EP3749810B1 - Foundation providing point bearing for a structure, and method for building such a foundation - Google Patents

Foundation providing point bearing for a structure, and method for building such a foundation Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3749810B1
EP3749810B1 EP19707443.8A EP19707443A EP3749810B1 EP 3749810 B1 EP3749810 B1 EP 3749810B1 EP 19707443 A EP19707443 A EP 19707443A EP 3749810 B1 EP3749810 B1 EP 3749810B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
excavation
foundation
planking
point bearing
ground
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EP19707443.8A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3749810A1 (en
Inventor
Laurent CHAIGNEAU
Christian TREBUCHET
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RTE Reseau de Transport dElectricite SA
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RTE Reseau de Transport dElectricite SA
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Publication of EP3749810A1 publication Critical patent/EP3749810A1/en
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D27/00—Foundations as substructures
    • E02D27/32—Foundations for special purposes
    • E02D27/42—Foundations for poles, masts or chimneys
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D27/00—Foundations as substructures
    • E02D27/01—Flat foundations
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D27/00—Foundations as substructures
    • E02D27/32—Foundations for special purposes
    • E02D27/50—Anchored foundations
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D27/00—Foundations as substructures
    • E02D27/10—Deep foundations

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a structural point bearing foundation, a foundation installation for a multi-point bearing structure and a method of constructing a structural point bearing foundation. It applies more specifically to the construction of foundations for heavy structures, such as pylons carrying high voltage power lines, liable to generate high tensile and compressive stresses.
  • Such a foundation, or foundation installation is a buried structure whose role is to anchor a superstructure in the ground comprising, in the case of the transmission of electricity by overhead line, various pylons supplemented by cables and all the corresponding equipment. .
  • This structure is in direct contact with the base ground of a ground and has the function of transmitting to it the weight and the various overloads applied to the structure, as defined in the article of D. Naud, entitled “Overhead lines: materials - Support foundations”, published in the book “Engineering techniques - Common problems of electrical networks: engineering”, pages D4425-1 to 6, February 10, 2004 .
  • foundations mainly concrete foundations and metal foundations associating a decking with a bearing assembly of the foot of the structure.
  • the use of concrete should be avoided or limited for any helicopter-borne intervention due to its weight.
  • decking foundation structures that can be pre-assembled in several elements before installation on site are more suitable.
  • Metal decking foundations are potentially much lighter than concrete ones, but also less resistant to tensile stresses transmitted by structures such as the aforementioned pylons.
  • Two aspects in particular must be taken into account for the construction of a new foundation: the geotechnical resistance, involving a study of the interaction between the foundation and the ground in which it is buried as well as an evaluation of the limit value of ground failure, and intrinsic strength, involving sufficient dimensioning of the foundation structure.
  • the lower resistance of a metal foundation must then be compensated by a large volume of the excavation, which affects the environmental impact.
  • the steps make it possible to mobilize by shear the undisturbed soil in place outside the volume of the excavation, to produce a force resistant to the tensile force transmitted to the foundation by the structure, which also allows a reduction significant to the size of the excavation.
  • Earthmoving operations are therefore limited and achievable using light, heli-winchable tools.
  • a footprint of the excavation of 1.80 m by 2.50 m is sufficient to take up tensile and compressive forces of approximately 800 kN, whereas under the same conditions this would be less resistant without the steps as arranged and fixed according to the present invention.
  • the steps sink laterally into the ground from the periphery of the decking to which they are fixed against the ends of transverse bars of the decking.
  • each step comprises a support and fixing plate against an end plate of one of the transverse bars, this support and fixing plate being integral with an elongated portion sinking laterally into floor.
  • a point support foundation for a structure according to the invention may comprise a coring template pierced with holes and bordering the periphery of the decking, each step extending through one of the holes of the coring template.
  • the point structure support support assembly comprises a lattice pyramidal pillar surmounted by a base intended to receive the point structure support.
  • the decking, the point support support assembly for the structure and the steps are made of metallic material.
  • a foundation installation is also proposed for a structure with several point supports, comprising a point structure support foundation according to the invention for each point support of the structure.
  • the step of arranging the plurality of steps comprises lateral coring of the ground at the bottom of the excavation to create a plurality of side holes and the arrangement of each step in one of the side holes.
  • a structure point support foundation is built in an excavation 10 dug in the ground 12.
  • the rectangular parallelepiped may have a depth P of 2.8 m, a width L1 of 1.80 m depending on the front view of the figure 1 and a length L2 of 2.50 m according to the profile view of the figure 2 .
  • a clean concrete slab 14 is optionally but advantageously cast and serves as a support and/or horizontal seal for the foundation.
  • the foundation itself comprises a decking 16, also arranged horizontally at the bottom of the excavation 10 on the slab 14 of clean concrete, extending laterally over the width L1 on the periphery towards at least one side wall 10A, 10B of the excavation 10
  • the decking 16 of the figure 1 comprises several transverse metal bars or beams with an "I" profile, arranged horizontally and parallel, at the ends of which are welded rectangular or square metal plates forming the periphery of the decking 16 and facing the side walls 10A, 10B.
  • a single transverse beam is visible in this front section: it bears the general reference 18 and extends laterally between a first metal plate 18A at the end close to and opposite the side wall 10A of the trench 10, and a second metal plate 18B near the end and facing the side wall 10B.
  • the decking 16 further comprises two longitudinal metal bars or beams 20 A , 20 B with an inverted "T" profile under which are fixed, for example by bolting (that is to say using a system of rigid fixing with screws and nuts), the transverse beams.
  • the first 20 A extends horizontally at the bottom of the excavation 10 parallel to the side wall 10A and in its vicinity
  • the second 20 B extends horizontally at the bottom of the excavation 10 parallel to the side wall 10B and in its vicinity.
  • the decking 16 can be placed and fixed on the slab 14 of clean concrete, or partially cast therein.
  • the clean concrete slab 14 is advantageously cast in at least two successive layers: a first layer on which the decking 16 is placed horizontally and fixed; then a second poured layer to partially bury the decking 16 and seal it definitively.
  • the foundation further comprises a point structure support support assembly fixed to the decking 16, more precisely by bolting to the longitudinal beams 20 A , 20 B and extending into the trench 10 from the bottom to the bottom. surface.
  • This support assembly is more specifically made up of a pyramidal lattice metal pillar 22 surmounted by a metal cap 24 itself carrying a metal base 26 intended to receive the point support of a structure such as a foot of pylon.
  • the foundation further comprises backfill material 28 filling the excavation 10 to the surface.
  • the foundation further comprises a plurality of steps each sinking laterally into the ground 12, from the periphery of the decking 16 to which they are fixed, beyond said at least one side wall of excavation 10.
  • the first step 30A is fixed against the plate 18A forming the first end of the transverse beam 18, for example by bolting, and sinks horizontally laterally into the ground 12 beyond the side wall 10A to a depth of several tens of centimeters, for example between 20 and 50 cm. It comprises a support plate 32A, fixed against the plate 18A, and an elongated portion 34A, for example a portion of bar or beam of the same profile as the transverse metal beam 18, or of similar profile, and welded to the plate. support 32A.
  • the second step 30B is fixed against the plate 18B forming the second end of the transverse beam 18, for example by bolting, and sinks horizontally laterally into the ground 12 beyond the side wall 10B to a depth several tens of centimeters, for example between 20 and 50 cm. It comprises a support plate 32B, fixed against the plate 18B, and an elongated portion 34B, for example a portion of bar or beam of the same profile as the metal beam 18, or of similar profile, and welded to the base plate. support 32B.
  • a pair of steps can thus be arranged and fixed to the two ends of each transverse metal beam so as to extend it laterally into the floor 12.
  • the arrangement of the steps can be done by lateral coring of the floor 12, inserting the steps into the side holes formed by coring, then sealing the steps in the side holes using a binder such as a cement slurry, mortar or concrete.
  • the figure 2 illustrates the structural point bearing foundation of the figure 1 in profile section.
  • the lattice structure of the pyramidal metal pillar 22 of the support assembly is visible.
  • the cap 24 and the base 26 can be inclined with respect to the vertical so as to optimally take up the forces taken up punctually on a structure when the latter is inclined. This is for example the case when the structure is a quadripod pylon carrying high voltage power lines and the foundation is intended to take up the stresses of one of the feet, inclined, of this pylon.
  • the transverse beams of the decking 16 are all visible, five in number and bear the references 18 1 , 18 2 , 18 3 , 18 4 and 18 5 .
  • the two longitudinal beams 20 A , 20 B is visible and bears the general reference 20.
  • the picture 3 illustrates in exploded perspective an example of metal production of elements of the foundation for the point support of the structure of the figures 1 and 2 .
  • the five transverse beams 18 1 , 18 2 , 18 3 , 18 4 , 18 5 and the two longitudinal beams 20 A , 20 B of the decking 16 are all visible, as well as a large part of the boltings which allow their fixation.
  • Five pairs of steps are also visible in the lateral extensions of the five transverse beams 18 1 , 18 2 , 18 3 , 18 4 , 18 5 .
  • Two steps 30A 1 , 30B 1 are intended to be fixed to the end plates of the transverse beam 18 1 .
  • Two steps 30A 2 , 30B 2 are intended to be fixed to the end plates of the transverse beam 18 2 .
  • Two steps 30A 3 , 30B 3 are intended to be fixed to the end plates of the transverse beam 18 3 .
  • Two steps 30A 4 , 30B 4 are intended to be fixed to the end plates of the transverse beam 18 4 .
  • Finally, two steps 30A 5 , 30B 5 are intended to be fixed to the end plates of the transverse beam 18 5 .
  • a first lower level 36 comprises metal chords bolted together in a trellis: four lower chords participating in the outer pyramidal structure, twice two truss chords and four horizontal chords in the upper part to form an intermediate plate.
  • a second upper level 38 comprises four other metal chords participating in the outer pyramidal structure and extending from the free ends of the four lower chords, and in their extension, towards the cap 24.
  • the four lower chords are fixed to the other four chords of the upper level 38 by bolting and via chord joints.
  • the cap 24 has a flared "U" section to fix the four ends of the chords which meet at the top of the pyramidal pillar 22, also by bolting.
  • connection plates and gussets are advantageously fixed to the lower ends of the lower chords of the lower level 36 and to the longitudinal beams 20 A , 20 B to fix the pyramidal pillar 22 to the decking 16 by bolting.
  • the base 26 comprises a recovery plate 40, fixed by bolting on the cap 24, surmounted by a welded base foot 42 which extends upwards, possibly according to a certain inclination as illustrated on the figure 2 .
  • a foundation installation for a structure with several point supports is shown very schematically in plan view.
  • the structure itself, bearing the reference 44, is represented symbolically by its main axes. This is for example a quadripod pylon carrying high voltage power lines. It has four point support points 46, 48, 50, 52 requiring four foundations 54, 56, 58, 60 such as that illustrated on the figures 1 and 2 , oriented along the axes of the four legs of the pylon 44.
  • a first optional but advantageous element of the foundation described above is illustrated in perspective on the figure 5 .
  • This is a coring jig 62 designed to border, in particular laterally, the periphery of the decking 16 at the bottom of the excavation 10.
  • it comprises two side plates 64A and 64B.
  • the side plate 64A is pierced with five holes extending longitudinally, intended to be crossed respectively by the five steps 30A 1 , 30A 2 , 30A 3 , 30A 4 and 30A 5 of the picture 3 . It is sized to border the lateral periphery of the decking 16 which faces the side wall 10A of the trench 10.
  • the side plate 64B is also pierced with five identical holes extending longitudinally, intended to be respectively crossed by the five steps 30B 1 , 30B 2 , 30B 3 , 30B 4 and 30B 5 of the picture 3 . It is dimensioned to border the lateral periphery of the decking 16 which faces the side wall 10B of the excavation 10.
  • the side plates 64A and 64B are held fixed at a distance from each other by means of reinforcement bars which extend from one to the other.
  • Five lower reinforcing bars 66, 68, 70, 72, 74 are distributed longitudinally in the lower parts of the two side plates 64A and 64B and extend transversely. They are adjustable in length using telescopic members to adjust the distance between the two trays.
  • Two upper reinforcing bars 76, 78 are also arranged at the two longitudinal ends of the side plates 64A and 64B in the upper parts and also extend transversely.
  • Two positioning studs male or female, are also fixed between two pairs of lower reinforcing bars.
  • a first positioning stud 80 is arranged between the lower reinforcement bars 66 and 68, using a plate, to which it is welded, itself fixed by bolting to the two lower reinforcement bars 66 and 68.
  • a second positioning stud 82 is arranged between the lower reinforcing bars 72 and 74, using a plate, to which it is welded, itself fixed by bolting to the two lower reinforcing bars 72 and 74.
  • height adjustment feet 84 such as the one illustrated in the figure 5 are advantageously provided in the coring jig 62. They are screwed under four corresponding perforated plates 86, themselves fixed by bolting or welding in the lower parts of the side plates 64A and 64B to the latter and to the first (66) and last (74) lower reinforcing bars.
  • a second optional but advantageous element for the construction of the foundation described above is illustrated in perspective on the figure 6 .
  • This is an adjustment jig 88 designed to precisely adjust the positioning of the coring jig 62 at the bottom of the excavation 10 by cooperating with it.
  • it comprises two parallel vertical rods 90, 92 fixed at a distance between them using an upper horizontal spar 94 and a bracing 96 at mid-height and also horizontal.
  • the two free lower ends of the two vertical rods 90 and 92 are respectively provided with two positioning studs 98 and 100, female or male, intended to cooperate by embedding, then optional bolting, with the two positioning studs 80 and 82 of the coring 62.
  • the adjustment jig 88 arranged at the bottom of the excavation 10 cooperates with the coring jig 62 by embedding the positioning studs 98, 100 in the positioning studs 80, 82 or vice versa (first function of positioning the studs 80, 82), the two rods 90 and 92 extend vertically so that the spar 94 appears on the surface and is used for the precise adjustment of the positioning at the bottom of the excavation 10 using conventional instruments of a surveyor. For this, it has one or more characteristic points for checking the adjustment, for example two small extensions 102, 104 extending the two vertical rods 90, 92 in the upper parts, or any other visible characteristic point.
  • the adjustment jig 88 can also be braced to the side plates 64A and 64B of the coring jig 62 using known means.
  • a first step 200 various construction materials are transported to the site.
  • the materials and dimensions of the foundation to be built according to the present invention are such that light transport by helicopter can be envisaged for a very limited deterioration and clutter of the site.
  • the rectangular contours of the excavation 10 are drawn on the ground, for example with a tolerance of 1 to 2 cm for an excavation of 1.80 m by 2.50 m.
  • a preliminary survey at the right of the excavation to be excavated can be carried out.
  • the soil removed is kept for a later backfilling step. It may be advantageous to plan to clean the bottom of the excavation 10 manually using a shovel over the last centimeters of depth, for example the last 60 cm, to avoid any subsidence or decompression of the ground 12 and to ensure that the final geometry of the bottom of the excavation 10.
  • the coring template 62 is reconstituted on the surface in accordance with the assembly of the figure 5 , with the exception of the two upper reinforcing bars 76, 78. It is mounted in the retracted position of the five lower reinforcing bars 66, 68, 70, 72, 74 so that the two side plates 64A and 64B are brought closer together. a distance well below the width L1 of the excavation 10. The four height adjustment feet 84 are added.
  • the coring jig 62 is lowered to the bottom of the excavation 10, for example using a mini digger. It is then widened by length adjustment of the five lower reinforcing bars 66, 68, 70, 72, 74 up to a reference point indicating that the width reached can be fixed. Any known means for indicating the correct width and keeping it fixed can be employed. In addition, shims made of wood or concrete, for example, can be used against or under the four height adjustment feet 84 to facilitate subsequent adjustment in position of the coring jig 62. At this stage, the two upper reinforcing bars 76 and 78 can be installed.
  • the adjustment jig 88 is mounted and braced on the coring jig 62 as indicated above.
  • the verticality of rods 90 and 92 must be carefully checked.
  • the spar 94 must exceed the floor level 12.
  • the precise positioning of the coring jig 62 is adjusted in particular using the height adjustment feet 84.
  • the clean concrete can be poured at the bottom of the excavation 10 from the outside to form a first layer of the slab 14, during a step 214.
  • the casting is for example maintained until it covers the five lower reinforcing bars 66, 68, 70, 72, 74 of the coring template 62 but leaving the holes formed in the side plates 64A, 64B to emerge and at least in part the two positioning studs 80 and 82, in particular sufficiently to be able to remove the positioning studs 98, 100 and the adjustment template 88. Access to the sump must however be retained and it is advisable to use quick-setting concrete.
  • the coring template 62 is intended to form part of the foundation.
  • the adjustment jig 88 can be removed in order to be reused for the construction of another foundation.
  • a coring drill is lowered to the bottom of the excavation 10 and ten holes are dug laterally in the ground 12 in the walls 10A and 10B in line with each of the holes in the side plates 64A and 64B.
  • the side holes are for example dug several tens of centimeters deep, in particular between 20 and 50 cm.
  • the core drilling machine is advantageously fixed to a frame of reference to avoid any deviation which may be caused by the vibrations.
  • the water consumed by the core drilling machine can be evacuated into the sump using appropriate known means, in particular a pump.
  • PVC tubes Polyvinyl Chloride
  • Each step is then inserted into the corresponding PVC tube through one of the holes in the side plates 64A, 654B, with a cover plate for the PVC tube threaded into its elongated portion and held at a certain distance from its base plate. support and fixing against the periphery of the decking 16.
  • the distance between the depressed end of the step and the cover plate is less than a few centimeters, for example 5 cm, than the length of the PVC tube so that the step does not cannot reach the bottom of the side hole in which it is inserted.
  • the decking 16 is lowered and placed at the bottom of the excavation 10 so that it extends laterally on the periphery towards the two side walls 10A and 10B.
  • the transverse beams of longitudinal ends that is to say the beams 18 1 and 18 5
  • the positioning studs 80 and 82 are lowered to the bottom of the excavation 10, precisely positioned and fixed for example to the positioning studs 80 and 82 (second function of positioning the studs 80, 82) as well as the steps 30A 1 , 30B 1 , 30A 5 and 30B 5 .
  • the positioning studs 80 and 82 are arranged so as to be respectively in the main vertical planes of the four holes arranged at the longitudinal ends of the two side plates 64A and 64B.
  • the rest of the decking 16, that is to say the other transverse beams 182, 183, 184 and the longitudinal beams 20 A , 20 B can be assembled on the surface and lowered into a second stage, to then be completely fixed to the two transverse beams 18 1 and 18 5 , already in place.
  • the steps 30A 2 , 30B 2 , 30A 3 , 30B 3 , 30A 4 and 30B 4 can then in turn be fixed to the transverse beams 18 2 , 18 3 , 18 4 in this second stage.
  • connecting plates and gussets which must be carried by the longitudinal beams 20 A , 20 B can be fixed on the surface or at the bottom of the excavation 10.
  • the point structure support support assembly comprising the pyramidal pillar 22, the cap 24 and the base 26 is in turn lowered to the bottom of the excavation 10.
  • the point structure support support assembly comprising the pyramidal pillar 22, the cap 24 and the base 26 is in turn lowered to the bottom of the excavation 10.
  • it will have previously been mounted on the surface, including the connecting plates and gussets that it must carry.
  • Once placed on the longitudinal beams 20 A , 20 B it is fixed by bolting. It then extends into the excavation 10 from the bottom to the surface.
  • This step can be the subject of a final verification of the correct positioning of all the decking elements 16 and support assembly 22, 24, 26.
  • each step is sealed in the ground 12 using a mixture of the cement slurry, mortar or concrete type.
  • This mixture is poured into each PVC tube to fill it, through a hole provided in the upper part of the PVC tube and using a chute and/or flexible cannula and/or a rigid tube.
  • An air outlet can also be arranged, for example in the upper part of each plate forming a cover.
  • the mixture must be sufficiently liquid to be distributed throughout the interior volume of each PVC tube.
  • a second layer of clean concrete slab 14 is poured into the bottom of the excavation 10, for example up to mid-height of the transverse beams 18 1 , 18 2 , 18 3 , 18 4 and 18 5 .
  • the poured concrete can then be vibrated to evacuate the air, taking care to avoid any contact with the metal elements in place of the foundation so as not to disturb their positioning.
  • the earth evacuated to dig the excavation 10 in step 204 is reintroduced in layers successive fills to the surface.
  • a first layer about 15 to 40 cm thick is introduced and compacted, avoiding air pockets and covering hard-to-reach areas.
  • the following layers can then be introduced successively in thicknesses of 40 cm. Note that it is possible to stop for the first time just below the chord joints between the lower 36 and upper 38 levels of the pyramidal pillar 22. At this stage, it is still possible to dismantle the foundation elements not yet buried. It is also possible to stop a second time just under the cap 24 to, likewise, make some final adjustments to the base 26.
  • a concrete chimney can be built to form the cap 24 and the base 26 up to the surface.
  • the backfill can then be finalized by forming a mound of earth around the chimney to prevent soil decompression.
  • the example described provides for side steps extending in two side walls of the excavated excavation, but nothing prevents the provision of steps, as a replacement or in addition, in other walls of the excavation.
  • the excavation 10 illustrated in the figures 1 and 2 is presented as a rectangular footprint on the ground, which is only a non-limiting example of the form of excavation for a foundation.

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Description

La présente invention concerne une fondation d'appui ponctuel de structure, une installation de fondation pour structure à plusieurs appuis ponctuels et un procédé de construction d'une fondation d'appui ponctuel de structure. Elle s'applique plus précisément à la construction de fondations de structures lourdes, telles que des pylônes porteurs de lignes électriques à haute tension, susceptibles d'engendrer de fortes contraintes de traction et compression.The present invention relates to a structural point bearing foundation, a foundation installation for a multi-point bearing structure and a method of constructing a structural point bearing foundation. It applies more specifically to the construction of foundations for heavy structures, such as pylons carrying high voltage power lines, liable to generate high tensile and compressive stresses.

Une telle fondation, ou installation de fondation, est un ouvrage enterré dont le rôle est d'ancrer dans le sol une superstructure comportant, dans le cas du transport d'électricité par ligne aérienne, différents pylônes complétés par des câbles et tout le matériel correspondant. Cet ouvrage est en contact direct avec le terrain d'assise d'un sol et a pour fonction de transmettre à celui-ci le poids et les différentes surcharges appliquées à la structure, comme défini dans l'article de D. Naud, intitulé « Lignes aériennes : matériels - Fondations des supports », publié dans l'ouvrage « Techniques de l'ingénieur - Problématiques communes des réseaux électriques : ingénierie », pages D4425-1 à 6, le 10 février 2004 .Such a foundation, or foundation installation, is a buried structure whose role is to anchor a superstructure in the ground comprising, in the case of the transmission of electricity by overhead line, various pylons supplemented by cables and all the corresponding equipment. . This structure is in direct contact with the base ground of a ground and has the function of transmitting to it the weight and the various overloads applied to the structure, as defined in the article of D. Naud, entitled "Overhead lines: materials - Support foundations", published in the book "Engineering techniques - Common problems of electrical networks: engineering", pages D4425-1 to 6, February 10, 2004 .

La limitation de l'impact environnemental de telles fondations devient une priorité, que ce soit en termes de dégradation des sites sur lesquels elles sont construites ou de transport des éléments constitutifs et moyens de construction sur place. Pour cela, une solution consistant à apporter tout le matériel de construction par voie aérienne, notamment par hélicoptère, est aujourd'hui généralement privilégiée. Cela évite en particulier de former des pistes d'acheminement du matériel à l'aide de moyens de transport lourds tels que des grues ou camions malaxeurs. Mais cette pratique nécessite d'optimiser les fondations en termes de volume et de poids. Il est également recherché de limiter la durée des travaux, ce qui conduit à envisager la même optimisation.Limiting the environmental impact of such foundations is becoming a priority, whether in terms of degradation of the sites on which they are built or transporting the constituent elements and means of construction on site. For this, a solution consisting in bringing all the construction equipment by air, in particular by helicopter, is generally preferred today. This avoids in particular forming routes for transporting the material using heavy transport means such as cranes or mixer trucks. But this practice requires optimizing the foundations in terms of volume and weight. It is also sought to limit the duration of the work, which leads to consider the same optimization.

Différents types de fondations existent, parmi lesquels principalement des fondations en béton et des fondations métalliques associant un platelage à un assemblage porteur de pied de structure. L'usage de béton est à éviter ou à limiter pour toute intervention héliportée en raison de son poids. En revanche, les structures de fondation à platelage pouvant être pré-montées en plusieurs éléments avant mise en place sur site sont plus adaptées.Different types of foundations exist, among which mainly concrete foundations and metal foundations associating a decking with a bearing assembly of the foot of the structure. The use of concrete should be avoided or limited for any helicopter-borne intervention due to its weight. On the other hand, decking foundation structures that can be pre-assembled in several elements before installation on site are more suitable.

L'invention s'applique donc plus particulièrement à une fondation d'appui ponctuel de structure comportant :

  • un platelage disposé au fond d'une fouille formée dans un sol, le platelage s'étendant latéralement en périphérie vers au moins une paroi latérale de la fouille,
  • un assemblage support d'appui ponctuel de structure fixé au platelage et s'étendant dans la fouille depuis le fond jusqu'en surface, et
  • un matériau de remblai remplissant la fouille jusqu'en surface.
The invention therefore applies more particularly to a point support foundation for a structure comprising:
  • a decking arranged at the bottom of an excavation formed in the ground, the decking extending laterally at the periphery towards at least one side wall of the excavation,
  • a structural point bearing support assembly attached to the decking and extending into the excavation from the bottom to the surface, and
  • backfill material filling the excavation to the surface.

Une telle fondation d'appui ponctuel de structure est connue du document DE 34 42 912A1 .Such a structural point support foundation is known from the document DE 34 42 912A1 .

Les fondations métalliques à platelage sont potentiellement nettement plus légères que celles en béton, mais également moins résistantes aux efforts de traction transmis par des structures telles que les pylônes précités. Deux aspects sont en particulier à prendre en compte impérativement pour la construction d'une nouvelle fondation : la tenue géotechnique, impliquant une étude de l'interaction entre la fondation et le sol dans lequel elle est enterrée ainsi qu'une évaluation de valeur limite de rupture du sol, et la tenue intrinsèque, impliquant un dimensionnement suffisant de la structure de fondation. La moindre résistance d'une fondation métallique doit alors être compensée par un volume important de la fouille, ce qui nuit à l'impact environnemental.Metal decking foundations are potentially much lighter than concrete ones, but also less resistant to tensile stresses transmitted by structures such as the aforementioned pylons. Two aspects in particular must be taken into account for the construction of a new foundation: the geotechnical resistance, involving a study of the interaction between the foundation and the ground in which it is buried as well as an evaluation of the limit value of ground failure, and intrinsic strength, involving sufficient dimensioning of the foundation structure. The lower resistance of a metal foundation must then be compensated by a large volume of the excavation, which affects the environmental impact.

Il peut ainsi être souhaité de prévoir une fondation d'appui ponctuel de structure qui permette de s'affranchir d'au moins une partie des problèmes et contraintes précités.It may thus be desirable to provide a point support foundation for the structure which makes it possible to overcome at least some of the aforementioned problems and constraints.

Il est donc proposé une fondation d'appui ponctuel de structure comportant :

  • un platelage disposé au fond d'une fouille formée dans un sol, le platelage s'étendant latéralement en périphérie vers au moins une paroi latérale de la fouille,
  • un assemblage support d'appui ponctuel de structure fixé au platelage et s'étendant dans la fouille depuis le fond jusqu'en surface,
  • un matériau de remblai remplissant la fouille jusqu'en surface, et
  • une pluralité de redans s'enfonçant chacun latéralement dans le sol, à partir de la périphérie du platelage à laquelle ils sont fixés, au-delà de ladite au moins une paroi latérale de la fouille.
A point support foundation for the structure is therefore proposed comprising:
  • a decking arranged at the bottom of an excavation formed in the ground, the decking extending laterally at the periphery towards at least one side wall of the excavation,
  • a one-time structural support assembly fixed to the decking and extending into the excavation from the bottom to the surface,
  • backfill material filling the excavation to the surface, and
  • a plurality of steps each sinking laterally into the ground, from the periphery of the decking to which they are fixed, beyond said at least one side wall of the excavation.

Ainsi, les redans permettent de mobiliser par cisaillement le sol en place non remanié à l'extérieur du volume de la fouille, pour produire un effort résistant à l'effort de traction transmis à la fondation par la structure, ce qui permet également une réduction significative de la taille de la fouille. Les opérations de terrassement sont en conséquence limitées et réalisables à l'aide d'outils légers et héli-treuillables. Par exemple, pour une fondation de pied de pylône en treillis porteur de lignes électriques à haute tension, il a été démontré qu'une emprise au sol de la fouille de 1,80 m par 2,50 m est suffisante pour reprendre des efforts en traction et compression d'environ 800 kN, alors que dans les mêmes conditions cela serait moins résistant sans les redans tels que disposés et fixés selon la présente invention.Thus, the steps make it possible to mobilize by shear the undisturbed soil in place outside the volume of the excavation, to produce a force resistant to the tensile force transmitted to the foundation by the structure, which also allows a reduction significant to the size of the excavation. Earthmoving operations are therefore limited and achievable using light, heli-winchable tools. For example, for a lattice pylon foot foundation carrying power lines at high tension, it has been shown that a footprint of the excavation of 1.80 m by 2.50 m is sufficient to take up tensile and compressive forces of approximately 800 kN, whereas under the same conditions this would be less resistant without the steps as arranged and fixed according to the present invention.

De façon optionnelle, les redans s'enfoncent latéralement dans le sol à partir de la périphérie du platelage à laquelle ils sont fixés contre des extrémités de barres transversales du platelage.Optionally, the steps sink laterally into the ground from the periphery of the decking to which they are fixed against the ends of transverse bars of the decking.

De façon optionnelle également, chaque redan comporte une plaque d'appui et de fixation contre une plaque d'extrémité de l'une des barres transversales, cette plaque d'appui et de fixation étant solidaire d'une portion allongée s'enfonçant latéralement dans le sol.Also optionally, each step comprises a support and fixing plate against an end plate of one of the transverse bars, this support and fixing plate being integral with an elongated portion sinking laterally into floor.

De façon optionnelle également, une fondation d'appui ponctuel de structure selon l'invention peut comporter un gabarit de carottage percé de trous et bordant la périphérie du platelage, chaque redan s'étendant à travers l'un des trous du gabarit de carottage.Also optionally, a point support foundation for a structure according to the invention may comprise a coring template pierced with holes and bordering the periphery of the decking, each step extending through one of the holes of the coring template.

De façon optionnelle également, l'assemblage support d'appui ponctuel de structure comporte un pilier pyramidal en treillis surmonté d'une embase destinée à recevoir l'appui ponctuel de structure.Also optionally, the point structure support support assembly comprises a lattice pyramidal pillar surmounted by a base intended to receive the point structure support.

De façon optionnelle également, chaque redan est :

  • fixé à la périphérie du platelage par boulonnage, et
  • scellé dans le sol à l'aide d'un mélange de type coulis de ciment, mortier ou béton.
Also optionally, each step is:
  • fixed to the periphery of the decking by bolting, and
  • sealed into the ground using a mixture such as cement grout, mortar or concrete.

De façon optionnelle également, le platelage, l'assemblage support d'appui ponctuel de structure et les redans sont en matériau métallique.Also optionally, the decking, the point support support assembly for the structure and the steps are made of metallic material.

Il est également proposé une installation de fondation pour une structure à plusieurs appuis ponctuels, comportant une fondation d'appui ponctuel de structure selon l'invention pour chaque appui ponctuel de la structure.A foundation installation is also proposed for a structure with several point supports, comprising a point structure support foundation according to the invention for each point support of the structure.

Il est également proposé un procédé de construction d'une fondation d'appui ponctuel de structure comportant les étapes suivantes :

  • creusement d'une fouille dans un sol,
  • disposition d'un platelage au fond de la fouille de manière à ce qu'il s'étende latéralement en périphérie vers au moins une paroi latérale de la fouille,
  • fixation d'un assemblage support d'appui ponctuel de structure au platelage de manière à ce qu'il s'étende dans la fouille depuis le fond jusqu'en surface, et
  • remblayage de la fouille jusqu'en surface,
comportant en outre, entre le creusement de la fouille et la disposition du platelage au fond de la fouille, une étape de disposition d'une pluralité de redans de manière à ce qu'ils s'étendent chacun latéralement dans le sol, à partir de la périphérie du platelage à laquelle ils sont fixés lorsque ce dernier est ensuite disposé au fond de la fouille, au-delà de ladite au moins une paroi latérale de la fouille.A method for constructing a point support foundation for a structure is also proposed, comprising the following steps:
  • digging a pit in the ground,
  • provision of a decking at the bottom of the excavation so that it extends laterally on the periphery towards at least one side wall of the excavation,
  • attaching a structural point bearing support assembly to the decking so that it extends into the excavation from the bottom to the surface, and
  • backfilling of the excavation to the surface,
further comprising, between the digging of the excavation and the arrangement of the decking at the bottom of the excavation, a step of arranging a plurality of steps so that they each extend laterally into the ground, from the periphery of the decking to which they are attached when the latter is then placed at the bottom of the excavation, beyond said at least one side wall of the excavation.

De façon optionnelle, l'étape de disposition de la pluralité de redans comporte un carottage latéral du sol au fond de la fouille pour la création d'une pluralité de trous latéraux et la disposition de chaque redan dans l'un des trous latéraux.Optionally, the step of arranging the plurality of steps comprises lateral coring of the ground at the bottom of the excavation to create a plurality of side holes and the arrangement of each step in one of the side holes.

L'invention sera mieux comprise à l'aide de la description qui va suivre, donnée uniquement à titre d'exemple et faite en se référant aux dessins annexés dans lesquels :

  • la figure 1 représente schématiquement en coupe de face la structure générale d'une fondation d'appui ponctuel de structure selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention,
  • la figure 2 représente schématiquement en coupe de profil la structure générale de la fondation d'appui ponctuel de structure de la figure 1,
  • la figure 3 illustre en perspective éclatée un exemple de réalisation métallique d'éléments de la fondation d'appui ponctuel de structure des figures 1 et 2,
  • la figure 4 représente schématiquement en vue de dessus la structure générale d'une installation de fondation pour pylône quadripode porteur de lignes électriques à haute tension,
  • la figure 5 illustre en perspective un exemple de réalisation métallique d'un gabarit de carottage d'une fondation d'appui ponctuel de structure selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention,
  • la figure 6 illustre en perspective un exemple de réalisation métallique d'un gabarit de réglage apte à coopérer avec le gabarit de carottage de la figure 5, et
  • la figure 7 illustre les étapes successives d'un procédé de construction d'une fondation d'appui ponctuel de structure, selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention.
The invention will be better understood with the aid of the following description, given solely by way of example and made with reference to the appended drawings in which:
  • the figure 1 schematically represents in front section the general structure of a structural point support foundation according to one embodiment of the invention,
  • the picture 2 schematically represents in profile section the general structure of the structural point support foundation of the figure 1 ,
  • the picture 3 illustrates in exploded perspective an example of metal production of elements of the foundation for the point support of the structure of the figures 1 and 2 ,
  • the figure 4 schematically shows in top view the general structure of a foundation installation for a quadripod pylon carrying high voltage power lines,
  • the figure 5 illustrates in perspective an example of a metal embodiment of a core drilling template for a point support foundation for a structure according to one embodiment of the invention,
  • the figure 6 illustrates in perspective an example of a metallic embodiment of an adjustment jig capable of cooperating with the coring jig of the figure 5 , and
  • the figure 7 illustrates the successive steps of a method for constructing a point support foundation for a structure, according to one embodiment of the invention.

Sur la figure 1, une fondation d'appui ponctuel de structure est construite dans une fouille 10 creusée dans un sol 12. Par exemple, pour une fondation d'appui ponctuel de pylône en treillis porteur de lignes électriques à haute tension, la fouille 10, en forme de parallélépipède rectangle, peut présenter une profondeur P de 2,8 m, une largeur L1 de 1,80 m selon la vue de face de la figure 1 et une longueur L2 de 2,50 m selon la vue de profil de la figure 2. En fond de fouille 10, une dalle 14 de béton de propreté est optionnellement mais avantageusement coulée et sert de support et/ou scellement horizontal pour la fondation.On the figure 1 , a structure point support foundation is built in an excavation 10 dug in the ground 12. For example, for a point support foundation of a lattice pylon carrying high voltage power lines, the rectangular parallelepiped, may have a depth P of 2.8 m, a width L1 of 1.80 m depending on the front view of the figure 1 and a length L2 of 2.50 m according to the profile view of the figure 2 . At the bottom of the excavation 10, a clean concrete slab 14 is optionally but advantageously cast and serves as a support and/or horizontal seal for the foundation.

La fondation elle-même comporte un platelage 16, également disposé horizontalement en fond de fouille 10 sur la dalle 14 de béton de propreté, s'étendant latéralement sur la largeur L1 en périphérie vers au moins une paroi latérale 10A, 10B de la fouille 10. Plus précisément, le platelage 16 de la figure 1 comporte plusieurs barres ou poutres métalliques transversales à profil en « I », disposées horizontalement et parallèlement, aux extrémités desquelles sont soudées des plaques métalliques rectangulaires ou carrées formant la périphérie du platelage 16 et faisant face aux parois latérales 10A, 10B. Une seule poutre transversale est visible sur cette coupe de face: elle porte la référence générale 18 et s'étend latéralement entre une première plaque métallique 18A d'extrémité proche et en vis-à-vis de la paroi latérale 10A de la fouille 10, et une deuxième plaque métallique 18B d'extrémité proche et en vis-à-vis de la paroi latérale 10B. Le platelage 16 comporte en outre deux barres ou poutres métalliques longitudinales 20A, 20B à profil en « T » renversé sous lesquelles sont fixées, par exemple par boulonnage (c'est-à-dire à l'aide d'un système de fixation rigide à vis et écrous), les poutres transversales. La première 20A s'étend horizontalement en fond de fouille 10 parallèlement à la paroi latérale 10A et dans son voisinage, et la deuxième 20B s'étend horizontalement en fond de fouille 10 parallèlement à la paroi latérale 10B et dans son voisinage. On notera que le platelage 16 peut être posé et fixé sur la dalle 14 de béton de propreté, ou partiellement coulé dans celle-ci. Dans ce dernier cas, la dalle 14 de béton de propreté est avantageusement coulée en au moins deux couches successives : une première couche sur laquelle le platelage 16 est posé horizontalement et fixé ; puis une deuxième couche coulée pour enfouir partiellement le platelage 16 et le sceller définitivement.The foundation itself comprises a decking 16, also arranged horizontally at the bottom of the excavation 10 on the slab 14 of clean concrete, extending laterally over the width L1 on the periphery towards at least one side wall 10A, 10B of the excavation 10 More precisely, the decking 16 of the figure 1 comprises several transverse metal bars or beams with an "I" profile, arranged horizontally and parallel, at the ends of which are welded rectangular or square metal plates forming the periphery of the decking 16 and facing the side walls 10A, 10B. A single transverse beam is visible in this front section: it bears the general reference 18 and extends laterally between a first metal plate 18A at the end close to and opposite the side wall 10A of the trench 10, and a second metal plate 18B near the end and facing the side wall 10B. The decking 16 further comprises two longitudinal metal bars or beams 20 A , 20 B with an inverted "T" profile under which are fixed, for example by bolting (that is to say using a system of rigid fixing with screws and nuts), the transverse beams. The first 20 A extends horizontally at the bottom of the excavation 10 parallel to the side wall 10A and in its vicinity, and the second 20 B extends horizontally at the bottom of the excavation 10 parallel to the side wall 10B and in its vicinity. It will be noted that the decking 16 can be placed and fixed on the slab 14 of clean concrete, or partially cast therein. In the latter case, the clean concrete slab 14 is advantageously cast in at least two successive layers: a first layer on which the decking 16 is placed horizontally and fixed; then a second poured layer to partially bury the decking 16 and seal it definitively.

La fondation comporte en outre un assemblage support d'appui ponctuel de structure fixé au platelage 16, plus précisément par boulonnage sur les poutres longitudinales 20A, 20B et s'étendant dans la fouille 10 depuis le fond jusqu'en surface. Cet assemblage support est plus précisément constitué d'un pilier métallique pyramidal en treillis 22 surmonté d'un chapeau métallique 24 lui-même porteur d'une embase métallique 26 destinée à recevoir l'appui ponctuel d'une structure telle qu'un pied de pylône.The foundation further comprises a point structure support support assembly fixed to the decking 16, more precisely by bolting to the longitudinal beams 20 A , 20 B and extending into the trench 10 from the bottom to the bottom. surface. This support assembly is more specifically made up of a pyramidal lattice metal pillar 22 surmounted by a metal cap 24 itself carrying a metal base 26 intended to receive the point support of a structure such as a foot of pylon.

La fondation comporte en outre un matériau de remblai 28 remplissant la fouille 10 jusqu'en surface.The foundation further comprises backfill material 28 filling the excavation 10 to the surface.

Conformément à la présente invention, la fondation comporte en outre une pluralité de redans s'enfonçant chacun latéralement dans le sol 12, à partir de la périphérie du platelage 16 à laquelle ils sont fixés, au-delà de ladite au moins une paroi latérale de la fouille 10.In accordance with the present invention, the foundation further comprises a plurality of steps each sinking laterally into the ground 12, from the periphery of the decking 16 to which they are fixed, beyond said at least one side wall of excavation 10.

Plus précisément, dans l'exemple de réalisation non limitatif de la figure 1, deux redans métalliques 30A et 30B sont illustrés. Le premier redan 30A est fixé contre la plaque 18A formant la première extrémité de la poutre transversale 18, par exemple par boulonnage, et s'enfonce horizontalement latéralement dans le sol 12 au-delà de la paroi latérale 10A sur une profondeur de plusieurs dizaines de centimètres, par exemple entre 20 et 50 cm. Il comporte une plaque d'appui 32A, fixée contre la plaque 18A, et une portion allongée 34A, par exemple une portion de barre ou poutre de même profil que la poutre métallique transversale 18, ou de profil similaire, et soudée à la plaque d'appui 32A. De façon symétrique, le deuxième redan 30B est fixé contre la plaque 18B formant la deuxième extrémité de la poutre transversale 18, par exemple par boulonnage, et s'enfonce horizontalement latéralement dans le sol 12 au-delà de la paroi latérale 10B sur une profondeur de plusieurs dizaines de centimètres, par exemple entre 20 et 50 cm. Il comporte une plaque d'appui 32B, fixée contre la plaque 18B, et une portion allongée 34B, par exemple une portion de barre ou poutre de même profil que la poutre métallique 18, ou de profil similaire, et soudée à la plaque d'appui 32B. Une paire de redans peut ainsi être disposée et fixée aux deux extrémités de chaque poutre métallique transversale de manière à la prolonger latéralement dans le sol 12. La disposition des redans peut se faire par carottage latéral du sol 12, insertion des redans dans les trous latéraux formés par carottage, puis scellement des redans dans les trous latéraux à l'aide d'un liant tel qu'un coulis de ciment, mortier ou béton.More specifically, in the non-limiting embodiment of the figure 1 , two metal steps 30A and 30B are illustrated. The first step 30A is fixed against the plate 18A forming the first end of the transverse beam 18, for example by bolting, and sinks horizontally laterally into the ground 12 beyond the side wall 10A to a depth of several tens of centimeters, for example between 20 and 50 cm. It comprises a support plate 32A, fixed against the plate 18A, and an elongated portion 34A, for example a portion of bar or beam of the same profile as the transverse metal beam 18, or of similar profile, and welded to the plate. support 32A. Symmetrically, the second step 30B is fixed against the plate 18B forming the second end of the transverse beam 18, for example by bolting, and sinks horizontally laterally into the ground 12 beyond the side wall 10B to a depth several tens of centimeters, for example between 20 and 50 cm. It comprises a support plate 32B, fixed against the plate 18B, and an elongated portion 34B, for example a portion of bar or beam of the same profile as the metal beam 18, or of similar profile, and welded to the base plate. support 32B. A pair of steps can thus be arranged and fixed to the two ends of each transverse metal beam so as to extend it laterally into the floor 12. The arrangement of the steps can be done by lateral coring of the floor 12, inserting the steps into the side holes formed by coring, then sealing the steps in the side holes using a binder such as a cement slurry, mortar or concrete.

Comme cela est clairement visible sur la figure 1 à l'aide des deux traits verticaux en pointillés qui identifient une surface de cisaillement, la présence des redans qui s'étendent latéralement augmente la prise au sol 12 de la fondation. Il en résulte une augmentation de la résistance aux contraintes de traction subies et une meilleure tenue à l'arrachement, même avec une fondation de taille réduite.As is clearly visible on the figure 1 using the two vertical dotted lines which identify a shear surface, the presence of the steps which extend laterally increases the grip on the ground 12 of the foundation. It results in an increase in resistance to tensile stresses and better resistance to tearing, even with a reduced-size foundation.

La figure 2 illustre la fondation d'appui ponctuel de structure de la figure 1 en coupe de profil. Selon cette vue, la structure en treillis du pilier métallique pyramidal 22 de l'assemblage support est visible. Par ailleurs, on note que le chapeau 24 et l'embase 26 peuvent être inclinés par rapport à la verticale de manière à reprendre de façon optimale les efforts repris ponctuellement sur une structure lorsque celle-ci est inclinée. C'est par exemple le cas lorsque la structure est un pylône quadripode porteur de lignes électriques à haute tension et que la fondation est destinée à reprendre les contraintes de l'un des pieds, inclinés, de ce pylône.The figure 2 illustrates the structural point bearing foundation of the figure 1 in profile section. In this view, the lattice structure of the pyramidal metal pillar 22 of the support assembly is visible. Furthermore, it is noted that the cap 24 and the base 26 can be inclined with respect to the vertical so as to optimally take up the forces taken up punctually on a structure when the latter is inclined. This is for example the case when the structure is a quadripod pylon carrying high voltage power lines and the foundation is intended to take up the stresses of one of the feet, inclined, of this pylon.

Selon cette vue également, les poutres transversales du platelage 16 sont toutes visibles, au nombre de cinq et portent les références 181, 182, 183, 184 et 185. En revanche, une seule des deux poutres longitudinales 20A, 20B est visible et porte la référence générale 20.Also according to this view, the transverse beams of the decking 16 are all visible, five in number and bear the references 18 1 , 18 2 , 18 3 , 18 4 and 18 5 . On the other hand, only one of the two longitudinal beams 20 A , 20 B is visible and bears the general reference 20.

Dans les figures 1 et 2, on notera que les plaques d'extrémités des poutres transversales 181, 182, 183, 184 et 185 sont partiellement coulées dans la dalle 14 de béton de propreté, pour une meilleure solidité de l'ensemble.In the figures 1 and 2 , it will be noted that the end plates of the transverse beams 18 1 , 18 2 , 18 3 , 18 4 and 18 5 are partially cast in the slab 14 of clean concrete, for a better solidity of the assembly.

La figure 3 illustre en perspective éclatée un exemple de réalisation métallique d'éléments de la fondation d'appui ponctuel de structure des figures 1 et 2. Selon cette illustration, les cinq poutres transversales 181, 182, 183, 184, 185 et les deux poutres longitudinales 20A, 20B du platelage 16 sont toutes visibles, de même qu'une bonne partie des boulonnages qui permettent leur fixation. Cinq paires de redans sont également visibles dans les prolongements latéraux des cinq poutres transversales 181, 182, 183, 184, 185. Deux redans 30A1, 30B1 sont destinés à être fixés aux plaques d'extrémités de la poutre transversale 181. Deux redans 30A2, 30B2 sont destinés à être fixés aux plaques d'extrémités de la poutre transversale 182. Deux redans 30A3, 30B3 sont destinés à être fixés aux plaques d'extrémités de la poutre transversale 183. Deux redans 30A4, 30B4 sont destinés à être fixés aux plaques d'extrémités de la poutre transversale 184. Enfin, deux redans 30A5, 30B5 sont destinés à être fixés aux plaques d'extrémités de la poutre transversale 185.The picture 3 illustrates in exploded perspective an example of metal production of elements of the foundation for the point support of the structure of the figures 1 and 2 . According to this illustration, the five transverse beams 18 1 , 18 2 , 18 3 , 18 4 , 18 5 and the two longitudinal beams 20 A , 20 B of the decking 16 are all visible, as well as a large part of the boltings which allow their fixation. Five pairs of steps are also visible in the lateral extensions of the five transverse beams 18 1 , 18 2 , 18 3 , 18 4 , 18 5 . Two steps 30A 1 , 30B 1 are intended to be fixed to the end plates of the transverse beam 18 1 . Two steps 30A 2 , 30B 2 are intended to be fixed to the end plates of the transverse beam 18 2 . Two steps 30A 3 , 30B 3 are intended to be fixed to the end plates of the transverse beam 18 3 . Two steps 30A 4 , 30B 4 are intended to be fixed to the end plates of the transverse beam 18 4 . Finally, two steps 30A 5 , 30B 5 are intended to be fixed to the end plates of the transverse beam 18 5 .

En ce qui concerne le pilier pyramidal 22, il est constitué de deux niveaux de membrures. Un premier niveau inférieur 36 comporte des membrures métalliques boulonnées entre elles en treillis : quatre membrures inférieures participant à la structure pyramidale extérieure, deux fois deux membrures en treillis et quatre membrures horizontales en partie supérieure pour former un plateau intermédiaire. Un deuxième niveau supérieur 38 comporte quatre autres membrures métalliques participant à la structure pyramidale extérieure et s'étendant depuis les extrémités libres des quatre membrures inférieures, et dans leur prolongement, vers le chapeau 24. Les quatre membrures inférieures sont fixées aux quatre autres membrures du niveau supérieur 38 par boulonnage et par l'intermédiaire de joints de membrures. Le chapeau 24 présente une section en « U » évasé pour fixer les quatre extrémités de membrures qui se rejoignent au sommet du pilier pyramidal 22, également par boulonnage. Par ailleurs, des platines et goussets de liaison sont avantageusement fixés aux extrémités basses des membrures inférieures du niveau inférieur 36 et sur les poutres longitudinales 20A, 20B pour fixer par boulonnage le pilier pyramidal 22 au platelage 16.As regards the pyramidal pillar 22, it consists of two levels of frames. A first lower level 36 comprises metal chords bolted together in a trellis: four lower chords participating in the outer pyramidal structure, twice two truss chords and four horizontal chords in the upper part to form an intermediate plate. A second upper level 38 comprises four other metal chords participating in the outer pyramidal structure and extending from the free ends of the four lower chords, and in their extension, towards the cap 24. The four lower chords are fixed to the other four chords of the upper level 38 by bolting and via chord joints. The cap 24 has a flared "U" section to fix the four ends of the chords which meet at the top of the pyramidal pillar 22, also by bolting. Furthermore, connection plates and gussets are advantageously fixed to the lower ends of the lower chords of the lower level 36 and to the longitudinal beams 20 A , 20 B to fix the pyramidal pillar 22 to the decking 16 by bolting.

En ce qui concerne l'embase 26, elle comporte une platine de reprise 40, fixée par boulonnage sur le chapeau 24, surmontée d'un pied d'embase 42 soudé qui s'étend vers le haut, éventuellement selon une certaine inclinaison comme illustré sur la figure 2.As regards the base 26, it comprises a recovery plate 40, fixed by bolting on the cap 24, surmounted by a welded base foot 42 which extends upwards, possibly according to a certain inclination as illustrated on the figure 2 .

Une utilisation de la fondation telle que décrite en référence aux figures 1 et 2, va maintenant être détaillée en référence à la figure 4.A use of the foundation as described with reference to the figures 1 and 2 , will now be detailed with reference to the figure 4 .

Sur cette figure, une installation de fondation pour une structure à plusieurs appuis ponctuels est représentée très schématiquement en vue de dessus. La structure elle-même, portant la référence 44, est représentée symboliquement par ses axes principaux. Il s'agit par exemple d'un pylône quadripode porteur de lignes électriques à haute tension. Il présente quatre points d'appuis ponctuels 46, 48, 50, 52 nécessitant quatre fondations 54, 56, 58, 60 telles que celle illustrée sur les figures 1 et 2, orientées selon les axes des quatre pieds du pylône 44.In this figure, a foundation installation for a structure with several point supports is shown very schematically in plan view. The structure itself, bearing the reference 44, is represented symbolically by its main axes. This is for example a quadripod pylon carrying high voltage power lines. It has four point support points 46, 48, 50, 52 requiring four foundations 54, 56, 58, 60 such as that illustrated on the figures 1 and 2 , oriented along the axes of the four legs of the pylon 44.

Un premier élément optionnel mais avantageux de la fondation décrite précédemment est illustré en perspective sur la figure 5. Il s'agit d'un gabarit de carottage 62 conçu pour border, notamment latéralement, la périphérie du platelage 16 en fond de fouille 10. A cet effet, il comporte deux plateaux latéraux 64A et 64B. Le plateau latéral 64A est percé de cinq trous s'étendant longitudinalement, destinés à être respectivement traversés par les cinq redans 30A1, 30A2, 30A3, 30A4 et 30A5 de la figure 3. Il est dimensionné pour border la périphérie latérale du platelage 16 qui fait face à la paroi latérale 10A de la fouille 10. Le plateau latéral 64B est également percé de cinq trous identiques s'étendant longitudinalement, destinés à être respectivement traversés par les cinq redans 30B1, 30B2, 30B3, 30B4 et 30B5 de la figure 3. Il est dimensionné pour border la périphérie latérale du platelage 16 qui fait face à la paroi latérale 10B de la fouille 10.A first optional but advantageous element of the foundation described above is illustrated in perspective on the figure 5 . This is a coring jig 62 designed to border, in particular laterally, the periphery of the decking 16 at the bottom of the excavation 10. For this purpose, it comprises two side plates 64A and 64B. The side plate 64A is pierced with five holes extending longitudinally, intended to be crossed respectively by the five steps 30A 1 , 30A 2 , 30A 3 , 30A 4 and 30A 5 of the picture 3 . It is sized to border the lateral periphery of the decking 16 which faces the side wall 10A of the trench 10. The side plate 64B is also pierced with five identical holes extending longitudinally, intended to be respectively crossed by the five steps 30B 1 , 30B 2 , 30B 3 , 30B 4 and 30B 5 of the picture 3 . It is dimensioned to border the lateral periphery of the decking 16 which faces the side wall 10B of the excavation 10.

Les plateaux latéraux 64A et 64B sont maintenus fixés à distance l'un de l'autre à l'aide de barres de renfort qui s'étendent de l'un à l'autre. Cinq barres inférieures de renfort 66, 68, 70, 72, 74 sont réparties longitudinalement en parties basses des deux plateaux latéraux 64A et 64B et s'étendent transversalement. Elles sont réglables en longueur à l'aide de membres télescopiques pour régler la distance entre les deux plateaux. Deux barres supérieures de renfort 76, 78 sont en outre disposées aux deux extrémités longitudinales des plateaux latéraux 64A et 64B en parties hautes et s'étendent également transversalement.The side plates 64A and 64B are held fixed at a distance from each other by means of reinforcement bars which extend from one to the other. Five lower reinforcing bars 66, 68, 70, 72, 74 are distributed longitudinally in the lower parts of the two side plates 64A and 64B and extend transversely. They are adjustable in length using telescopic members to adjust the distance between the two trays. Two upper reinforcing bars 76, 78 are also arranged at the two longitudinal ends of the side plates 64A and 64B in the upper parts and also extend transversely.

Deux plots de positionnement, mâles ou femelles, sont par ailleurs fixés entre deux paires de barres inférieures de renfort. Un premier plot de positionnement 80 est disposé entre les barres inférieures de renfort 66 et 68, à l'aide d'une plaque, à laquelle il est soudé, elle-même fixée par boulonnage aux deux barres inférieures de renfort 66 et 68. Un deuxième plot de positionnement 82 est disposé entre les barres inférieures de renfort 72 et 74, à l'aide d'une plaque, à laquelle il est soudé, elle-même fixée par boulonnage aux deux barres inférieures de renfort 72 et 74. Ces deux plots 80 et 82 remplissent deux fonctions de positionnement qui seront détaillées ultérieurement.Two positioning studs, male or female, are also fixed between two pairs of lower reinforcing bars. A first positioning stud 80 is arranged between the lower reinforcement bars 66 and 68, using a plate, to which it is welded, itself fixed by bolting to the two lower reinforcement bars 66 and 68. A second positioning stud 82 is arranged between the lower reinforcing bars 72 and 74, using a plate, to which it is welded, itself fixed by bolting to the two lower reinforcing bars 72 and 74. These two studs 80 and 82 perform two positioning functions which will be detailed later.

Enfin, quatre pieds de réglage en hauteur 84 tels que celui qui est illustré sur la figure 5 sont avantageusement prévus dans le gabarit de carottage 62. Ils sont vissés sous quatre plaques trouées 86 correspondantes, elles même fixées par boulonnage ou soudure en parties basses des plateaux latéraux 64A et 64B à ces derniers et aux première (66) et dernière (74) barres inférieures de renfort.Finally, four height adjustment feet 84 such as the one illustrated in the figure 5 are advantageously provided in the coring jig 62. They are screwed under four corresponding perforated plates 86, themselves fixed by bolting or welding in the lower parts of the side plates 64A and 64B to the latter and to the first (66) and last (74) lower reinforcing bars.

Un deuxième élément optionnel mais avantageux pour la construction de la fondation décrite précédemment est illustré en perspective sur la figure 6. Il s'agit d'un gabarit de réglage 88 conçu pour régler précisément le positionnement du gabarit de carottage 62 en fond de fouille 10 en coopérant avec lui. A cet effet, il comporte deux tiges verticales parallèles 90, 92 fixées à distance entre elles à l'aide d'un longeron supérieur 94 horizontal et d'un contreventement 96 à mi-hauteur et horizontal également. Les deux extrémités inférieures libres des deux tiges verticales 90 et 92 sont respectivement pourvues de deux plots de positionnement 98 et 100, femelles ou mâles, destinés à coopérer par encastrement, puis boulonnage éventuel, avec les deux plots de positionnement 80 et 82 du gabarit de carottage 62.A second optional but advantageous element for the construction of the foundation described above is illustrated in perspective on the figure 6 . This is an adjustment jig 88 designed to precisely adjust the positioning of the coring jig 62 at the bottom of the excavation 10 by cooperating with it. For this purpose, it comprises two parallel vertical rods 90, 92 fixed at a distance between them using an upper horizontal spar 94 and a bracing 96 at mid-height and also horizontal. The two free lower ends of the two vertical rods 90 and 92 are respectively provided with two positioning studs 98 and 100, female or male, intended to cooperate by embedding, then optional bolting, with the two positioning studs 80 and 82 of the coring 62.

Lorsque le gabarit de réglage 88 disposé en fond de fouille 10 coopère avec le gabarit de carottage 62 par encastrement des plots de positionnement 98, 100 dans les plots de positionnement 80, 82 ou inversement (première fonction de positionnement des plots 80, 82), les deux tiges 90 et 92 s'étendent verticalement de sorte que le longeron 94 apparaissent en surface et serve au réglage précis du positionnement en fond de fouille 10 à l'aide d'instruments classiques d'un géomètre. Pour cela, il présente un ou plusieurs points caractéristiques de vérification du réglage, par exemple deux petites extensions 102, 104 prolongeant les deux tiges verticales 90, 92 en parties hautes, ou tout autre point caractéristique visible. Pour rigidifier la coopération entre les gabarits de réglage 88 et carottage 62, le gabarit de réglage 88 peut en outre être haubané aux plateaux latéraux 64A et 64B du gabarit de carottage 62 à l'aide de moyens connus.When the adjustment jig 88 arranged at the bottom of the excavation 10 cooperates with the coring jig 62 by embedding the positioning studs 98, 100 in the positioning studs 80, 82 or vice versa (first function of positioning the studs 80, 82), the two rods 90 and 92 extend vertically so that the spar 94 appears on the surface and is used for the precise adjustment of the positioning at the bottom of the excavation 10 using conventional instruments of a surveyor. For this, it has one or more characteristic points for checking the adjustment, for example two small extensions 102, 104 extending the two vertical rods 90, 92 in the upper parts, or any other visible characteristic point. To stiffen the cooperation between the adjustment jigs 88 and coring jig 62, the adjustment jig 88 can also be braced to the side plates 64A and 64B of the coring jig 62 using known means.

Un procédé de construction d'une fondation d'appui ponctuel de structure telle que celle des figures 1 et 2, avec en outre le gabarit de carottage 62 de la figure 5, va maintenant être détaillé en référence à la figure 7.A method of constructing a point bearing foundation of a structure such as that of figures 1 and 2 , with, in addition, the coring jig 62 of the figure 5 , will now be detailed with reference to the figure 7 .

Au cours d'une première étape 200, divers matériaux de construction sont acheminés sur site. Comme indiqué précédemment, les matériaux et dimensions de la fondation à construire selon la présente invention sont tels qu'un acheminement léger par hélicoptère peut être envisagé pour une détérioration et un encombrement très limités du site.During a first step 200, various construction materials are transported to the site. As indicated previously, the materials and dimensions of the foundation to be built according to the present invention are such that light transport by helicopter can be envisaged for a very limited deterioration and clutter of the site.

Au cours d'une deuxième étape 202, les contours rectangulaires de la fouille 10 sont tracés au sol, par exemple avec une tolérance de 1 à 2 cm pour une fouille de 1,80 m sur 2,50 m. Un sondage préalable au droit de la fouille à creuser peut être réalisé.During a second step 202, the rectangular contours of the excavation 10 are drawn on the ground, for example with a tolerance of 1 to 2 cm for an excavation of 1.80 m by 2.50 m. A preliminary survey at the right of the excavation to be excavated can be carried out.

Au cours d'une étape 204 suivante, la fouille 10 est creusée dans le sol 12, par exemple à l'aide d'une mini pelle, en respectant une tolérance de [0 ; 10 cm] pour la largeur L1 = 1,80 m, une tolérance de [0 ; 20 cm] pour la longueur L2 = 2,50 m et une tolérance de [0 ; 20 cm] pour la profondeur P = 2,8 m. La terre retirée est conservée pour une étape ultérieure de remblayage. Il peut être avantageux de prévoir de curer manuellement le fond de fouille 10 à l'aide d'une pelle sur les derniers centimètres de profondeur, par exemple les derniers 60 cm, pour éviter tout affaissement ou décompression du sol 12 et s'assurer de la géométrie finale du fond de la fouille 10. Il peut être avantageux également d'installer progressivement un blindage latéral intérieur de la fouille 10 en respectant certaines limites: 10 cm d'épaisseur et position inférieure du blindage à au moins 1 m du fond de fouille 10. Il peut être recommandé également de creuser un puisard en fond de fouille 10 en assurant un accès à ce puisard.During a next step 204, the excavation 10 is dug in the ground 12, for example using a mini shovel, respecting a tolerance of [0; 10 cm] for width L1 = 1.80 m, a tolerance of [0; 20 cm] for length L2 = 2.50 m and a tolerance of [0; 20 cm] for the depth P = 2.8 m. The soil removed is kept for a later backfilling step. It may be advantageous to plan to clean the bottom of the excavation 10 manually using a shovel over the last centimeters of depth, for example the last 60 cm, to avoid any subsidence or decompression of the ground 12 and to ensure that the final geometry of the bottom of the excavation 10. It may also be advantageous to gradually install an interior lateral shielding of the excavation 10 while respecting certain limits: 10 cm thick and lower position of the shielding at least 1 m from the bottom of the dig 10. He It may also be recommended to dig a sump at the bottom of the excavation 10, ensuring access to this sump.

Au cours d'une étape 206, le gabarit de carottage 62 est reconstitué en surface conformément au montage de la figure 5, à l'exception des deux barres supérieures de renfort 76, 78. Il est monté en disposition rétractée des cinq barres inférieures de renfort 66, 68, 70, 72, 74 de sorte que les deux plateaux latéraux 64A et 64B soient rapprochés d'une distance largement inférieure à la largeur L1 de la fouille 10. Les quatre pieds de réglage en hauteur 84 sont ajoutés.During a step 206, the coring template 62 is reconstituted on the surface in accordance with the assembly of the figure 5 , with the exception of the two upper reinforcing bars 76, 78. It is mounted in the retracted position of the five lower reinforcing bars 66, 68, 70, 72, 74 so that the two side plates 64A and 64B are brought closer together. a distance well below the width L1 of the excavation 10. The four height adjustment feet 84 are added.

Au cours d'une étape 208 suivante, le gabarit de carottage 62 est descendu en fond de fouille 10, par exemple à l'aide d'une mini pelle. Il est ensuite élargi par réglage en longueur des cinq barres inférieures de renfort 66, 68, 70, 72, 74 jusqu'à un point de référence indiquant que la largeur atteinte peut être fixée. Tous moyens connus pour indiquer la bonne largeur et la maintenir fixée peuvent être employés. En outre, des cales en bois ou béton par exemple peuvent être utilisées contre ou sous les quatre pieds de réglage en hauteur 84 pour faciliter le réglage ultérieur en position du gabarit de carottage 62. A ce stade, les deux barres supérieures de renfort 76 et 78 peuvent être installées.During a next step 208, the coring jig 62 is lowered to the bottom of the excavation 10, for example using a mini digger. It is then widened by length adjustment of the five lower reinforcing bars 66, 68, 70, 72, 74 up to a reference point indicating that the width reached can be fixed. Any known means for indicating the correct width and keeping it fixed can be employed. In addition, shims made of wood or concrete, for example, can be used against or under the four height adjustment feet 84 to facilitate subsequent adjustment in position of the coring jig 62. At this stage, the two upper reinforcing bars 76 and 78 can be installed.

Au cours d'une étape 210 suivante, le gabarit de réglage 88 est monté et haubané sur le gabarit de carottage 62 comme indiqué précédemment. La verticalité des tiges 90 et 92 doit être soigneusement vérifiée. Le longeron 94 doit dépasser le niveau du sol 12.During a following step 210, the adjustment jig 88 is mounted and braced on the coring jig 62 as indicated above. The verticality of rods 90 and 92 must be carefully checked. The spar 94 must exceed the floor level 12.

Ensuite, au cours d'une étape 212, à l'aide de personnes en fond de fouille 10 et d'un géomètre en surface muni d'instruments adaptés pour mesurer la planéité de l'ensemble constitué par les deux gabarits de carottage 62 et réglage 88 en s'aidant des points caractéristiques 102 et 104, le positionnement précis du gabarit de carottage 62 est réglé notamment à l'aide des pieds de réglage en hauteur 84.Then, during a step 212, with the help of people at the bottom of the excavation 10 and a surface surveyor equipped with suitable instruments to measure the flatness of the assembly consisting of the two coring templates 62 and adjustment 88 with the help of the characteristic points 102 and 104, the precise positioning of the coring jig 62 is adjusted in particular using the height adjustment feet 84.

Lorsque la disposition du gabarit de carottage 62 en fond de fouille 10 est correctement réglée, le béton de propreté peut être coulé au fond de la fouille 10 depuis l'extérieur pour former une première couche de la dalle 14, au cours d'une étape 214. Le coulage est par exemple maintenu jusqu'à recouvrir les cinq barres inférieures de renfort 66, 68, 70, 72, 74 du gabarit de carottage 62 mais en laissant émerger les trous formés dans les plateaux latéraux 64A, 64B et au moins en partie les deux plots de positionnement 80 et 82, notamment suffisamment pour pouvoir retirer les plots de positionnement 98, 100 et le gabarit de réglage 88. Un accès au puisard doit toutefois être conservé et il est conseillé d'utiliser un béton à prise rapide. Coulé dans le béton de propreté et correctement disposé, le gabarit de carottage 62 est destiné à faire partie de la fondation. En revanche, le gabarit de réglage 88 peut être retiré afin d'être réutilisé pour la construction d'une autre fondation.When the arrangement of the coring template 62 at the bottom of the excavation 10 is correctly adjusted, the clean concrete can be poured at the bottom of the excavation 10 from the outside to form a first layer of the slab 14, during a step 214. The casting is for example maintained until it covers the five lower reinforcing bars 66, 68, 70, 72, 74 of the coring template 62 but leaving the holes formed in the side plates 64A, 64B to emerge and at least in part the two positioning studs 80 and 82, in particular sufficiently to be able to remove the positioning studs 98, 100 and the adjustment template 88. Access to the sump must however be retained and it is advisable to use quick-setting concrete. Cast in clean concrete and correctly placed, the coring template 62 is intended to form part of the foundation. On the other hand, the adjustment jig 88 can be removed in order to be reused for the construction of another foundation.

Au cours d'une étape suivante de carottage 216, une carotteuse est descendue en fond de fouille 10 et dix trous sont creusés latéralement dans le sol 12 dans les parois 10A et 10B au droit de chacun des trous des plateaux latéraux 64A et 64B. Les trous latéraux sont par exemple creusés sur plusieurs dizaines de centimètres de profondeur, notamment entre 20 et 50 cm. La carotteuse est avantageusement fixée à un référentiel pour éviter toute déviation pouvant être engendrée par les vibrations. L'eau consommée par la carotteuse peut être évacuée dans le puisard à l'aide de moyens connus appropriés, notamment une pompe. Pour éviter tout effondrement des trous latéraux creusés par décompression du sol 12, des tubes en PVC (PolyChlorure de Vinyle) y sont insérés jusqu'au fond et sont dimensionnés pour dépasser assez largement des parois latérales et même traverser les trous des plateaux latéraux 64A et 64B en dépassant d'environ 5 cm. Chaque redan est alors inséré dans le tube en PVC correspondant en traversant l'un des trous des plateaux latéraux 64A, 654B, avec une plaque formant couvercle pour le tube en PVC enfilée dans sa portion allongée et maintenue à une certaine distance de sa plaque d'appui et de fixation contre la périphérie du platelage 16. La distance entre l'extrémité enfoncée du redan et la plaque formant couvercle est inférieure de quelques centimètres, par exemple 5 cm, à la longueur du tube en PVC de sorte que le redan ne puisse pas atteindre le fond du trou latéral dans lequel il est inséré.During a following coring step 216, a coring drill is lowered to the bottom of the excavation 10 and ten holes are dug laterally in the ground 12 in the walls 10A and 10B in line with each of the holes in the side plates 64A and 64B. The side holes are for example dug several tens of centimeters deep, in particular between 20 and 50 cm. The core drilling machine is advantageously fixed to a frame of reference to avoid any deviation which may be caused by the vibrations. The water consumed by the core drilling machine can be evacuated into the sump using appropriate known means, in particular a pump. To avoid any collapse of the side holes dug by decompression of the ground 12, PVC tubes (Polyvinyl Chloride) are inserted therein to the bottom and are dimensioned to protrude quite widely from the side walls and even cross the holes of the side plates 64A and 64B protruding about 5 cm. Each step is then inserted into the corresponding PVC tube through one of the holes in the side plates 64A, 654B, with a cover plate for the PVC tube threaded into its elongated portion and held at a certain distance from its base plate. support and fixing against the periphery of the decking 16. The distance between the depressed end of the step and the cover plate is less than a few centimeters, for example 5 cm, than the length of the PVC tube so that the step does not cannot reach the bottom of the side hole in which it is inserted.

Ensuite, au cours d'une étape 218, le platelage 16 est descendu et disposé au fond de la fouille 10 de manière à ce qu'il s'étende latéralement en périphérie vers les deux parois latérales 10A et 10B. Dans un premier temps par exemple les poutres transversales d'extrémités longitudinales, c'est-à-dire les poutres 181 et 185, sont descendues en fond de fouille 10, précisément positionnées et fixées par exemple aux plots de positionnement 80 et 82 (deuxième fonction de positionnement des plots 80, 82) ainsi qu'aux redans 30A1, 30B1, 30A5 et 30B5. Elles comportent alors elles-mêmes pour cela des plots de positionnement correspondants qui coopèrent par encastrement. Dans ce cas, les plots de positionnement 80 et 82 sont disposés de manière à être respectivement dans les plans verticaux principaux des quatre trous disposés aux extrémités longitudinales des deux plateaux latéraux 64A et 64B. Le reste du platelage 16, c'est-à-dire les autres poutres transversales 182, 183, 184 et les poutres longitudinales 20A, 20B, peut être assemblé en surface et descendu dans un deuxième temps, pour être ensuite complètement fixé aux deux poutres transversales 181 et 185, déjà en place. Les redans 30A2, 30B2, 30A3, 30B3, 30A4 et 30B4 peuvent alors à leur tour être fixés aux poutres transversales 182, 183, 184 dans ce deuxième temps.Then, during a step 218, the decking 16 is lowered and placed at the bottom of the excavation 10 so that it extends laterally on the periphery towards the two side walls 10A and 10B. Initially for example the transverse beams of longitudinal ends, that is to say the beams 18 1 and 18 5 , are lowered to the bottom of the excavation 10, precisely positioned and fixed for example to the positioning studs 80 and 82 (second function of positioning the studs 80, 82) as well as the steps 30A 1 , 30B 1 , 30A 5 and 30B 5 . They then themselves comprise for this purpose corresponding positioning studs which cooperate by embedding. In this case, the positioning studs 80 and 82 are arranged so as to be respectively in the main vertical planes of the four holes arranged at the longitudinal ends of the two side plates 64A and 64B. The rest of the decking 16, that is to say the other transverse beams 182, 183, 184 and the longitudinal beams 20 A , 20 B , can be assembled on the surface and lowered into a second stage, to then be completely fixed to the two transverse beams 18 1 and 18 5 , already in place. The steps 30A 2 , 30B 2 , 30A 3 , 30B 3 , 30A 4 and 30B 4 can then in turn be fixed to the transverse beams 18 2 , 18 3 , 18 4 in this second stage.

On notera que les platines et goussets de liaison qui doivent être portés par les poutres longitudinales 20A, 20B peuvent être fixés en surface ou en fond de fouille 10.It will be noted that the connecting plates and gussets which must be carried by the longitudinal beams 20 A , 20 B can be fixed on the surface or at the bottom of the excavation 10.

Ensuite, au cours d'une étape 220, l'assemblage support d'appui ponctuel de structure comportant le pilier pyramidal 22, le chapeau 24 et l'embase 26 est à son tour descendu en fond de fouille 10. Avantageusement, il aura préalablement été monté en surface, y compris les platines et goussets de liaison qu'il doit porter. Une fois disposé sur les poutres longitudinales 20A, 20B, il est fixé par boulonnage. Il s'étend alors dans la fouille 10 depuis le fond jusqu'en surface. Cette étape peut faire l'objet d'une vérification finale du bon positionnement de tous les éléments de platelage 16 et assemblage support 22, 24, 26.Then, during a step 220, the point structure support support assembly comprising the pyramidal pillar 22, the cap 24 and the base 26 is in turn lowered to the bottom of the excavation 10. Advantageously, it will have previously been mounted on the surface, including the connecting plates and gussets that it must carry. Once placed on the longitudinal beams 20 A , 20 B , it is fixed by bolting. It then extends into the excavation 10 from the bottom to the surface. This step can be the subject of a final verification of the correct positioning of all the decking elements 16 and support assembly 22, 24, 26.

Au cours d'une étape 222 suivante, chaque redan est scellé dans le sol 12 à l'aide d'un mélange de type coulis de ciment, mortier ou béton. Ce mélange est coulé dans chaque tube en PVC pour le remplir, par un trou aménagé en partie supérieure du tube PVC et à l'aide d'une goulotte et/ou canule souple et/ou d'un tube rigide. Une sortie d'air peut être également aménagée, par exemple en partie supérieure de chaque plaque formant couvercle. Le mélange doit être suffisamment liquide pour se répartir dans tout le volume intérieur de chaque tube en PVC.During a following step 222, each step is sealed in the ground 12 using a mixture of the cement slurry, mortar or concrete type. This mixture is poured into each PVC tube to fill it, through a hole provided in the upper part of the PVC tube and using a chute and/or flexible cannula and/or a rigid tube. An air outlet can also be arranged, for example in the upper part of each plate forming a cover. The mixture must be sufficiently liquid to be distributed throughout the interior volume of each PVC tube.

Ensuite, au cours d'une étape 224, une deuxième couche de la dalle 14 de béton de propreté est coulée en fond de fouille 10, par exemple jusqu'à mi-hauteur des poutres transversales 181, 182, 183, 184 et 185. Le béton coulé peut alors être vibré pour évacuer l'air en prenant soin d'éviter tout contact avec les éléments métalliques en place de la fondation pour ne pas dérégler leur positionnement.Then, during a step 224, a second layer of clean concrete slab 14 is poured into the bottom of the excavation 10, for example up to mid-height of the transverse beams 18 1 , 18 2 , 18 3 , 18 4 and 18 5 . The poured concrete can then be vibrated to evacuate the air, taking care to avoid any contact with the metal elements in place of the foundation so as not to disturb their positioning.

Ensuite, au cours d'une étape de remblayage 226, et sans qu'il soit nécessaire d'attendre le séchage de la deuxième couche de béton de propreté, la terre évacuée pour creuser la fouille 10 à l'étape 204 est réintroduite par couches successives de remblai jusqu'en surface. Par exemple une première couche d'environ 15 à 40 cm d'épaisseur est introduite et compactée, évitant les poches d'air et couvrant les zones difficiles d'accès. Les couches suivantes peuvent ensuite être introduites successivement par épaisseurs de 40 cm. On notera qu'il est possible de s'arrêter une première fois juste en dessous des joints de membrures entre les niveaux inférieur 36 et supérieur 38 du pilier pyramidal 22. A ce stade, il est encore possible de démonter les éléments de fondation non encore enfouis. Il est possible également de s'arrêter une deuxième fois juste sous le chapeau 24 pour, de même, procéder à certains derniers réglages de l'embase 26.Then, during a backfilling step 226, and without it being necessary to wait for the second layer of clean concrete to dry, the earth evacuated to dig the excavation 10 in step 204 is reintroduced in layers successive fills to the surface. For example, a first layer about 15 to 40 cm thick is introduced and compacted, avoiding air pockets and covering hard-to-reach areas. The following layers can then be introduced successively in thicknesses of 40 cm. Note that it is possible to stop for the first time just below the chord joints between the lower 36 and upper 38 levels of the pyramidal pillar 22. At this stage, it is still possible to dismantle the foundation elements not yet buried. It is also possible to stop a second time just under the cap 24 to, likewise, make some final adjustments to the base 26.

Enfin, au cours d'une dernière étape 228, optionnelle, une cheminée en béton peut être construite pour coffrer le chapeau 24 et l'embase 26 jusqu'en surface.Finally, during a last step 228, optional, a concrete chimney can be built to form the cap 24 and the base 26 up to the surface.

Le remblai peut alors être finalisé en formant une butte de terre autour de la cheminée pour prévenir la décompression des sols.The backfill can then be finalized by forming a mound of earth around the chimney to prevent soil decompression.

Il apparaît clairement qu'une fondation ou installation de fondation telle que ce qui a été décrit précédemment produit une résistance améliorée aux contraintes de traction de la structure qu'elle est destinée à porter grâce aux redans disposés et fixés en périphérie du platelage. Des tests et mesures ont été effectués, en tenue géotechnique ou en tenue intrinsèque et de durabilité, montrant qu'il est tout à fait possible de répondre aux exigences des normes en vigueur (NF P 94-261, NF P 94-282, EN 12501, EN 50301, EN 61773, ...) avec une fondation de taille réduite.It is clear that a foundation or foundation installation such as what has been described above produces improved resistance to the tensile stresses of the structure that it is intended to support thanks to the steps arranged and fixed on the periphery of the decking. Tests and measurements have been carried out, in geotechnical resistance or in intrinsic resistance and durability, showing that it is quite possible to meet the requirements of the standards in force (NF P 94-261, NF P 94-282, EN 12501, EN 50301, EN 61773, ...) with a reduced size foundation.

L'exemple décrit prévoit des redans latéraux s'étendant dans deux parois latérales de la fouille creusée, mais rien n'empêche de prévoir des redans, en remplacement ou en complément, dans d'autres parois de la fouille. Par ailleurs la fouille 10 illustrée dans les figures 1 et 2 est présentée comme d'emprise rectangulaire au sol, ce qui n'est qu'un exemple non limitatif de forme de fouille pour une fondation.The example described provides for side steps extending in two side walls of the excavated excavation, but nothing prevents the provision of steps, as a replacement or in addition, in other walls of the excavation. Furthermore, the excavation 10 illustrated in the figures 1 and 2 is presented as a rectangular footprint on the ground, which is only a non-limiting example of the form of excavation for a foundation.

Claims (10)

  1. A foundation providing point bearing for a structure, comprising:
    - a planking (16) disposed at the bottom of an excavation (10) formed in a ground (12), the planking (16) extending laterally at the periphery (18A, 18B) towards at least one side wall (10A, 10B) of the excavation (10),
    - a point bearing support assembly (22, 24, 26) for the structure attached to the planking (16) and extending into the excavation (10) from the bottom starting from the planking (16) to the surface, and
    - a backfill material (28) filling the excavation (10) to the surface,
    characterized in that it further comprises a plurality of redans (30A, 30B; 30A1, 30B1, 30A2, 30B2, 30A3, 30B3, 30A4, 30B4, 30A5, 30B5), each of which extends laterally into the ground (12), from the periphery (18A, 18B) of the planking (16) to which it is attached, beyond the said at least one side wall (10A, 10B) of the excavation (10).
  2. The foundation providing point bearing for a structure according to claim 1, wherein the redans (30A, 30B; 30A1, 30B1, 30A2, 30B2, 30A3, 30B3, 30A4, 30B4, 30A5, 30B5) extend laterally into the ground (12) from the periphery (18A, 18B) of the planking (16) to which they are secured against ends of transverse bars (181, 182, 183, 184, 185) of the planking (16).
  3. The foundation providing point bearing for a structure according to claim 2, wherein each redan (30A, 30B) comprises a plate (32A, 32B) for supporting and fixing against an end plate (18A, 18B) of one (18) of the transverse bars, this supporting and fixing plate (32A, 32B) being integral with an elongate portion (34A, 34B) sinking laterally into the ground (12).
  4. The foundation providing point bearing for a structure according to any of claims 1 to 3, comprising a coring template (62) pierced with holes and bordering the periphery (18A, 18B) of the planking (16), each redan extending through one of the holes of the coring template (62).
  5. The foundation providing point bearing for a structure according to any of claims 1 to 4, wherein the point bearing support assembly (22, 24, 26) for the structure comprises a pyramidal lattice pillar (22) surmounted by a base (26) for receiving the point bearing support for the structure.
  6. The foundation providing point bearing for a structure according to any of claims 1 to 5, wherein each redan (30A, 30B; 30A1, 30B1, 30A2, 30B2, 30A3, 30B3, 30A4, 30B4, 30A5, 30B5) is:
    - attached to the periphery of the planking (16) by bolting, and
    - sealed in the ground (12) with a cement grout, mortar or concrete mixture.
  7. The foundation providing point bearing for a structure according to any of claims 1 to 6, wherein the planking (16), the point bearing support assembly (22, 24, 26) for the structure and the redans (30A, 30B; 30A1, 30B1, 30A2, 30B2, 30A3, 30B3, 30A4, 30B4, 30A5, 30B5) are made of metallic material.
  8. A foundation installation for a structure (44) with a plurality of point bearings (46, 48, 50, 52), comprising a foundation (54, 56, 58, 60) providing point bearing for a structure according to any of claims 1 to 7 for each point bearing (46, 48, 50, 52) of the structure (44).
  9. A method for building a foundation providing point bearing for a structure comprising the following steps:
    - digging (204) of an excavation (10) in a ground (12),
    - layout (218) of a planking (16) at the bottom of the excavation (10) so that it extends laterally around the periphery (18A, 18B) towards at least one side wall (10A, 10B) of the excavation (10),
    - attaching (220) a point bearing support assembly (22, 24, 26) for a structure to the planking (16) so that it extends into the ground (10) from the bottom starting from the planking (16) to the surface, and
    - backfilling (226) of the excavation (10) to the surface,
    characterized in that it comprises, between the digging (204) of the excavation (10) and the layout (218) of the planking (16) at the bottom of the excavation (10), a step (216) for placing a plurality of redans (30A, 30B ; 30A1, 30B1, 30A2, 30B2, 30A3, 30B3, 30A4, 30B4, 30A5, 30B5) so that they each extend laterally into the ground (12), from the periphery (18A, 18B) of the planking (16) to which they are attached when the latter is then disposed (218) at the bottom of the excavation (10), beyond the said at least one side wall (10A, 10B) of the excavation (10).
  10. The method for building a foundation providing point bearing for a structure according to claim 9, wherein the step (216) for placing the plurality of redans (30A, 30B; 30A1, 30B1, 30A2, 30B2, 30A3, 30B3, 30A4, 30B4, 30A5, 30B5) comprises laterally coring ground (12) at the bottom of the excavation (10) to create a plurality of lateral holes and arranging each redan in one of the lateral holes.
EP19707443.8A 2018-02-09 2019-02-01 Foundation providing point bearing for a structure, and method for building such a foundation Active EP3749810B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1851082A FR3077830B1 (en) 2018-02-09 2018-02-09 ONE-TIME STRUCTURAL SUPPORT FOUNDATION AND METHOD FOR CONSTRUCTING SUCH A FOUNDATION
PCT/FR2019/050231 WO2019155148A1 (en) 2018-02-09 2019-02-01 Foundation providing point bearing for a structure, and method for building such a foundation

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EP3749810A1 EP3749810A1 (en) 2020-12-16
EP3749810B1 true EP3749810B1 (en) 2022-11-30

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FR (1) FR3077830B1 (en)
WO (1) WO2019155148A1 (en)

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3442912A1 (en) * 1984-11-24 1986-06-05 Eggeling, Ernst, 4600 Dortmund Method of producing a sleeve foundation

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1295610A (en) * 1961-04-28 1962-06-08 Anchoring the posts to the ground
FI20096165A (en) * 2009-11-10 2011-05-11 Peikko Group Oy Arrangement in connection with foundation of mast structures

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3442912A1 (en) * 1984-11-24 1986-06-05 Eggeling, Ernst, 4600 Dortmund Method of producing a sleeve foundation

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP3749810A1 (en) 2020-12-16
FR3077830B1 (en) 2022-08-12
WO2019155148A1 (en) 2019-08-15
FR3077830A1 (en) 2019-08-16

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