FR2908795A1 - Building structure constructing method for pile, involves mounting base structure on pile, carrying out precise positioning in space and integrating end of pile with supporting and sliding horizontal surface - Google Patents

Abstract

The method involves fixing a supporting and sliding horizontal surface (9) at a bottom of a foundation bolt hole (6) corresponded to a pile (1), and placing a relative altitude of the surface with respect to a pale reference altitude. A base structure is mounted on the pile, whose end is supported on the surface, and a precise positioning is carried out in a space. An angular geometry of the base structure is leveled and set, and the end of the pile is integrated with the horizontal surface.

Description

The present invention relates to a method of constructing a structure of

  building on stilts. It still relates to a building structure on stilts. The present invention is in the field of building, in particular construction with factory prefabrication. The invention more particularly relates to a method for rapid on-site assembly, capable of being implemented by reduced teams without particular professional knowledge in the field of the building, on the basis of illustrated instructions, without reading text, without calculations. , without taking measurements or measurements, without wasting components, and with lifting means reduced to a minimum. The invention aims to exploit, by the implementation of structures on stilts, land that is usually not retained for residential or professional use, because of the extra cost usually invoked because of their topography . Another object of the invention is to provide high-quality buildings at much lower cost than the market, thanks to the precise prefabrication in the factory, the implementation of processes and tools and components which guarantee both a high assembly accuracy, and especially a very short cycle of on-site assembly by a single team fulfilling it end-to-end, resulting in a significant drop in inventories and work in progress. trade and in craft products, and by a strong economy of manpower. In sum, the invention makes a significant contribution to decent housing programs for the greatest number of people, thanks to the combination of the low cost of exploited land, the low cost of construction, and the reduced construction cycle. It also contributes to the employment situation, by allowing untrained people to master, very quickly, through the use of simple methods, particular construction techniques, which give them the skills usually shared among several people. trades. In this regard, it will be noted that the succession, often disordered, on a construction site, bodies of 5 different trades, with different constraints, and specific requirements as to the completion status of work prior to their own intervention , generates additional costs, wastage, alterations, and delays. The habits of the building, particularly in the execution of the structural work, are assimilated to the successive approximations. The technicians of different branches: surveyors, formers, masons, carpenters, and others coexist on the same site, try to respect the same plan, clutter the site with their respective machines and tools.

Some work in reference to the work of others, irreversibly. So many theoretical ratings, both in terms of the topology of the field, and as regards the building itself, are they not respected. The practice of the trades is to raise ratings, and to make or make the necessary adjustments, especially on products arriving from the trade or factory. This undermines the respect of the work, as well as the efficiency of the edification process. The object of the invention is to overcome the drawbacks of the state of the art by proposing a method guaranteeing the respect of the positioning of a building on its site, the respect of the geometry of its supporting structure, a reduced cycle of building this structure, and a particularly low cost.

To this end, the invention relates to a method of erecting a building structure on piles, characterized in that: - is anchored, at the bottom of a foundation hole corresponding to each of said piles, a horizontal sliding surface and 35 support, designed capable of cooperating with a first end of said pile, 2908795 3 - the relative altitude of each sliding surface and bearing relative to a reference of single altitude, and is set to length according to the survey carried out the corresponding pile, and it is prepared for its subsequent assembly, 5 - a basic structure is mounted on said piles, each supported by its first end on its horizontal surface sliding and bearing respective - performs the precise positioning in the space, the leveling and the angular geometry of the said structure; the first end of each pile is secured, in particular by welding, with its surface; horizontal slip and respective support. According to another characteristic of the invention: pilings are assembled in pairs with a so-called transverse beam element so as to form a primary structures structure at their respective locations, and they are secured to each other by beams so-called longitudinal gauges prepared in the factory, so as to constitute a basic structure, - the leveling is carried out at altitude of said basic structure, it is positioned exactly with respect to said ground plane, and fixed in final position, in particular by welding two of the piles constituting it, 30 - one aligns the other piles of the same row on the two previous ones, and one fixes them in final position, in particular by welding, on their surfaces of sliding and support, - one carries out the setting in angular geometry of said basic structure, and then fixed in final position, in particular by welding, all the piles of said vertical-shaped primary structure, according to a corresponding free-contact, - the operation of U is repeated, which is raised in a substantially U-shaped upside down plane, with its elevated ends with other sliding and bearing surfaces 2908795 4 base on their respective sliding surfaces and support is carried consolidation of said piles in said foundation holes, which is carried out the completion, in particular by concreting, and filling.

The invention further relates to a building structure on pile characterized by the fact that it comprises, at each location piles, a horizontal sliding surface and bearing designed designed to cooperate with a first end of said pile.

Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will emerge from the following detailed description of the non-limiting embodiments of the invention, with reference to the appended figures in which: FIG. 1 is a schematic representation and in order to Above, the positioning of the pegs in the building method according to the invention, corresponding to the ground plane; - Figure 2 shows schematically, in plan view, the materialization of the foundation hole of each pile; FIG. 3 is a diagrammatic sectional view showing the implantation of a pile according to a first embodiment of the invention; - Figure 4 shows schematically and in section, the arrangement of sighting means and complementary means of 25 aimed at the determination of the altitude of each bottom excavation; - Figure 5 shows, schematically, partially, and in section, a pile according to the invention; FIG. 6 schematically and in perspective shows a transverse beam of a structure constructed according to the invention; - Figure 7 shows, schematically and partially, a longitudinal beam of a structure built according to the invention; FIG. 8 schematically shows in perspective a reinforcement assembly used in a second embodiment of the invention; - Figure 9 is a top view of said set of reinforcement; - Figure 10 shows schematically and in perspective, a transverse beam of a structure built according to the invention; - Figure 11 shows schematically and in perspective, a transverse beam of a structure built according to the invention, in a particular embodiment; - Figure 12 shows, schematically and in perspective, the lifting of a primary structure according to the invention; FIG. 13 schematically and in perspective shows the assembly of primary structures according to the invention with transverse beams to form a rectangular base structure cell; - Figure 14 shows schematically and in perspective, the assembly of several primary structures 20 together, and the resulting rectangular base structure before its setting geometry; FIG. 15 is a diagrammatic sectional view showing the arrangement of sighting means and complementary aiming means during the leveling at altitude of a rectangular base structure thus formed; - Figure 16 shows, schematically and in perspective, a shim according to the invention for leveling aloft said rectangular base structure; Figure 17 schematically shows in plan view the rectangular base structure of Figure 15 before lateral alignment; FIG. 18 schematically and in plan view, the rectangular base structure of FIG. 17 after lateral alignment; FIG. 19 schematically shows, in view of the above, the rectangular base structure of FIG. 18 after adjustment of its squareness; - Figure 20 shows, schematically and in section, in a similar manner to Figure 3, the implantation of a pile according to a second embodiment of the invention. The invention is in the field of building, especially construction with factory prefabrication. The invention relates more particularly to a method allowing rapid on-site assembly, which can be implemented by reduced teams without any particular professional knowledge in the field of the building, on the basis of illustrated instructions, without reading text, without calculations, without taking measurements or measurements, without wasting components, and with lifting means reduced to a minimum.

The invention aims to exploit, by the implementation of structures on stilts, land that is usually not retained for residential or professional use, because of the extra cost usually invoked because of their topography.

It is a matter of implanting, in accordance with a theoretical mass plan, the piles 1 of a building structure 2. The figures represent, for simplification purposes, the elevation of a building with a rectangular base structure. However, it will be understood from reading the present description that the method which is the subject of the invention can be used for any structural geometry. We begin by implementing a set of geometric references, as visible in Figure 1. It implements a first pole 5 of altitude tracking, and 30 defines its altitude reference with respect to geodesic landmarks. According to the ground plane, a first set of stakes 3 called reference axes 3A, 3B, 3C, 3D, embodying reference axes X, Y, are implemented.

These reference axes X and Y make an angle α between them. In a preferred application and as shown in the figures, this angle a is chosen to be equal to 90, in the case of an embodiment with a rectangular base structure 2A. With reference to these X and Y axes, a set of so-called piling stakes 4 each embodying the position of the corresponding pile 1 and calculated so that the X and Y axes are, as can be seen in FIG. externally tangent to some of the pilings 1 to implant. These piles 1 have at their lower part lA a sliding surface and support, perpendicular to the average axis 10 of the pile. They are in a preferred embodiment, consisting of solid or tubular sections weldable steel. They may also be made of other materials, such as concrete, wood, or other, and may be provided at their lower portion 1A with a sliding surface and reported bearing, in the case where the intrinsic sliding qualities of the material constituting the pile 1 are mediocre. In a preferred application, the reference axis stakes 3 are protected from machine traffic by means of protection such as concrete manholes or the like, which makes it possible to refer to it at any time. The outer contour 7A defined by these stakes 4 is materialized by means of visualization, in particular by the tension of a wire 7. The location of the foundation holes 6 relative to each of the pilings 1 is then indicated on the ground. It is known that initial tracings are usually destroyed during excavation, and that the remaining geometric landmarks are generally very approximate. To overcome this drawback, it has been imagined the use of a tracing tool 6B sharp-shaped, which is centered on both the stakes 4 and the outer contour 7A. The sharp shape defines on the one hand, an inner frame corresponding to the excavation to be made, and on the other hand contours extending outside the latter.

It is then possible to materialize on the ground, for example by spraying a permanent marker product such as paint or the like, a marker identifying the location concerned, and the images 8 of the inner frame, and 8A overflowing. 6B, as shown in Figure 2. Thus, this image 8A remains marked on the ground after excavation of the soil inside the frame 6, which is conducted until obtaining a good floor 6A, according to the usual evaluation criteria in the building industry. A sliding and support surface 9, designed to receive a pile 1 and a set 10 of reinforcement 10 and identified, is arranged on the bottom of the excavation. For the arrangement on the bottom of the excavation of a sliding and bearing surface 9, first pouring into the foundation hole 6 fastening means 14, such as a layer of mortar, of sufficient thickness to ensure its good attachment to this good ground 6A. These same attachment means 14 allow the anchoring of a sliding and bearing surface 9. This is preferably constituted by an attached assembly, and is centered in the foundation hole 6. The material constituting the surface of sliding and bearing 219 is chosen so as to allow the sliding, on this surface, of a first end 1A of the corresponding pile 1, the latter being presumed to be loaded by all or part of the basic structure 2 that is edifies. The choice of the pair of materials retained for the sliding surface and support 9 on the one hand, the pile 1 or at least its lower end 1A on the other hand, is determined by the best coefficient of sliding possible between them and by the possibility of permanently securing them by definitive fixing means such as welding, gluing, cementing or the like. In a preferred embodiment, this surface 9 is a weldable steel plate, or has one. This steel plate is provided with first anchoring means, such as bent corners for example C-shaped, or any other relief 35 or arrangement by cutting, bending, welding or attachment of the insert, or the like.

2908795 9 It is carefully arranged to adjust, before the complete setting of the attachment means 14, the perfect horizontality of the sliding surface and support 9 with the aid of leveling means, such as spirit level, or laser , Or other.

5 As can be seen in FIG. 4, the relative altitudes of the sliding and bearing surfaces 9 of each of the foundation holes 6 are then measured relative to the altitude reference 5. For this purpose, the station is stationed at the vicinity of the post 5 of the 10 sighting means such as a self-leveling horizontal laser transmitter 83, or an optical geodesic telescope, or the like. At this stake 5, a horizontal reference such as a nail or the like materializes a reference level of the building, as its floor.

The reference of a complementary aiming means such as a laser receiver 85 or an appropriate optical means, or the like, is then adjusted by means of a zero adjusting means 84 to the pole height reference. 5. This complementary aiming means is then transported at the level of each foundation hole 6, and a secondary measuring device such as a telescopic rule 86 secured to the complementary aiming means is measured by means of a secondary measuring means. height H between the sliding and bearing surface 9 of the hole 6 concerned and the elevation reference of the stake 5.

Thus, for each hole 6, there is a height H, which is reported on transcription means such as a table, or stored on a recording means. It is then possible to carry out, at the construction site or in the immediate vicinity, the length of each pile 1, which is numbered and cut to a length equal to the corresponding height H, increased or decreased. a constant value related to the offset between the level of the altitude reference 5 and the desired altitude for the second upper end 1B, opposite to the first lower end 1A, piles 1. As visible in Figure 5 this pile 1 is equipped with first junction means, which comprise in particular at least one junction plate 13, at this second upper end 1B opposite that 1A intended to come to the bottom of the excavation. In a particular embodiment, the pile 1, in the vicinity of the first lower end 1A, is equipped with second anchoring means, in particular having radial holes 17, 18 designed to receive sealing pins 46. particular embodiment as shown in Figure 5, different networks of radial, blind or through holes, 17, 17A, 18, are offset along the length of the pile 1 and substantially perpendicular to each other. The piles 1 are then ready to be incorporated in the structure 2. In a first step, they are assembled in pairs, with a so-called transverse beam element 20, so as to form a primary structure 40 in the shape of a U. on the ground plane two piles 1, situated symmetrically with respect to a median axis M of the building in the non-limiting example of FIG. 12. Each transverse beam 20 is set at the factory and set at right angles. It is equipped with second complementary connecting means, designed capable of cooperating with the first joining means of the piles 1. These second complementary connecting means are, as shown in Figure 6, constituted, in a preferred application, by holes 23 for receiving assembly means such as bolts, bolts or the like. These holes 23 are in particular drilled, at the two ends of the same face, using a jig tool 21 abutting on different faces, and provided with drilling guns 22.

This transverse beam 20 is then assembled with the two appropriate piles 1, depending on their number and their location on the ground plane, by making the first and second connecting means cooperate by means of said assembly means. and thus constitutes a primary structure 40.

As can be seen in FIG. 12, the first primary structure 40, 2908795 formed beforehand on the ground, is lifted in the direction A by means of lifting means 80 such as a construction machine, in on bearing means 81 such as a mass, by compensation means 82 such as a jack.

The primary structure 40 is constructed in a substantially vertical plane and has the shape of an inverted U. The first lower ends 1A of the piles 1 which constitute it are in correspondence with the corresponding sliding and supporting surfaces 9.

As can be seen in FIG. 3, a first embodiment does not comprise a reinforcement assembly at the bottom of the foundation hole 6. However, for a better stability of the building, a second embodiment visible on the FIGS. 20, 8 and 9 with a set of reinforcement 10, which is provided beforehand, at the bottom of each foundation hole 6. As can be seen in FIGS. 8 and 9, this assembly 10 is preferably constituted by welded reinforcements 11, and by armatures left free 12. The latter are spaced from the center of the set of reinforcement 10 to 20 allow the insertion of a pile 1 in the middle, and can be brought closer to this center after insertion. The compensation means 82 and support 81 allow the maintenance in position of the structure 40, until constitution of a truly self-supporting structure.

To constitute a basic structure 2A, the elevation operation is repeated with other primary structures 40, which are secured to each other by so-called longitudinal beams 30. For this purpose, as shown in FIG. 10, in a preferred embodiment but in no way limiting, the transverse beam 20 is equipped, on the one hand at its two symmetrical ends, with plates 24, abutting by a tongue 25 on one face of the beam, and enclosing it by two wings 26, these plates 24 being held, during their installation, by screws, then pierced at holes 27 in the wings 26 and 28 in the end face, forming drilling guns. It should be noted that, in a preferred application 2908795 12 in the context of a modular construction, and as shown in FIG. 11, the transverse beam 20, designed to serve as a support for other structural elements, such as a network of secondary beams, is adapted to receive, on one side if this beam is a butt beam, or on both sides if it is an intermediate beam, support means. These support means are preferably constituted by a comb 60. The latter is squared, set to length and pre-cut at the factory in the form of notches 62 at the appropriate pitch, in particular constant, and fastened by fastening means preferentially at the level of holes. 63. The face 64 of the beam 20 on the side of the notches is the upper face in the building, and the opposite face 63 the underside. The longitudinal beams 30, with which the transverse beams 20 of the primary structures 40 cooperate, are made to exact length and machined at their ends according to the appropriate junction angles in the factory. As can be seen in FIG. 7, these beams 30 are equipped with joining means constituted, in a preferred application, by holes 33 intended to receive assembly means such as bolts, bolts or the like. These holes 33 are in particular drilled, at the two ends of the same face, using a jig tool 31 abutting on different faces, and provided with drilling guns 32.

Their assembly with the primary structures 40 is carried out by means of said assembly means. As can be seen in FIG. 13, a basic structure 2A is thus formed, which is completed until it constitutes the complete framework of the building. As can be seen in FIG. 14, it is necessary to proceed with the leveling of the basic structure 2A at altitude and then with the positioning and geometry of the latter. As can be seen in FIG. 15, the leveling of the base structure 2A is carried out by placing, on the upper face 64 of the transverse beams 20, a complementary aiming means such as a laser receiver 85 or a medium 2908795 13 appropriate optics. In correspondence with sighting means such as a laser transmitter 83 or an optical geodesic telescope, the highest point is found among those of the basic structure 2A.

Then, having set the relative zero value corresponding to the highest point of the various piles 1 component of the basic structure 2A, using a means 84 for adjusting the zero of this complementary aiming means, one comes successively place a stepped wedge 44, as shown in Figure 16, 10 right of each of the piles 1, under the complementary aiming means, so as to find the relative zero. It is thus estimated by direct reading on the stepped wedge 44, the value which must be wedged the underside of the pile 1 to return its second upper end 1B in the alignment 15 of the highest pile 1 of the assembly. A wedge is thus introduced, in particular made of sheet steel, comprising two parallel faces, having for thickness this value, between the sliding and bearing surface 9 and the pile 1. The precise positioning of the base structure 2A by 20 to the ground plane is performed using positioning means in space, GPS or the like, with which the position of two piles 1, preferably the furthest apart from each other is determined according to one of the X or Y axes. They are then fixed definitively on their sliding and bearing surfaces 9, with the aid of suitable final fixing means, in particular by welding in the case of a preferred elaboration of steel. As can be seen in FIGS. 17 and 18, the other piles 1 of the same row are then aligned on the two preceding ones, with reference to an alignment means such as a wire 7 stretched between the two piles 1 thus pointed in position, by shifting to the ground of the lower portion 1A of each pile 1 against its sliding surface and support 9, which is then fixed in position by the final fixing means.

The angular geometry of the base structure 2A, as seen in FIG. 19, is then made using an angular adjustment means, preferably by means of at least one distance rod 45. by shifting the lower part 1A of each pile 1 against its sliding and bearing surface 9, on which it is then fixed in position by the final fixing means. In the case where the pile 1 is equipped with holes 17 or 18, sealing pins 46 are inserted therein. In the preferred embodiment using a set of reinforcement 10, the free reinforcement 12 is folded in the direct vicinity of the pile 11. so as to enclose the sealing pins 46, so as to allow the possible welding between them of these different elements or / and welded frames 11. Finally, in the hole 6, the casting of good concrete 15 on the thickness calculated for the construction, then the final filling of each foundation hole 6 Of course, the invention is not limited to the examples illustrated and described above which may have variants and modifications without departing from the scope of the invention.

Claims (6)

  1. A method for erecting structure (2) of building on piles (1), characterized in that: - is anchored, at the bottom of a foundation hole (6) corresponding to each of said piles (1), a horizontal sliding surface and support (9), designed capable of cooperating with a first end (1A) of said pile (1), - we note the relative altitude (H) of each sliding surface and support (9) ) with respect to a single reference altitude (5), and is set to length according to the survey performed the corresponding pile (1), and is prepared for its subsequent assembly, -on mounts a basic structure (2A) on said stilts (1), each supported by its first end (1A) on its horizontal sliding surface and bearing (9) respectively, - is carried out the precise positioning in space, leveling and setting angular geometry of said structure (2A), the first end (1A) of each pile is secured, in particular by welding, (1), with its respective horizontal sliding and bearing surface (9)   2. A building method, according to the preceding claim, of building structure (2), characterized by the fact that: - piles (1) are assembled in pairs with a so-called transverse beam element (20), to form a U-shaped primary structure (40), which is raised in a substantially vertical plane, in an inverted U-shaped arrangement, with its free ends (1A) in contact with the sliding and bearing surfaces (9), the elevation operation is repeated with other primary structures (40) at their respective locations, and secured to each other by so-called longitudinal beams (30) prepared at the factory, in order to constitute a basic structure (2A), the leveling of said base structure (2A) is carried out at altitude, it is positioned exactly with respect to said ground plane, and it is fixed in final position, in particular by welding, two piles (1) const ituant, 5 - one aligns the other piles (1) of the same row on the two preceding ones, and one fixes them in final position, in particular by welding, on their surfaces of sliding and support (9), one carries out the angular geometry of said base structure (2A) is then fixed, in particular by welding, all the piles (1) of said base structure (2A) on their sliding and bearing surfaces (9). ) - the consolidation of said piles (1) in said foundation holes (6), which is carried out the completion, in particular by concreting, and filling.   3. Method according to the preceding claim, characterized in that during the implantation of said primary structure (40) on the sliding and bearing surfaces (9) concerned, is inserted in said foundation hole (6). ) and around said pile (1), a set of reinforcement (10) in particular constituted, on the one hand, by welded reinforcements (11), and on the other hand by left-free frames (12), designed to be spaced apart from the center of said reinforcement assembly (10) for the insertion of said pile (1), and to be brought closer to said center after insertion, in particular to enclose sealing pins (46).   4. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, to carry out the length of each pile (1), it is cut to a length equal to said height (H) plus or minus a value constant related to the offset between the level of the altitude reference (5) and the desired altitude for a second end (1B), opposite said first end (1A), of the pile (1), it is referenced with reference to its location, and that teaming said pile (1) at said end (1B) with first junction means, including in particular at least one junction plate (13), designed to cooperate with second means of complementary junction equipping said transverse beam (20). 5   5. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that team said said pile (1), in the vicinity of said first end (1A), second anchoring means, in particular having radial holes (17, 18) adapted to receive sealing pins (46). 10   6. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it carries out the leveling aloft of said basic structure (2A) by seeking the highest point to the right of one of the pilings (1) constituting by determining the setting value necessary to align each pile (1) at this highest point, and by introducing a shim having two parallel faces, in particular of sheet steel, of corresponding thickness, between the sliding surface and bearing (9) and the pile (1) concerned. 20 7 Structure (2) of building on stilts (1) characterized in that it comprises, at each location of piles (1), a horizontal sliding and bearing surface (9), designed able to cooperate with a first end (1A) of said pile (1). 8 Structure (2) according to claim 7, characterized in that said horizontal sliding surface and bearing (9) is constituted by a weldable steel plate, and is provided with first anchoring means, such as curved corners, or any other relief or arrangement by cutting, bending, welding or attachment of an insert, or the like, for anchoring it in a foundation hole (6), and said lower portion (1A) of said pile (1 ) is weldable steel, said pile (1) being designed to be cut for its length, especially on the construction site. 9 Structure (2) according to one of claims 7 or 8, characterized in that it comprises at least one wedge welded steel, having two parallel faces, inserted between one of said horizontal surfaces and sliding (9 ) and the first end (1A) of the corresponding pile (1). 10 Structure (2) according to one of claims 7 to 9, characterized in that it comprises at least one transverse beam (20), and each pile (1) comprises, at its opposite end (1B) at said first end (1A), first junction means designed to cooperate with at least one such transverse beam (20), itself designed to cooperate with at least one longitudinal beam (30) that comprises said structure ( 2). 11. Structure according to claim 10, characterized in that said transverse beam (20) is equipped at its two symmetrical ends with third junction means, preferably consisting of plates (24), and is designed for receiving support means, in particular consisting of at least one comb (60), for receiving other structural elements such as a network of secondary beams.