FR2887902A1 - MECHANIZED WASTEWATER EXHAUST ROOM AND USE THEREOF - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a domestic installation tube or a shaped part of a compact, extruded, multilayered, injection molded or blow molded and soundproofing domestic installation. this piece is characterized in that: -a- the average pore diameter of the cellular layer is between 50 microns and 100 microns, -b- the portion of the pore surface and / or the pore volume of the cellular layer being between 25% and 90% and the thickness of the cellular layer being between 1.5 and 3 mm and the cellular layer having a gradient set in the number of pores and or the pore size towards the surface of the inner compact layer.

Description

2887902 DESCRIPTION

  A domestic installation tube or a compact multilayered domestic installation molded piece (e) is extruded, injection molded or blow molded and sound absorbing.

  Multilayer plastic tubes of the state of the art are already known. DE 40 18 753 A1 discloses, for example, a heat and chemical resistant polyolefin-based tube which is provided with a diffusion barrier layer and an intermediate layer formed by an adhesive agent to reinforce the assembly. an outer layer of metal or plastic being additionally applied. These tubes are used for example as heating tubes and the diffusion barrier layer applied internally or externally to the tube is created by the vacuum plasma coating process.

  DE 41 43 670 discloses a soundproofing of pipes consisting in additionally adhering to the tube a layer of foam or cellular foam of sheet of lower density than the outer layer. This layer advantageously serves to absorb the sound.

  FR 94 12 587 discloses a method and a device for manufacturing tubes made of composite materials having good mechanical and tribological properties. For this purpose, fiber or fiber fabric is added to the plastic material used for the manufacture of tubes, the added fibers being carbon, Kevlar or glass.

  EP 0 916 054 B I discloses a multilayer tube which is manufactured by coextrusion, the central layer of which is made of polyolefin base material added / loaded with mineral substances. These tubes are used among others for the evacuation of wastewater. The addition of mineral substances is preferably used to increase the rigidity of the tube. The mineral additive is foamed by means of a propellant during the extrusion process, the density of this cellular layer being lower than that of the polyolefin base material.

  It is also indicated that the crystallinity of the tubes thus produced leads to a better resilience and a better long-term resistance to the internal pressure.

  Document FR 96 15 139 discloses plastic tubes which are manufactured by extrusion or injection molding, inorganic fillers being added to improve the acoustic insulation properties of the tube thus produced. For this, at least two coaxially applied layers are provided. One of the layers, preferably the inner layer, is added for this purpose with fillers. Zirconium silicate is proposed as a filler. The zirconium silicate thus added generally leads to the improvement of the acoustic insulation properties of the tube and also increases its resistance to flame.

  The patent application EP 0 883 769 A1 describes a method of manufacturing a multilayer pipe, these multilayer pipe being made of polypropylene and having improved crack resistance. For this, it is proposed, in particular to improve the resistance to cracking, that these pressure-conducting pipes are composed of different layers of different polypropylene plastic materials.

  Patent DE 197 02 952 C 1 discloses a tubular piece of soundproof plastic material made of a thermoplastic material such as polyethylene and a filler material composed of barium sulfate, the filler material having an average grain size D 50 according to DIN 53477 from 5 to 20 m and the density of the plastic tube thus manufactured being in the range of 1.5 to 2.1 g / cm3.

  The state of the art DE 30 90 6998 U1, which discloses a two-layer tube, is also considered to be present, the layers being coaxial and consisting of a thermoplastic olefin. The olefin used has different properties in the applied layers.

  NL 101 55 37 discloses a plastic tube with an outer barrier layer and an underlying intermediate layer. The plastic material used for the manufacture of the tube consists for example of a polyolefin such as polyethylene, polypropylene or polybutylene.

  The diffusion barrier layer applied externally or internally to the plastic tube is preferably aluminum, aluminum oxide or aluminum alloy compounds; other metal layers such as copper or zinc compounds are also mentioned in this document. These barrier layers are also applied by plasma spraying on the inside or outside of the polyolefin tube in high vacuum installations.

  Document DE 100 12 239 A1 discloses a polyolefin plastic tube provided with an additional cladding tube, the cladding tube being made of glycol-modified polyethylene terephthalate.

  The disadvantage of these known solutions of the state of the art is that the materials used for the coating or for the improvement of the mechanical properties certainly improve the diffusion barrier effect or the resilience due to the density and the composition of materials, but provide only limited acoustic damping in the frequency ranges perceptible to the human ear.

  However, the requirements for acoustics are of great importance today for noise protection in buildings and apply in particular in the planning and design of buildings such as hospitals and apartment buildings.

  Therefore, developments aimed at optimizing the acoustics of wastewater systems based on tubes / shaped plastic wastewater discharge parts made of plastic are an important condition to obtain an improvement of the protective measures. against noise in this area.

  For this, measurements are made, as is known, on complete domestic wastewater circuits or on acoustic test benches designed for this purpose. The appearance of waste water noises is related to different acoustic excitation phenomena such as: (a) the excitation of the tube by the flow of water, (b) the propagation of structural noise at the inner / outer wall of the tube, (c) propagation of the sound by the retaining / fixing elements to be provided and finally (d) the combination of the aforementioned excitation phenomena with the structural / local conditions.

  The object of the invention is therefore to indicate or to propose a domestic installation tube or a compact multilayered domestic installation molded piece which is extruded, injection-molded or molded (e). ) by blowing and soundproofing, which has improved acoustic properties.

  The above object is attained by the fact that, for a tube or shaped part of domestic installation of the type mentioned in the introduction to the present, the following characteristics are provided: - a- the average pore diameter of the honeycomb layer is 5 between 50 m and 100 m, b- the portion of the pore surface and / or the pore volume of the cellular layer is between 25% and 90%, the thickness of the cellular layer is between 1.5 and 3 mm and the alveolar layer has a gradient set in the number of pores and / or the pore size towards the surface of the inner compact layer.

  The object of the invention may further optionally include one or more of the additional features or preferred embodiments set forth below: - the domestic installation tube or the domestic installation shaped part is composed of an outer cellular layer and an inner compact layer, at least the compact layer being filled with or containing barium sulfate in a proportion of up to 67%; the ratio of the thickness of the outer cellular layer to the thickness of the inner compact layer is from 1: 1 to 1: 3 and the layer thickness of the compact layer is between 1 and 3 mm; the cellular layer has a gradient set in the number of pores and the pore size per unit of volume from the outside of the cellular layer towards the surface of the inner compact layer, in particular a gradient which has the appearance of a step function; the rigidity of the domestic installation tube or the domestic installation shaped part has a value of 3 to 12 N / m 2, in particular 8 N / m 2, as a result of the gradient in the number of pores and in the size pores of the alveolar layer; the gradient in the number of pores and in the pore size results in a total acoustic damping of at least 5 dB in the frequency range between 300 Hz and 13 kHz; the cellular layer has an average pore size of 50 μm to 100 μm and a pore density of between 3,000 pores / cm 2 and 10,000 pores / cm 2; the shaped domestic installation part is chosen from the group formed by a U-tube connection, an elbow tube connection, a T-piece or a tube connection element, in particular a tube sleeve; - The cellular layer and the compact layer are made of a thermoplastic material of the group formed by PVC, PE, ABS or PP or their block copolymers; - The cellular layer and the compact layer each composed of at least one material of the aforementioned group are made alternately in the form of a sandwich layer and comprise at least three layers.

  In addition, the present invention also relates to the use of tubes or shaped parts of the type described above, this use being characterized by the fact that the laying is carried out in sections in buildings according to acoustical calculations.

  Thus, the domestic installation tube or the domestic installation shaped part consists of at least two layers, comprising a cellular layer and a compact layer, the average pore diameter of the cellular layer, precisely adjusted in the process between 50 m and 100 m, in particular between 60 m and 80 m, the portion of the pore surface and / or the pore volume of the cellular layer which is externally applied to the tube or workpiece being between 25% and 90%, the thickness of the cellular layer being substantially between 1.5 and 3 mm and the cellular layer having a gradient set by the manufacturing method in the number of pores and / or the thickness of the pores towards the surface of the inner compact layer. The cellular layer and the compact layer are made of a thermoplastic material, preferably PVC (polyvinyl chloride), polyethylene (PE), copolymer of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) or polypropylene (PP) or of block copolymers of polyethylene or polypropylene group, at least the compact layer containing fillers such as barium sulfate in a proportion of up to 67%.

  Acoustical studies have been carried out on domestic installation tubes or shaped domestic installation parts in installation rooms under predefined laying conditions on standard installation walls. For this, the noise level in the installation room and the level in the reception room were determined.

  The experimental design for the studies has been designed according to DIN 52219 for the noise level of the installation and according to DIN 4109 with regard to soundproofing requirements. The noise level of the installation described in the aforementioned DIN standard constitutes for this purpose an important criterion for assessing waste water noise.

  For example, to determine the acoustic data, the input values such as the geometric dimension, the density of the material, the modulus of elasticity and the loss factor of the domestic installation tube or the workpiece have been experimentally determined. shaped domestic installation according to the invention.

  The modulus of elasticity was determined by a solid clamping of one side of the domestic installation tubes or shaped domestic installation parts according to the invention and then an excitation of bending oscillations by means of a noise emitter of electrodynamic structure.

  The measurement of bending oscillations was performed without contact by a scanning laser vibrometer. This method makes it possible to make visible the oscillation movements of the domestic installation tubes or shaped domestic installation parts according to the invention at different frequencies by scanning in phase of the distribution of the levels on the axis of the tube or the workpiece. shaped. This experimental approach first made it possible to unambiguously associate the resonances measured with the different modes of oscillation.

  The loss factor r i was determined from the half-width width Af of the resonance curve and the resonance frequency fr according to the relation rl = Δf / en and the elastic modulus of elasticity E from the frequency of resonance fr measured by the formula 4_2 fr2 p A H4 I K4 where A is the sectional area of the domestic installation tube or the domestic installation shaped part according to the invention, its surface moment, p its density, H the length of the tube or the shaped part and K the eigenvalue allowing to take into account the secondary conditions.

  Table 1 shows the measurement results of the sound pressure level in the installation room with the domestic installation tube or the domestic installation shaped part according to the invention and behind an installation wall measured in dB (A ) for different liquid volumetric flow rates in l / s. Volumetric flow rates of 0.5 to 2 liters of water per second were set and the sound pressure level was determined each time the liquid passed through, for example, the tube. These volumetric flow rates of 0.5 to 2 1 / s give a realistic picture of acoustic phenomena in domestic wastewater systems.

  Table 1: Sound pressure level measurement results Number Flow rate Pressure level Acoustic volumetric test pressure level in acoustics in the (1 / s) local installation room behind the wall (dB (A)) installation (dB (A)) 0.5 30.9 5.5 1 1.0 32.4 10, 5 2.0 37.8 16.4 0.5 30.7 5.3 2 1.0 32, 2 10.4 2.0 37.6 16.2 0.5 30.0 4.7 3 1.0 31.6 9.7 2.0 36.9 15.6 0.5 29.9 4.5 4 1.0 31.4 9.5 2.0 36.8 15.4 The average and dimensionless sound pressure level ratio - defined as the ratio of the sound pressure level in the installation space containing the tube of domestic installation or the shaped domestic installation piece according to the invention and the sound pressure level in the room located behind the wall of the installation room is approximately between 2.3 and 6.7 for different volumetric flow rates of 2.0 to 0.5 1 / s.

  In another embodiment of the invention, the cellular layer has a stepped or gradient variation of the average pore diameter towards the outside, the average pore size being between 60 and 90 m in the median plane of the pore. coaxial cellular layer in the direction of the compact layer and the average pore size of the honeycomb layer being preferably between 90 m and 100 m at the transition of the boundary surfaces of the cellular layer and the compact layer. It advantageously results from this variation in steps or in gradient a rigidity of 3 to 12 N / m2.

  The attached figure shows a scanning electron microscope of a section of a domestic installation tube according to the invention.

  As shown in this view, the average pore diameter of the applied foamed layer is 80 m to 90 m in a sectional plane designated S in the accompanying figure at the transition to the denser compact layer. The number of pores is about 50 to 70 pores / mm 2 in this transition zone.

  In another embodiment of the invention, the succession of layers of the domestic installation tubes or of the domestic installation shaped parts composed of the inner compact layer according to the invention and of the next cellular layer may be made at the a sandwich, that is to say for example an alternating succession of double layers produced by extrusion, injection molding or blowing, the materials chosen from the above-mentioned group, in combination with one another, forming the layered structure of the compact layer or the alveolar layer. According to the definition, domestic installation molded parts are elbow pipe fittings, Y-pipe fittings, T-pieces, U-pipe fittings, and so on. and are sectioned in buildings according to acoustic requirements and calculations.

Claims (1)

9 CLAIMS   1. A multi-layer, compact, sound-absorbing, multi-layer, compact, extruded, injection-molded or blow-molded wastewater treatment chamber made of at least one layer of foam or foam and a compact layer, characterized in that the average pore diameter of the cellular layer is between 50 m and 100 m, the portion of the pore surface and / or the pore volume of the cellular layer being between 25 and 100 m. % and 90% and the thickness of the cellular layer being between 1.5 and 3 mm and the alveolar layer having a gradient set in the number of pores and / or the pore size in the direction of the surface of the inner compact layer.   2. A shaped part according to claim 1, characterized in that it consists of an outer cellular layer and an inner compact layer, at least the compact layer being filled with or containing barium sulfate in a proportion up to 67%.   3. Shaped part according to claim 1, characterized in that the ratio of the thickness of the outer foamed layer to the thickness of the inner compact layer is 1: 1 to 1: 3.   4. A shaped part according to claim 1, characterized in that the layer thickness of the compact layer is between 1 and 3 mm.   5. Shaped part according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the cellular layer has a gradient set in the number of pores and the pore size per unit volume from the outside of the cellular layer to the surface of the inner compact layer, in particular a gradient which has the appearance of a staircase function.   6. shaped part according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the cellular layer has an average pore size of 50 μm to 100 m and a pore density of between 3 000 pores / cm 2 and 10 000 pores / cm2.   7. Shaped part according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the shaped piece of domestic installation is selected from the group formed by tube, a U-tube connection, an elbow tube connection, a piece T-piece or a pipe-fitting element, in particular a pipe sleeve.   8. A shaped part according to claim 7, characterized in that the cellular layer and the compact layer are made of a thermoplastic material of the group formed by PVC, PE, ABS or PP or their block copolymers.   9. A shaped part according to claim 8, characterized in that the cellular layer and the compact layer are made alternately in the form of a sandwich layer and comprise at least three layers.   10. Use of shaped pieces of domestic wastewater according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the laying is carried out in sections in buildings according to acoustical calculations.