 5 Description of fig.3_1, fig.3_2:

Les fig3_1, 3_2 et 3_3 présentent des réalisations faites à partir de plaques standard alvéolaires en pvc extrudé ayant des alvéoles de 3x3mm de section de passage fréquemment utilisés dans les échangeurs thermiques d'entrée de gamme, lesquels ne dépassent des rendement de 50% que dans des conditions d'utilisations extrêmement 10 limitées. Faciles à mettre en oeuvre, le rendement d'échange thermique des plaques alvéolaires est dégradé par la difficulté d'assurer le contact total entre 2 plaques adjacentes. Pour garder de la clarté dans les dessins, les flux sont repartis en parallèle sur 3 plaques d'échanges thermiques; dans la pratique les plaques mise en parallèle sont beaucoup plus nombreuses afin d'obtenir une surface d'échange thermique correcte et 15 limiter les pertes de charges des flux d'air. Les échangeurs présentés dans les figures sont réalisés à partir de matériaux en pvc destinés à l'habitat individuel, pour des applications en habitat collectif ou des application aux bâtiments agricoles les composants sont réalisables avec d'autres matériaux, par exemple à partir d'alliage d'aluminium. 20 La mise en oeuvre de l'invention permet d'obtenir des rendement élevés par la mise en série de plusieurs échangeurs à flux croisés. A partir d'un rendement unitaire de 50% la mise en série de 4 échangeurs permet d'atteindre 93% de rendement total. L'ensemble (37) présenté en fig 3_1 est un assemblage de plaques d'échange thermique (41) et de plaques d'interface (32) et constitue un empilement de 4 échangeurs à flux croisés. La coupe (37a) ainsi que la présentation éclatée de la fig.3_2 montrent l'arrangement des plaques (31) et (32). Les plaques d'échange thermique (31) comportent 2 ouvertures (31 a) permettant au fluide de circuler dans les alvéoles et d'échanger la chaleur avec les plaques d'échanges thermiques adjacentes. Figures 3_1, 3_2 and 3_3 show embodiments made from standard extruded pvc honeycomb plates having cavities of 3x3mm cross-section frequently used in entry-level heat exchangers, which exceed 50% efficiency only in extremely limited conditions of use. Easy to implement, the heat exchange efficiency of the honeycomb plates is degraded by the difficulty of ensuring the total contact between two adjacent plates. To keep clarity in the drawings, the flows are distributed in parallel on 3 heat exchange plates; in practice, the plates in parallel are much more numerous in order to obtain a correct heat exchange surface and to limit the pressure drops of the air flows. The exchangers shown in the figures are made from pvc materials intended for the individual housing, for applications in collective housing or applications to agricultural buildings the components are achievable with other materials, for example from alloy aluminum. The implementation of the invention makes it possible to obtain high efficiency by putting in series several cross-flow exchangers. From a unit yield of 50% the series setting of 4 heat exchangers makes it possible to reach 93% of total yield. The assembly (37) presented in FIG. 3_1 is an assembly of heat exchange plates (41) and interface plates (32) and constitutes a stack of 4 cross-flow exchangers. The section (37a) as well as the exploded view of Fig.3_2 show the arrangement of the plates (31) and (32). The heat exchange plates (31) have two openings (31 a) allowing the fluid to circulate in the cells and exchange the heat with the adjacent heat exchange plates.

Les plaques d'échange thermique (31) comportent 2 ouvertures (31b) permettant au fluide des plaques adjacentes de traverser la dite plaque (31). Les alvéoles, en extrémité des plaques (31) sont obturées par soit des bouchons, du mastic silicone ou du ruban adhésif. Les plaques d'interface (32) comportent 2 ouvertures (32a) permettant aux 2 fluides 35 de passer entre 2 échangeurs thermiques. Les plaques d'adaptation (33) servent à passer les fluides entre les plaques de connexion ((34) et l'échangeur thermique (37). The heat exchange plates (31) comprise two openings (31b) allowing the fluid of the adjacent plates to pass through said plate (31). The cells at the end of the plates (31) are closed by plugs, silicone sealant or adhesive tape. The interface plates (32) comprise two openings (32a) allowing the two fluids 35 to pass between two heat exchangers. The adapter plates (33) serve to pass the fluids between the connection plates (34) and the heat exchanger (37).

Description de la fig.3_3: Pour la clarté du dessin, un nombre de plaques d'échange thermique limité est mis 40 en oeuvre, dans la pratique le nombre de plaques d'échange thermique mises en parallèle dépendra des conditions d'applications. La vue en éclaté et la vue en coupe (39a) montre l'arrangement des différents composants. L'ensemble (39) est destiné au préchauffage de l'air neuf froid en évitant les risques 45 d'obturation du circuit de l'air chaud et humide extrait des locaux chauffés. 2955384 -4- Description of Fig.3_3: For clarity of the drawing, a limited number of heat exchange plates is implemented, in practice the number of heat exchange plates in parallel will depend on the application conditions. The exploded view and the sectional view (39a) show the arrangement of the various components. The assembly (39) is intended for preheating fresh cold air avoiding the risk of blocking the circuit of the hot and humid air extracted from the heated premises. 2955384 -4-

L'ensemble (39) est constitué de 2 échangeurs thermique à flux croisés dans lesquels l'arrangement des plaques permet d'empêcher l'obstruction des alvéoles par givrage de l'air chaud et humide. L'air chaud et humide circulant dans la plaque (38b) bénéficie de la chaleur de l'air 5 chaud circulant dans la plaque (38c) pour résister au givrage en présence d'air neuf très froid circulant dans la plaque (38a). En cas d'obstruction éventuelle de la plaque (38b) par le givre le débit d'air chaud dans la plaque (38c) va alors augmenter fortement et aura une capacité plus élevée de réchauffage de la plaque (38b). The assembly (39) consists of two cross-flow heat exchangers in which the arrangement of the plates prevents the obstruction of the cells by icing the hot and humid air. The hot and humid air circulating in the plate (38b) benefits from the heat of the hot air circulating in the plate (38c) to resist icing in the presence of very cold fresh air circulating in the plate (38a). In case of possible obstruction of the plate (38b) by the frost the hot air flow in the plate (38c) will then increase sharply and have a higher capacity for heating the plate (38b).

Description de la fig.4 10 La solution de réalisation présentée en fig.4 permet de s'affranchir des problèmes de qualité de contact entre les plaques alvéolaires exposées dans la description des fig 3_1, 3_2 et 3_3.. La présence d'une seule épaisseur de pvc sans défaut de contact entre 2 plaques permet de gagner de l'ordre de 15% sur le coefficient global d'échange thermique. Les plaques d'échange thermique (41) sont constituées d'une feuille en pvc (24) de 15 faible épaisseur (0,2 à 0,4 mm) et d'un cadre (43) découpé dans du panneau standard en polystyrène extrudé de 3mm d'épaisseur. La vue en éclaté montre les plaques (41) empilées chacune décalée d'un quart de tour par rapport à la précédente et les plaques d'interface (44) assurant le guidage des flux entre chaque échangeur. 20 Les plaques d'échange (41) peuvent remplacer avantageusement les plaques alvéolaires (31) en PVC extrudé alvéolaire dans les solutions de réalisation des fig.3_1, fig.3_2 et fig.3_3 Description of FIG. 10 The production solution presented in FIG. 4 makes it possible to overcome the problems of quality of contact between the honeycomb plates exposed in the description of FIGS. 3_1, 3_2 and 3_3. The presence of a single thickness of pvc without contact defect between 2 plates makes it possible to gain of the order of 15% on the global coefficient of heat exchange. The heat exchange plates (41) consist of a thin pvc sheet (24) (0.2 to 0.4 mm) and a frame (43) cut from standard extruded polystyrene board. 3mm thick. The exploded view shows the plates (41) stacked each offset by a quarter turn relative to the previous one and the interface plates (44) guiding the flow between each exchanger. The exchange plates (41) can advantageously replace the honeycomb extruded PVC honeycomb plates (31) in the production solutions of FIGS. 3-1, FIG. 3 and FIG.

Description de la fig.5 La fig 5 montre un exemple d'ensemble destiné à l'échange thermique entre 2 25 liquides (55a) et (56a). L'ensemble (50) est composé de cadres (51) ), de plaques (52) d'échanges thermiques, de platines (54) d'extrémités. Chaque cadre (51) comporte un passage (51 a) permettant le passage du liquide entre les 2 cadres adjacents et une chambre (51b) permettant la circulation du liquide pour 30 permettre l'échange thermique sur les plaques (52) Chaque plaque (52) comporte une ouverture (52a) qui s'aligne sur les passages (5la). L'ouverture (52b) permet l'alimentation de la chambre (5lb). Les platines d'extrémité (54) sont destinées à maintenir les cadres et plaques ensemble et à connecter les canalisations externes. Les 4 orifices périphériques présents sur 35 toutes les plaques servent aux passages des boulons d'assemblage de l'ensemble. Description of Fig. 5 shows an example of an assembly for heat exchange between liquids (55a) and (56a). The assembly (50) is composed of frames (51), heat exchange plates (52), end plates (54). Each frame (51) has a passage (51a) allowing the passage of liquid between the two adjacent frames and a chamber (51b) allowing the circulation of the liquid to allow the heat exchange on the plates (52). Each plate (52) ) has an opening (52a) which aligns with the passages (5la). The opening (52b) allows the supply of the chamber (5lb). The end plates (54) are intended to hold the frames and plates together and connect the external pipes. The four peripheral orifices on all the plates serve to pass the assembly bolts of the assembly.

Description de la fig.6 La fig.6 montre un échangeur thermique constitué de 4 échangeurs à flux croisés entre lesquels sont insérés 3 assècheurs d'air à membranes. Le montage présenté dans cette figure est destiné à assécher l'air chaud et humide 40 extrait des locaux en complément du montage présenté en fig.3_3. L' assècheur (60) est constitué d'un cadre (60a) dans lequel l'ouverture (60c) permet le passage de l'autre flux d'air entre les 2 échangeurs (61) adjacents et de membranes permettant la précipitation de la vapeur d'eau contenue dans l'air humide. Pour la clarté du dessin seules 4 membranes ont été représentées. Deux plaques d'interface (62) sont 45 montées de chaque coté du cadre (60a). 2955384 -5- Description of Fig.6 Fig.6 shows a heat exchanger consisting of 4 cross-flow heat exchangers between which are inserted 3 membrane air dryers. The assembly presented in this figure is intended to dry the hot and humid air 40 extracted premises in addition to the assembly shown in fig.3_3. The dryer (60) consists of a frame (60a) in which the opening (60c) allows the passage of the other air flow between the two adjacent exchangers (61) and membranes allowing the precipitation of the water vapor contained in the moist air. For the sake of clarity, only 4 membranes have been shown. Two interface plates (62) are mounted on each side of the frame (60a). 2955384 -5-

Entre 2 échangeurs thermiques à flux croisés le flux d'air chaud et humide (63) traverse les membranes des assècheurs pour précipiter tout ou partie de la vapeur d'eau qu'il contient et ainsi réduit fortement les risques de givrage des échangeurs thermiques suivants en présence d'un flux d'air neuf (64) très froid. 5 Le montage d'assècheurs d'air en combinaison avec le montage présenté en fig.3,3 permet de supprimer la solution de préchauffage électrique (typiquement 1kW pour une habitation individuelle) de l'air neuf froid (64). Les assècheurs d'air passifs à membranes peuvent aussi être utilisés pour diminuer l'hygrométrie de l'air neuf en cas d'installation dans des condition de forte hygrométrie 10 environnante. Between two cross-flow heat exchangers the flow of hot and humid air (63) passes through the membranes of the dryers to precipitate all or part of the water vapor that it contains and thus greatly reduces the risk of icing of the following heat exchangers in the presence of a fresh air flow (64) very cold. The assembly of air dryers in combination with the assembly shown in FIG. 3, makes it possible to eliminate the electric preheating solution (typically 1 kW for an individual dwelling) from fresh cold air (64). Passive air dryers membranes can also be used to reduce the hygrometry of fresh air in case of installation in conditions of high relative humidity.

Claims (1)

REVENDICATIONS1. Revendication 1 : Structure d'échangeur thermique à REVENDICATIONS1. Revendication 1 : Structure d'échangeur thermique à plaques caractérisée en ce qu'elle est composée d'un empilement de plusieurs échangeurs thermiques à flux croisés formant un ensemble monobloc et dans laquelle les flux d'alimentation sont dirigés dans un axe parallèle à l'axe d'empilement afin de pouvoir alimenter en série les différents échangeurs thermiques à flux croisés. Revendication 2: Structure selon la revendication 1 dans laquelle les panneaux latéraux comportent les chambres permettant de diriger les alimentations des différents échangeurs à flux croisés. Revendication 3: Structure selon la revendication 1 dans laquelle des ouvertures sont aménagées dans les plaques d'échanges thermiques permettant de diriger les alimentations des différents échangeurs à flux croisés. Revendication 4: Structure selon la revendication 1 dans laquelle les plaques d'échange thermique sont constituées d'assemblages de plaques et de cadres dans lesquels sont aménagés le passage des fluides d'alimentations des différents échangeurs à flux croisés Revendication 5: Structure selon la revendication 1 dans laquelle des fonctions complémentaires tels que des assècheurs d'air sont installés entre les différents échangeurs thermiques. Revendication 6: Structure selon la revendication 1 dans laquelle le rendement d'échange thermique d'un échangeur à flux croisé est réduit par le regroupement pour chacun des 2 fluides de plusieurs plaques d'échange thermique afin de préchauffer l'air neuf froid en évitant les risques d'obturation, dans l'échangeur thermique, du circuit de l'air chaud et humide extrait des locaux chauffés.25 REVENDICATIONS1. Claim 1: Heat exchanger structure to CLAIMS1. Claim 1: Plate heat exchanger structure characterized in that it is composed of a stack of a plurality of cross-flow heat exchangers forming a one-piece assembly and wherein the feed streams are directed in an axis parallel to the stacking axis in order to be able to supply in series the different cross-flow heat exchangers. Claim 2: Structure according to claim 1 wherein the side panels comprise the chambers for directing the feeds of the different cross-flow exchangers. Claim 3: Structure according to claim 1 wherein openings are provided in the heat exchange plates for directing the feeds of the different cross-flow exchangers. Claim 4: Structure according to Claim 1, in which the heat exchange plates consist of assemblies of plates and frames in which are arranged the passage of the feed fluids of the different cross-flow exchangers. Claim 5: Structure according to Claim 1 1 in which additional functions such as air dryers are installed between the different heat exchangers. Claim 6: The structure of Claim 1 wherein the heat exchange efficiency of a cross-flow heat exchanger is reduced by grouping for each of the two fluids of a plurality of heat exchange plates to preheat fresh cold air by avoiding the risk of clogging, in the heat exchanger, of the hot and humid air circuit extracted from the heated premises.
FR1000228A 2010-01-21 2010-01-21 Heat exchanger structure for use on e.g. agricultural building, has heat exchangers forming cast solid unit, where flow is directed to solid unit in axis parallel with axis of stacking to supply flow to stacking of heat exchanger Pending FR2955384A1 (en)

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GB2562674A (en) * 2013-02-08 2018-11-21 Polypipe Ltd Mechanical ventilation and heat recovery unit and system
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US4244422A (en) * 1975-11-18 1981-01-13 Aktiebolaget Carl Munters Method and device for defrosting heat exchanger without impairment of its heat exchange efficiency
GB2000268A (en) * 1977-06-09 1979-01-04 Ass Eng Ltd Improvements in or relating to heat exchangers
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GB2513093A (en) * 2013-02-08 2014-10-22 Polypipe Ltd Mechanical ventilation and heat recovery unit and system
GB2513093B (en) * 2013-02-08 2018-10-17 Polypipe Ltd Mechanical ventilation and heat recovery unit and system
GB2562674A (en) * 2013-02-08 2018-11-21 Polypipe Ltd Mechanical ventilation and heat recovery unit and system
GB2562674B (en) * 2013-02-08 2019-03-06 Polypipe Ltd Mechanical ventilation and heat recovery unit and system
US11988460B2 (en) * 2017-05-30 2024-05-21 Shell Usa, Inc. Method of using an indirect heat exchanger and facility for processing liquefied natural gas comprising such heat exchanger

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