FR2928944A1 - METHOD FOR PRODUCING BUILDINGS FROM PREFABRICATED MODULES - Google Patents

Abstract

Method for producing buildings from prefabricated modules consisting of filtering forms each comprising at least two supporting structures (S1, S2), each having two walls situated in intersecting or parallel planes (P11, P12, P21, P22), comprising each of the fittings (111. 121, 211, 221, 112, 122, 212, 222) arranged in two intersecting or substantially orthogonal directions, these walls (P 11, P12, P21, P22) being maintained at the required spacing by means of spacers (31, 32), it being understood that the two supporting structures (S1, S2) are articulated to each other by a rotary connection comprising a fitting (111) of one of said parallel walls (P 11) of the first supporting structure (S1) and one of said spacers (3) of the second supporting structure (S2).

Description

The present invention relates to a method of making buildings from prefabricated modules.

This process applies in particular to the construction of buildings that meet the requirements of economic development and respect for the environment. 15 In fact, new housing needs, estimated only in France, are estimated, according to sources, at 1 million or even 3 million; they must, of course, meet sustainable environmental constraints, knowing that the specialized workforce is in sharp decline, that the cost of labor is increasing, that materials are becoming more expensive and that the purchasing power of housing applicants is decreasing.

In a general way, we know that the way of prefabrication makes it possible to reconcile these imperatives; nevertheless, in heavy prefabrication, the advantages are destroyed by the constraints of supply, assembly and implementation of prefabricated products on site.

Furthermore, the realization of cast concrete wall requires, before pouring concrete to define the volume in which the material will be poured using formwork walls; to ensure the tensile strength of the concrete, it is known to house concrete reinforcing bars which, assembled together, constitute a reinforcement. -1 2928944 -2 Although the technique of pouring concrete using shuttering is widely used, a few years ago the technique of lost filtering formwork appeared on the market; this technique has the advantage of allowing the evacuation of excess water from the concrete which ensures the mobility of the solid aggregates of the concrete during the mixing and the implementation in the formwork.

Thus, thanks to the filtering wall, the concrete contained in the formwork no longer behaves like a fluid creating a hydrostatic pressure, which is proportional to the height of concrete poured above the level considered and therefore, the forces developed by this concrete are much weaker. This technique therefore makes it possible to use lightweight forms that can be put in place without the need for a lifting device. By this filtering arrangement, the skeleton of the formwork, which must withstand the filling forces, is considerably reduced (in a ratio of 1/90, for example). It is therefore more interesting to recover this skeleton formwork, but on the contrary judicious to integrate it into the book. This skeleton can be constituted by a three-dimensional assembly made of standard high adhesion steels used in reinforced concrete technique. which will constitute the desired frame of the final work.

In the embodiments known to date, this filtering form is in the form of two walls: - obtained by assembling permeable panels retaining the aggregates and allowing the water to escape, the panels being, for example expanded metal, and , held by a supporting structure consisting of two parallel walls, each formed of fittings arranged in two substantially orthogonal directions, these walls being maintained at the required spacing by spacers. -3 Given the low mass of these filter forms, it is possible to associate them with the specific servitudes of the housing, namely, the technical ducts including plumbing, electricity, heating, as well as the insulating walls and the possible reinforcements.

Thus, said filter forms, equipped with their easements, can be made in the factory, then transported on site; as for the concrete, it will, of course, be poured on site. But as the technology does not require dismantling of formwork, the concrete may be of a slower setting than the concretes traditionally used.

Nevertheless, this pre-equipped filtering formwork technique requires the positioning and assembly of the various filter forms, in accordance with the desired structure, on the site; in a general way, one proceeds to the positioning of the formwork of the slab then to the assembly of the forms of the vertical walls; these on-site operations must be carried out with precision, especially in the case of collective buildings.

The invention more particularly aims to eliminate these disadvantages. For this purpose, it proposes a method of producing buildings involving bearing structures consisting of two walls, formed of brackets arranged in two substantially orthogonal directions, these walls being maintained at the required spacing by spacers; according to the invention, this method consists in associating at least two of said support structures by a rotary connection consisting of a fitting of one of said parallel walls of the first supporting structure and one of said spacers of the second supporting structure. Thus, this rotary link makes it possible to associate two supporting structures, which rotary connection can be reproduced as many times as necessary.

The invention particularly relates to a method of producing buildings from prefabricated modules consisting of filtering forms each comprising at least two supporting structures, each having two walls located in different planes and for example parallel, each comprising fittings arranged in two intersecting or substantially orthogonal directions, these walls being maintained at the spacing required by spacers, it being understood that the two supporting structures are articulated to one another by a rotary link comprising a fitting of one said parallel walls of the first supporting structure and one of said spacers of the second supporting structure.

Advantageously, the above-mentioned rotational link may make it possible to associate two supporting structures and thus one of the said supporting structures may be associated with a third bearing structure by a second rotary link; the axis of rotation of the second rotary connection may be parallel, orthogonal, or oblique with respect to the axis of rotation of the first rotary connection, depending on whether the second rotary connection is made from a fitting of the one of said parallel walls of the second supporting structure and one of said spacers of the third supporting structure; the fitting of one of said parallel walls of the second supporting structure may be parallel, orthogonal or oblique with respect to the axis of rotation of the first rotary connection.

Thus, the combination of several supporting structures by means of parallel and orthogonal rotary links may constitute a set of filtering forms, which filtering formwork will be equipped with the corresponding servitudes and will constitute prefabricated modules; these prefabricated modules will be assembled beforehand and then positioned face-to-face against the face for transport, then deployed in a pre-established sequence on site, to result in the constitution of the frame of an individual dwelling or a housing element collective; it will then suffice to fill the filtering forms of said prefabricated modules with concrete compatible with said filtering forms.

One embodiment of the method according to the invention will be described below, by way of nonlimiting example, with reference to the accompanying drawings in which: Figure 1 is a schematic representation of a carrier structure;

Figure 2 shows two planar bearing structures positioned at right angles;

Figure 3 shows two planar bearing structures, positioned at substantially an angle of 45 °;

Figure 4 shows two planar bearing structures positioned face-to-face;

Figure 5 is a schematic representation of a set of prefabricated modules assembled and positioned face to face; Figure 6 shows the set of prefabricated modules in the deployment position of the floor slab;

FIG. 7 shows the set of prefabricated modules in the slab position 30 (the deployed floor); FIG. 8 represents the set of prefabricated modules in the deployment position of the partitions; FIG. 9 represents the set of modules; prefabricated in position 5 for deploying the partitions; FIG. 10 shows the set of prefabricated modules in deployed position of the partitions; FIG. 11 shows the set of prefabricated modules in the deployed partition position; FIG. prefabricated modules during the filling of the formwork Fig. 13 is a schematic representation of a completed individual housing, and

Fig. 14 is a schematic representation of a completed collective housing.

In the example shown in FIG. 1, a carrier structure S consists of two parallel walls P1, P2; each of said walls P1, P2 is constituted by fittings arranged in two orthogonal directions, for example orthogonal, respectively 11, 12 and 21, 22; thus said brackets 11 and 21 are of parallel directions; it is the same of said brackets 12 and 22. The spacings separating the fittings 11 of the wall Pl are, in this example, constant and equal to the spacings separating the fittings 21 from the wall P2. The spacings separating the fittings 12 from the wall P 1 are in this example constant and equal to the spacings separating the fittings 22 from the wall P2.

A set of spacers 3, located in a secant plane and here orthogonal to the plane defined by said walls P1, P2, maintain the two walls P1, P2 at a defined spacing, these zig-zag shaped spacers, bypass the fittings 11 of the partition P1 and 21 of the wall P2, and so on: each of said spacers 3 is spaced apart by a spacing equivalent to the spacing of the fittings 12 and 22. More precisely, a first spacer 3 bypasses a fitting 11 of even order of the wall P1, then an odd-order fitting of the wall P2, and so on: the second spacer 3 bypasses a bracket 11 of odd order of the wall P1, then an even-order fitting of the wall P2, and so on: By this arrangement, the forces in the steels are no longer transmitted by a welded-type connection but by the total section of the zig-zag-shaped steels, which considerably increases the elasto range. - concrete plastic armed and leads to very clear improvements for the works subjected to accidental loads (earthquakes for example).

According to the example shown in FIG. 1, at the end of the carrier structure S, the fittings 12 of the wall P1 are folded at an exemplary angle of 180 ° in the direction of the fittings 22 of the wall P2 and at a spacing equivalent to distance separating the two walls Pl., P2; it is the same fittings 22 of the wall P2 which are thus bent at an angle, for example by 180 ° in the direction of the fittings 12 of the wall P1 and at a spacing equivalent to the distance separating the two walls P1, P2 . The sections orthogonal to the walls P 1, P 2 of said fittings 12, 22 are spaced apart from the end fittings 11, 21 respectively from the walls P 1, P 2 of a value substantially equivalent to that which separates the fittings 11 and 21. , and in accordance with the usual rules for the continuity of steels.

Thus, the carrier structure S constitutes an almost rigid assembly and has in the vicinity of one side which separates the two walls P1, P2, and perpendicular to the plane defined by the spacers 3, a rounded edge which will constitute the end associated with a rotary link defined below.

In the example shown in FIG. 2, a carrier structure S1 consists of two parallel walls P11, P21; each of said walls P11, P21, consists of fittings arranged in two orthogonal directions, respectively 111, 121 and 211, 221. A set of spacers 31, located in a plane substantially orthogonal to the plane defined by said walls P 11, P 21, maintain the two walls P 11, P21 according to a defined spacing; these spacers of zigzag shape, bypass the fittings 111 of the partition P 11 and 211 of the wall P21, and so on; each of said spacers 31 are spaced apart by a spacing equivalent to the spacing of the fittings 121 and 221.

Similarly, a carrier structure S2 consists of two substantially parallel walls P12, P22; each of said walls P12, P22 consists of brackets arranged in two substantially orthogonal directions, respectively 112, 122 and 212, 222. A set of spacers 32, located in a plane substantially orthogonal to the plane defined by said walls P12, P22 maintain the two walls P12, P22 according to a defined spacing, these zig-zag shaped spacers, bypass the fittings 112 of the partition P12 and then 212 of the wall P22, and so on: each of said spacers 32 are separated by one spacing equivalent to the spacing of the fittings 122 and 222. Each of said supporting structures S1, S2 comprises, in a small side, the bending of the fittings respectively 121 in the direction of the fittings 221 and vice versa, and fittings 122 in the direction fittings 222 and vice versa A rotary connection between said carrier structures S 1, S 2 is obtained by making the end fitting 111 of the wall PI1 of the SI carrier structure replaces the end fitting 112 of the wall P12 of the support structure S2. Thus, the two supporting structures S1, S2 are made integral with each other along an axis of rotation A corresponding to the axis of the aforesaid end fitting 111 of the wall Pl 1 of the supporting structure S1.

According to the example shown in FIG. 2, said carrier structures S1, S2 are arranged substantially orthogonally.

In the example shown in FIG. 3, a support structure S1, consisting of two parallel walls P11, P21, is associated with a support structure S2 consisting of two parallel walls P12, P22; the rotary link, associating the two bearing structures S1, S2, is represented by the axis A.

According to the example shown in Figure 3, said carrier structures S 1, S2, are positioned at substantially an angle of 4: 5 °; thus, the aforesaid walls P11, P21, respectively of the supporting structures S1, S2, are facing each other. In the example shown in FIG. 4, a carrier structure S1, consisting of two parallel walls, for example parallel walls P1, P21, is associated with a support structure S2, consisting of two parallel walls P12, P22; the rotary link, associating the two bearing structures S1, S2, is represented by the axis A. According to the example shown in FIG. 4, the said supporting structures S1, S2 are positioned facing each other. face; thus, the aforesaid walls P11, P21, respectively of the supporting structures S1, S2, are against each other. All of said carrier structures S1, S2 constitute a pair of carrier structures folded on themselves.

Of course, said supporting structures S1, S2, may include so-called servitude said second work, namely plumbing, electricity and heating; Moreover, said supporting structures S1, S2 may comprise: permeable panels retaining the aggregates and allowing the water to escape during the pouring of the concrete, the connection of which will be made by locking on the spacers 31, insulating walls the connection of which will be achieved by locking on the spacers 31, - reinforcement walls, ...

Similarly, the supporting structures may include openings, such as those intended later for doors and windows. These various elements, mentioned above, will be set up in the factory at each of the carrier structures, which carrier structures will then be made integral by at least one rotary link, as described above. Thus, the combination of supporting structures, as described above, equipped, as the case may be, with permeable panels, insulating walls, reinforcement walls, openings intended for the implantation of doors and windows, easements said second work, will be a set of prefabricated modules, reduced mass, dimensions compatible with the road gauge, and therefore transportable. It should be noted that these supporting structures, consisting essentially of metal fittings, are electromagnetic screens, and thus the combination of these said screens can induce a so-called Faraday cage effect. Thus, during the installation of these supporting structures, it will be necessary to connect them electrically to the ground.

In the example shown in Figure 5, a set of prefabricated modules is assembled and some positioned face to face; this assembly comprises: three prefabricated modules, M1, M2, M3, constituting the future slab of the housing, which are arranged in a U-shape, the module M2 forming the foot of the U, the modules M1, M3, forming the wings of the U two sets of modules MA, MB, placed in the space formed by the modules M1, M3, the set of modules MA resting against the module M1, the set of modules MB resting against the module M3.

By way of example, if we consider that the three modules M1, M2, M3 as well as the sets of modules MA, MB constitute the modules making it possible to construct a dwelling whose living space is estimated at 80 m2, the total mass is between 2 and 4 tonnes, or 25 to. 50 kg per m2, and the total volume is compatible with the road gauge, equivalent to the volume of a container.

In the example shown in FIG. 6, a set of prefabricated modules are in the deployment position of the floor slab; Thus, the module M2 being placed on the ground or on supports previously made, the module M1 as well as the set of modules MA on the one hand, the module M3 as well as the set of modules MB, are progressively deployed from part 30 and other of the M2 module; considering the masses previously estimated, the total mass of the modules M1 and all the modules MA, is estimated to be between 0.5 ton and 1.5 tons; it is the same for the total mass of the modules M3 and all the modules MB.

In the example shown in FIG. 7, a set of prefabricated modules 5 are in the deployed floor slab position. Thus, the modules MI, M2, M3 are placed on the ground, all the modules MA resting on the module M 1, set of MB modules based on the module M3.

In the example shown in Figure 8, a set of prefabricated modules 10 are in the deployed position of the formwork elements which constitute the facades or gables; thus, all the partition modules MA are arranged vertically, in the vicinity of the outer boundary edge of the slab module M1; likewise, all the modules of form elements which constitute the facades or pinions MB are arranged vertically, in the vicinity of the outer limit edge of the slab module M3; each of said sets of modules MA, MB may consist of subsets of modules; by way of example, the set of modules MB may consist of two subsets of modules, MB 1, MB 2; given the masses previously estimated, the individual mass of the 20 MB 1 module subassembly is estimated at 400 kg.

In the example shown in Figure 9, a set of prefabricated modules are in the deployed position of the formwork elements which constitute the facades or gables; thus, the set of partition modules MA is deployed; the subset of partition modules MB 1 is also deployed; it is the same for the subset of partition modules MB2; for example, the individual masses of the partition modules are between 50 kg and 150 kg.

In the example shown in FIG. 10, a set of prefabricated modules are in the deployed position of the form elements which constitute the facades or gables; thus, the set of partition modules MA is fully deployed; it is the same for the subset of modules of the formwork elements which constitute the facades or pinions MB2; the subset of partition modules MB 1 is partially deployed.

In the example shown in FIG. 11, a set of prefabricated modules are in the position of deployed partitions; the subset of partition modules MB2 is fully deployed; thus, the deployment operations being carried out, the pouring of the concrete is carried out in the three slab modules MI, M2, M3.

In the example shown in Figure 12, a set of prefabricated modules are being filled forms; the pouring of the concrete being carried out in the three slab modules M1, M2, M3, the partition modules are filled.

In the example shown in Figure 13, an individual housing according to the invention is completed, and In the example shown in Figure 14, a collective housing according to the invention is completed.

Thus, the operation of supporting structures, consisting of two parallel walls, each formed of brackets arranged in two orthogonal directions and maintained at the spacing required by spacers, which can be associated with each other by a rotary connection, makes it possible to form forms pre-equipped and pre-combined filters in the factory; the presence of rotational links between the different filter forms allows the folding of these for transport, and the deployment on site. 2928944 -14

Given the reduced masses of said filtering forms, and the possibility of folding, the transport of these is carried out under better conditions and their deployment on site is achieved without the intervention of powerful handling means. The modules thus formed meet the standards of durability thanks to reinforced concrete, and are resistant to accidental overloads and especially seismic thanks to the reinforcements and the ductility of the supporting structures.

10 They also meet environmental standards thanks to the presence of integrated insulation, the thermal inertia of the whole, the reduction of energy consumed by transport and the use of abundant resources. As for the potential diversity of the design forms by varying the distribution of the fittings 11 and 21 and / or that of the fittings 12 and 22, it is easy to give the sails S the desired single or double curvatures. This process is thus in compliance with aesthetic and environmental constraints.

They also respond to economic constraints; indeed, most of the structural work and the second work, are made in the factory according to industrial methods, and of course without constraints due to bad weather; on-site labor is therefore reduced.

Thus, the method according to the invention must be able to meet: the needs of new buildings, - the sustainable environmental constraints, knowing that the specialized workforce is in sharp decline, that the cost of labor is in increase, that materials are becoming more expensive and that the purchasing power of housing applicants is decreasing. 5

Claims (10)

1. Method for producing buildings from prefabricated modules consisting of filtering forms each comprising at least two supporting structures (S 1, S 2), each having two walls located in intersecting or parallel planes (P11, P12, P21, P22 ), each comprising fittings (111, 121, 211, 221, 112, 122, 212, 222) arranged in two intersecting or substantially orthogonal directions, these walls (P11, P12, P21, P22) being maintained at the required spacing by spacers (31, 32), characterized in that the two supporting structures (Si, S2) are articulated to each other by a rotary connection comprising a fitting (111) of one of said walls (P 11 ) of the first support structure (S 1) and one of said spacers (3) of the second support structure (S2). 2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the aforesaid carrier structure (S1, S2) further comprises: permeable panels retaining the aggregates and releasing the excess mobility water during the pouring of the concrete, and / or - insulating walls, and / or - reinforcing walls. 3. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the aforesaid carrier structure (SI, S2) further comprises servitudes said second work. 4. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the aforesaid carrier structure (S 1, S2) further comprises openings for doors and windows. 25-30-16 5. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the aforesaid carrier structure (Si, S2) comprises an electrical ground of said metal fittings (111, 121, 211, 221, 112, 122, 212, 222). 6. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the aforesaid prefabricated modules consist of filtering forms are assembled in the factory and positioned face to face for on-site transport. 7. A method according to claim 6, characterized in that the aforesaid prefabricated modules consist of factory-assembled filter casings and positioned face to face for transport, are then deployed on site. 15 8. Method according to claims 6 and 7, characterized in that the aforesaid prefabricated modules consist of filtering forms deployed on site, constitute the supporting structure forming part of the final work and therefore not disassembled, is filled with a mixture 20 at a time that can be slow. 9. Method according to the preceding claims, characterized in that the aforesaid prefabricated modules consisting of filtering forms deployed on site and filled with concrete, are intended for the building of 25 private homes and / or collective housing. 10